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N

n#Burlington Limestone#Cabaniss Formation#Cedar City Formation#Chattanooga Shale

N-15
BT	isotopes
	.stable isotopes
	..N-15
BT	nitrogen
	.N-15
RT	N-15/N-14
SN	This term has multiple hierarchies.

N-15/N-14
BT	isotopes
	.stable isotopes
	..N-15/N-14
BT	nitrogen
	.N-15/N-14
RT	isotope ratios
	N-15
SN	This term has multiple hierarchies.

n-alkanes
BT	organic compounds
	.hydrocarbons
	..aliphatic hydrocarbons
	...alkanes
	....n-alkanes
RT	biomarkers
SN	Added to Thesaurus in 1985.

Na
USE	sodium

Na-22
BT	isotopes
	.radioactive isotopes
	..Na-22
BT	metals
	.alkali metals
	..sodium
	...Na-22
SN	This term has multiple hierarchies.

Na-24
BT	isotopes
	.radioactive isotopes
	..Na-24
BT	metals
	.alkali metals
	..sodium
	...Na-24
SN	This term has multiple hierarchies.

Na-montmorillonite
USE	montmorillonite
SN	After 1992, use montmorillonite and sodium ion if applicable.

Nabburg Germany
BT	Europe
	.Central Europe
	..Germany
	...Bavaria Germany
	....Nabburg Germany
SN	Town in E Bavaria, SE Germany.

Nacimiento Formation
BT	Chronostratigraphic Units
	.Phanerozoic
	..Cenozoic
	...Paleogene
	....Paleocene
	.....Nacimiento Formation
RT	New Mexico
SN	NW New Mexico. Added to Thesaurus in 1985.

Nacimiento Mountains
BT	United States
	.New Mexico
	..Rio Arriba County New Mexico
	...Nacimiento Mountains
RT	Fenton Hill
	Sur fault zone
SN	Range in NW New Mexico.

Nacogdoches County Texas
BT	United States
	.Texas
	..Nacogdoches County Texas

Nacozari de Garcia Mexico
BT	Mexico
	.Sonora Mexico
	..Nacozari de Garcia Mexico
SN	Town in NE Sonora. Before 1978, also search Nacozari and Mexico.

nacrite
BT	silicates
	.sheet silicates
	..clay minerals
	...nacrite

Naga Hills
BT	Asia
	.Naga Hills
RT	India
	Burma
	Nagaland India
SN	Ranges on India-Burma border, N of Manipur Hills. Indexed with country as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1993.

Nagaland India
BT	Asia
	.Indian Peninsula
	..India
	...Northeastern India
	....Nagaland India
RT	Naga Hills
SN	State NE of Bangladesh in NE India. Established in 1961.

Nagano City Japan
BT	nshu
	.Nagano City Japan
RT	Nagano Japan
	Akita Japan
	Koma-ga-take
	Osaka Japan
	Nagano earthquake 1984
SN	City in Nagano Prefecture, central Honshu. Also towns in Akita and Osaka prefectures. Indexed with prefectures as applicable.

Nagano earthquake 1984
BT	earthquakes
	.Nagano earthquake 1984
UF	Nagano Prefecture earthquake 1984
	Naganoken-seibu earthquake 1984
	western Nagano earthquake 1984
RT	Ontake
	Nagano City Japan
	Honshu
	Japan
SN	Epicenter at Nagano, central Honshu. Added to Thesaurus in 1989.

Nagano Japan
BT	nshu
	.Nagano Japan
NT	Lake Suwa
	Matsukawa Japan
	Nojiri Lake
RT	Chubu Japan
	Kiso Mountains
	Ontake
	Akaishi Mountains
	Japanese Alps
	Nagano City Japan
	Asama
	Yake-Dake
	Kanto Mountains
	Ryujima
	Yatsugatake
SN	Prefecture, central Honshu.

Nagano Prefecture earthquake 1984
USE	Nagano earthquake 1984

Naganoken-seibu earthquake 1984
USE	Nagano earthquake 1984

Nagasaki Japan
BT	Asia
	.Far East
	..Japan
	...Kyushu
	....Nagasaki Japan
NT	Goto Islands
	Sasebo Japan
	Unzen
RT	Iki Island
SN	City and prefecture in W Kyushu, S Japan.

Nagorno-Karabakh Azerbaijan
BT	Europe
	.Azerbaijan
	..Nagorno-Karabakh Azerbaijan
RT	Lesser Caucasus
SN	Autonomous Oblast. SW Azerbaijan. Formerly Karabakh Mountain Area. Also search Karabakh. This term has multiple hierarchies.

Nagpur India
BT	Asia
	.Indian Peninsula
	..India
	...Maharashtra India
	....Nagpur India
SN	City, district, and division in NE Maharashtra, W central India.

Naha test well
BT	United States
	.Arizona
	..Naha test well
RT	Navajo Indian Reservation
SN	In Navajo Indian Reservation in NE Arizona.

Nahanni earthquake 1985
BT	earthquakes
	.Nahanni earthquake 1985
RT	Canadian Cordillera
	Northwest Territories
SN	SW Northwest Territories, Canada. Added to Thesaurus in 1993.

Nahanni Formation
BT	Chronostratigraphic Units
	.Phanerozoic
	..Paleozoic
	...Devonian
	....Middle Devonian
	.....Nahanni Formation
RT	Canada
	British Columbia
	Yukon Territory
	Northwest Territories
SN	British Columbia, Mackenzie District of Northwest Territories, and Yukon Territory.

nahcolite
BT	carbonates
	.nahcolite

Nahe River
BT	Europe
	.Central Europe
	..Germany
	...Nahe River
RT	Rhineland-Palatinate Germany
	Saar-Nahe Basin
	Saarland Germany
SN	River which flows into Rhine at Bingen. Also search Nahe. Indexed with states as applicable.

Naheola Formation
BT	Chronostratigraphic Units
	.Phanerozoic
	..Cenozoic
	...Paleogene
	....Paleocene
	.....Naheola Formation
RT	Mississippi
	Alabama
	Midway Group
	Oak Hill Member
SN	In Midway Group. S Alabama and E Mississippi. Added to Thesaurus in 1985.

Naiba River basin
USE	Nayba River basin

Nain Anorthosite Massif
USE	Nain Massif

Nain Complex
USE	Nain Massif

Nain Massif
BT	Canada
	.Eastern Canada
	..Newfoundland
	...Labrador
	....Nain Massif
UF	Nain Anorthosite Massif
	Nain Complex
SN	Anorthosite massif.

Nain Newfoundland
BT	Canada
	.Eastern Canada
	..Newfoundland
	...Labrador
	....Nain Newfoundland
RT	Nain Province
SN	Village on central coast of Labrador.

Nain Province
BT	North America
	.Canadian Shield
	..Nain Province
RT	Quebec
	Labrador
	Nain Newfoundland
SN	Structural province of the Canadian Shield in N Labrador and E Quebec. Indexed with Canadian Shield, and Labrador and/or Quebec as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1989.

Naini Tal India
BT	Asia
	.Indian Peninsula
	..India
	...Uttar Pradesh India
	....Naini Tal India
UF	Naini-Tal India
	Nainital India
SN	Town, hill station and district in NE Uttar Pradesh.

Naini-Tal India
USE	Naini Tal India

Nainital India
USE	Naini Tal India

Nairobi Kenya
BT	Africa
	.East Africa
	..Kenya
	...Nairobi Kenya
SN	City in S Kenya.

Naka-no-umi
BT	nshu
	.Naka-no-umi
UF	Nakano umi
	Nakanoumi Lake
RT	Shimane Japan
	Tottori Japan
SN	Inlet of Japan Sea in SW Honshu.

Nakano umi
USE	Naka-no-umi

Nakanoumi Lake
USE	Naka-no-umi

Nakhichevan Azerbaijan
BT	Europe
	.Azerbaijan
	..Nakhichevan Azerbaijan
NT	Ordubad Azerbaijan
SN	Former Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic and town on the Iranian border separated from Azerbaijan proper by a narrow strip of Armenia. This term has multiple hierarchies.

Nakhla Meteorite
BT	meteorites
	.stony meteorites
	..achondrites
	...Martian meteorites
	....SNC Meteorites
	.....nakhlite
	......Nakhla Meteorite
RT	Egypt
SN	Impact at Abu Hommos, Alexandria, Egypt. Diopside-olivine achondrite. Added to Thesaurus in 1989.

Nakhla Qatar
BT	Asia
	.Arabian Peninsula
	..Qatar
	...Nakhla Qatar
SN	Village in Qatar.

nakhlite
BT	meteorites
	.stony meteorites
	..achondrites
	...Martian meteorites
	....SNC Meteorites
	.....nakhlite
NT	Nakhla Meteorite
SN	Added to Thesaurus in 1981.

Naknek Formation
BT	Chronostratigraphic Units
	.Phanerozoic
	..Mesozoic
	...Jurassic
	....Upper Jurassic
	.....Naknek Formation
RT	Alaska
SN	S Alaska. Added to Thesaurus in 1989.

Nakuru Basin
BT	Africa
	.East Africa
	..Kenya
	...Nakuru Basin
SN	In Great Rift Valley in Lake Nakuru area of W central Rift Valley Province. Also search Nakuru.

Nama System
BT	Chronostratigraphic Units
	.Phanerozoic
	..Paleozoic
	...Cambrian
	....Nama System
RT	South Africa
	Namibia
SN	In SW and S Africa.

Namaland
USE	Namaqualand

Namaqualand
BT	Africa
	.Southern Africa
	..Namaqualand
UF	Namaland
RT	Namibia
	Cape Province region
	Northern Cape Province South Africa
SN	Coastal region of sandy plains and bare hills. Indexed with Northern Cape Province South Africa and/or Namibia as applicable.

Namaqualand metamorphic complex
BT	Africa
	.Southern Africa
	..Namaqualand metamorphic complex
RT	South Africa
	Namibia
	Cape Province region
	Northern Cape Province South Africa
SN	Proterozoic. Namibia and Northern Cape Province, South Africa. Indexed with country as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1993.

Namib Desert
BT	Africa
	.Southern Africa
	..Namibia
	...Namib Desert
SN	Arid region extending along entire coast.

Namibe Angola
BT	Africa
	.Central Africa
	..Angola
	...Namibe Angola
RT	Mossamedes
SN	Province, formerly Mocamedes, including the city in SW Angola. Also search Mossamedes or Mocamedes.

Namibia
BT	Africa
	.Southern Africa
	..Namibia
NT	Karibib Namibia
	Luderitz Namibia
	Namib Desert
	Otavi Namibia
	Tsumeb Namibia
	Walvis Bay
	Walvis Bay Namibia
	Windhoek Namibia
UF	German Southwest Africa
	South-West Africa
RT	Dwyka Formation
	Karroo Supergroup
	Table Mountain Group
	Zambezi Valley
	Kaapvaal Craton
	Beaufort Group
	Kalahari Desert
	Namaqualand
	Namaqualand metamorphic complex
	Damara Orogeny
	Damara System
	Orange River
	Gibeon Meteorite
	Nama System
	Pongola Supergroup
SN	As of 1981, this term replaces South-West Africa. Added to Thesaurus in 1981.

Namjagbarwa, Mount
USE	Mount Namjagbarwa

Namur Belgium
BT	Europe
	.Western Europe
	..Belgium
	...Namur Belgium
NT	Dinant Basin
	Dinant Belgium
SN	Province in S Belgium.

Namurian
BT	Chronostratigraphic Units
	.Phanerozoic
	..Paleozoic
	...Carboniferous
	....Upper Carboniferous
	.....Namurian
SN	Europe.

Nan Hai
USE	South China Sea

Nan Ling
USE	Nanling

Nan-king
SN	Not a valid term for GeoRef. See Nanjing China.

Nanafalia Formation
BT	Chronostratigraphic Units
	.Phanerozoic
	..Cenozoic
	...Paleogene
	....Eocene
	.....lower Eocene
	......Nanafalia Formation
RT	Mississippi
	Alabama
	Georgia
	Wilcox Group
SN	In Wilcox Group. S Alabama, SW Georgia and E Mississippi. Added to Thesaurus in 1985.

Nanaimo Group
RT	British Columbia
	Eocene
	K-T boundary
	Paleocene
	Upper Cretaceous
	Washington
SN	Upper Cretaceous to Eocene. NW Washington and SW British Columbia. Indexed with ages as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1985.

Nanao Japan
BT	Asia
	.Far East
	..Japan
	...Ishikawa Japan
	....Nanao Japan
RT	Honshu
	Noto Peninsula
SN	City on E side of Noto Peninsula, W coast of Honshu. Indexed with Honshu.

Nance County Nebraska
BT	United States
	.Nebraska
	..Nance County Nebraska

Nandewar Mountains
BT	Australasia
	.Australia
	..New South Wales Australia
	...Nandewar Mountains
SN	Range in NE New South Wales.

Nanga Parbat
BT	Asia
	.Indian Peninsula
	..Jammu and Kashmir
	...Kashmir
	....Nanga Parbat
BT	Asia
	.Himalayas
	..Nanga Parbat
SN	High mountain of W Punjab Himalayas. This term has multiple hierarchies. Indexed with India and/or Pakistan as applicable.

Nanjemoy Formation
BT	Chronostratigraphic Units
	.Phanerozoic
	..Cenozoic
	...Paleogene
	....Eocene
	.....Nanjemoy Formation
RT	Virginia
	Maryland
SN	Lower and middle Eocene. In Pamunkey Group. Includes Potapaco Clay Member, Woodstock Greensand, Marlboro Clay Member. E Maryland and E Virginia.

Nanjing China
BT	Asia
	.Far East
	..China
	...Jiangsu China
	....Nanjing China
SN	City in Jiangsu, E China.

Nankai Trough
BT	Pacific Ocean
	.North Pacific
	..Northwest Pacific
	...Nankai Trough
RT	Philippine Sea
	DSDP Site 297
	DSDP Site 298
	DSDP Site 582
	Leg 87
	DSDP Site 583
	Nankaido earthquake 1946
SN	Off SE Japan. This term has multiple hierarchies. Added to Thesaurus in 1985.

Nankaido earthquake 1946
BT	earthquakes
	.Nankaido earthquake 1946
RT	Japan
	Pacific Ocean
	Northwest Pacific
	Nankai Trough
SN	Nankai Trough, NW Pacific.

Nanling
BT	Asia
	.Far East
	..China
	...Nanling
UF	Nan Ling
RT	Guangxi China
	Guangdong China
	Hunan China
	Jiangxi China
SN	Mountain system in S central and E China. Separates Guangdong and Guangxi from Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. Indexed with provinces as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1989.

Nannoconus
BT	Plantae
	.algae
	..nannofossils
	...Nannoconus
RT	microfossils
SN	Genus. Indexed with microfossils if applicable.

nannofossils
BT	Plantae
	.algae
	..nannofossils
NT	Braarudosphaeridae
	Discoasteridae
	Helicopontosphaera
	Nannoconus
	Sphenolithus
UF	calcareous nannofossils
RT	microfossils
	fossils
	biostratigraphy
	problematic fossils
	Coccolithophoraceae
SN	Treated as a systematic name. Indexed with microfossils if applicable.

nannoplankton
BT	plankton
	.nannoplankton
SN	Added to Thesaurus in 1989.

Nansei-shoto
USE	Ryukyu Islands

Nansen-Gakkel Ridge
USE	Mid-Arctic Ocean Ridge

Nantes France
BT	Europe
	.Western Europe
	..France
	...Loire-Atlantique France
	....Nantes France
SN	City on the Loire River in central Loire-Atlantique, W France.

Nantucket (Island)
USE	Nantucket Island

Nantucket County Massachusetts
BT	United States
	.Massachusetts
	..Nantucket County Massachusetts

Nantucket Island
BT	United States
	.Massachusetts
	..Nantucket Island
UF	Nantucket (Island)
SN	In Atlantic Ocean, S of Cape Cod. Also search Nantucket.

Nantuo Formation
BT	Chronostratigraphic Units
	.Precambrian
	..Proterozoic
	...Sinian
	....Nantuo Formation
RT	China
SN	Added to Thesaurus in 1989.

Nanushuk Group
BT	Chronostratigraphic Units
	.Phanerozoic
	..Mesozoic
	...Cretaceous
	....Nanushuk Group
RT	Alaska
SN	N Alaska. Added to Thesaurus in 1985.

NaOH
USE	sodium hydroxide

Napa County California
BT	United States
	.California
	..Napa County California
NT	Calistoga California
RT	San Francisco Bay region
	Old Faithful Geyser
	Homestake Mine
SN	W California.

naphthalene
BT	organic compounds
	.hydrocarbons
	..aromatic hydrocarbons
	...polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
	....naphthalene
SN	Added to Thesaurus in 1989.

Napier Complex
BT	Chronostratigraphic Units
	.Precambrian
	..Archean
	...Napier Complex
RT	Antarctica
	Enderby Land
SN	Enderby Land and Tonagh Island, Antarctica. Added to Thesaurus in 1989.

Napierville County Quebec
BT	Canada
	.Eastern Canada
	..Quebec
	...Napierville County Quebec

Naples Italy
BT	Europe
	.Southern Europe
	..Italy
	...Campania Italy
	....Naples Italy
NT	Ischia
UF	Napoli Italy
SN	Province and city on the Tyrrhenian Sea in W Campania, S Italy.

NAPLs
USE	nonaqueous phase liquids

Napoli Italy
USE	Naples Italy

nappe (volcanic)
USE	lava flows

nappes
RT	allochthons
	displacements
	faults
	folds
	gravity sliding
	klippen
	orientation
	overthrust faults
	recumbent folds
	tectonics

Nara Japan
BT	nshu
	.Nara Japan
RT	Kinki Japan
	Kii Peninsula
SN	City and prefecture E of Osaka in W central Honshu.

Narbada River
USE	Narmada River

Narbada Valley
USE	Narmada Valley

Narbonne France
BT	Europe
	.Western Europe
	..France
	...Aude France
	....Narbonne France
SN	City near the Mediterranean Sea in E Aude, S France.

Nares abyssal plain
BT	Atlantic Ocean
	.North Atlantic
	..Nares abyssal plain
SN	NW Atlantic. Added to Thesaurus in 1989.

Nares Strait
BT	Arctic Ocean
	.Nares Strait
RT	Greenland
	Ellesmere Island
	Northwest Territories
	Baffin Bay
SN	Part of the Arctic Ocean, connecting Lincoln Sea to Baffin Bay between E Ellesmere Island, NW Greenland and NW Baffin Bay. Added to Thesaurus in 1989.

Nari Series
BT	Chronostratigraphic Units
	.Phanerozoic
	..Cenozoic
	...Paleogene
	....Oligocene
	.....Nari Series
RT	India
	Gujarat India
	Pakistan
	Sind Pakistan
SN	Underlies the Gaj and overlies the Khirthar Series.

Narita Formation
BT	Chronostratigraphic Units
	.Phanerozoic
	..Cenozoic
	...Neogene
	....Pliocene
	.....Narita Formation
RT	Honshu
	Japan
SN	Tokyo Bay area.

Narizian
BT	Chronostratigraphic Units
	.Phanerozoic
	..Cenozoic
	...Paleogene
	....Eocene
	.....Narizian
RT	upper Eocene
	middle Eocene
SN	North America. Above Ulatisian, below Fresnian.

Narmada River
BT	Asia
	.Indian Peninsula
	..India
	...Narmada River
UF	Narbada River
	Nerbudda River
RT	Gujarat India
	Madhya Pradesh India
	Narmada-Son Lineament
SN	Rises in the Maikala Range in Madhya Pradesh and flows W into Gulf of Cambay. Also search Narmada. Indexed with states as applicable.

Narmada Valley
BT	Asia
	.Indian Peninsula
	..India
	...Narmada Valley
UF	Narbada Valley
	Nerbuda Valley
RT	Gujarat India
	Madhya Pradesh India
	Narmada-Son Lineament
SN	River valley. Indexed with states as applicable.

Narmada-Son Lineament
BT	Asia
	.Indian Peninsula
	..India
	...Narmada-Son Lineament
RT	Gujarat India
	Madhya Pradesh India
	Son Valley
	Narmada River
	Narmada Valley
SN	W and central India. Follows line of Narmada and Son rivers. Indexed with states as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1993.

Narnaul India
BT	ryana India
	.Narnaul India
SN	Town 80 miles WSW of Delhi in S Haryana, N central India.

Narpaign Fjord
USE	Narpaing Fjord

Narpaing Fiord
USE	Narpaing Fjord

Narpaing Fjord
BT	Canada
	.Eastern Canada
	..Baffin Island
	...Narpaing Fjord
UF	Narpaign Fjord
	Narpaing Fiord
RT	Davis Strait
SN	Narrow inlet of Davis Strait on Baffin Island. This term has multiple hierarchies.

Narrabeen Group
BT	Chronostratigraphic Units
	.Phanerozoic
	..Mesozoic
	...Triassic
	....Narrabeen Group
RT	Australia
	New South Wales Australia
SN	Includes the Gosford Formation and Clifton Sub-Group. N of Sydney.

Narragansett Basin
BT	United States
	.Narragansett Basin
RT	Massachusetts
	Rhode Island
	New England
SN	S New England. Indexed with states as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1985.

Narragansett Bay
BT	United States
	.Rhode Island
	..Narragansett Bay
SN	Inlet of Atlantic Ocean in SE Rhode Island.

Narragansett Pier Granite
BT	Chronostratigraphic Units
	.Phanerozoic
	..Paleozoic
	...upper Paleozoic
	....Narragansett Pier Granite
RT	Permian
	Pennsylvanian
	New York
	Connecticut
	Rhode Island
SN	E Connecticut, NE New York and S Rhode Island. Indexed with ages as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1989.

Narrows
RT	Long Island
	New York City New York
	New York
	North Atlantic
	Staten Island
SN	Strait between W end of Long Island and Staten Island separating Upper New York Bay from Lower New York Bay. Search in combination with New York. Indexed with regions as applicable.

Narugo Japan
BT	nshu
	.Narugo Japan
RT	geothermal fields
SN	Town and geothermal area in N Honshu.

Narvik Norway
BT	Europe
	.Western Europe
	..Scandinavia
	...Norway
	....Nordland Norway
	.....Narvik Norway
SN	City on Ofot Fjord in N Nordland, N Norway.

Narym Russian Federation
BT	Commonwealth of Independent States
	.Russian Federation
	..Tomsk Russian Federation
	...Narym Russian Federation
SN	Village on Ob River in central Tomsk Oblast in W central Siberia. Before 1993, Narym Russian Republic was also used. This term has multiple hierarchies.

Naryn Kyrgyzstan
BT	Asia
	.Kyrgyzstan
	..Naryn Kyrgyzstan
SN	Oblast and town in SE Kyrgyzstan. This term has multiple hierarchies.

NASA
BT	government agencies
	.NASA
UF	National Aeronautics and Space Administration
RT	United States
SN	Acronym. Added to Thesaurus in 1985.

Nasca Plate
USE	Nazca Plate

Nash County North Carolina
BT	United States
	.North Carolina
	..Nash County North Carolina

Nash Fork-Mullen Creek shear zone
USE	Mullen Creek-Nash Fork shear zone

Nashville Dome
BT	United States
	.Nashville Dome
RT	Kentucky
	Alabama
	Tennessee
SN	Indexed with states as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1989.

Nashville Tennessee
BT	United States
	.Tennessee
	..Davidson County Tennessee
	...Nashville Tennessee
SN	City on Cumberland River in central Tennessee.

Nasliden Mine
BT	Europe
	.Western Europe
	..Scandinavia
	...Sweden
	....Vasterbotten Sweden
	.....Nasliden Mine
RT	mines
	base metals
	Boliden Sweden
SN	Base metals. NE Vasterbotten, Sweden. Added to Thesaurus in 1985.

Nassau County Florida
BT	United States
	.Florida
	..Nassau County Florida
SN	On the Atlantic Ocean in extreme NE Florida.

Nassau County New York
BT	United States
	.New York
	..Nassau County New York
NT	Bay Park New York
RT	Long Island
SN	SE New York.

Nassellaria
USE	Nassellina

Nassellina
BT	Invertebrata
	.Protista
	..Radiolaria
	...Osculosida
	....Nassellina
UF	Nassellaria
RT	microfossils
SN	Suborder. Indexed with microfossils if applicable.

nasturan
USE	pitchblende

Nasu (dake)
USE	Nasudake

Nasu Mountain
USE	Nasudake

Nasudake
BT	nshu
	.Nasudake
UF	Nasu (dake)
	Nasu Mountain
RT	Fukushima Japan
	volcanoes
	Tochigi Japan
SN	Volcanic peak NE of Nikko in N central Honshu. Indexed with prefecture or prefectures as applicable.

nat

Natal South Africa
USE	KwaZulu-Natal South Africa

Natchitoches Parish Louisiana
BT	United States
	.Louisiana
	..Natchitoches Parish Louisiana

Naticidae
BT	Invertebrata
	.Mollusca
	..Gastropoda
	...Naticidae
SN	Family.

national

National Aeronautics and Space Administration
USE	NASA

National Coal Resources Data System
UF	NCRDS
RT	United States
	coal
	data bases
SN	Added to Thesaurus in 1985.

national forests
BT	public lands
	.national forests
RT	land use
	conservation
	Coronado National Forest
	forests
	Teton National Forest

national monuments
BT	public lands
	.national monuments
RT	national parks
	Badlands National Park
	Craters of the Moon
	Marble Canyon
	Death Valley
	Dinosaur National Monument
	White Sands
	wilderness areas
	Glacier Bay National Park
	Katmai National Park
	Pinnacles National Monument
SN	Added to Thesaurus in 1989.

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
USE	NOAA

national parks
BT	public lands
	.national parks
RT	Denali National Park
	conservation
	Arches National Park
	Badlands National Park
	Banff National Park
	Bialowieza
	Big Bend National Park
	Canyonlands National Park
	Grand Canyon
	Fiordland National Park
	Glacier Bay National Park
	Glacier National Park
	Grand Teton
SN	Added to Thesaurus in 1985.

National Petroleum Reserve Alaska
BT	United States
	.Alaska
	..Northern Alaska
	...National Petroleum Reserve Alaska
UF	National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska
	NPRA
RT	North Slope
SN	North Slope, N Alaska.

National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska
USE	National Petroleum Reserve Alaska

national policy
USE	public policy

National Science Foundation
USE	NSF

National Uranium Resource Evaluation Program
USE	NURE

National Water Data Exchange
USE	NAWDEX

National Water Information System-II
USE	NWIS-II

National Water-Quality Assessment Program
USE	NAWQA

native elements
NT	carbonado
	chaoite
	diamond
	graphite
	lonsdaleite
RT	alloys
	antimony
	antimony ores
	arsenic
	arsenic ores
	bismuth
	bismuth ores
	copper
	copper ores
	gold
	gold ores
	iron
	iron ores
	mercury
	mercury ores
	metal ores
	metals
	minerals
	nonmetal deposits
	nonmetals
	silver
	silver ores
	sulfur
	sulfur deposits
SN	Before 1981, search native elements and alloys. As of 1981, minerals that were classified under native elements and alloys are included here or under alloys.

native elements and alloys
SN	As of 1981, no longer a valid term for GeoRef. Use native elements or alloys as applicable.

natrium
USE	sodium

natroalunite
BT	sulfates
	.natroalunite
UF	almeriite
RT	alunitization

natroborocalcite
USE	ulexite

natrolite
BT	silicates
	.framework silicates
	..zeolite group
	...natrolite

Natrona County Wyoming
BT	United States
	.Wyoming
	..Natrona County Wyoming
NT	Casper Wyoming
RT	Rattlesnake Hills
	Casper Mountain
	Gas Hills
	Granite Mountains
	Teapot Dome
SN	Central Wyoming.

natural
SN	A valid index term through 1977.

natural analogs
UF	analogs, natural
	analogues, natural
RT	models
	modern analogs
	homology
	interplanetary comparison
	terrestrial comparison
	systems analogs
SN	Also search natural reactors if applicable. See comparison. Added to Thesaurus in 1995.

natural bridges
USE	natural curiosities

natural coke
USE	coke coal

natural curiosities
UF	natural bridges
RT	bridges
	geomorphology
	erosion features
	popular geology
	solution features
SN	Added to Thesaurus in 1981.

natural dams
BT	dams
	.natural dams
NT	ice dams
RT	geomorphology
	geologic hazards
	mass movements
SN	Also search specific material such as debris flows, landslides, lava. Added to Thesaurus in 1995.

natural gas
BT	petroleum
	.natural gas
NT	coalbed methane
RT	hydrocarbons
	offshore
	Eastern Gas Shales Project
	energy sources
	gas hydrates
	gases
	Karachaganak Field
	clathrates
	degasification
	methane
	gas seeps
	condensates
	gas sands
	giant fields
	hydrogen sulfide
	gas storage
	gas-water interface
	gasification
	oil and gas
SN	Before 1977, also search natural AND gas. See list A for searching category codes. Commodity. See List C.

Natural History Museum of London
USE	British Museum

natural materials
RT	materials
	synthetic materials
SN	Used with minerals only to distinguish from synthetic materials. It is not used for natural materials which are rocks, sediments, isotopes, or commodities. Added to Thesaurus in 1968.

natural recharge
RT	artificial recharge
	ground water
	recharge
SN	Added to Thesaurus in 1982.

natural remanence
USE	natural remanent magnetization

natural remanent magnetism
USE	natural remanent magnetization

natural remanent magnetization
BT	magnetization
	.remanent magnetization
	..natural remanent magnetization
UF	natural remanence
	natural remanent magnetism
	NRM
RT	paleomagnetism
	magnetic field
	characteristic remanent magnetization
	remagnetization

natural resources
RT	conservation
	depletion
	endangered species
	environmental geology
	geologic sites
	land cover maps
	land management
	land use
	public lands
	rain forests
	reclamation
	Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
	resources
	utilization
	wilderness areas

natural selection

Naturaliste Plateau
BT	Indian Ocean
	.Naturaliste Plateau
RT	Leg 28
	Leg 26
	DSDP Site 258
	DSDP Site 264
SN	SE Indian ocean off SW Australia. Added to Thesaurus in 1995.

naturally fractured reservoirs
RT	fractures
	fracturing
	petroleum
	petroleum engineering
	reservoir properties
	reservoir rocks
	reservoirs
SN	Sometimes difficult to determine. Also search (reservoir rocks OR subsurface reservoirs OR reservoirs OR reservoir properties) AND (petroleum OR natural gas OR geothermal energy, as applicable) AND fractures. Added to Thesaurus in 1989.

Naubug
RT	India
	Jammu and Kashmir
	Pakistan
SN	Village SE of Srinager in S Jammu and Kashmir, disputed territory between India and Pakistan. Before 1993, India was a broader term. Indexed with Jammu and Kashmir AND India and/or Pakistan as applicable.

naujaite
BT	igneous rocks
	.plutonic rocks
	..syenites
	...naujaite

Nauru Basin
BT	Pacific Ocean
	.West Pacific
	..Nauru Basin
RT	Equatorial Pacific
	DSDP Site 462
	Leg 61
	Leg 89
	Nauru Island
SN	W Equatorial Pacific Ocean, N and W of Nauru Island. Added to Thesaurus in 1985.

Nauru Island
BT	Oceania
	.Micronesia
	..Nauru Island
UF	Pleasant Island
RT	Nauru Basin
SN	Added to Thesaurus in 1981.

Nautiloidea
BT	Invertebrata
	.Mollusca
	..Cephalopoda
	...Tetrabranchiata
	....Nautiloidea
NT	Aturia
	Hercoglossa danica
	Nautilus
RT	Bactritida

Nautilus
BT	Invertebrata
	.Mollusca
	..Cephalopoda
	...Tetrabranchiata
	....Nautiloidea
	.....Nautilus
SN	Genus.

Navajo

Navajo County Arizona
BT	United States
	.Arizona
	..Navajo County Arizona
NT	Holbrook Arizona
	Hopi Buttes Field
RT	Black Mesa
	Petrified Forest National Park
	Rio Puerco
	Black Mesa Basin
SN	E Arizona.

Navajo Indian Reservation
BT	United States
	.Navajo Indian Reservation
RT	New Mexico
	Utah
	Arizona
	Indian reservations
	Naha test well
SN	NE Arizona, NW New Mexico, and SE Utah. Indexed with states as applicable.

Navajo Sandstone
BT	Chronostratigraphic Units
	.Phanerozoic
	..Mesozoic
	...Navajo Sandstone
RT	Jurassic
	Upper Triassic
	New Mexico
	Utah
	Colorado
	Arizona
	Glen Canyon Group
	Nugget Sandstone
SN	In Glen Canyon Group. Upper Triassic(?) and Jurassic. N Arizona, W Colorado, NW New Mexico, and SE Utah.

Navarin Basin
BT	Pacific Ocean
	.North Pacific
	..Bering Sea
	...Navarin Basin
BT	Pacific Ocean
	.North Pacific
	..Northeast Pacific
	...Navarin Basin
SN	N Bering Sea. This term has multiple hierarchies. Added to Thesaurus in 1985.

Navarra Spain
BT	Europe
	.Southern Europe
	..Iberian Peninsula
	...Spain
	....Navarra Spain
NT	Asturreta
	Pamplona Spain
RT	Navarre
SN	Former kingdom and now an autonomous community and province in NE Spain. Also search Navarre and Spain.

Navarre
BT	Europe
	.Western Europe
	..Navarre
RT	France
	Spain
	Asturreta
	Navarra Spain
	Pyrenees-Atlantiques France
	Pamplona Spain
SN	Former kingdom and province of N Spain including Navarra Spain and Pyrenees-Atlantiques France. Before 1981, search Navarre AND France. Indexed with Navarra Spain AND/OR Pyrenees-Atlantiques France as applicable.

Navarro County Texas
BT	United States
	.Texas
	..Navarro County Texas

Navarro Group
BT	Chronostratigraphic Units
	.Phanerozoic
	..Mesozoic
	...Cretaceous
	....Upper Cretaceous
	.....Gulfian
	......Navarro Group
RT	Texas
	Escondido Formation
	Olmos Formation
SN	E Texas. Added to Thesaurus in 1985.

Navesink Formation
BT	Chronostratigraphic Units
	.Phanerozoic
	..Mesozoic
	...Cretaceous
	....Upper Cretaceous
	.....Navesink Formation
RT	Delaware
	New Jersey
	Monmouth Group
SN	In Monmouth Group.

Navicula
BT	Plantae
	.algae
	..diatoms
	...Navicula
RT	microfossils
SN	Indexed with microfossils if applicable.

navigation
RT	Doppler effect
	geophysical methods
	marine methods
	orientation
	remote sensing
	waterways
SN	Indexed with specific methods if applicable.

NAVSTAR GPS
USE	Global Positioning System

NAWDEX
UF	National Water Data Exchange
RT	United States
	ground water
	data processing
	water resources
	hydrology
	data bases
	NAWQA
SN	Acronym. Added to Thesaurus in 1985.

NAWQA
UF	National Water-Quality Assessment Program
RT	United States
	U. S. Geological Survey
	hydrogeology
	water quality
	programs
	NAWDEX
SN	Acronym. U. S. Geological Survey program. Added to Thesaurus in 1995.

Naxos
BT	Mediterranean region
	.Aegean Islands
	..Greek Aegean Islands
	...Cyclades
	....Naxos
SN	Largest island of the Cyclades in the Aegean Sea. This term has multiple hierarchies.

Nayarit Mexico
BT	Mexico
	.Nayarit Mexico
NT	Sanganguey
RT	Guerrero Terrane
	Sierra Madre Occidental
	Mexican volcanic belt
	Jalisco Block
	Rivera Plate
SN	State in W Mexico.

Nayba River basin
BT	Commonwealth of Independent States
	.Russian Federation
	..Nayba River basin
BT	Asia
	.Nayba River basin
UF	Naiba River basin
RT	Sakhalin
SN	S Sakhalin Island. Also search Nayba. This term has multiple hierarchies.

Nazca Plate
UF	Nasca Plate
RT	plate tectonics
	plates
	Pacific Ocean
	Chile Margin Triple Junction
	Galapagos Rift
	DSDP Site 320
	DSDP Site 321
SN	S of the Galapagos Islands. Indexed with geographic area and/or age as applicable.

Nazca Ridge
BT	Pacific Ocean
	.South Pacific
	..Southeast Pacific
	...Nazca Ridge
SN	SW of Peru. This term has multiple hierarchies. Added to Thesaurus in 1981.

Nb
USE	niobium

Nchanga Zambia
BT	Africa
	.East Africa
	..Zambia
	...Nchanga Zambia
SN	Mining township in N near border with Congo Democratic Republic.

NCRDS
USE	National Coal Resources Data System

Nd
USE	neodymium

Nd-143/Nd-144
USE	Nd-144/Nd-143

Nd-144/Nd-143
BT	isotopes
	.stable isotopes
	..Nd-144/Nd-143
BT	metals
	.rare earths
	..neodymium
	...Nd-144/Nd-143
UF	Nd-143/Nd-144
RT	isotope ratios
SN	This term has multiple hierarchies.

Nd/Nd
RT	absolute age
	isotope ratios
	neodymium
SN	Isotopic ratio used for age determination. Added to Thesaurus in 1995.

Nd/Sm
USE	Sm/Nd

Nd/Sr
SN	Not a valid term for GeoRef. See Nd/Nd and Sr/Sr for dating. See neodymium and strontium respectively for isotope ratios for use in other studies. Use specific ratios if known (Note added 1995.).

Ne
USE	neon

Ne-20
BT	isotopes
	.stable isotopes
	..Ne-20
BT	noble gases
	.neon
	..Ne-20
RT	Ne-22/Ne-20
SN	This term has multiple hierarchies.

Ne-20/Ne-22
USE	Ne-22/Ne-20

Ne-21
BT	isotopes
	.stable isotopes
	..Ne-21
BT	noble gases
	.neon
	..Ne-21
RT	Ne-22/Ne-21
SN	This term has multiple hierarchies.

Ne-21/Ne-22
USE	Ne-22/Ne-21

Ne-22
BT	isotopes
	.stable isotopes
	..Ne-22
BT	noble gases
	.neon
	..Ne-22
RT	Ne-22/Ne-20
	Ne-22/Ne-21
SN	This term has multiple hierarchies.

Ne-22/

Ne-22/Ne-20
BT	isotopes
	.stable isotopes
	..Ne-22/Ne-20
BT	noble gases
	.neon
	..Ne-22/Ne-20
UF	Ne-20/Ne-22
RT	isotope ratios
	Ne-20
	Ne-22
SN	This term has multiple hierarchies.

Ne-22/Ne-21
BT	isotopes
	.stable isotopes
	..Ne-22/Ne-21
BT	noble gases
	.neon
	..Ne-22/Ne-21
UF	Ne-21/Ne-22
RT	isotope ratios
	Ne-21
	Ne-22
SN	This term has multiple hierarchies.

Neanderthal
USE	Homo sapiens neanderthalensis

Neanderthal man
USE	Homo sapiens neanderthalensis

Near Earth Asteroid Rendezvous Program
USE	NEAR Program

Near East
RT	Cyprus
	Egypt
	Greece
	Iraq
	Jordan
	Kuwait
	Libya
	Oman
	Qatar
	Sudan
	Syria
	Turkey
	United Arab Emirates
	Yemen
SN	An indefinite and unofficial term including the countries of the Middle East plus Libya, Sudan, and occasionally Greece. Indexed with countries as applicable.

NEAR Program
UF	Near Earth Asteroid Rendezvous Program
RT	asteroids
	Eros Asteroid
SN	First mission of NASA's Discovery Program scheduled to orbit 433 Eros Asteroid in 1999.

near-field
UF	near-field environment
	nearfield processes
RT	seismology
	pollution
	ground water
	waste disposal
	seismic methods
	seepage
	near-field spectra
	underground installations
	landfills
	far-field
	underground disposal
	underground storage
SN	Includes use in relation to radioactive waste and waste disposal and seismology. Added to Thesaurus in 1993.

near-field environment
USE	near-field

near-field spectra
RT	attenuation
	far-field
	geophysical methods
	near-field
	seismic methods
	seismology
	spectral analysis
SN	Added to Thesaurus in 1985.

near-infrared spectra
BT	spectra
	.near-infrared spectra
RT	spectroscopy
	chemical analysis
	remote sensing
	infrared spectra
SN	Before 1978, also search near-infrared and spectra. Added to Thesaurus in 1995.

nearfield processes
USE	near-field

nearshore
SN	A valid term through 1977. After 1977, use nearshore environment or (as of 1981) nearshore sedimentation.

nearshore environment
RT	coastal environment
	depositional environment
	lacustrine environment
	littoral erosion
	marine environment
	nearshore sedimentation
	sedimentation
	terrestrial environment
	tidal currents
SN	Before 1978, search nearshore.

nearshore sedimentation
BT	sedimentation
	.nearshore sedimentation
RT	nearshore environment
SN	Added to Thesaurus in 1981.

Nebraska
BT	United States
	.Nebraska
NT	Adams County Nebraska
	Antelope County Nebraska
	Arthur County Nebraska
	Banner County Nebraska
	Blaine County Nebraska
	Boone County Nebraska
	Box Butte County Nebraska
	Boyd County Nebraska
	Brown County Nebraska
	Buffalo County Nebraska
	Burt County Nebraska
	Butler County Nebraska
	Cass County Nebraska
	Cedar County Nebraska
	Chase County Nebraska
	Cherry County Nebraska
	Cheyenne County Nebraska
	Clay County Nebraska
	Colfax County Nebraska
	Cuming County Nebraska
	Custer County Nebraska
	Dakota County Nebraska
	Dawes County Nebraska
	Dawson County Nebraska
	Deuel County Nebraska
	Dixon County Nebraska
	Dodge County Nebraska
	Douglas County Nebraska
	Dundy County Nebraska
	Fillmore County Nebraska
	Franklin County Nebraska
	Frontier County Nebraska
	Furnas County Nebraska
	Gage County Nebraska
	Garden County Nebraska
	Garfield County Nebraska
	Gosper County Nebraska
	Grant County Nebraska
	Greeley County Nebraska
	Hall County Nebraska
	Hamilton County Nebraska
	Harlan County Nebraska
	Hayes County Nebraska
	Hitchcock County Nebraska
	Holt County Nebraska
	Hooker County Nebraska
	Howard County Nebraska
	Jefferson County Nebraska
	Johnson County Nebraska
	Kearney County Nebraska
	Keith County Nebraska
	Keya Paha County Nebraska
	Kimball County Nebraska
	Knox County Nebraska
	Lancaster County Nebraska
	Lincoln County Nebraska
	Logan County Nebraska
	Loup County Nebraska
	Madison County Nebraska
	McPherson County Nebraska
	Merrick County Nebraska
	Morrill County Nebraska
	Nance County Nebraska
	Nemaha County Nebraska
	Nuckolls County Nebraska
	Otoe County Nebraska
	Pawnee County Nebraska
	Perkins County Nebraska
	Phelps County Nebraska
	Pierce County Nebraska
	Platte County Nebraska
	Polk County Nebraska
	Red Willow County Nebraska
	Richardson County Nebraska
	Rock County Nebraska
	Saline County Nebraska
	Sarpy County Nebraska
	Saunders County Nebraska
	Scotts Bluff County Nebraska
	Seward County Nebraska
	Sheridan County Nebraska
	Sherman County Nebraska
	Sioux County Nebraska
	Stanton County Nebraska
	Thayer County Nebraska
	Thomas County Nebraska
	Thurston County Nebraska
	Valley County Nebraska
	Washington County Nebraska
	Wayne County Nebraska
	Webster County Nebraska
	Wheeler County Nebraska
	York County Nebraska
RT	Americus Limestone Member
	Ash Hollow Formation
	Beil Limestone Member
	Colorado Group
	Benton Formation
	Carlile Shale
	Cherokee Group
	Brule Formation
	Cambridge Arch
	Chadron Arch
	Chadron Formation
	Chase Group
	Colorado Lineament
	Cottonwood Limestone
	Council Gro

Nebraskan
BT	Chronostratigraphic Units
	.Phanerozoic
	..Cenozoic
	...Quarternary
	....Pleistocene
	.....Lower Pleistocene
	......Nebraskan
SN	Pertaining to first glacial stage of Pleistocene Epoch in North America.

Nebrodi Mountains
BT	Europe
	.Southern Europe
	..Italy
	...Sicily Italy
	....Nebrodi Mountains
UF	Monti Caronie
SN	N Sicily.

nebula, solar
USE	solar nebula

Neckar River
BT	Europe
	.Central Europe
	..Germany
	...Baden-Wurttemberg Germany
	....Neckar River
SN	Rises in the Black Forest and flows N past Heidelberg into the Rhine River. Also search Neckar.

necks, volcanic
USE	volcanic necks

Neda Formation
BT	Chronostratigraphic Units
	.Phanerozoic
	..Paleozoic
	...Ordovician
	....Upper Ordovician
	.....Neda Formation
RT	Iowa
	Wisconsin
SN	SE Wisconsin and NE Iowa. Added to Thesaurus in 1985.

Needle Mountains
BT	United States
	.Colorado
	..Needle Mountains
RT	La Plata County Colorado
	San Juan County Colorado
SN	San Juan and La Plata counties, SW Colorado. Indexed with counties as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1989.

Needles California
BT	United States
	.California
	..San Bernardino County California
	...Needles California
SN	Town on the Colorado River in SE California.

Neftechala Azerbaijan
BT	Europe
	.Azerbaijan
	..Neftechala Azerbaijan
SN	Town in SE Azerbaijan. This term has multiple hierarchies.

Neftyanyye Kamni
BT	Europe
	.Azerbaijan
	..Neftyanyye Kamni
RT	petroleum
	Caspian Sea
SN	Oil well in Caspian Sea off Apsheron Peninsula. This term has multiple hierarchies.

Negaunee Iron Formation
BT	Chronostratigraphic Units
	.Precambrian
	..Proterozoic
	...Negaunee Iron Formation
RT	Michigan
SN	Upper Peninsula, N Michigan. In Menominee Group.

Negev
BT	Asia
	.Middle East
	..Israel
	...Negev
UF	Negev Desert
RT	Beer Sheva Israel
	Makhtesh Ramon
	Timna
SN	Desert region in S Israel.

Negev Desert
USE	Negev

negotiations
RT	economics
	international cooperation
SN	Usually out-of-scope for GeoRef. Added to Thesaurus in 1981.

Negro River
USE	Rio Negro

Nei Monggol China
USE	Inner Mongolia China

Nei Mongol China
USE	Inner Mongolia China

neighborite
BT	halides
	.fluorides
	..neighborite

Neill Island
RT	Andaman Islands
SN	Small island E of South Andaman Island in the Andaman Islands in E Bay of Bengal. Also search Neill AND appropriate area term. Indexed with Andaman Islands as applicable.

Neiveli India
USE	Neyveli India

Nellore India
BT	Asia
	.Indian Peninsula
	..India
	...Andhra Pradesh India
	....Nellore India
SN	City in SE Andhra Pradesh, central India.

Nellore mica belt
BT	Asia
	.Indian Peninsula
	..India
	...Andhra Pradesh India
	....Nellore mica belt
SN	In Nellore area, central India.

Nelson County Kentucky
BT	United States
	.Kentucky
	..Nelson County Kentucky
SN	Central Kentucky.

Nelson County North Dakota
BT	United States
	.North Dakota
	..Nelson County North Dakota
SN	E central North Dakota.

Nelson County Virginia
BT	United States
	.Virginia
	..Nelson County Virginia
SN	Central Virginia.

Nelson Ne

Nelson New Zealand
BT	Australasia
	.New Zealand
	..Nelson New Zealand
NT	Inangahua New Zealand
RT	South Island
SN	Provincial district in NW South Island. Also index South Island.

Nelson River
BT	Canada
	.Western Canada
	..Manitoba
	...Nelson River
SN	Flows NE out of N Lake Winnipeg into Hudson Bay at Fort Nelson.

Nelson River basin
BT	Canada
	.Western Canada
	..Manitoba
	...Nelson River basin
SN	N central Manitoba.

Nemaha County Kansas
BT	United States
	.Kansas
	..Nemaha County Kansas
SN	NE Kansas.

Nemaha County Nebraska
BT	United States
	.Nebraska
	..Nemaha County Nebraska
SN	SE Nebraska.

Nemaha Ridge
BT	United States
	.Nemaha Ridge
RT	Oklahoma
	Nebraska
	Kansas
SN	Indexed with states as applicable.

Neman River basin
BT	Europe
	.Neman River basin
UF	Memel River basin
	Niemen River basin
	Nyeman River basin
RT	Lithuania
	Belarus
SN	Also search Neman AND appropriate area term. Indexed with countries as applicable.

Nematoida
BT	Invertebrata
	.Vermes
	..Nematoida

Nematomorpha
BT	Invertebrata
	.Vermes
	..Nematomorpha

Nemerta
BT	Invertebrata
	.Vermes
	..Nemerta

Nemuro Peninsula
BT	kkaido
	.Nemuro Peninsula
SN	in Nemuro sub-prefecture, E Hokkaido. Also search Nemuro.

nenadkevichite
BT	oxides
	.niobates
	..nenadkevichite
BT	silicates
	.orthosilicates
	..sorosilicates
	...nenadkevichite
SN	This term has multiple hierarchies.

Nenets Russian Federation
BT	Commonwealth of Independent States
	.Russian Federation
	..Arkhangelsk Russian Federation
	...Nenets Russian Federation
NT	Bolshezemelskaya Tundra
	Kanin Peninsula
	Vaygach Island
RT	Pechora River
	Timan-Pechora region
SN	National okrug of NE Arkhangelsk Oblast in N European Russian Federation. Before 1993, Nenets Russian Republic was also used. This term has multiple hierarchies.

Nenjiang Formation
BT	Chronostratigraphic Units
	.Phanerozoic
	..Mesozoic
	...Cretaceous
	....Nenjiang Formation
RT	China
	Songliao Basin
SN	In Songliao Basin of NE China. Added to Thesaurus in 1989.

Neoarchean
BT	Chronostratigraphic Units
	.Precambrian
	..Archean
	...Neoarchean

Neocomian
BT	Chronostratigraphic Units
	.Phanerozoic
	..Mesozoic
	...Cretaceous
	....Lower Cretaceous
	.....Neocomian
RT	Berriasian
	Valanginian
	Hauterivian
SN	Europe.

neodymium
BT	metals
	.rare earths
	..neodymium
NT	Nd-144/Nd-143
	Sm-147/Nd-144
UF	Nd
RT	isotopes
	Nd/Nd
	Sm/Nd

Neogastropoda
BT	Invertebrata
	.Mollusca
	..Gastropoda
	...Neogastropoda

Neogene
BT	Chronostratigraphic Units
	.Phanerozoic
	..Cenozoic
	...Neogene
BT	Chronostratigraphic Units
	.Phanerozoic
	..Cenozoic
	...Tertiary
	....Neogene
NT	Pliocene
	Miocene
	Aguacate Group
	Browns Park Formation
	Capistrano Formation
	Cohansey Formation
	Cuddalore Series
	Deschutes Formation
	Etchegoin Formation
	Hazeva Formation
	Hemphillian
	Ogallala Formation
	Pinecrest Beds
	Purisima Formation
	Ridge Route Formation
	Salt Lake Formation
	Sisquoc Formation
	Tamiami Formation
	upper Neogene
UF	Tertiary
RT	upper Tertiary
	Peace River Formation
	Matuyama Chron
SN	An interval of geologic time incorporating the Miocene and Pliocene of the Tertiary period; the upper Tertiary.

Neoglacial
BT	locene
	.Neoglacial
UF	Little Ice Age
RT	Bull Lake Glaciation
	Maunder minimum
SN	A brief episode of glacial advance during the Holocene. Added to Thesaurus in 1985.

Neogloboquadrina pachyderma
BT	Invertebrata
	.Protista
	..Foraminifera
	...Rotaliina
	....Globigerinacea
	.....Neogloboquadrina pachyderma
RT	microfossils
	Globorotalia pachyderma
SN	Species. Indexed with microfossils if applicable.

Neognathodus
BT	microfossils
	.Conodonta
	..Neognathodus
SN	Genus.

Neogondolella
BT	microfossils
	.Conodonta
	..Neogondolella

Neohelikian
BT	likian
	.Neohelikian
SN	Added to Thesaurus in 1985.

Neolithic
BT	Chronostratigraphic Units
	.Phanerozoic
	..Cenozoic
	...Quarternary
	....Holocene
	.....Neolithic
BT	Chronostratigraphic Units
	.Phanerozoic
	..Cenozoic
	...Stone Age
	....Neolithic
RT	archaeology
SN	Archaeological classification. This term has multiple hierarchies.

neon
BT	noble gases
	.neon
NT	Ne-20
	Ne-21
	Ne-22
	Ne-22/Ne-20
	Ne-22/Ne-21
UF	Ne
RT	isotopes
	particle-induced X-ray emission

Neoproterozoic
BT	Chronostratigraphic Units
	.Precambrian
	..Proterozoic
	...Neoproterozoic
NT	Tonian
	Cryogenian
	Ediacarian
	Blackstone Series
	Brioverian
	Burra Group
	Hadrynian
	Horsethief Creek Group
	Infracambrian
	Jotnian
	Lynchburg Formation
	McCoy Creek Group
	Moinian
	Riphean
	Rodinia
	Torridonian
	Vendian
	Walden Creek Group
	Wilpena Group
UF	upper Proterozoic
RT	Adelaidean
	Yudomian
	Boston Bay Group
	Cambridge Argillite
	Roxbury Conglomerate
	Hoosac Formation
	Damara Orogeny
	Ocoee Supergroup
	Pinnacle Formation
	Underhill Formation
	Sauk Sequence
	Robertson Bay Group
	Ross Orogeny
SN	Era. Ages range from 1000 Ma to base of Cambrian; this term was ratified by IUGS in 1990. Used here synonymously with upper Proterozoic which ranges from 900 Ma to base of Cambrian.

Neoptera
BT	Invertebrata
	.Arthropoda
	..Mandibulata
	...Insecta
	....Pterygota
	.....Neoptera
NT	Endopterygota
	Exopterygota
	Orthopteroida
SN	Infraclass.

Neornithes
BT	Chordata
	.Vertebrata
	..Tetrapoda
	...Aves
	....Neornithes
NT	Anseriformes
	Charadriiformes
	Galliformes
	Odontornithes
	Passeriformes
	Strigiformes
RT	Archaeornithes
SN	Subclass.

Neosho County Kansas
BT	United States
	.Kansas
	..Neosho County Kansas

Neosho River valley
BT	United States
	.Neosho River valley
RT	Oklahoma
	Kansas
	Grand River
SN	The lower course of the Neosho is called Grand River in Oklahoma. Also search Neosho River. Indexed with states as applicable.

neote

neotectonics
BT	tectonics
	.neotectonics
UF	active tectonics
RT	seismology
	faults
	geomorphology
	geodesy
	folds
	fractures
	crust
	isostasy
	foliation
	sea-level changes
	raised beaches
	exhumation
	epeirogeny
	cover tectonics
	crustal thickening
	reactivation
	geomorphologic effects
	isostatic rebound
	horizontal movements
	subsidenc
SN	Used for the study of post-Miocene structures and structural history of the Earth's crust.

Neotoma
BT	Chordata
	.Vertebrata
	..Tetrapoda
	...Mammalia
	....Theria
	.....Eutheria
	......Rodentia
	.......Myomorpha
	........Cricetidae
	.........Neotoma
RT	middens
	packrat middens
SN	Genus. Packrats.

neotypes
RT	fossils
	type specimens

Nepal
BT	Asia
	.Indian Peninsula
	..Nepal
NT	Kali Gandaki Valley
RT	Himalayas
	Lesser Himalayas
	Kosi Basin
	Kumaun Himalayas
	Main Boundary Fault
	Main Central Thrust
	Siwalik Range
	Mount Everest

nepheline
BT	silicates
	.framework silicates
	..nepheline group
	...nepheline

nepheline basalt
BT	igneous rocks
	.volcanic rocks
	..basalts
	...alkali basalts
	....nepheline basalt
RT	ankaratrite
	olivine nephelinite

nepheline group
BT	silicates
	.framework silicates
	..nepheline group
NT	kaliophilite
	kalsilite
	nepheline
	petalite
RT	felsic composition
	feldspathoid rocks

nepheline syenite
BT	igneous rocks
	.plutonic rocks
	..syenites
	...nepheline syenite
RT	foyaite
	kakortokite
	lujavrite

nephelinite
BT	igneous rocks
	.plutonic rocks
	..gabbros
	...alkali gabbros
	....nephelinite
RT	alkali basalts
	ocean-island basalts
	ultramafics
	olivine nephelinite

nepheloid layer
UF	layer, nepheloid
	nepheloid zone
RT	continental rise
	sea water
SN	Also search nepheloid.

nepheloid zone
USE	nepheloid layer

nephrite
BT	silicates
	.chain silicates
	..amphibole group
	...clinoamphibole
	....nephrite
RT	jade
	greenstone

Nephrolepidina
BT	Invertebrata
	.Protista
	..Foraminifera
	...Rotaliina
	....Orbitoidacea
	.....Nephrolepidina
RT	microfossils
SN	Indexed with microfossils if applicable.

nepouite
USE	garnierite

Neptune
RT	Nereid Satellite
	outer planets
	planetology
	planets
	satellites
	solar system
	Triton Satellite
	Voyager 2
	Voyager Program

neptunite
BT	silicates
	.chain silicates
	..neptunite

neptunium
BT	metals
	.actinides
	..neptunium
UF	Np

Nerbuda Valley
USE	Narmada Valley

Nerbudda River
USE	Narmada River

Nereid Satellite
RT	Neptune
	satellites
	Triton Satellite
	Voyager Program
SN	One of satellites of Neptune. Before 1989, also search Nereid AND Neptune. Added to Thesaurus in 1989.

Nereites
BT	ichnofossils
	.Nereites
SN	Genus.

Neretva Valley
BT	Europe
	.Southern Europe
	..Neretva Valley
RT	Croatia
	Yugoslavia
	Bosnia-Herzegovina
SN	River valley mainly in Bosnia-Herzegovina and Croatia. Indexed with countries and/or regions as applicable.

neritic environment
USE	subtidal environment

nervous system
RT	anatomy
	morphology
	Vertebrata
SN	Added to Thesaurus in 1981.

Neshoba County Mississippi
BT	United States
	.Mississippi
	..Neshoba County Mississippi

nesosilicates
BT	silicates
	.orthosilicates
	..nesosilicates
NT	andalusite
	braunite
	chloritoid
	coffinite
	cyrtolite
	datolite
	dumortierite
	euclase
	eucryptite
	gadolinite
	garnet group
	garrelsite
	grandidierite
	harkerite
	humite group
	kasolite
	kornerupine
	kyanite
	laihunite
	larnite
	melanocerite
	merwinite
	mullite
	olivine group
	phenakite
	sapphirine
	sillimanite
	spurrite
	staurolite
	stillwellite
	thaumasite
	thorite
	titanite
	topaz
	uranophane
	viridine
	willemite
	zircon

nesquehonite
BT	carbonates
	.nesquehonite

Ness County Kansas
BT	United States
	.Kansas
	..Ness County Kansas
SN	W central Kansas.

Ness Formation
BT	Chronostratigraphic Units
	.Phanerozoic
	..Mesozoic
	...Jurassic
	....Middle Jurassic
	.....Bajocian
	......Ness Formation
RT	Brent Group
	North Sea
SN	In Brent Group. Restricted, not used for the Ness Anorthosite in Scotland. Added to Thesaurus in 1995.

nests
UF	dinosaur nests
RT	paleontology
	morphology
	Amphibia
	Aves
	eggs
	mounds
	termite mounds
	dinosaurs

Netherland India
USE	Indonesia

Netherlands
BT	Europe
	.Western Europe
	..Netherlands
NT	Amsterdam Netherlands
	Groningen Netherlands
	Limburg Netherlands
	Overijssel Netherlands
	Rotterdam Netherlands
	Utrecht Netherlands
	Wadden Zee
	Zeeland Netherlands
UF	Holland
RT	European Platform
	Campine
	Meuse River
	Meuse Valley
	North Sea Coast
	North Sea region
	Scheldt River
	Rhine River
	Central Graben
	Delta Area
	Lower Rhine Basin
	Rhine Basin
	Roermond earthquake 1992
	Rhine Valley

Netherlands Antilles
BT	Caribbean region
	.West Indies
	..Antilles
	...Lesser Antilles
	....Netherlands Antilles
NT	Bonaire
	Curacao
UF	Dutch West Indies
RT	Rincon Formation
	Leeward Islands
SN	Formerly known as Curacao territory. Islands of Aruba, Bonaire, and Curacao in the Caribbean Sea off the coast of Venezuela, plus the Dutch section of Saint Martin at N end of Leeward Islands. In 1986, Aruba was separated from the group.

Netherlands Guiana
USE	Surinam

Netherlands New Guinea
USE	Irian Jaya Indonesia

network deposits
USE	stockwork deposits

networks
RT	arrays
	computer networks
	geodetic networks
	monitoring
	neural networks
	portable arrays
	seismic networks
	trees
SN	As of 1993, see computer networks, geodetic networks, and seismic networks if applicable. Before 1993, also search arrays.

Neubrandenburg Bezirk
SN	No longer a valid term for GeoRef. District in NE East Germany. See Germany.

Neuburg an der Donau Germany
USE	Neuburg Germany

Neuburg Germany
BT	Europe
	.Central Europe
	..Germany
	...Bavaria Germany
	....Neuburg Germany
UF	Neuburg an der Donau Germany
SN	City in W central Bavaria.

Neuchatel Switzerland
BT	Europe
	.Central Europe
	..Switzerland
	...Neuchatel Switzerland
RT	Jura Mountains
SN	Canton in W Switzerland. Also a city on Lake Neuchatel.

Neuquen Argentina
BT	South America
	.Argentina
	..Neuquen Argentina
UF	Neuquen Province
RT	Neuquen Basin
SN	Province in W central Argentina.

Neuquen Basin
BT	South America
	.Argentina
	..Neuquen Basin
RT	Vaca Muerta Formation
	Neuquen Argentina
	Rio Negro Argentina
SN	River basin in W central Argentina. Indexed with provinces as applicable.

Neuquen Province
USE	Neuquen Argentina

neural networks
RT	artificial intelligence
	computer networks
	computer programs
	data processing
	genetic algorithms
	networks
	parallel processing
	pattern recognition
SN	Also index artificial intelligence; index data processing and computer programs if applicable.

Neuroptera
BT	Invertebrata
	.Arthropoda
	..Mandibulata
	...Insecta
	....Pterygota
	.....Neoptera
	......Endopterygota
	.......Neuroptera
NT	Raphidiodea
UF	Neuropteroida
SN	Order.

Neuropteris
BT	Plantae
	.Spermatophyta
	..Gymnospermae
	...Pteridospermae
	....Neuropteris
RT	Pteridophyta

Neuropteroida
USE	Neuroptera

Neuse River
BT	United States
	.North Carolina
	..Neuse River
RT	Craven County North Carolina
SN	Rises in the Piedmont and flows SE into Pamlico Sound, E central North Carolina. Indexed with counties as applicable.

Neusiedler Lake
USE	Lake Neusiedler

Neusiedlersee
USE	Lake Neusiedler

neutral stress
USE	pore pressure

neutron
SN	A valid term through mid-1978 used as a modifier for activation analysis. Use neutron activation analysis.

neutron activation analysis
RT	activation analysis
	analysis
	chemical analysis
	neutron activation analysis data
	neutron probe
	quantitative analysis
	spectroscopy
SN	Before 1978, also search activation analysis AND neutron.

neutron activation analysis data
RT	data
	neutron activation analysis
SN	Use for data. Use neutron activation analysis for methodology. Added to Thesaurus in 1985.

neutron diffraction analysis
RT	analysis
	crystallography
	diffraction
	diffractograms
	electron diffraction analysis
	neutron diffraction data
	neutron probe
	X-ray diffraction analysis

neutron diffraction analysis data
USE	neutron diffraction data

neutron diffraction data
UF	neutron diffraction analysis data
RT	data
	neutron diffraction analysis
SN	Used only for data. For methodology, use neutron diffraction analysis. Added to Thesaurus in 1989.

neutron logging
USE	neutron methods

neutron methods
UF	neutron logging
RT	well-logging
	geophysical methods
	radioactivity
	methods
	radioactivity methods
	neutron-gamma methods
	neutron-neutron methods
SN	Indexed with well-logging and radioactivity if applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1985.

neutron probe
UF	neutron spectroscopy
	probe, neutron
RT	spectroscopy
	chemical analysis
	analysis
	neutron activation analysis
	neutron probe data
	neutron diffraction analysis
	electron probe
	ion probe
SN	Used for methodology. For data, use neutron probe data. Added to Thesaurus in 1982.

neutron probe data
RT	data
	neutron probe
	spectroscopy
SN	Used for data. For methodology, use neutron probe. Added to Thesaurus in 1982.

neutron spectroscopy
USE	neutron probe

neutron-gamma methods
BT	geophysical methods
	.neutron-gamma methods
RT	well-logging
	gamma rays
	radioactivity
	gamma-gamma methods
	gamma-ray methods
	neutron methods
	neutron-neutron methods
SN	For surveys, search with geophysical surveys and an area. For surveys, also index geophysical surveys and the area. Index well-logging if applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1984.

neutron-neutron methods
BT	geophysical methods
	.neutron-neutron methods
RT	well-logging
	radioactivity
	neutron-gamma methods
	neutron methods
SN	For surveys, search with geophysical surveys and an area. For surveys, also index geophysical surveys and the area. Index well-logging if applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1984.

neutrons
RT	electrons
	particles
SN	Used as a general term.

Nevada
BT	United States
	.Nevada
NT	Arrow Canyon Range
	Carlin Mine
	Carlin Trend
	Carson City County Nevada
	Churchill County Nevada
	Clark County Nevada
	Douglas County Nevada
	Egan Range
	Elko County Nevada
	Esmeralda County Nevada
	Eureka County Nevada
	Humboldt County Nevada
	Humboldt River valley
	Lake Mead Fault
	Lander County Nevada
	Las Vegas Valley
	Lincoln County Nevada
	Lyon County Nevada
	Mineral County Nevada
	Mormon Mountains
	Nevada Test Site
	Nye County Nevada
	Pershing County Nevada
	Roberts Mountains Allochthon
	Shoshone Mountains
	Storey County Nevada
	Toiyabe Range
	Toquima Range
	Walker River
	Washoe County Nevada
	White Pine County Nevada
	Yucca Flat
RT	Antler Orogeny
	Amargosa Desert
	Antelope Valley
	Antelope Valley Limestone
	Basin and Range Province
	Black Mountains
	Bright Angel Shale
	Aztec Sandstone
	Battle Mountain High
	Battle Mountain
	Bird Spring Formation
	Black Rock Desert
	Bonanza King Formation
	Bullfr

Nevada County Arkansas
BT	United States
	.Arkansas
	..Nevada County Arkansas
SN	SW Arkansas.

Nevada County California
BT	United States
	.California
	..Nevada County California
SN	E California.

Nevada Test Site
BT	United States
	.Nevada
	..Nevada Test Site
RT	Yucca Mountain
	nuclear facilities
	Rainier Mesa
	Yucca Flat
SN	NW of Las Vegas in S Nevada. Indexed with counties as applicable.

Nevadan Orogeny
BT	Chronostratigraphic Units
	.Phanerozoic
	..Mesozoic
	...Nevadan Orogeny
RT	Jurassic
	Lower Cretaceous
	United States
	orogeny
	tectonics
	Sierra Nevada
	Coast Ranges
SN	Jurassic to Lower Cretaceous. Before 1985, also search orogeny AND Nevadan. Indexed with ages as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1985.

Nevado del Ruiz
BT	South America
	.Colombia
	..Nevado del Ruiz
RT	volcanoes
SN	Volcano. Tolima Department, W central Colombia. Added to Thesaurus in 1989.

Nevado-Filabride Complex
BT	Europe
	.Southern Europe
	..Iberian Peninsula
	...Spain
	....Andalusia Spain
	.....Nevado-Filabride Complex
RT	Almeria Spain
	Betic Cordillera
	Sierra de los Filabres
SN	Betic Cordillera, SE Spain. Indexed with age as applicable.

New Albany Shale
BT	Chronostratigraphic Units
	.Phanerozoic
	..Paleozoic
	...Devonian
	....Upper Devonian
	.....New Albany Shale
RT	Kentucky
	Indiana
SN	Includes Devonian Blocher and Blackiston formations, and Mississippian Sanderson, Underwood, and Henryville formations. Indiana and N central Kentucky.

New Austrian Tunnelling Method
RT	excavations
	methods
	mining
	tunnels
SN	Added to Thesaurus in 1985.

New Britain
BT	Australasia
	.Papua New Guinea
	..New Britain
NT	Talasea Papua New Guinea
UF	New Britain Island
RT	Bismarck Archipelago
	Rabaul Caldera
SN	Largest island in the Bismarck Archipelago NE of New Guinea.

New Britain Island
USE	New Britain

New Brunswick
BT	Canada
	.Eastern Canada
	..Maritime Provinces
	...New Brunswick
NT	Albert County New Brunswick
	Carleton County New Brunswick
	Charlotte County New Brunswick
	Fredericton New Brunswick
	Gloucester County New Brunswick
	Kent County New Brunswick
	King's County New Brunswick
	Kouchibouguac Bay
	Madawaska County New Brunswick
	Miramichi Bay
	Moncton Basin
	Northumberland County New Brunswick
	Queen's County New Brunswick
	Restigouche County New Brunswick
	Saint George Batholith
	Saint John County New Brunswick
	Sunbury County New Brunswick
	Victoria County New Brunswick
	Westmorland County New Brunswick
	York County New Brunswick
RT	Albert Formation
	Alma River
	Avalon Zone
	Cumberland Basin
	Coldbrook Group
	Chaleur Bay
	Cumberland Group
	Horton Group
	Gander Zone
	Northumberland Strait
	Midland Valley
	Pictou Group
	Matapedia Group
	Meguma Terrane
	Miramichi earthquake 1982
	Mispec Group
	Restigou

New Brunswick earthquake 1982
USE	Miramichi earthquake 1982

New Ca

New Caledonia
BT	Oceania
	.Melanesia
	..New Caledonia
NT	Noumea New Caledonia
	Ouegoa New Caledonia
RT	Pacific Ocean
	West Pacific Ocean Islands
SN	French overseas territory E of Queensland, Australia. Also its main island.

New Caledonia Basin
BT	Pacific Ocean
	.New Caledonia Basin
RT	DSDP Site 206
SN	Between central Lord Howe Rise and Norfolk Island in SW Pacific Ocean.

New Castile Spain
BT	Europe
	.Southern Europe
	..Iberian Peninsula
	...Spain
	....Castile Spain
	.....New Castile Spain
UF	Castilla la Nueva
RT	Castilla-La Mancha Spain
	Ciudad Real Spain
	Sierra de Guadarrama
	Guadalajara Spain
	Toledo Spain
	Cuenca Spain
	Madrid Spain
SN	Region in central Spain. Before 1998, included provinces as narrower terms.

New Castle County Delaware
BT	United States
	.Delaware
	..New Castle County Delaware
NT	Wilmington Delaware
SN	N Delaware.

new data
RT	data
SN	Used as a general term.

New Delhi India
BT	Asia
	.Indian Peninsula
	..India
	...Delhi India
	....New Delhi India
SN	Capital city SSW of Delhi in Delhi, N central India.

new energy sources
RT	biomass
	energy
	energy sources
	heat storage
	solar energy
	tidal energy
	wind energy
SN	Added to Thesaurus in 1981.

New England
BT	United States
	.New England
RT	Dunnage Zone
	Lydonia Canyon
	Bloody Bluff Fault
	Narragansett Basin
SN	Restricted to usage in the United States. As of 1993, term is used only for broad general discussions.

New England Batholith
BT	Australasia
	.Australia
	..New England Batholith
RT	Queensland Australia
	New South Wales Australia
	New England Range
SN	Indexed with states as applicable.

New England fold belt
USE	New England Orogeny

New England Orogen
USE	New England Orogeny

New England Orogeny
UF	New England fold belt
	New England Orogen
RT	Mesozoic
	Paleozoic
	orogeny
	Queensland Australia
	Australia
	New South Wales Australia
	New England Range
SN	Devonian to Triassic orogeny affecting New South Wales and Queensland, Australia. Indexed with ages as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1989.

New England Plateau
USE	New England Range

New England Range
BT	Australasia
	.Australia
	..New South Wales Australia
	...New England Range
UF	New England Plateau
RT	New England Orogeny
	New England Batholith
SN	NE New South Wales. Part of the Great Dividing Range. Before 1981, also search New England AND Australia. Indexed with mountain ranges as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1981.

New England Seamounts
BT	Atlantic Ocean
	.North Atlantic
	..New England Seamounts
RT	Leg 43
	DSDP Site 382
	DSDP Site 385
SN	NW Atlantic. Added to Thesaurus in 1989.

new genera
USE	new taxa

new genus
USE	new taxa

New Guinea
BT	Malay Archipelago
	.New Guinea
NT	Irian Jaya Indonesia
RT	Australasia
	Australian Plate
	Indo-Australian Plate
	Papua New Guinea
	Pacific mobile belt
SN	Refers to whole island. Indexed with Irian Jaya Indonesia and/or Papua New Guinea.

New Hampshire
BT	United States
	.New Hampshire
RT	Ammonoosuc Volcanics
	Avalon Zone
	Great Bay
	Berwick Formation
	Bronson Hill Anticlinorium
	Chelmsford Granite
	Clough Formation
	Connecticut River
	Connecticut Valley
	Dedham Granodiorite
	Gile Mountain Formation
	Kittery Formation
	Littleton Formation
	Madrid Forma

New Hanover County North Carolina
BT	United States
	.North Carolina
	..New Hanover County North Carolina
SN	On the Atlantic Ocean in SE North Carolina.

New Haven County Connecticut
BT	United States
	.Connecticut
	..New Haven County Connecticut
SN	S Connecticut.

New Hebrides
USE	Vanuatu

New Ireland
BT	Australasia
	.Papua New Guinea
	..New Ireland
RT	Bismarck Archipelago
SN	Island in the Bismarck Archipelago NNE of New Britain in SW Pacific.

New Jersey
BT	United States
	.New Jersey
NT	Atlantic County New Jersey
	Bergen County New Jersey
	Burlington County New Jersey
	Camden County New Jersey
	Cape May County New Jersey
	Cumberland County New Jersey
	Essex County New Jersey
	Gloucester County New Jersey
	Hudson County New Jersey
	Hunterdon County New Jersey
	Mercer County New Jersey
	Middlesex County New Jersey
	Monmouth County New Jersey
	Morris County New Jersey
	New Jersey Highlands
	Ocean County New Jersey
	Passaic County New Jersey
	Passaic River
	Passaic River basin
	Raritan River
	Salem County New Jersey
	Somerset County New Jersey
	Sussex County New Jersey
	Union County New Jersey
	Warren County New Jersey
	Watchung Mountains
RT	Atlantic Coastal Plain
	Kirkwood Formation
	Carolina Bays
	Great Bay
	Brunswick Formation
	Cohansey Formation
	Delaware Bay
	Delaware River
	Delaware River basin
	Feltville Formation
	Glenarm Series
	Hudson Valley
	Hudson Highlands
	Hudson River
	Kirkwood-Co

New Jersey Highlands
BT	United States
	.New Jersey
	..New Jersey Highlands
RT	Sussex County New Jersey
	Hunterdon County New Jersey
	Long Valley
	Morris County New Jersey
	Warren County New Jersey
SN	N New Jersey, in Hunterdon, Morris, Sussex and Warren counties. NE-SW trending ridges including Musconetcong Mountain, Schooleys Mountain and the Ramapo Mountains. Indexed with counties as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1989.

New Kent County Virginia
BT	United States
	.Virginia
	..New Kent County Virginia

New Liskeard Ontario
BT	Canada
	.Eastern Canada
	..Ontario
	...Timiskaming District Ontario
	....New Liskeard Ontario
SN	Town in SE Ontario.

New London County Connecticut
BT	United States
	.Connecticut
	..New London County Connecticut
NT	Honey Hill Fault
RT	Block Island Sound
	Thames River
SN	SE Connecticut.

New Madrid County Missouri
BT	United States
	.Missouri
	..New Madrid County Missouri
NT	New Madrid Missouri
SN	SE Missouri.

New Madrid earthquakes 1811-1812
BT	earthquakes
	.New Madrid earthquakes 1811-1812
RT	Mississippi Embayment
	New Madrid region
SN	Epicenter near New Madrid, Missouri. Before 1993, also search New Madrid region and earthquakes; New Madrid earthquake(truncated). Added to Thesaurus in 1993.

New Madrid Missouri
BT	United States
	.Missouri
	..New Madrid County Missouri
	...New Madrid Missouri
SN	Town on Mississippi River in extreme SE Missouri.

New Madrid region
BT	United States
	.New Madrid region
UF	New Madrid Seismic Zone
RT	earthquakes
	Kentucky
	Missouri
	Illinois
	Indiana
	Mississippi
	Tennessee
	Arkansas
	Mississippi Embayment
	New Madrid earthquakes 1811-1812
SN	Region of earthquakes in the Mississippi Embayment. Before 1993, also search New Madrid earthquake(truncated). After 1992, see New Madrid earthquakes 1811-1812, for discussion of the 1811-1812 earthquakes. Indexed with states as applicable. Added to Thesa

New Madrid Seismic Zone
USE	New Madrid region

new methods
RT	absolute age
	methods

New Mexico
BT	United States
	.New Mexico
NT	Animas Mountains
	Bernalillo County New Mexico
	Catron County New Mexico
	Chama Basin
	Chaves County New Mexico
	Cibola County New Mexico
	Colfax County New Mexico
	Curry County New Mexico
	Datil-Mogollon volcanic field
	De Baca County New Mexico
	Dona Ana County New Mexico
	Eddy County New Mexico
	Grant County New Mexico
	Grants mineral belt
	Guadalupe County New Mexico
	Harding County New Mexico
	Hidalgo County New Mexico
	Jemez Lineament
	Jornada del Muerto
	Lea County New Mexico
	Lincoln County New Mexico
	Los Alamos County New Mexico
	Luna County New Mexico
	Manzano Mountains
	McKinley County New Mexico
	Mora County New Mexico
	Otero County New Mexico
	Picuris Range
	Quay County New Mexico
	Rio Arriba County New Mexico
	Roosevelt County New Mexico
	San Juan County New Mexico
	San Miguel County New Mexico
	Sandia Mountains
	Sandoval County New Mexico
	Santa Fe County New Mexico
	Sierra County New Mexico
	Socorro County New Mexico
	Taos County New Mexico
	Taos Plateau
	Tatum Basin
	Torrance County New Mexico
	Tucumcari Basin
	Tularosa Basin
	Tusas Mountains
	Union County New Mexico
	Valencia County New Mexico
	Valle Grande Mountains
	Valles Caldera
	Zuni Mountains
RT	Abo Formation
	Alamosa River
	Bear Mountain
	Albuquerque Basin
	Basin and Range Province
	Bidahochi Formation
	Bisbee Group
	Baca Formation
	Bandelier Tuff
	Bell Canyon Formation
	Benton Formation
	Black Range
	Blackwater Draw Formation
	Blue Mountain
	Bone Spring Lime

new minerals
RT	minerals
SN	Used to indicate new mineral names.

new names
RT	nomenclature
	taxonomy
SN	Used as a general term.

New Orleans Louisiana
BT	United States
	.Louisiana
	..Orleans Parish Louisiana
	...New Orleans Louisiana
SN	City on the Mississippi River in Orleans Parish, SE Louisiana.

New Quebec
USE	Ungava

New Quebec Crater
BT	Canada
	.Eastern Canada
	..Quebec
	...New Quebec Crater
UF	Cratere du Noveau Quebec
	Noveau Quebec Crater
	Nunavik Crater
	Ungava Crater
RT	impact features
	Ungava
SN	Meteor crater, N Ungava Peninsula, N Quebec. Added to Thesaurus in 1995.

New Red Sandstone
RT	England
	Permian
	Permian-Triassic boundary
	Triassic
SN	England. Permian and Triassic. Indexed with age or ages as applicable.

New River
RT	North Carolina
	United States
	Virginia
	West Virginia
SN	Rises in NW North Carolina and joins with Gauley River in West Virginia to form the Kanawha River. Also in other locations. Indexed with counties or regions as applicable.

New River Formation
BT	Chronostratigraphic Units
	.Phanerozoic
	..Paleozoic
	...Carboniferous
	....Pennsylvanian
	.....Lower Pennsylvanian
	......New River Formation
RT	Virginia
	Pennsylvania
	Alabama
	West Virginia
	Georgia
	Pottsville Group
SN	In Pottsville Group. Added to Thesaurus in 1989.

New Siberian Islands
BT	Commonwealth of Independent States
	.Russian Federation
	..Yakutia Russian Federation
	...New Siberian Islands
BT	Commonwealth of Independent States
	.Russian Federation
	..Russian Arctic
	...New Siberian Islands
SN	Island group in Arctic Ocean between Laptev Sea and East Siberian Sea. Part of Yakutia. This term has multiple hierarchies. Added to Thesaurus in 1981.

New South Wales Australia
BT	Australasia
	.Australia
	..New South Wales Australia
NT	Armidale Australia
	Australian Capital Territory
	Bathurst Australia
	Broken Bay
	Bungonia Caves
	Cooma Australia
	Gosford Australia
	Gunnedah Basin
	Macleay River
	Manildra Australia
	Murrumbidgee River
	Murrumbidgee Valley
	Nandewar Mountains
	New England Range
	Newcastle Australia
	Southern coal field
	Sydney Australia
	Tamworth Australia
	Wagga Wagga Australia
	Yass Basin
	Yeoval Australia
RT	Bulldog Shale
	Bulli Seam
	Broken Hill Mine
	Broken Hill
	Broken Hill Block
	Illawarra Coal Measures
	Delamerian Orogeny
	Clarence-Moreton Basin
	Great Artesian Basin
	Hawkesbury Sandstone
	Hunter Valley
	Murray Basin
	Lachlan fold belt
	Murray River
	Narrabeen Group
	N

new species
USE	new taxa

new taxa
UF	new genera
	new genus
	new species
	taxa, new
RT	taxonomy
	revision
SN	Should be used whenever a new taxonomic group is discussed.

New Ulm Minnesota
BT	United States
	.Minnesota
	..Brown County Minnesota
	...New Ulm Minnesota
SN	City in S central Minnesota.

New World Island
BT	Canada
	.Eastern Canada
	..Newfoundland
	...Newfoundland Island
	....New World Island
SN	In Notre Dame Bay off NE Newfoundland.

New York
BT	United States
	.New York
NT	Adirondack Mountains
	Albany County New York
	Allegany County New York
	Benson Mines
	Bronx County New York
	Broome County New York
	Catskill Mountains
	Cattaraugus County New York
	Cayuga County New York
	Chautauqua County New York
	Chemung County New York
	Chenango County New York
	Chenango River
	Clinton County New York
	Columbia County New York
	Cortland County New York
	Delaware County New York
	Dutchess County New York
	Erie County New York
	Essex County New York
	Finger Lakes
	Franklin County New York
	Fulton County New York
	Genesee County New York
	Greene County New York
	Hamilton County New York
	Herkimer County New York
	Jefferson County New York
	Lewis County New York
	Livingston County New York
	Madison County New York
	Monroe County New York
	Montgomery County New York
	Nassau County New York
	New York Bight
	New York City New York
	New York County New York
	Niagara County New York
	Oneida County New York
	Oneida Lake
	Onondaga County New York
	Ontario County New York
	Orange County New York
	Orleans County New York
	Oswego County New York
	Otsego County New York
	Putnam County New York
	Rensselaer County New York
	Richmond County New York
	Rockland County New York
	Saint Lawrence County New York
	Saratoga County New York
	Schenectady County New York
	Schoharie County New York
	Schuyler County New York
	Seneca County New York
	Steuben County New York
	Suffolk County New York
	Sullivan County New York
	Tioga County New York
	Tompkins County New York
	Ulster County New York
	Warren County New York
	Washington County New York
	Wayne County New York
	Westchester County New York
	Wyoming County New York
	Yates County New York
RT	Adirondack Anorthosite
	Canadian Shield
	Appalachian Basin
	Appalachian Plateau
	Bear Mountain
	Allegheny Plateau
	Atlantic Coastal Plain
	American Museum of Natural History
	Bass Islands Dolomite
	Beekmantown Group
	Black River Group
	Catskill Delta
	Catskill Format

New York Bight
BT	United States
	.New York
	..New York Bight
RT	Atlantic Coastal Plain

New York City Group
RT	Cambrian
	Connecticut
	Fordham Gneiss
	Manhattan Formation
	New York
	Ordovician
	Silurian
	Proterozoic
SN	Precambrian to Paleozoic (pre-Upper Devonian). Includes Fordham Gneiss, Inwood Marble, Manhattan Formation. W Connecticut and SE New York. Indexed with ages as applicable.

New York City New York
BT	United States
	.New York
	..New York City New York
NT	Kings County New York
	Manhattan
	Queens County New York
RT	Narrows
	Staten Island
SN	City on W tip of Long Island, Manhattan Island, Staten Island, and S tip of mainland, SE New York. Composed of five boroughs (Bronx, Brooklyn, Manhattan, Queens and Staten Island) which are coextensive with five counties (Bronx, Kings, New York, Queens an

New York County New York
BT	United States
	.New York
	..New York County New York

New Zealand
BT	Australasia
	.New Zealand
NT	Auckland New Zealand
	Bay of Plenty
	Canterbury New Zealand
	Coromandel Peninsula
	Foveaux Strait
	Gisborne New Zealand
	Haast River
	Hawke's Bay New Zealand
	Hikurangi Trough
	Kaipara Harbor
	Lake Taupo
	Manawatu River valley
	Marlborough New Zealand
	Nelson New Zealand
	Ngauruhoe
	Northland New Zealand
	Otago New Zealand
	Otago Schist
	Oxford New Zealand
	Rangitata River
	Raukumara Peninsula
	Reefton New Zealand
	Ruapehu
	Southland New Zealand
	Taranaki New Zealand
	Tarawera volcanic complex
	Taupo New Zealand
	Taupo volcanic zone
	Te Aroha New Zealand
	Tongariro
	Torlesse Terrane
	Waikato Basin
	Waimangu Field
	Wairakei
	Wairarapa
	Wanganui Valley
	Wellington New Zealand
	Westland New Zealand
RT	Alpine Fault
	North Island
	Oceania
	Australian Plate
	Indo-Australian Plate
	Bay of Islands
	Edgecumbe earthquake 1987
	Bluff Formation
	Broadlands
	Crater Lake
	Fox Glacier
	Mackenzie River
	Huntly
	Mackenzie River valley
	Pa

Newark Basin
BT	United States
	.Newark Basin
RT	Pennsylvania
	New York
	New Jersey
	Passaic Formation
	Watchung Mountains
	Gettysburg Basin
	Newark-Gettysburg Basin
	Ramapo Fault
SN	Triassic to Jurassic rift basin. Indexed with states as applicable.

Newark Group
USE	Newark Supergroup

Newark New Jersey
BT	United States
	.New Jersey
	..Essex County New Jersey
	...Newark New Jersey
SN	City on Newark Bay just W of Jersey City and New York City in NE New Jersey.

Newark Supergroup
BT	Chronostratigraphic Units
	.Phanerozoic
	..Mesozoic
	...Newark Supergroup
UF	Newark Group
RT	Virginia
	New York
	North Carolina
	Maryland
	Delaware
	Connecticut
	New Jersey
	Brunswick Formation
	Passaic Formation
	East Berlin Formation
	Hampden Basalt
	Holyoke Basalt
	Feltville Formation
	Lockatong Formation
	Stockton Formation
	Portland Formation
SN	Lower Jurassic or Upper Triassic. Includes New Oxford Formation, Gettysburg Shale, Stockton Formation, Lockatong Formation, Brunswick Formation, New Haven Arkose, Meriden Formation, Portland Arkose, Pekin Formation, Cumnock Formation, Sanford Formation, T

Newark-Gettysburg Basin
BT	United States
	.Newark-Gettysburg Basin
RT	Pennsylvania
	New York
	Maryland
	New Jersey
	Gettysburg Basin
	Newark Basin
SN	Newark Basin plus southwestward extension into SE Pennsylvania and N central Maryland. Indexed with states as applicable.

Newaygo County Michigan
BT	United States
	.Michigan
	..Michigan Lower Peninsula
	...Newaygo County Michigan

Newberry County South Carolina
BT	United States
	.South Carolina
	..Newberry County South Carolina

Newberry Volcano
BT	United States
	.Cascade Range
	..Newberry Volcano
BT	United States
	.Oregon
	..Deschutes County Oregon
	...Newberry Volcano
RT	volcanoes
SN	Central Oregon. Also search Newberry AND Oregon. This term has multiple hierarchies. Added to Thesaurus in 1985.

newberyite
BT	phosphates
	.newberyite

Newcastle Australia
BT	Australasia
	.Australia
	..New South Wales Australia
	...Newcastle Australia
SN	City on E coast of New South Wales.

Newcastle Coal Measures
BT	Chronostratigraphic Units
	.Phanerozoic
	..Paleozoic
	...Permian
	....Newcastle Coal Measures
RT	Australia
	New South Wales Australia
	Sydney Basin
SN	Permian in the Sydney Basin of New South Wales. Added to Thesaurus in 1989.

Newcastle England
BT	Europe
	.Western Europe
	..United Kingdom
	...Great Britain
	....England
	.....Newcastle England
UF	Newcastle upon Tyne England
RT	Northumberland England
SN	City on the Tyne River in Tyne and Wear County in N England.

Newcastle New Brunswick
BT	Canada
	.Eastern Canada
	..Maritime Provinces
	...New Brunswick
	....Northumberland County New Brunswick
	.....Newcastle New Brunswick
SN	Town, Northumberland County. Lead and zinc mining region.

Newcastle Sandstone
BT	Chronostratigraphic Units
	.Phanerozoic
	..Mesozoic
	...Cretaceous
	....Lower Cretaceous
	.....Newcastle Sandstone
RT	Wyoming
	Montana
	Nebraska
	North Dakota
	South Dakota
	Colorado Group
SN	SE Montana, W Nebraska, NE North Dakota, W South Dakota and NE Wyoming. Added to Thesaurus in 1989.

Newcastle upon Tyne England
USE	Newcastle England

Newfoundland
BT	Canada
	.Eastern Canada
	..Newfoundland
NT	Labrador
	Newfoundland Island
RT	Dunnage Zone
	Belle Isle
	Dunnage Melange
	Humber Zone
	Meguma Terrane
	White Bay
SN	From 1981-1992, referred to the island of Newfoundland. Before 1981 and after 1992, refers to the province, which includes the island of Newfoundland plus Labrador.

Newfoundland Island
BT	Canada
	.Eastern Canada
	..Newfoundland
	...Newfoundland Island
NT	Avalon Peninsula
	Baie Verte Peninsula
	Betts Cove
	Buchans Newfoundland
	Burin Peninsula
	Burlington Peninsula
	Daniel's Harbour Newfoundland
	Great Northern Peninsula
	Humber Arm Allochthon
	New World Island
	Notre Dame Bay
	Port au Port Peninsula
	Saint John's Newfoundland
RT	Ackley Granite
	Bell Island
	Avalon Zone
	Buchans Group
	Atlantic Ocean Islands
	Bay of Islands
	Bay of Islands Ophiolite
	Betts Cove Ophiolite
	Cow Head Group
	Deer Lake Group
	Catoche Formation
	Davidsville Group
	Gander Lake Group
	Gander Zone
	Grand Banks earthquak
SN	Part of Newfoundland province, E Canada. Added to Thesaurus in 1993.

Newland Limestone
BT	Chronostratigraphic Units
	.Precambrian
	..Proterozoic
	...Mesoproterozoic
	....Newland Limestone
RT	Idaho
	Montana
	Belt Supergroup
	Wallace Formation
SN	In Piegan Group of Belt Supergroup. Idaho and W central Montana. In central and western Montana, Newland and Wallace formations have been treated as essentially synonymous terms by some authors. Added to Thesaurus in 1989.

Newman Limestone
BT	Chronostratigraphic Units
	.Phanerozoic
	..Paleozoic
	...Carboniferous
	....Mississippian
	.....Newman Limestone
RT	Virginia
	Kentucky
	Tennessee
SN	Overlies Grainger Formation; underlies Pennington Formation. E Kentucky, E Tennessee, and SW Virginia.

Newmarkt Poland
USE	Nowy Targ Poland

Newport Bay
RT	Orange County California
SN	Dredged harbor in Orange County in S California. May occur in other locations. Indexed with county or region as applicable.

Newport County Rhode Island
BT	United States
	.Rhode Island
	..Newport County Rhode Island
NT	Newport Rhode Island
SN	On the Atlantic Ocean in SE Rhode Island.

Newport Oregon
BT	United States
	.Oregon
	..Lincoln County Oregon
	...Newport Oregon
SN	City on the Pacific Ocean in W Oregon.

Newport Rhode Island
BT	United States
	.Rhode Island
	..Newport County Rhode Island
	...Newport Rhode Island
SN	City in SE Rhode Island.

Newport-Inglewood Fault
BT	United States
	.California
	..Newport-Inglewood Fault
UF	Inglewood Fault
SN	In Los Angeles area in S California.

news
RT	current research
	popular geology
SN	Used for indexing of news items, usually discussing mineral exploration. Added to Thesaurus in 1985.

Newton County Arkansas
BT	United States
	.Arkansas
	..Newton County Arkansas
SN	NW Arkansas.

Newton County Georgia
BT	United States
	.Georgia
	..Newton County Georgia
SN	N central Georgia.

Newton County Indiana
BT	Indiana
	.Newton County Indiana
NT	Kentland Indiana
SN	NW Indiana.

Newton County Mississippi
BT	United States
	.Mississippi
	..Newton County Mississippi
SN	E central Mississippi.

Newton County Missouri
BT	United States
	.Missouri
	..Newton County Missouri
RT	Joplin Missouri
SN	SW Missouri.

Newton County Texas
BT	United States
	.Texas
	..Newton County Texas
SN	E Texas.

Neyveli India
BT	Asia
	.Indian Peninsula
	..India
	...Tamil Nadu India
	....Neyveli India
UF	Neiveli India
SN	Town in E Tamil Nadu, SE India.

Neyveli Lignite
BT	Chronostratigraphic Units
	.Phanerozoic
	..Cenozoic
	...Tertiary
	....Neyveli Lignite
RT	Pliocene
	Miocene
	India
	Tamil Nadu India
	upper Miocene
	Cuddalore Series
SN	Associated with sands, conglomerates and clays of Cuddalore Series. E and NE of Tamil Nadu.

Nez Perce County Idaho
BT	United States
	.Idaho
	..Nez Perce County Idaho

Ngalia Basin
BT	Australasia
	.Australia
	..Northern Territory Australia
	...Ngalia Basin
SN	SW Northern Territory. Added to Thesaurus in 1989.

ngary
NT	Alfold
	Bakony Mountains
	Balaton region
	Borsod Basin
	Borzsony Mountains
	Budapest Hungary
	Debrecen Hungary
	Dorog Basin
	Dorog Hungary
	Eger Hungary
	Hidas Hungary
	Mecsek Mountains
	Northeastern Hungarian Hills
	Szolnok Hungary
	Tokaj Hungary
	Transdanubia
	Vertes Hungary
	Vertes Mountains
	Veszprem Hungary
	Villany Mountains

Ngauruhoe
BT	Australasia
	.New Zealand
	..Ngauruhoe
RT	volcanoes
	North Island
	Tongariro
SN	Volcano. Tongariro National Park, central North Island, New Zealand. Indexed with North Island.

Ngorora Formation
BT	Chronostratigraphic Units
	.Phanerozoic
	..Cenozoic
	...Neogene
	....Miocene
	.....Ngorora Formation
RT	Kenya

ni
USE	nickel

Niagara County New York
BT	United States
	.New York
	..Niagara County New York
SN	W New York.

Niagara Escarpment
BT	North America
	.Niagara Escarpment
RT	Ontario
	Iowa
	Illinois
	Wisconsin
	New York
	Michigan
	Bruce Peninsula
	Great Lakes region
	Manitoulin Island
	Niagara Falls
SN	Cuesta of Paleozoic rocks sloping away from the Canadian Shield, extending from central New York to N of Lake Huron and Lake Michigan, continuing southwestward into Wisconsin, Illinois, and Iowa. Indexed with states and province as applicable.

Niagara Falls
BT	North America
	.Niagara Falls
RT	Ontario
	New York
	Niagara Escarpment
SN	Great falls of the Niagara River. Also search Niagara. Indexed with state and/or province as applicable.

Niagara River
BT	North America
	.Niagara River
RT	Ontario
	New York
SN	Flows between Lake Erie and Lake Ontario going over the Niagara Escarpment. Also search Niagara. Indexed with province and/or state as applicable.

Niagaran
BT	Chronostratigraphic Units
	.Phanerozoic
	..Paleozoic
	...Silurian
	....Middle Silurian
	.....Niagaran
NT	Bainbridge Formation
	Lockport Formation
	Racine Dolomite
SN	Provincial series, North America. Above Alexandrian, below Cayugan.

Nicaragua
BT	Central America
	.Nicaragua
NT	Leon Nicaragua
	Managua Nicaragua
	Masaya
RT	San Juan River
	Chortis Block
	Cerro Negro
	Leon City Spain
	Nicaragua earthquake 1992

Nicaragua earthquake 1992
BT	earthquakes
	.Nicaragua earthquake 1992
RT	Northeast Pacific
	Nicaragua
SN	Epicenter offshore W Nicaragua. Slow earthquake which produced tsunamis.

Nicaragua Rise
BT	Atlantic Ocean
	.North Atlantic
	..Caribbean Sea
	...Nicaragua Rise
UF	Nicaraguan Rise
RT	Leg 15
	ODP Site 1000
	ODP Site 1001
SN	Between Jamaica and Nicaragua.

Nicaraguan Rise
USE	Nicaragua Rise

niccolite
BT	arsenides
	.niccolite
UF	nickeline
	nicolite
RT	nickel ores
	nickel

Nice France
BT	Europe
	.Western Europe
	..France
	...Alpes-Maritimes France
	....Nice France
SN	City on the Mediterranean Sea on the Riviera in S Alpes-Maritimes, SE France.

Nicholas County Kentucky
BT	United States
	.Kentucky
	..Nicholas County Kentucky

Nicholas County West Virginia
BT	United States
	.West Virginia
	..Nicholas County West Virginia

nick points
USE	knickpoints

nickel
BT	metals
	.nickel
UF	ni
RT	nickel ores
	awaruite
	heavy metals
	siderophile elements
	josephinite
	kamacite
	niccolite
	pentlandite
SN	Chemical element. Use nickel ores for nickel as a commodity.

nickel glance
USE	gersdorffite

nickel ores
BT	metal ores
	.nickel ores
RT	Allarechenskiy
	nickel
	garnierite
	gersdorffite
	millerite
	niccolite
	pentlandite
	Norilsk region
	rammelsbergite
	Strathcona Mine

nickel pyrites
USE	millerite

nickel-antimony glance
USE	ullmannite

nickeline
USE	niccolite

nickpoints
USE	knickpoints

Nicobar Islands
BT	Asia
	.Indian Peninsula
	..India
	...Bengal Islands
	....Nicobar Islands
UF	Nicobars
SN	Island group in Bay of Bengal NW of Sumatra, forming S part of Andaman and Nicobar Islands.

Nicobars
USE	Nicobar Islands

Nicola Group
BT	Chronostratigraphic Units
	.Phanerozoic
	..Mesozoic
	...Triassic
	....Nicola Group
RT	Canada
	British Columbia
SN	S British Columbia.

Nicolaus California
BT	United States
	.California
	..Sutter County California
	...Nicolaus California
SN	Village N of Sacramento in N central California.

Nicolet County Quebec
BT	Canada
	.Eastern Canada
	..Quebec
	...Nicolet County Quebec

nicolite
USE	niccolite

Nicollet County Minnesota
BT	United States
	.Minnesota
	..Nicollet County Minnesota

nicopyrite
USE	pentlandite

Nicoya Complex
BT	Chronostratigraphic Units
	.Phanerozoic
	..Mesozoic
	...Nicoya Complex
RT	Upper Jurassic
	Lower Cretaceous
	Costa Rica
	Leg 67
SN	NW Costa Rica. Indexed with ages as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1989.

Nicoya Peninsula
BT	Central America
	.Costa Rica
	..Nicoya Peninsula
SN	Peninsula in W Costa Rica, extending between the Gulf of Nicoya and Pacific Ocean. Added to Thesaurus in 1989.

Nida Basin
BT	Europe
	.Central Europe
	..Poland
	...Kielce Poland
	....Nida Basin
UF	Nida River basin
SN	River basin in S Poland. Also search Nida.

Nida River basin
USE	Nida Basin

Niemen River basin
USE	Neman River basin

Nievre France
BT	Europe
	.Western Europe
	..France
	...Nievre France
NT	Nivernais Plateau
RT	Morvan
	Yonne Valley
SN	Department in central France.

Niger
BT	Africa
	.West Africa
	..Niger
NT	Agades Niger
UF	Niger Republic
RT	Sahara
	Mali-Niger Syneclise
	Niger River
	Niger Valley
	Sahel
	Chad Basin
	Lake Chad
	Tibesti Massif
	West African Shield
	Younger Granites

Niger Delta
BT	Africa
	.West Africa
	..Nigeria
	...Niger Delta
RT	Gulf of Guinea
SN	On the Gulf of Guinea.

Niger Republic
USE	Niger

Niger River
BT	Africa
	.West Africa
	..Niger River
UF	Joliba River
	Kworra River
RT	Nigeria
	Mali
	Niger
	Benin
	Niger Valley
	Guinea
SN	Rises in Guinea and flows NE into a great curve and then SE into the Gulf of Guinea. Indexed with countries as applicable.

Niger Valley
BT	Africa
	.West Africa
	..Niger Valley
UF	Joliba Valley
	Kworra Valley
RT	Nigeria
	Mali
	Niger
	Benin
	Niger River
	Guinea
SN	River valley. Indexed with countries as applicable.

Nigeria
BT	Africa
	.West Africa
	..Nigeria
NT	Bida Nigeria
	Ewekoro
	Ibadan Nigeria
	Jos Plateau
	Lagos Lagoon
	Niger Delta
	Sokoto Basin
	Zaria Nigeria
RT	Adamawa
	Ameki Formation
	Victoria Island
	Asu River Group
	Benue Valley
	Imo Shale
	Mali-Niger Syneclise
	Niger River
	Niger Valley
	Chad Basin
	Lake Chad
	Ewekoro Formation
	Younger Granites
	Zagami Meteorite

nigerite
BT	oxides
	.nigerite

niggliite
BT	alloys
	.niggliite
RT	platinum
	platinum minerals
	tin

Nihewan Formation
BT	Chronostratigraphic Units
	.Phanerozoic
	..Cenozoic
	...Quarternary
	....Pleistocene
	.....Nihewan Formation
RT	China
	Hebei China
SN	Hebei Province of N China. Added to Thesaurus in 1989.

Nihon'arupusu
USE	Japanese Alps

Nihonkai-Chuba earthquake 1983
USE	Japan Sea earthquake 1983

Nihonkai-Chubu earthquake 1983
USE	Japan Sea earthquake 1983

Niigata earthquake 1964
BT	earthquakes
	.Niigata earthquake 1964
RT	Honshu
	Japan
	Niigata Japan
SN	Epicenter near Niigata, NW Honshu, Japan. Added to Thesaurus in 1985.

Niigata Japan
BT	nshu
	.Niigata Japan
NT	Kashiwazaki Japan
	Myoko Mountain
	Shinano River
RT	Chubu Japan
	Japanese Alps
	Awashima
	Niigata earthquake 1964
	Sado Island
SN	Prefecture including the city in NW Honshu.

Nikitovka Ukraine
BT	Europe
	.Ukraine
	..Nikitovka Ukraine
SN	City in central Donetsk (formerly Stalino) Oblast in Donets Basin. This term has multiple hierarchies.

Nikolai Greenstone
RT	Alaska
	Permian
	Permian-Triassic boundary
	Triassic
SN	E Alaska. Indexed with ages as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1985.

Nikopol Ukraine
BT	Europe
	.Ukraine
	..Dnepropetrovsk Ukraine
	...Nikopol Ukraine
SN	City in Dnepropetrovsk Oblast in E central Ukraine. This term has multiple hierarchies.

Niksic Yugoslavia
BT	Europe
	.Southern Europe
	..Yugoslavia
	...Montenegro
	....Niksic Yugoslavia
SN	Town in W Montenegro.

Nile Delta
BT	Africa
	.North Africa
	..Egypt
	...Nile Delta
UF	Nile River delta
RT	Nile River
	DSDP Site 131
SN	On Mediterranean Sea E of Alexandria.

Nile River
BT	Africa
	.Nile River
RT	Ethiopia
	Egypt
	Aswan Dam
	Blue Nile
	Sudan
	Uganda
	Burundi
	Nile Delta
SN	The longest river in the world. Its remotest headstream is the Luvironza River in Burundi. The flow is through Lake Victoria and Lake Albert, and then, as the White Nile, into Sudan where it unites with the Blue Nile from Ethiopia as the Nile proper which

Nile River delta
USE	Nile Delta

Nile Valley
BT	Africa
	.Nile Valley
RT	Egypt
	Sudan
	Nubia
	Middle Nile Valley
SN	River valley of the Nile River proper. Indexed with countries as applicable.

Nilgiri
SN	No longer a valid term for GeoRef. Former Indian state near coast of NW Bay of Bengal. Became part of Orissa state, established 1950. Was also sometimes used for Nilgiri Hills. See Orissa India.

Nilssoniales
BT	Plantae
	.Spermatophyta
	..Gymnospermae
	...Nilssoniales

Nimba Mountains
BT	Africa
	.West Africa
	..Nimba Mountains
RT	Ivory Coast
	Liberia
	Guinea
SN	West African bulge. Also search Nimba. Indexed with countries as applicable.

Ninetyeast Ridge
BT	Indian Ocean
	.Ninetyeast Ridge
RT	Leg 121
	Leg 26
	Leg 22
	DSDP Site 214
	DSDP Site 216
	DSDP Site 217
	DSDP Site 253
	DSDP Site 254
	ODP Site 756
	ODP Site 757
	ODP Site 758
SN	Undersea ridge extending N and S along line of 90#DG E longitude from just S of Nicobar Islands to approximately 30#DG S latitude. Also search East Indian Ridge.

Ning-hsia China
USE	Ningxia China

Ninghsia China
USE	Ningxia China

Ningsia China
USE	Ningxia China

Ningxia China
BT	Asia
	.Far East
	..China
	...Ningxia China
UF	Ning-hsia China
	Ninghsia China
	Ningsia China
RT	Haiyuan earthquake 1920
	Ordos Basin
SN	Autonomous region, NW China.

niningerite
BT	sulfides
	.niningerite
RT	meteorites
SN	Meteorite mineral.

Niniyur Group
BT	Chronostratigraphic Units
	.Phanerozoic
	..Cenozoic
	...Paleogene
	....Paleocene
	.....Danian
	......Niniyur Group
RT	Upper Cretaceous
	India
	Tamil Nadu India
SN	S India.

niobates
BT	oxides
	.niobates
NT	aeschynite
	loparite
	nenadkevichite
	niobotantalates
	zirconolite
UF	columbates

niobium
BT	metals
	.niobium
UF	columbium
	Nb
RT	niobium ores
	high-field-strength elements
	tantalum
SN	Chemical element. Use niobium ores for niobium as a commodity.

niobium ores
BT	metal ores
	.niobium ores
RT	pyrochlore
	columbite
	tantalum ores
	niobium

niobotantalates
BT	oxides
	.niobates
	..niobotantalates
BT	oxides
	.tantalates
	..niobotantalates
NT	betafite
	columbite
	euxenite
	fergusonite
	ixiolite
	microlite
	pyrochlore
	samarskite
	stibiotantalite
	tantalite
	tapiolite
	wodginite
SN	This term has multiple hierarchies.

Niobrara County Wyoming
BT	United States
	.Wyoming
	..Niobrara County Wyoming
RT	Black Hills
	Walker Creek Field
SN	E Wyoming.

Niobrara Formation
BT	Chronostratigraphic Units
	.Phanerozoic
	..Mesozoic
	...Cretaceous
	....Upper Cretaceous
	.....Niobrara Formation
RT	New Mexico
	Wyoming
	Montana
	Colorado
	Nebraska
	North Dakota
	Minnesota
	Kansas
	South Dakota
	Colorado Group
	Fort Hays Limestone Member
	Smoky Hill Chalk Member
SN	In Colorado Group. Includes Fort Hays Limestone Member, Smoky Hill Chalk Member.

Nipissing Diabase
BT	Chronostratigraphic Units
	.Precambrian
	..Nipissing Diabase
RT	Canada
	Ontario
	Quebec

Nipissing District Ontario
BT	Canada
	.Eastern Canada
	..Ontario
	...Nipissing District Ontario
NT	Brent Crater
	Lake Nipissing
	North Bay Ontario
UF	District of Nipissing
SN	SE central Ontario.

Nisku Formation
BT	Chronostratigraphic Units
	.Phanerozoic
	..Paleozoic
	...Devonian
	....Upper Devonian
	.....Nisku Formation
RT	Alberta
	Birdbear Formation
SN	In Winterburn Group. Term restricted to region in central Alberta. For Upper Devonian strata in Montana, North Dakota and Saskatchewan, see Birdbear Formation. Added to Thesaurus in 1989.

Nisqually Glacier
BT	United States
	.Washington
	..Pierce County Washington
	...Nisqually Glacier
RT	Mount Rainier
SN	On S slope of Mt Rainier in Mt. Rainier National Park in W central Washington.

nitrate deposits
RT	nitrates
SN	Commodity. See List C.

nitrate ion
RT	critical load
	ions
	geochemistry
	nitrates
	nitrification
	nitrite ion
SN	Added to Thesaurus in 1985.

nitrates
RT	minerals
	nitrate deposits
	nitrate ion
SN	Used for minerals. As of 1981, use nitrate deposits for nitrate as a commodity. As of 1998, use nitrate ion for pollution.

nitric acid
BT	inorganic acids
	.nitric acid
UF	HNO3
RT	nitrogen dioxide

nitrides
BT	alloys
	.nitrides

nitrification
RT	ammonia compound
	ammonium
	biochemistry
	biogenic processes
	geomicrobiology
	nitrate ion
	geochemistry
	nitrite ion
	nitrogen
	oxidation
	processes
	soils

nitrite ion
UF	nitrites
RT	geochemistry
	pollutants
	nitrification
	ions
	nitrate ion
	nitrogen
SN	Also used for any organic or inorganic compound containing the NO-` radical. Added to Thesaurus in 1998.

nitrites
USE	nitrite ion

nitrogen
NT	N-15
	N-15/N-14
	organic nitrogen
RT	chemical elements
	critical load
	fertilizers
	geochemical cycle
	nitrification
	nitrite ion
	soils

nitrogen dioxide
UF	NO2
RT	geochemistry
	atmosphere
	oxides
	gases
	nitric acid

nitrous oxide
UF	laughing gas
RT	geochemistry
	oxides
	gases
SN	Added to Thesaurus in 1985.

Nittany Valley
BT	United States
	.Pennsylvania
	..Nittany Valley
RT	Centre County Pennsylvania
	Clinton County Pennsylvania
SN	In Centre and Clinton counties in central Pennsylvania. Indexed with counties as applicable.

Nitzschia
BT	Plantae
	.algae
	..diatoms
	...Nitzschia
RT	microfossils
SN	Genus. Indexed with microfossils if applicable.

nivation
UF	snow-patch erosion
RT	glaciers
	erosion
	water erosion
	sheet erosion

Nivernais Hills
USE	Nivernais Plateau

Nivernais Plateau
BT	Europe
	.Western Europe
	..France
	...Nievre France
	....Nivernais Plateau
UF	Nivernais Hills
SN	In central France.

Nix Olympia
USE	Olympus Mons

Nixon Fork Terrane
BT	United States
	.Alaska
	..West-Central Alaska
	...Nixon Fork Terrane
RT	Coast Belt
SN	In Medfra Quadrangle, central Alaska. Added to Thesaurus in 1989.

Nizhni Novgorod Russian Federation
USE	Nizhniy Novgorod Russian Federation

Nizhniy Novgorod Russian Federation
BT	Commonwealth of Independent States
	.Russian Federation
	..Nizhniy Novgorod Russian Federation
BT	Europe
	.Nizhniy Novgorod Russian Federation
UF	Gorki Russian Federation
	Gorkiy Russian Federation
	Gorky Russian Federation
	Nizhni Novgorod Russian Federation
SN	Oblast and city, SE Russian Federation. Before 1993, also search Gorki Russian Republic. This term has multiple hierarchies.

Nizhniy Ufaley Russian Federation
USE	Ufaley Russian Federation

Nizke Jesenik Mountains
USE	Nizky Jezenik Mountains

Nizke Tatra
USE	Low Tatra Mountains

Nizky Jezenik Mountains
BT	Europe
	.Central Europe
	..Czech Republic
	...Moravia
	....Nizky Jezenik Mountains
UF	Low Jesenik Mountains
	Nizke Jesenik Mountains
SN	In NW Czech Republic near the Polish border. Also search Nizky Jezenik.

NMO
USE	normal moveout

NMR data
USE	NMR spectra

NMR spectra
BT	spectra
	.NMR spectra
UF	NMR data
	nuclear magnetic resonance spectra
RT	spectroscopy
	nuclear magnetic resonance
SN	Used for data. For methodology, use nuclear magnetic resonance. Added to Thesaurus in 1982.

nnepin County Minnesota
NT	Minneapolis Minnesota

No (element)
USE	nobelium

NO2
USE	nitrogen dioxide

NOAA
BT	government agencies
	.NOAA
UF	National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
RT	United States
SN	Acronym. Added to Thesaurus in 1989.

Noachian
RT	Mars
SN	Oldest system of three in the Martian stratigraphic column. Added to Thesaurus in 1993.

nobelium
BT	metals
	.actinides
	..nobelium
UF	No (element)
SN	Chemical element.

Noble County Indiana
BT	Indiana
	.Noble County Indiana
SN	NE Indiana.

Noble County Ohio
BT	United States
	.Ohio
	..Noble County Ohio
SN	E Ohio.

Noble County Oklahoma
BT	United States
	.Oklahoma
	..Noble County Oklahoma
SN	N Oklahoma.

noble gases
NT	argon
	helium
	krypton
	neon
	radon
	xenon
UF	inert gases
	rare gases
RT	isotopes
	gases

Nobles County Minnesota
BT	United States
	.Minnesota
	..Nobles County Minnesota

Nodaway County Missouri
BT	United States
	.Missouri
	..Nodaway County Missouri

Nodosaria
BT	Invertebrata
	.Protista
	..Foraminifera
	...Rotaliina
	....Nodosariacea
	.....Nodosariidae
	......Nodosaria
RT	microfossils
SN	Genus. Indexed with microfossils if applicable.

Nodosariacea
BT	Invertebrata
	.Protista
	..Foraminifera
	...Rotaliina
	....Nodosariacea
NT	Nodosariidae
RT	microfossils
SN	Indexed with microfossils if applicable.

Nodosariidae
BT	Invertebrata
	.Protista
	..Foraminifera
	...Rotaliina
	....Nodosariacea
	.....Nodosariidae
NT	Lenticulina
	Nodosaria
RT	microfossils
SN	Family. Indexed with microfossils if applicable.

nodules
UF	manganese nodules
RT	sedimentation
	ocean floors
	oceanography
	metal ores
	marine geology
	secondary structures
	sedimentary structures
	manganese composition
	concretions
	Law of the Sea
	ferromanganese composition
	MANOP
	phosphate composition
SN	As of 1981, restricted to nodules on the ocean floor, nodules within sediments in the ocean, and nodules in lakes. For nodules in non-sedimentary formations, use xenoliths. For nodules within sedimentary formations, such as chert nodules, use concretions.

Noeggerathiales
BT	Plantae
	.Pteridophyta
	..Noeggerathiales

Nohi Rhyolite
BT	nshu
	.Nohi Rhyolite
RT	Iwate
	Iwate Japan
SN	Complex in central Japan.

noise
RT	filters
	geophysical methods
	microseisms
	seismology
	signal-to-noise ratio
	signals
SN	Before 1978, also search seismic noise.

Nojiri Lake
BT	nshu
	.Nagano Japan
	..Nojiri Lake
SN	Central Honshu, near Nagano-Niigata prefectural border.

Nokomis Group
BT	Chronostratigraphic Units
	.Precambrian
	..Nokomis Group
RT	Saskatchewan
	Manitoba
	Kisseynew Complex
SN	Hornblende gneiss in the Kisseynew Complex. Conformably overlain by the Sherridon Group. Added to Thesaurus in 1989.

Nolan County Texas
BT	United States
	.Texas
	..Nolan County Texas

Nome Alaska
BT	United States
	.Alaska
	..West-Central Alaska
	...Nome Alaska
RT	Seward Peninsula
SN	City on S side of Seward Peninsula, W Alaska.

nomenclature
UF	terminology
RT	classification
	definition
	identification
	homonymy
	new names

nomograms
UF	nomographs
RT	data processing

nomographs
USE	nomograms

non-glacial
SN	A valid index term through 1976. See ice.

non-glacial ice
SN	As of 1981, no longer a valid term for GeoRef. Use ice.

non-linear distortion
RT	distortion
	elastic waves
	seismology
SN	Added to Thesaurus in 1981.

non-linear materials
RT	engineering geology
	materials
SN	Added to Thesaurus in 1981.

non-saturated zone
USE	unsaturated zone

Nonacho Basin
BT	Canada
	.Western Canada
	..Mackenzie District Northwest Territories
	...Nonacho Basin
SN	Paleoproterozoic basin E of Great Slave Lake in Northwest Territories. This term has multiple hierarchies. Added to Thesaurus in 1989.

nonaqueous phase liquids
NT	dense nonaqueous phase liquids
	light nonaqueous phase liquids
UF	NAPLs
RT	pollutants
	liquid phase
	pump-and-treat
	oil spills
	leaking underground storage tanks
SN	Before 1993, also search NAPL. Added to Thesaurus in 1993.

Noncalcarea
USE	Silicispongiae

nonconformities
SN	Use unconformities if applicable.

Nonesuch Shale
BT	Chronostratigraphic Units
	.Precambrian
	..Nonesuch Shale
RT	Wisconsin
	Michigan
	Oronto Group
SN	In Oronto Group. N Michigan and NE Wisconsin.

Nong-Son Vietnam
BT	Asia
	.Far East
	..Vietnam
	...Nong-Son Vietnam
UF	Nongson
SN	Village in Quang Nam Province in central Vietnam.

Nongson
USE	Nong-Son Vietnam

nonmagnetic minerals
RT	heavy minerals
	magnetic anomalies
	magnetic hysteresis
	magnetic methods
	magnetic properties
	magnetic susceptibility
	minerals
	properties
SN	Indexed with only when this concept is emphasized. Added to Thesaurus in 1993.

nonmare basalt
USE	KREEP

nonmetal deposits
UF	nonmetallic minerals
RT	industrial minerals
	native elements
	metal ores
	economic geology
	nonmetals

nonmetallic minerals
USE	nonmetal deposits

nonmetals
RT	chemical elements
	metals
	native elements
	nonmetal deposits
SN	Use nonmetal deposits for nonmetals as a commodity.

nonpoint sources
UF	sources, nonpoint
RT	pollution
	ground water
	surface water
	water quality
	point sources
SN	Added to Thesaurus in 1985.

nontectonics
USE	atectonic processes

nonterrigenous
SN	A valid term through 1977. Included use in combination with clastic rocks or clastic sediments. See clastic rocks or clastic sediments.

nonterrigenous materials
SN	As of 1981, no longer a valid term for GeoRef. Term was introduced in 1978. Before 1978, also search nonterrigenous AND (clastic rocks or clastic sediments). See clastic rocks or clastic sediments.

nontronite
BT	silicates
	.sheet silicates
	..clay minerals
	...nontronite
UF	chloropal
	gramenite
	morencite
	pinquite
RT	montmorillonite

Noonday Dolomite
BT	Chronostratigraphic Units
	.Precambrian
	..Noonday Dolomite
RT	California
SN	Underlies Johnnie Formation; overlies Kingston Peak Formation with disconformity or slight angular unconformity.

Nopah Formation
BT	Chronostratigraphic Units
	.Phanerozoic
	..Paleozoic
	...Cambrian
	....Upper Cambrian
	.....Nopah Formation
RT	California
	Nevada
	Dunderberg Shale
SN	Occurs in Death Valley of SE California and W Nevada. Includes Dunderberg Shale and Halfpint Member. Added to Thesaurus in 1989.

Nopah Range
BT	United States
	.California
	..Nopah Range
RT	Basin and Range Province
	San Bernardino County California
	Inyo County California
SN	SE California. Indexed with counties and mountain range as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1985.

Noranda Quebec
BT	Canada
	.Eastern Canada
	..Quebec
	...Noranda Quebec
RT	Horne Mine
SN	Mining city in SW Quebec.

norbergite
BT	halides
	.fluorides
	..norbergite
BT	silicates
	.orthosilicates
	..nesosilicates
	...humite group
	....norbergite
SN	This term has multiple hierarchies.

Nord Fjord
BT	Europe
	.Western Europe
	..Scandinavia
	...Norway
	....Nord Fjord
SN	Inlet of Norwegian Sea.

Nord France
BT	Europe
	.Western Europe
	..France
	...Nord France
NT	Dunkirk France
	Lille France
	Valenciennes France
RT	Nord-Pas-de-Calais Basin
SN	Department in extreme N France. Before 1981, Nord was used for the department. Also search Nord Department.

Nord-Pas-de-Calais Basin
BT	Europe
	.Western Europe
	..France
	...Nord-Pas-de-Calais Basin
RT	Pas-de-Calais France
	Nord France
SN	In extreme N France. Indexed with departments as applicable.

Nord-Trondelag Norway
BT	Europe
	.Western Europe
	..Scandinavia
	...Norway
	....Nord-Trondelag Norway
RT	Trondelag
SN	County N of Trondheim Fjord in central Norway.

Nordaustlandet
BT	Arctic region
	.Svalbard
	..Spitsbergen
	...Nordaustlandet
SN	Norwegian for North East Land. One of the islands of the Spitsbergen group in Barents Sea NE of island of Spitsbergen.

Nordegg Member
BT	Chronostratigraphic Units
	.Phanerozoic
	..Mesozoic
	...Jurassic
	....Lower Jurassic
	.....Nordegg Member
RT	Alberta
	British Columbia
	Fernie Formation
SN	NW Alberta, NE British Columbia. Of the Fernie Formation. Added to Thesaurus in 1995.

Nordland Norway
BT	Europe
	.Western Europe
	..Scandinavia
	...Norway
	....Nordland Norway
NT	Bleikvassli
	Lofoten Islands
	Narvik Norway
	Ofoten
	Rana Fjord
RT	Vesteralen
	Lapland
SN	County in W Norway.

Nordlingen
USE	Ries Crater

Nordlinger Ries
USE	Ries Crater

Nordlinger Ries Crater
USE	Ries Crater

nordstrandite
BT	oxides
	.nordstrandite
RT	aluminum oxides

NORESS
UF	Norwegian Regional Seismic Array
RT	seismology
	Norway
	arrays
	seismic networks
	Scandinavia
SN	Acronym. Small-aperture seismic array. Added to Thesaurus in 1993.

Norfolk County Massachusetts
BT	United States
	.Massachusetts
	..Norfolk County Massachusetts
RT	Massachusetts Bay
	Boston Harbor
SN	E Massachusetts.

Norfolk County Virginia
USE	Norfolk Virginia

Norfolk England
BT	Europe
	.Western Europe
	..United Kingdom
	...Great Britain
	....England
	.....East Anglia
	......Norfolk England
NT	Norwich England
SN	County in SE England.

Norfolk Island
BT	West Pacific Ocean Islands
	.Norfolk Island
SN	Midway between New Caledonia and N New Zealand. An external territory of Australia.

Norfolk Ridge
BT	Pacific Ocean
	.South Pacific
	..Southwest Pacific
	...Norfolk Ridge
SN	Between New Caledonia and Norfolk Island in SW Pacific Ocean. This term has multiple hierarchies.

Norfolk Virginia
BT	United States
	.Virginia
	..Norfolk Virginia
UF	Norfolk County Virginia
SN	Independent city which now includes the formerly surrounding Norfolk County in SE Virgina.

Norian
BT	Chronostratigraphic Units
	.Phanerozoic
	..Mesozoic
	...Triassic
	....Upper Triassic
	.....Norian
RT	Stuhini Group
SN	Europe. Above Carnian, below Rhaetian.

Noril'sk Russian Federation
USE	Norilsk Russian Federation

Norilsk region
BT	Commonwealth of Independent States
	.Russian Federation
	..Krasnoyarsk Russian Federation
	...Taymyr Dolgan-Nenets Russian Federation
	....Norilsk region
RT	copper ores
	nickel ores
	Norilsk Russian Federation
SN	A mining area in the Taymyr National Okrug connected to the town of Dudinka on the Yenisei River by a 60 mile narrow gage rail line. This term has multiple hierarchies.

Norilsk Russian Federation
BT	Commonwealth of Independent States
	.Russian Federation
	..Krasnoyarsk Russian Federation
	...Taymyr Dolgan-Nenets Russian Federation
	....Norilsk Russian Federation
UF	Noril'sk Russian Federation
RT	Norilsk region
SN	Town in Taymyr National Okrug in N Siberia. Before 1993, Norilsk Russian Republic was also used. This term has multiple hierarchies.

norite
BT	igneous rocks
	.plutonic rocks
	..gabbros
	...norite

normal
SN	A valid term through 1977. After 1977, use normal faults or normal folds.

normal earthquake
USE	shallow-focus earthquakes

normal faults
BT	faults
	.normal faults
UF	gravity faults
	normal slip faults
RT	block structures
	listric faults
SN	Before 1978, also search faults AND normal; slump faults.

normal folds
BT	folds
	.normal folds
RT	symmetric folds
SN	Before 1978 search folds AND normal.

normal moveout
UF	NMO
	normal moveouts
RT	reflection methods
	elastic waves
	seismic methods
	arrival time
	moveout
	common-depth-point method
	velocity analysis
	stacking
	traveltime
SN	Sometimes abbreviated NMO. Added to Thesaurus in 1989.

normal moveouts
USE	normal moveout

normal slip faults
USE	normal faults

Norman County Minnesota
BT	United States
	.Minnesota
	..Norman County Minnesota

Norman Wells Northwest Territories
BT	Canada
	.Western Canada
	..Mackenzie District Northwest Territories
	...Norman Wells Northwest Territories
SN	Village on the Mackenzie River in W Mackenzie District, W Northwest Territories. This term has multiple hierarchies.

Normandie
USE	Normandy

Normandy
BT	Europe
	.Western Europe
	..France
	...Normandy
UF	Normandie
RT	Manche France
	Calvados France
	Seine-Maritime France
	Eure France
	Orne France
SN	Historical region of NW France. Indexed with departments as applicable.

Normanskill Formation
BT	Chronostratigraphic Units
	.Phanerozoic
	..Paleozoic
	...Ordovician
	....Middle Ordovician
	.....Normanskill Formation
RT	Vermont
	New York
	Massachusetts
SN	Comprises Mount Merino Chert and Shale, Austin Glen Grit and Shale. NW Massachusetts, E New York, and SW Vermont.

Normapolles
BT	palynomorphs
	.miospores
	..Normapolles
RT	microfossils
SN	Indexed with microfossils if applicable.

norms, petrographic
USE	petrographic norms

Norphlet Formation
BT	Chronostratigraphic Units
	.Phanerozoic
	..Mesozoic
	...Jurassic
	....Norphlet Formation
RT	Louisiana
	Texas
	Arkansas
SN	Underlies Smackover Formation; overlies Louann Salt. Subsurface.

Norrbotten Sweden
BT	Europe
	.Western Europe
	..Scandinavia
	...Sweden
	....Norrbotten Sweden
NT	Gallivare Sweden
	Kebnekaise
	Kiruna Sweden
	Laisvall Sweden
RT	Lapland
	Skellefte mining district
SN	County in N Sweden.

NORSAR
UF	Norwegian Large Aperture Seismic Array
RT	seismology
	Norway
	arrays
	seismic networks
	Scandinavia
SN	Acronym. Added to Thesaurus in 1989.

Norseman Australia
BT	Australasia
	.Australia
	..Western Australia
	...Norseman Australia
RT	Norseman-Wiluna Belt
SN	Town in S central Western Australia.

Norseman-Wiluna Belt
BT	Australasia
	.Australia
	..Western Australia
	...Norseman-Wiluna Belt
RT	gold ores
	Norseman Australia
	Wiluna Australia
SN	W Australia. Mainly gold ores. Added to Thesaurus in 1993.

norsethite
BT	carbonates
	.norsethite

North Africa
BT	Africa
	.North Africa
NT	Algeria
	Atlas Mountains
	Ceuta
	Egypt
	Ghadames Basin
	Libya
	Maghreb
	Melilla
	Morocco
	Tunisia
	Western Sahara
RT	West Africa
	Nubian Sandstone
	Central Africa
	Southern Africa
	Calabrian Arc
	East Africa
SN	A region. Indexed with countries as applicable.

North America
NT	Appalachian Basin
	Appalachians
	Basin and Range Province
	Belt Basin
	Borden Aquifer
	Canadian Shield
	Cerro Prieto Fault
	Champlain Valley
	Chihuahua tectonic belt
	Chitistone Pass
	Coast plutonic complex
	Dakota Aquifer
	Denali Fault
	Detroit River
	Disturbed Belt
	Eastern Overthrust Belt
	Glacier National Park
	Great Lakes
	Great Lakes region
	Great Plains
	Hueco Bolson
	Humber Zone
	Intermontane Belt
	Juan de Fuca Strait
	Keweenawan Rift
	Kootenay Arc
	Lake Champlain
	Lake of the Woods
	Lake of the Woods region
	Lake Superior region
	Leech River Fault
	Methow Basin
	Mexicali Valley
	Michigan Basin
	Mississippi River basin
	Missouri River basin
	Niagara Escarpment
	Niagara Falls
	Niagara River
	North American Cordillera
	North American Craton
	Okanagan Valley
	Okanogan Range
	Omineca Belt
	Pedregosa Basin
	Peninsular Ranges Batholith
	Purcell Mountains
	Rainy River
	Rio Grande Depression
	Rio Grande Rift
	Rocky Mountain Trench
	Rocky Mountains
	Rocky Mountains foreland
	Saganaga Lake
	Saint Clair River
	Saint Clair River delta
	Saint Elias Mountains
	Saint Lawrence Lowlands
	Saint Lawrence River
	Saint Lawrence River basin
	Saint Lawrence Valley
	Saint Pierre and Miquelon
	San Jacinto Fault
	Shuksan Thrust
	Shuswap Complex
	Skagit Valley
	Sonoran Desert
	Straight Creek Fault
	Strait of Georgia
	Sweetgrass Arch
	Tanana River
	Tintina Fault
	Transcontinental Arch
	Western Canada Basin
	Western Interior
	Western Overthrust Belt
	Williston Basin
	Yukon River
	Yukon-Tanana Terrane
RT	Agua Blanca Fault
	America
	Avalonia
	Avalonian Orogeny
	Beringia
	Cache Creek Terrane
	Canada
	Champlain Sea
	Coast Mountains
	Coast Ranges
	Colorado River basin
	Columbia River basin
	Cordilleran ice sheet
	Cordilleran Orogeny
	DNAG
	Gorda Plate
	Gulf Coastal Plain
	Lak
SN	To retrieve all documents, Canada, United States, and Mexico, should also be searched (see list O).

North American Atlantic
SN	No longer a valid term for GeoRef. Used from 1981-1994 for western Atlantic bounded on the north by the Arctic Ocean, generally about 70#DGN latitude, on the east by the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, and on the south by 10#DGN latitude. See North Atlantic.

North American Cordillera
BT	North America
	.North American Cordillera
NT	Canadian Cordillera
RT	Canada
	United States
	U. S. Rocky Mountains
	Mexico
	Coast Mountains
	Alaska Range
	Coast Belt
	Cascade Range
	Rocky Mountains
	Western Interior Seaway
	Sierra Nevada
	Coast Ranges
	Cordilleran ice sheet
	Kootenay Arc
	Sierra Madre
SN	Before 1981, search Cordillera AND North America. Added to Thesaurus in 1981.

North American Craton
BT	North America
	.North American Craton
RT	Canadian Shield
	Midcontinent
SN	Area of North American continent where basement is buried by Precambrian and Phanerozoic sedimentary cover. Added to Thesaurus in 1993.

North American Pacific
SN	Used from 1981-1994 for a region in the northeastern Pacific bounded on the north by the Bering Sea, on the east by North and Central America, on the south by the equator, and on the west by the 180#DG meridian, with the exception of an area bounded by an

North American Plate
RT	Cascadia subduction zone
	Explorer Plate
	Farallon Plate
	North America
	plate tectonics
	plates
SN	Includes North America N of central America as well as all the North Atlantic Ocean W of the Mid-Ocean Ridge. Indexed with geographic area and/or age as applicable.

North Anatolian Fault
BT	Asia
	.Middle East
	..Turkey
	...North Anatolian Fault
SN	W Turkey. Added to Thesaurus in 1989.

North Arcot India
BT	Asia
	.Indian Peninsula
	..India
	...Tamil Nadu India
	....North Arcot India
SN	District in E central Tamil Nadu, S India.

North Atlantic
BT	Atlantic Ocean
	.North Atlantic
NT	Atlantis fracture zone
	Atlantis II
	Atlantis Seamount
	Azores-Gibraltar Ridge
	Baltic Sea
	Baltimore Canyon
	Baltimore Canyon Trough
	Barbados Ridge
	Barracuda Ridge
	Bay of Biscay
	Bay of Fundy
	Bermuda Rise
	Blake Plateau
	Blake-Bahama Basin
	Blake-Bahama Outer Ridge
	Block Island Sound
	Cape Verde Basin
	Cape Verde Rise
	Caribbean Sea
	Celtic Sea
	English Channel
	Exuma Sound
	Flemish Cap
	Frobisher Bay
	Georges Bank
	Georges Bank basin
	Gibbs fracture zone
	Goban Spur
	Gorringe Bank
	Great Bahama Bank
	Great Meteor Seamount
	Gulf of Guinea
	Gulf of Maine
	Gulf of Mexico
	Gulf of Saint Lawrence
	Hatteras abyssal plain
	Hayes fracture zone
	Hibernia Field
	Hudson Bay
	Hudson Strait
	Iceland-Faeroe Ridge
	Irish Sea
	Jeanne d'Arc Basin
	Kane fracture zone
	Labrador Basin
	Labrador Sea
	Little Bahama Bank
	Long Island Sound
	Lydonia Canyon
	Madeira abyssal plain
	Maury Channel
	Mazagan Plateau
	Nares abyssal plain
	New England Seamounts
	North Sea
	Northeast Atlantic
	Northeast Providence Channel
	Northwest Atlantic
	Northwest Providence Channel
	Oceanographer fracture zone
	Oresund
	Puerto Rico Trench
	Reykjanes Ridge
	Rockall Bank
	Rockall Plateau
	Rockall Trough
	Sable Island Bank
	Sargasso Sea
	Scotian Shelf
	Sierra Leone Rise
	Snakepit hydrothermal field
	Sohm abyssal plain
	Straits of Florida
	TAG hydrothermal field
	Tongue of the Ocean
	Trou Sans Fond
	Vema fracture zone
	Wilkinson Basin
	Wilmington Canyon
	Yucatan Channel
RT	AMCOR
	Davis Strait
	Chesapeake Bay
	Blake-Bahama Formation
	Black Rock
	DSDP Site 5
	DSDP Site 118
	Cumberland Basin
	DSDP Site 7
	Delaware Bay
	DSDP Site 10
	DSDP Site 105
	DSDP Site 108
	DSDP Site 11
	DSDP Site 111
	DSDP Site 115
	DSDP Site 27
	DSDP Site 28
	DSDP Site 4
SN	Before 1978, search Atlantic Ocean AND north. Before 1995, also search European Atlantic.

North Atlantic Deep Water
RT	Arctic Ocean
	Atlantic Ocean
	Bering Sea
	bottom water
	North Atlantic
	ocean circulation
SN	Indexed with specific ocean terms as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1989.

North Atlantic Ridge
SN	No longer a valid term for GeoRef. A valid term from 1981-1994. As of 1995, use Mid-Atlantic Ridge and North Atlantic.

North Australian Seas
SN	No longer a valid term for GeoRef. Included seas of the Pacific Ocean just N of Australia. As of 1995, see Arafura Sea or Timor Sea.

North Austrian Alps
BT	Europe
	.Alps
	..North Austrian Alps
BT	Europe
	.Central Europe
	..Austria
	...North Austrian Alps
RT	Hochschwab
SN	This term has multiple hierarchies. Added to Thesaurus in 1981.

North Austrian Crystallines
BT	Europe
	.Central Europe
	..Austria
	...North Austrian Crystallines
RT	Lower Austria
	Upper Austria
SN	Added to Thesaurus in 1981.

North Austrian Molasse
BT	Europe
	.Central Europe
	..Austria
	...North Austrian Molasse
SN	Added to Thesaurus in 1981.

North Bay Ontario
BT	Canada
	.Eastern Canada
	..Ontario
	...Nipissing District Ontario
	....North Bay Ontario
SN	City on Lake Nipissing in SE Ontario.

North Borneo
USE	Sabah Malaysia

North Bulgarian Hills
BT	Europe
	.Southern Europe
	..Bulgaria
	...North Bulgarian Hills
SN	Added to Thesaurus in 1981.

North Carolina
BT	United States
	.North Carolina
NT	Alamance County North Carolina
	Alexander County North Carolina
	Alleghany County North Carolina
	Anson County North Carolina
	Ashe County North Carolina
	Avery County North Carolina
	Beaufort County North Carolina
	Bertie County North Carolina
	Bladen County North Carolina
	Brunswick County North Carolina
	Buncombe County North Carolina
	Burke County North Carolina
	Cabarrus County North Carolina
	Caldwell County North Carolina
	Camden County North Carolina
	Cape Fear Arch
	Carteret County North Carolina
	Caswell County North Carolina
	Catawba County North Carolina
	Chatham County North Carolina
	Cherokee County North Carolina
	Chowan County North Carolina
	Clay County North Carolina
	Cleveland County North Carolina
	Columbus County North Carolina
	Craven County North Carolina
	Cumberland County North Carolina
	Currituck County North Carolina
	Dare County North Carolina
	Davidson County North Carolina
	Davie County North Carolina
	Duplin County North Carolina
	Durham County North Carolina
	Edgecombe County North Carolina
	Forsyth County North Carolina
	Franklin County North Carolina
	Gaston County North Carolina
	Gates County North Carolina
	Graham County North Carolina
	Granville County North Carolina
	Greene County North Carolina
	Guilford County North Carolina
	Halifax County North Carolina
	Harnett County North Carolina
	Haywood County North Carolina
	Henderson County North Carolina
	Hertford County North Carolina
	Hoke County North Carolina
	Hyde County North Carolina
	Iredell County North Carolina
	Jackson County North Carolina
	Johnston County North Carolina
	Jones County North Carolina
	Lee County North Carolina
	Lenoir County North Carolina
	Lincoln County North Carolina
	Macon County North Carolina
	Madison County North Carolina
	Martin County North Carolina
	McDowell County North Carolina
	Mecklenburg County North Carolina
	Mitchell County North Carolina
	Montgomery County North Carolina
	Moore County North Carolina
	Nash County North Carolina
	Neuse River
	New Hanover County North Carolina
	Northampton County North Carolina
	Onslow Bay
	Onslow County North Carolina
	Orange County North Carolina
	Pamlico County North Carolina
	Pamlico River
	Pamlico Sound
	Pasquotank County North Carolina
	Pender County North Carolina
	Perquimans County North Carolina
	Person County North Carolina
	Pitt County North Carolina
	Polk County North Carolina
	Pungo River
	Randolph County North Carolina
	Richmond County North Carolina
	Robeson County North Carolina
	Rockingham County North Carolina
	Rowan County North Carolina
	Rutherford County North Carolina
	Sampson County North Carolina
	Scotland County North Carolina
	Stanly County North Carolina
	Stokes County North Carolina
	Surry County North Carolina
	Swain County North Carolina
	Transylvania County North Carolina
	Tyrrell County North Carolina
	Union County North Carolina
	Vance County North Carolina
	Wake County North Carolina
	Warren County North Carolina
	Washington County North Carolina
	Watauga County North Carolina
	Wayne County North Carolina
	Wilkes County North Carolina
	Wilson County North Carolina
	Yadkin County North Carolina
	Yancey County North Carolina
RT	Appalachian Basin
	Brevard Zone
	Atlantic Coastal Plain
	Avalon Zone
	Ashe Formation
	Carolina Bays
	Carolina slate belt
	Beaufort Formation
	Black Creek Formation
	Blue Ridge Mountains
	Blue Ridge Province
	Cape Lookout
	Carolina Terrane
	Castle Hayne Limestone
	Charl

North Caucasus
USE	Northern Caucasus

North Central (United States)
USE	Midwest

North China Block
USE	North China Platform

North China Platform
BT	Asia
	.Far East
	..China
	...North China Platform
UF	North China Block
SN	E China. Indexed with Chinese provinces as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1993.

North Dakota
BT	United States
	.North Dakota
NT	Adams County North Dakota
	Barnes County North Dakota
	Benson County North Dakota
	Billings County North Dakota
	Bottineau County North Dakota
	Bowman County North Dakota
	Burke County North Dakota
	Burleigh County North Dakota
	Cass County North Dakota
	Cavalier County North Dakota
	Dickey County North Dakota
	Divide County North Dakota
	Dunn County North Dakota
	Eddy County North Dakota
	Emmons County North Dakota
	Foster County North Dakota
	Golden Valley County North Dakota
	Grand Forks County North Dakota
	Grant County North Dakota
	Griggs County North Dakota
	Hettinger County North Dakota
	Kidder County North Dakota
	Lamoure County North Dakota
	Logan County North Dakota
	McHenry County North Dakota
	McIntosh County North Dakota
	McKenzie County North Dakota
	McLean County North Dakota
	Mercer County North Dakota
	Morton County North Dakota
	Mountrail County North Dakota
	Nelson County North Dakota
	Oliver County North Dakota
	Pembina County North Dakota
	Pierce County North Dakota
	Ramsey County North Dakota
	Ransom County North Dakota
	Renville County North Dakota
	Richland County North Dakota
	Rolette County North Dakota
	Sargent County North Dakota
	Sheridan County North Dakota
	Sioux County North Dakota
	Slope County North Dakota
	Stark County North Dakota
	Steele County North Dakota
	Stutsman County North Dakota
	Towner County North Dakota
	Traill County North Dakota
	Walsh County North Dakota
	Ward County North Dakota
	Wells County North Dakota
	Williams County North Dakota
RT	Beaverhill Lake Group
	Amsden Formation
	Bakken Formation
	Colorado Group
	Bighorn Dolomite
	Birdbear Formation
	Bullion Creek Formation
	Fort Union Formation
	Cedar Creek Anticline
	Charles Formation
	Dakota Formation
	Devils Lake
	Duperow Formation
	Elk Point Group

North Devon Island
USE	Devon Island

North Fiji Basin
BT	Pacific Ocean
	.South Pacific
	..Southwest Pacific
	...North Fiji Basin
UF	Fiji Basin, North
RT	Vanuatu
	Fiji
SN	N and E of Vanuatu Arc, W of Fiji., SW Pacific. Also search Fiji Basin. This term has multiple hierarchies.

North German Plain
BT	Europe
	.Central Europe
	..Germany
	...North German Plain
RT	North Rhine-Westphalia Germany
	Hamburg Germany
	Lower Saxony Germany
	Schleswig-Holstein Germany
	Saxony-Anhalt Germany
	Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania Germany
	Berlin Germany
	Brandenburg Germany
	Northeastern German Plain
SN	Roughly the northern one-third of Germany. Indexed with states as applicable.

North Greenland
USE	Northern Greenland

North Horn Formation
RT	K-T boundary
	Paleocene
	Upper Cretaceous
	Utah
SN	Upper Cretaceous and Paleocene. Central Utah. Indexed with ages as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1985.

North Island
RT	Auckland New Zealand
	Bay of Islands
	Bay of Plenty
	Broadlands
	Coromandel Peninsula
	Crater Lake
	Edgecumbe earthquake 1987
	Gisborne New Zealand
	Hawke's Bay New Zealand
	Kaipara Harbor
	Lake Taupo
	Manawatu River valley
	Mokoia New Zealand
	New Zealand
	Ngauruhoe
	N
SN	The northernmost of 3 main islands of New Zealand. Also in other locations. Also index county or country as applicable.

North Kona
USE	Kona

North Korea
BT	Asia
	.Far East
	..Korea
	...North Korea
NT	Kangwon North Korea
RT	South Korea
SN	Officially Democratic People's Republic of Korea. Republic, on E coast of Asia, bounded on N by China, on NE by Russian Federation, on E by Japan Sea, on S by South Korea, and on W by the Yellow Sea and Korea Bay.

North Ossetia Russian Federation
BT	Commonwealth of Independent States
	.Russian Federation
	..North Ossetia Russian Federation
BT	Europe
	.Ossetia
	..North Ossetia Russian Federation
RT	Northern Caucasus
	Malgobek Russian Federation
	Sadon Russian Federation
SN	Former North Ossetian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. On N slopes of central Caucasus Mountains. Before 1993, North Ossetia Russian Republic was also used. This term has multiple hierarchies.

North Pacific
BT	Pacific Ocean
	.North Pacific
NT	Aleutian Ridge
	Aleutian Trench
	Bering Sea
	Mid-Pacific Mountains
	Monterey Fan
	Northeast Pacific
	Northwest Pacific
RT	Leg 19
	South Pacific
	Southwest Pacific
	West Pacific
	Southeast Pacific
	California Current
	East Pacific
	Equatorial Pacific
	Leg 17
	Kuroshio
	United States Exclusive Economic Zone
	Leg 143
	Leg 145
	Pacific Basin
	ODP Site 885
	ODP Site 886
SN	Before 1978, search Pacific Ocean AND north.

North Palm Springs earthquake 1986
BT	earthquakes
	.North Palm Springs earthquake 1986
RT	California
	Riverside County California
SN	Riverside County, S California. Added to Thesaurus in 1989.

North Polar Sea
USE	Arctic Ocean

North Pole
BT	Arctic region
	.North Pole
RT	Makarov Basin
	polar caps
	polar regions
SN	The N extremity of the Earth's axis at 90#DG N latitude and the point from which all directions are S.

North Pole Deposit
BT	Australasia
	.Australia
	..Western Australia
	...North Pole Deposit
RT	barite deposits
SN	Barite deposit in Western Australia. Also search North Pole AND Australia.

North Pyrene

North Pyrenean Fault
BT	Europe
	.Western Europe
	..North Pyrenean Fault
RT	France
	Spain
	Pyrenees
	French Pyrenees
	Spanish Pyrenees
SN	Indexed with countries as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1989.

North Ray Crater
BT	Moon
	.North Ray Crater

North Rhine
BT	Europe
	.Central Europe
	..Germany
	...North Rhine-Westphalia Germany
	....North Rhine
SN	North portion of former Prussian Rhine Province which included Aachen, Cologne and Dusseldorf.

North Rhine-Westphalia Germany
BT	Europe
	.Central Europe
	..Germany
	...North Rhine-Westphalia Germany
NT	Aachen Germany
	Bergisch Gladbach Germany
	Bergisches Land
	Bochum Germany
	Cologne Germany
	Ebbe Anticlinorium
	Ibbenburen Germany
	Kamen Germany
	Krefeld Germany
	Lindlar Germany
	Lippe Valley
	Munster Germany
	Munsterland
	North Rhine
	Paderborn Germany
	Plettenberg Germany
	Ruhr
	Sauerland
	Siebengebirge
	Wiehen Mountains
RT	Hohe Venn
	Rhenish Schiefergebirge
	North German Plain
	Weser River
	Ems River
	Essen Beds
	Steinheim Germany
	Teutoburg Forest
	Westphalia
	Rhineland
SN	State, W Germany.

North Saskatchewan River
BT	Canada
	.North Saskatchewan River
RT	Alberta
	Saskatchewan
	Saskatchewan River
	South Saskatchewan River
SN	Rises in Columbia Icefield at foot of Mt. Saskatchewan in Alberta. Indexed with provinces as applicable.

North Sea
BT	Atlantic Ocean
	.North Atlantic
	..North Sea
NT	Dogger Bank
	East Shetland Basin
	Ekofisk Field
	Forties Field
	Kattegat
	Norwegian Channel
	Orcadian Basin
	Oseberg Field
	Skagerrak
	Troll Field
	Viking Graben
UF	North Sea Basin
RT	Broom Formation
	Etive Formation
	English Channel
	North Sea region
	Brent Group
	Ness Formation
	Central Graben
	Ekofisk Formation
	Dunlin Group
	East Frisian Islands
	Moray Firth
	Helgoland
	Highland Boundary Fault
	Kimmeridge Clay
	Leman Sandstone Formation
	Rannoch
SN	Between the European continent on the S and E, and Great Britain on the W.

North Sea Basin
USE	North Sea

North Sea Coast
BT	Europe
	.North Sea Coast
RT	England
	France
	Germany
	Sweden
	Netherlands
	Scotland
	Belgium
	Norway
	Denmark
SN	Indexed with England, Scotland and European countries as applicable.

North Sea region
RT	Belgium
	Denmark
	England
	France
	Germany
	Netherlands
	North Sea
	Norway
	Scotland
	Sweden
SN	Indexed with countries as applicable.

North Shore Volcanics
BT	Chronostratigraphic Units
	.Precambrian
	..North Shore Volcanics
RT	Minnesota
	Keweenawan
SN	In Keweenawan Group. NE Minnesota.

North Siberian Plain
BT	Commonwealth of Independent States
	.Russian Federation
	..Siberian Platform
	...North Siberian Plain
SN	This term has multiple hierarchies. Added to Thesaurus in 1981.

North Slope
RT	Arctic Coastal Plain
	Barrow Field
	Endicott Group
	Ivishak Formation
	National Petroleum Reserve Alaska
	Northern Alaska
	Prudhoe Bay
	Prudhoe Bay Field
	Simpson Field
	Umiat Field
SN	Arctic plains N of Brooks Range to Arctic Ocean. Indexed with Northern Alaska as applicable.

North Sudetic Basin
BT	Europe
	.Central Europe
	..North Sudetic Basin
RT	Poland
	Czech Republic
	Bohemia
	Sudeten
	Sudeten Mountains
	Sudetic Basin
SN	North part of the Sudetic Basin in the Sudeten Mountains. Indexed with countries as applicable.

North Victoria Land
USE	Victoria Land

North Vietnam
USE	Vietnam

North Yorkshire England
BT	Europe
	.Western Europe
	..United Kingdom
	...Great Britain
	....England
	.....Yorkshire England
	......North Yorkshire England
NT	Ingleborough
	York England
RT	Howgill Fells
	Ingleton England
SN	County in NE England. Formed in 1974 from North Riding in Yorkshire County.

North-Central (United States)
USE	Midwest

North-West Frontier Pakistan
BT	Asia
	.Indian Peninsula
	..Pakistan
	...North-West Frontier Pakistan
NT	Chitral Pakistan
	Hazara Pakistan
	Peshawar Pakistan
	Swat Pakistan
RT	Sulaiman Range
SN	W Pakistan.

North-West P

North-West Province South Africa
BT	Africa
	.Southern Africa
	..South Africa
	...North-West Province South Africa
NT	Ventersdorp South Africa
UF	North-West South Africa
RT	Transvaal region
	Cape Province region
	Bushveld Complex
	Klerksdorp Field
	Vaal River
	Witwatersrand
SN	NE South Africa. Formerly parts of NE Cape Province and W Transvaal. Also search (Cape Province region or Transvaal region).

North-West South Africa
USE	North-West Province South Africa

Northampton County North Carolina
BT	United States
	.North Carolina
	..Northampton County North Carolina
SN	NE North Carolina.

Northampton County Pennsylvania
BT	United States
	.Pennsylvania
	..Northampton County Pennsylvania
SN	E Pennsylvania.

Northampton County Virginia
BT	United States
	.Virginia
	..Northampton County Virginia
SN	E Virginia.

Northamptonshire England
BT	Europe
	.Western Europe
	..United Kingdom
	...Great Britain
	....England
	.....Northamptonshire England
RT	Midlands
	East Midlands
SN	County in central England.

Northeast Atlantic
BT	Atlantic Ocean
	.North Atlantic
	..Northeast Atlantic
NT	Iberian abyssal plain
RT	South Atlantic
	East Atlantic
	Northwest Atlantic
	Southeast Atlantic
	Southwest Atlantic
	West Atlantic
	ODP Site 897
	ODP Site 898
	ODP Site 899
	ODP Site 900
	ODP Site 901
	ODP Site 958
	ODP Site 980
	ODP Site 981
	ODP Site 982
SN	Before 1978, search Atlantic Ocean AND northeast.

Northeast Japan
USE	Tohoku

Northeast Pacific
BT	Pacific Ocean
	.North Pacific
	..Northeast Pacific
BT	Pacific Ocean
	.East Pacific
	..Northeast Pacific
NT	Astoria Canyon
	Axial Seamount
	Blanco fracture zone
	Bowie Seamount
	Bristol Bay
	Cascadia Basin
	Cascadia Channel
	Clarion fracture zone
	Clipperton fracture zone
	Cobb Seamount
	Escanaba Trough
	Gorda Rise
	Guatemala Basin
	Gulf of Alaska
	Gulf of California
	Gulf of Panama
	Hawaiian Ridge
	Hess Deep
	Juan de Fuca Ridge
	Loihi Seamount
	Mendocino fracture zone
	Middle America Trench
	Monterey Canyon
	Monterey Fan
	Murray fracture zone
	Navarin Basin
	Norton Sound
	Orozco fracture zone
	Queen Charlotte Basin
	Quinault Canyon
	Redondo Canyon
	Rivera fracture zone
	San Diego Trough
	Santa Monica Basin
	Siqueiros fracture zone
	Tamayo fracture zone
RT	California Current
	Cascadia subduction zone
	Cocos Ridge
	Coos Bay
SN	Before 1978, search Pacific Ocean AND northeast. Before 1995, North American Pacific and parts of Polynesian Pacific and South Polynesian Pacific were also sometimes used. This term has multiple hierarchies.

Northeast Providence Channel
BT	Atlantic Ocean
	.North Atlantic
	..Northeast Providence Channel
RT	Bahamas
	DSDP Site 98
	Leg 11
	Northwest Providence Channel
	ODP Site 636
SN	Strait NE of Nassau between Great Abaco and Eleuthera islands. Before 1993, Bahamas was a broader term.

Northeastern German Plain
BT	Europe
	.Central Europe
	..Germany
	...Northeastern German Plain
RT	North German Plain
SN	Added to Thesaurus in 1981.

Northeastern Hungarian Hills
BT	ngary
	.Northeastern Hungarian Hills
SN	Added to Thesaurus in 1981.

Northeastern India
BT	Asia
	.Indian Peninsula
	..India
	...Northeastern India
NT	Arunachal Pradesh India
	Assam India
	Manipur India
	Meghalaya India
	Nagaland India
	Tripura India
SN	Added to Thesaurus in 1981.

Northeastern Polish Plain
BT	Europe
	.Central Europe
	..Poland
	...Northeastern Polish Plain
SN	Added to Thesaurus in 1981.

Northeastern USSR
SN	No longer a valid term for GeoRef. Valid 1978-1992. As of 1993, see Russian Federation. Before 1978, also search USSR AND northeast. After 1980, term referred to the region W of the Soviet Pacific region.

Northern Alaska
BT	United States
	.Alaska
	..Northern Alaska
NT	Arctic National Wildlife Refuge
	Barrow Alaska
	Brooks Range
	National Petroleum Reserve Alaska
	Prudhoe Bay
	Prudhoe Bay Field
	Umiat Field
RT	Arctic Coastal Plain
	North Slope
	Barrow Field
	Point Barrow
	Beaufort-Mackenzie Basin
	Colville River
	Colville River delta
	Trans-Alaska Pipeline
	Yukon-Koyukuk Basin
	Meade Basin
SN	Artificial region based on U.S. Geological Survey quadrangle designations. Also search specific quadrangles if applicable. Indexed with quadrangles as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1993.

Northern Andes
BT	South America
	.Andes
	..Northern Andes
RT	Central Andes
	Southern Andes
SN	Before 1978, search Andes AND north or northern.

Northern Apennines
BT	Europe
	.Southern Europe
	..Italy
	...Apennines
	....Northern Apennines
SN	Before 1981, also search Apennines AND North. Extend SE to Scheggia Pass. Added to Thesaurus in 1981.

Northern Appalachians
BT	North America
	.Appalachians
	..Northern Appalachians
RT	Southern Appalachians
	Central Appalachians
	Humber Zone
	Meguma Terrane
SN	Before 1978, search Appalachians AND north or northern.

Northern California
BT	United States
	.California
	..Northern California
RT	Cape Mendocino earthquakes 1992
	Shoo Fly Complex
	Josephine Ophiolite
	Josephine Peridotite
	Sacramento River
SN	Before 1981, also search California AND North. Added to Thesaurus in 1981.

Northern Cape Province South Africa
BT	Africa
	.Southern Africa
	..South Africa
	...Northern Cape Province South Africa
NT	Kimberley South Africa
	Postmasburg South Africa
UF	Northern Cape South Africa
RT	Broken Hill Mine
	Cape Province region
	Karroo Basin
	Namaqualand
	Namaqualand metamorphic complex
	Orange River
	Vaal River
SN	W South Africa. Before 1998, also search Cape Province region.

Northern Cape South Africa
USE	Northern Cape Province South Africa

Northern Caucasia
USE	Northern Caucasus

Northern Caucasus
BT	Commonwealth of Independent States
	.Russian Federation
	..Northern Caucasus
BT	Europe
	.Caucasus
	..Northern Caucasus
NT	Peredovoy Range
	Sunzha
	Urup mining district
UF	Ciscaucasia
	North Caucasus
	Northern Caucasia
RT	Krasnodar Russian Federation
	Caucasus Foreland
	Kuban
	Chechen-Ingush Russian Federation
	Dagestan Russian Federation
	Kabardin-Balkar Russian Federation
	North Ossetia Russian Federation
	Stavropol Russian Federation
SN	N part of the Caucasus comprising former Chechen-Ingush ASSR, S half of Krasnodar Kray, and the Daghestan, Kabardin-Balkar, and North Ossetian former ASSRs. This term has multiple hierarchies.

Northern China
SN	No longer a valid term for GeoRef. See provinces: Hebei China, Inner Mongolia China, Shanxi China, and Beijing China and Tianjin China.

Northern Dvina River
BT	Commonwealth of Independent States
	.Russian Federation
	..Northern Dvina River
BT	Europe
	.Northern Dvina River
RT	Arkhangelsk Russian Federation
	Komi Russian Federation
SN	Chief river of the White Sea Basin in NW European Russian Federation. Before 1995, also search Dvina River in combination with (Russian Republic or Russian Federation). This term has multiple hierarchies.

Northern Europe
SN	Not a valid term for GeoRef. Use Western Europe.

Northern German Hills
BT	Europe
	.Central Europe
	..Germany
	...Northern German Hills
SN	Added to Thesaurus in 1981.

Northern Great Plains
BT	North America
	.Great Plains
	..Northern Great Plains
RT	Southern Great Plains
SN	Before 1978, search Great Plains AND north or northern.

Northern Greenland
BT	Arctic region
	.Greenland
	..Northern Greenland
UF	North Greenland
SN	Added to Thesaurus in 1985.

Northern Hemisphere
RT	Eastern Hemisphere
	Laurasia
	Pangaea
	Southern Hemisphere
	Western Hemisphere
SN	Used when discussing many large areas too numerous to mention.

Northern Highlands
RT	Florida
	Mars
SN	After 1993, see Scottish Northern Highlands if applicable. Indexed with Mars or Florida if applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1981.

Northern Ireland
BT	Europe
	.Western Europe
	..United Kingdom
	...Northern Ireland
NT	Antrim Northern Ireland
	Belfast Northern Ireland
	Fermanagh Northern Ireland
	Giant's Causeway
	Londonderry Northern Ireland
	Tyrone Northern Ireland
RT	Ireland
	White Limestone
	Sherwood Sandstone
SN	Divided into 26 administrative districts comprising the NE part of island of Ireland. Before 1974, was divided into the traditional counties of Antrim, Armagh, Down, Fermangh, Londonderry and Tyrone which are still used. Before 1978, also search Ulster.

Northern Light Lake
BT	Canada
	.Eastern Canada
	..Ontario
	...Thunder Bay District Ontario
	....Northern Light Lake
SN	In SW Ontario just N of Minnesota border.

Northern Limestone Alps
BT	Europe
	.Central Europe
	..Northern Limestone Alps
BT	Europe
	.Alps
	..Eastern Alps
	...Northern Limestone Alps
BT	Europe
	.Alps
	..Limestone Alps
	...Northern Limestone Alps
UF	Kalkalpen, Nordliche
RT	Dinaric Alps
	Austria
	Bavaria Germany
	Bavarian Alps
SN	Northerly branch of Eastern Alps which occurs chiefly in Austria and S Bavaria. Before 1994, also search Limestone Alps and country of interest. This term has multiple hierarchies. Also index countries and mountain ranges as applicable.

Northern Nigeria
SN	No longer a valid term for GeoRef. Valid 1981-1992.

Northern Norway
BT	Europe
	.Western Europe
	..Scandinavia
	...Norway
	....Northern Norway
SN	S boundary is Trondheim. Added to Thesaurus in 1981.

Northern Peninsula, Michigan
USE	Michigan Upper Peninsula

Northern Province South Africa
BT	Africa
	.Southern Africa
	..South Africa
	...Northern Province South Africa
UF	Northern Transvaal South Africa
RT	Transvaal region
	Limpopo Basin
	Bushveld Complex
	Merensky Reef
	Waterberg System
	Lebombo Mountains
	Wolkberg Group
SN	NE South Africa. N part of former Transvaal province. Northern Transvaal was also used in the mid-1990's transition period. Before 1998, also search Transvaal region.

Northern Range
RT	Trinidad
	Trinidad and Tobago
SN	N Trinidad. May also occur in other locations. Indexed with Trinidad as applicable.

Northern Rhodesia
USE	Zambia

Northern Rocky Mountains
BT	North America
	.Rocky Mountains
	..Northern Rocky Mountains
RT	U. S. Rocky Mountains
	Canadian Rocky Mountains
	Central Rocky Mountains
	Southern Rocky Mountains
	Rocky Mountain Trench
SN	Before 1978, also search Rocky Mountains AND north or northern.

Northern Swiss Alps
BT	Europe
	.Central Europe
	..Switzerland
	...Swiss Alps
	....Northern Swiss Alps
SN	This term has multiple hierarchies. Added to Thesaurus in 1981.

Northern Territory Australia
BT	Australasia
	.Australia
	..Northern Territory Australia
NT	Alice Springs Australia
	Alligator Rivers Field
	Arunta Block
	Gosses Bluff
	Harts Range
	Jabiluka Australia
	Katherine Australia
	Ngalia Basin
	Pine Creek Geosyncline
	Tennant Creek Australia
RT	Amadeus Basin
	McArthur Basin
	Bathurst Island
	Arunta Complex
	Bitter Springs Formation
	Joseph Bonaparte Gulf
	Cahill Formation
	Carpentaria Basin
	Melville Island
	Georgina Basin
	Great Artesian Basin
	Henbury Meteorite
	Kombolgie Formation
	Musgrave Ranges
	Pacoota

Northern Transvaal South Africa
USE	Northern Province South Africa

Northern Urals
BT	Commonwealth of Independent States
	.Russian Federation
	..Northern Urals
BT	Commonwealth of Independent States
	.Urals
	..Northern Urals
RT	Kozhim River
	Polar Urals
SN	Before 1978, search Urals AND north or northern. This term has multiple hierarchies.

Northland New Zealand
BT	Australasia
	.New Zealand
	..Northland New Zealand
RT	North Island
SN	Provincial district, N North Island. Also index North Island.

Northridge earthquake 1994
BT	earthquakes
	.Northridge earthquake 1994
UF	Los Angeles earthquake 1994
RT	California
	Los Angeles California
	San Fernando Valley
	Transverse Ranges
SN	Epicenter in San Fernando Valley, NW of metropolitan Los Angeles, S California. Added to Thesaurus in 1998.

Northumberland County New Brunswick
BT	Canada
	.Eastern Canada
	..Maritime Provinces
	...New Brunswick
	....Northumberland County New Brunswick
NT	Newcastle New Brunswick
SN	Bordering Gulf of Saint Lawrence in N central New Brunswick. Before 1978, also search Northumberland AND New Brunswick.

Northumberland County Ontario
BT	Canada
	.Eastern Canada
	..Ontario
	...Northumberland County Ontario
SN	Bordering Lake Ontario in S Ontario. Before 1978, also search Northumberland AND Ontario.

Northumberland County Pennsylvania
BT	United States
	.Pennsylvania
	..Northumberland County Pennsylvania
SN	E central Pennsylvania.

Northumberland County Virginia
BT	United States
	.Virginia
	..Northumberland County Virginia
SN	E Virginia.

Northumberland England
BT	Europe
	.Western Europe
	..United Kingdom
	...Great Britain
	....England
	.....Northumberland England
NT	Meldon Aplite
RT	Dudley England
	Newcastle England
SN	County in N England on border of Scotland. In 1974, S part of county was taken to form Tyne and Wear.

Northumberland Strait
BT	Canada
	.Northumberland Strait
RT	New Brunswick
	North Atlantic
	Gulf of Saint Lawrence
	Prince Edward Island
	Kouchibouguac Bay
SN	Channel of the Gulf of Saint Lawrence between Prince Edward Island on the N, and New Brunswick and Nova Scotia on the SE and E respectively.

Northwest Atlantic
BT	Atlantic Ocean
	.North Atlantic
	..Northwest Atlantic
RT	Leg 164
	ODP Site 994
	ODP Site 995
	East Atlantic
	Northeast Atlantic
	Leg 155
	Leg 166
	ODP Site 902
	ODP Site 903
	ODP Site 904
	ODP Site 905
	ODP Site 906
	ODP Site 931
	ODP Site 932
	ODP Site 933
	ODP Site 934
	ODP Site 938
	ODP Site 939
	ODP Site 940
	ODP Site 944
	Sou
SN	Before 1978, search Atlantic Ocean AND northwest.

Northwest Pacific
BT	Pacific Ocean
	.North Pacific
	..Northwest Pacific
BT	Pacific Ocean
	.West Pacific
	..Northwest Pacific
NT	Bowers Ridge
	Celebes Sea
	China Sea
	Conical Seamount
	East China Sea
	East Mariana Basin
	Emperor Seamounts
	Erimo Seamount
	Hess Rise
	Izu-Bonin Arc
	Japan Sea
	Japan Trench
	Kashima Seamount
	Kuril Trench
	Mariana Trench
	Mariana Trough
	Nankai Trough
	Okhotsk Sea
	Okinawa Trough
	Osaka Bay
	Philippine Sea
	Pigafetta Basin
	Shatsky Rise
	Shikoku Basin
	South China Sea
	Sulu Sea
	Sumisu Rift
	Taiwan Strait
	Wodejebato Seamount
	Yellow Sea
RT	DSDP Site 183
	Bering Strait
	DSDP Site 168
	DSDP Site 169
	DSDP Site 170
	DSDP Site 193
	DSDP Site 194
	DSDP Site 46
	DSDP Site 51
	DSDP Site 52
	DSDP Site 55
	DSDP Site 56
	DSDP Site 57
	DSDP Site 58
	DSDP Site 59
	DSDP Site 61
	DSDP Site 62
	DSDP Site 63
	DSDP Site 65
	D
SN	Before 1978, search Pacific Ocean AND northwest. Before 1995, West Pacific and parts of Polynesian Pacific and South Polynesian Pacific were also sometimes used. This term has multiple hierarchies.

Northwest Providence Channel
BT	Atlantic Ocean
	.North Atlantic
	..Northwest Providence Channel
RT	Bahamas
	Great Bahama Bank
	Leg 101
	Little Bahama Bank
	Northeast Providence Channel
	ODP Site 634
	ODP Site 635
	Bimini
	Straits of Florida
SN	Channel between Grand Bahama Island and Bimini, linking Straits of Florida to Northeast Providence Channel. Before 1993, Bahamas was a broader term. Added to Thesaurus in 1989.

Northwest Shelf
SN	Not a valid GeoRef term. See Western Australia; Northern Territory Australia; continental shelf.

Northwest Territories
BT	Canada
	.Northwest Territories
NT	Franklin District Northwest Territories
	Keewatin District Northwest Territories
	Mackenzie District Northwest Territories
RT	Canadian Shield
	Arctic Coastal Plain
	Banks Island
	Bathurst Island
	Baffin Bay
	Churchill Province
	Bear Province
	Bear-Slave Operation
	Edmonton Formation
	Beaufort-Mackenzie Basin
	Cache Creek
	Christopher Formation
	Carswell Structure
	Dunvegan Formation
	Eureka S
SN	Before 1971, also search Arctic America. Indexed with districts as applicable.

Northwestern China
SN	No longer a valid term for GeoRef. See provinces: Gansu China, Ningxia China, Qinghai China, Shaanxi China, and Xinjiang China.

Northwestern German Plain
BT	Europe
	.Central Europe
	..Germany
	...Northwestern German Plain
SN	Added to Thesaurus in 1981.

Northwestern Polish Plain
BT	Europe
	.Central Europe
	..Poland
	...Northwestern Polish Plain
RT	Polish Lowland
SN	Added to Thesaurus in 1981.

Northwestern Transdanubia
BT	ngary
	.Transdanubia
	..Northwestern Transdanubia
SN	Added to Thesaurus in 1981.

Northwestern USSR
SN	No longer a valid term for GeoRef. As of 1993, see Russian Federation or Siberia. Before 1978, search USSR AND northwest.

Norton Basin
RT	Alaska
	Bering Sea
	Norton Sound
SN	Off W Coast of Alaska. Indexed with Alaska regions and/or Bering Sea or region as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1985.

Norton County Kansas
BT	United States
	.Kansas
	..Norton County Kansas
RT	Norton County Meteorite
SN	NW Kansas.

Norton County Meteorite
BT	meteorites
	.stony meteorites
	..achondrites
	...chladnite
	....Norton County Meteorite
RT	Kansas
	Norton County Kansas
SN	Used to distinguish from place name, Norton County in Kansas. Before 1978, also search (Norton County Kansas OR Norton County) AND meteorites.

Norton Sound
BT	Pacific Ocean
	.North Pacific
	..Bering Sea
	...Norton Sound
BT	Pacific Ocean
	.North Pacific
	..Northeast Pacific
	...Norton Sound
RT	Norton Basin
SN	Arm of the Bering Sea, S of Seward Peninsula, W Alaska. This term has multiple hierarchies. Added to Thesaurus in 1981.

Norumbega fault zone
BT	United States
	.Maine
	..Norumbega fault zone
RT	Appalachians
SN	E Maine. Added to Thesaurus in 1989.

Norway
BT	Europe
	.Western Europe
	..Scandinavia
	...Norway
NT	Arendal Norway
	Bergen Norway
	Bjerkrem-Sogndal Massif
	Drammen Norway
	Finnmark Norway
	Folldal Norway
	Gudbrandsdalen
	Hardangervidda
	Jotunheim Mountains
	Kongsberg Norway
	Kristiansund Norway
	Nord Fjord
	Nord-Trondelag Norway
	Nordland Norway
	Northern Norway
	Oslo Graben
	Oslo Norway
	Ringerike
	Rogaland Norway
	Sogn
	Solund Islands
	Sor-Trondelag Norway
	Soroy
	Southern Norway
	Telemark Norway
	Troms Norway
	Trondelag
	Tunsbergdalsbreen
	Valdres
	Vest-Agder Norway
	Vesteralen
	Vestfold Norway
RT	Arctic region
	Baltic Glaciation
	NORESS
	NORSAR
	Baltic ice lake
	Litorina Sea
	Baltica
	Baltic Shield
	Fennoscandia
	North Sea Coast
	North Sea region
	Koli Nappe
	Ekofisk Formation
	Lapland
	Porsanger Dolomite Formation
	Sparagmite Group
	Ringerike Sandstone
	Sulitjelm

Norwegian Channel
BT	Atlantic Ocean
	.North Atlantic
	..North Sea
	...Norwegian Channel
UF	Norwegian Deep
	Norwegian Trough
SN	Undersea feature just off SW Norway.

Norwegian Deep
USE	Norwegian Channel

Norwegian Large Aperture Seismic Array
USE	NORSAR

Norwegian Regional Seismic Array
USE	NORESS

Norwegian Sea
BT	Arctic Ocean
	.Norwegian Sea
NT	Haltenbanken
	Icelandic Plateau
	Jan Mayen Ridge
	Knipovich Ridge
	Mohns Ridge
	Voring Plateau
UF	Greenland Sea
	Norwegian-Greenland Sea
RT	Atlantic Ocean
	Jan Mayen
	DSDP Site 336
	Leg 151
	ODP Site 909
	Garn Formation
	Leg 38
	DSDP Site 337
	DSDP Site 343
	DSDP Site 344
	DSDP Site 345
	DSDP Site 348
	DSDP Site 350
	DSDP Site 352
	Fram Strait
	ODP Site 908
	Kolbeinsey Island
	Leg 162
	ODP Site 907
	ODP Site 91
SN	Redefined for 1998 to include the former Greenland Sea. Between Greenland and Iceland on the west and Spitsbergen and Norway on the east.

Norwegian Trough
USE	Norwegian Channel

Norwegian-Greenland Sea
USE	Norwegian Sea

Norwich England
BT	Europe
	.Western Europe
	..United Kingdom
	...Great Britain
	....England
	.....East Anglia
	......Norfolk England
	.......Norwich England
SN	City in E England.

nosean
BT	silicates
	.framework silicates
	..sodalite group
	...nosean
UF	noselite

noseeum deposits
USE	carlin-type deposits

noselite
USE	nosean

Nothofagus
BT	Plantae
	.Spermatophyta
	..Angiospermae
	...Dicotyledoneae
	....Nothofagus
SN	Genus.

Nothosauria
BT	Chordata
	.Vertebrata
	..Tetrapoda
	...Reptilia
	....Diapsida
	.....Sauropterygia
	......Nothosauria
SN	Suborder.

Noto Peninsula
BT	nshu
	.Noto Peninsula
RT	Hokuriku
	Ishikawa Japan
	Toyama Japan
	Nanao Japan
SN	Large headland projecting N into Japan Sea in central Honshu. Indexed with prefecture as applicable.

Notoungulata
BT	Chordata
	.Vertebrata
	..Tetrapoda
	...Mammalia
	....Theria
	.....Eutheria
	......Notoungulata
UF	Notungulata
SN	Order.

Notre Dame Bay
BT	Canada
	.Eastern Canada
	..Newfoundland
	...Newfoundland Island
	....Notre Dame Bay
SN	Inlet of Atlantic Ocean on N coast of island of Newfoundland.

Nottingham England
BT	Europe
	.Western Europe
	..United Kingdom
	...Great Britain
	....England
	.....Nottinghamshire England
	......Nottingham England
SN	City in N central England.

Nottinghamshire England
BT	Europe
	.Western Europe
	..United Kingdom
	...Great Britain
	....England
	.....Nottinghamshire England
NT	Nottingham England
RT	Midlands
	East Midlands
SN	County in N central England. Before 1993, also search Nottingham England.

Nottoway County Virginia
BT	United States
	.Virginia
	..Nottoway County Virginia

Notungulata
USE	Notoungulata

Nouakchott Mauritania
BT	Africa
	.West Africa
	..Mauritania
	...Nouakchott Mauritania
SN	City in SW Mauritania near coast.

Noumea New Caledonia
BT	Oceania
	.Melanesia
	..New Caledonia
	...Noumea New Caledonia
SN	Town on SW coast of French island of New Caledonia E of Queensland, Australia.

Nova Scotia
BT	Canada
	.Eastern Canada
	..Maritime Provinces
	...Nova Scotia
NT	Annapolis County Nova Scotia
	Antigonish County Nova Scotia
	Cape Breton County Nova Scotia
	Cape Breton Island
	Chedabucto Bay
	Cobequid Bay
	Cobequid Fault
	Cobequid Highlands
	Colchester County Nova Scotia
	Cumberland County Nova Scotia
	Digby County Nova Scotia
	Gays River Deposit
	Guysborough County Nova Scotia
	Halifax County Nova Scotia
	Hants County Nova Scotia
	Inverness County Nova Scotia
	Kings County Nova Scotia
	Lunenburg County Nova Scotia
	Minas Basin
	Pictou County Nova Scotia
	Queens County Nova Scotia
	Richmond County Nova Scotia
	Sable Island
	Shelburne County Nova Scotia
	Victoria County Nova Scotia
	Yarmouth County Nova Scotia
RT	Annapolis Valley
	Avalon Zone
	Cumberland Basin
	Blue Mountain
	Loch Lomond
	Cape Sable
	Cumberland Group
	Horton Group
	Fisset Brook Formation
	Fourchu Group
	Gander Zone
	George River Group
	Goldenville Formation
	Meguma Group
	Halifax Formation
	Meguma Te

Nova Scotia Shelf
USE	Scotian Shelf

Nova Scotian Shelf
USE	Scotian Shelf

novaculite
BT	sedimentary rocks
	.clastic rocks
	..novaculite
UF	razor stone
RT	chemically precipitated rocks

Novaky Slovakia
BT	Europe
	.Central Europe
	..Slovakia
	...Novaky Slovakia
SN	Village in W central Slovakia. Before 1995, Novaky Czechoslovakia was also used.

Novara Italy
BT	Europe
	.Southern Europe
	..Italy
	...Piemonte Italy
	....Novara Italy
SN	City and province in NW Italy.

Novarupta
BT	United States
	.Alaska
	..Southwestern Alaska
	...Novarupta
RT	volcanoes
	Alaska Peninsula
	Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes
	Katmai National Park
SN	Volcano in Katmai National Park, S Aleutian Range, NE Alaska Peninsula, SW Alaska. Added to Thesaurus in 1995.

Novaya Zemlya
BT	Commonwealth of Independent States
	.Russian Federation
	..Arkhangelsk Russian Federation
	...Novaya Zemlya
BT	Commonwealth of Independent States
	.Urals
	..Novaya Zemlya
RT	Arctic region
SN	Two large islands of Arkhangelsk Oblast between Barents and Kara seas. This term has multiple hierarchies.

Noveau Quebec Crater
USE	New Quebec Crater

Novgorod Russian Federation
BT	Commonwealth of Independent States
	.Russian Federation
	..Novgorod Russian Federation
BT	Europe
	.Novgorod Russian Federation
SN	Oblast and city S of Saint Petersburg in NW Russian Federation. Before 1993, Novgorod Russian Republic was also used. This term has multiple hierarchies.

Novoraskoe Series
USE	Novorayskoe Formation

Novorayskoe Formation
BT	Chronostratigraphic Units
	.Phanerozoic
	..Mesozoic
	...Jurassic
	....Lower Jurassic
	.....Novorayskoe Formation
UF	Novoraskoe Series
	Novorayskoye Formation
RT	Ukraine
	Donets Basin
SN	In Donets Basin in E Ukraine.

Novorayskoye Formation
USE	Novorayskoe Formation

Novosibirsk Russian Federation
BT	Commonwealth of Independent States
	.Russian Federation
	..Novosibirsk Russian Federation
BT	Asia
	.Novosibirsk Russian Federation
RT	Vodino Russian Federation
SN	Oblast and city N of NE Kazakhstan in W Siberia. Before 1993, Novosibirsk Russian Republic was also used. This term has multiple hierarchies.

novoy Range#Uchur River basin#Udokan Series#Verkhoyansk region#Vilyu

Nowa Ruda Poland
BT	Europe
	.Central Europe
	..Poland
	...Walbrzych Poland
	....Nowa Ruda Poland
SN	Town near the border of Bohemia in W Walbrzych, SW Poland.

Nowa Sol Poland
BT	Europe
	.Central Europe
	..Poland
	...Zielona Gora Poland
	....Nowa Sol Poland
SN	City on the Oder River in W central Zielona Gora, W Poland.

Nowata County Oklahoma
BT	United States
	.Oklahoma
	..Nowata County Oklahoma

Nowy Sacz Poland
BT	Europe
	.Central Europe
	..Poland
	...Nowy Sacz Poland
NT	Grzybow
	Jordanow Poland
	Nowy Targ Poland
	Zakopane Poland
RT	Beskid Mountains
	Polish Carpathians
SN	City and province in N foothills of Carpathians in S Poland.

Nowy Targ Poland
BT	Europe
	.Central Europe
	..Poland
	...Nowy Sacz Poland
	....Nowy Targ Poland
UF	Newmarkt Poland
RT	Cracow Poland
SN	City at foot of Tatra Mountains in W central Nowy Sacz, S Poland.

Noxubee County Mississippi
BT	United States
	.Mississippi
	..Noxubee County Mississippi

Np
USE	neptunium

NPRA
USE	National Petroleum Reserve Alaska

NRC
USE	U. S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission

NRM
USE	natural remanent magnetization

nsdale County Colorado
NT	Slumgullion Landslide

NSF
BT	government agencies
	.NSF
UF	National Science Foundation
RT	United States
	policy
SN	Acronym. Added to Thesaurus in 1985.

nshu
NT	Abukuma Mountains
	Aichi Japan
	Aizu Basin
	Akita Japan
	Akiyoshi
	Aomori Japan
	Asama
	Ashio Japan
	Ashio Mine
	Atotsugawa Fault
	Awashima
	Chiba Japan
	Chiba Peninsula
	Chokai
	Chubu Japan
	Chugoku
	Dogo
	Fossa Magna
	Fuji River
	Fujiyama
	Fukui Japan
	Fukushima Japan
	Gifu Japan
	Gumma Japan
	Hakusan
	Hida metamorphic belt
	Hiroshima Japan
	Hiyoshi Japan
	Hokuriku
	Hyogo Japan
	Ibaraki Japan
	Ise Bay
	Itoigawa-Shizuoka tectonic line
	Iwate
	Iwate Japan
	Izu Peninsula
	Izu-shichito
	Japanese Alps
	Joban coal field
	Kanagawa Japan
	Kanto Mountains
	Kanto Plain
	Kii Peninsula
	Kinki Japan
	Kyoto Japan
	Maizuru Belt
	Matsushiro Japan
	Miho Bay
	Mino Belt
	Miura Peninsula
	Miyagi Japan
	Mount Hakone
	Nagano City Japan
	Nagano Japan
	Naka-no-umi
	Nara Japan
	Narugo Japan
	Nasudake
	Niigata Japan
	Nohi Rhyolite
	Noto Peninsula
	Okayama Japan
	Ontake
	Osaka Japan
	Ryoke Belt
	Sado Island
	Sagami Bay
	Saitama Japan
	Sangun Zone
	Shiga Japan
	Shimane Japan
	Shirasu River
	Shizuoka Japan
	Suruga Bay
	Takanuki Japan
	Tamagawa
	Tamba Plateau
	Tanzawa Mountains
	Tochigi Japan
	Tohoku
	Tokai Japan
	Tokyo Bay
	Tokyo Japan
	Tono Japan
	Tottori Japan
	Towada
	Toyama Japan
	Toyoma Japan
	Wakayama Japan
	Yahagi River
	Yake-Dake
	Yamagata Japan
	Yamaguchi Japan
	Yamanashi Japan
	Yamasaki Fault
	Yatsugatake
	Zao

nsutite
BT	oxides
	.nsutite
RT	vernadite

ntains#Blue Ridge Provin

nube Delta#Danube Plain#Danube River#Danube Valley#Dobruja Basin#Eastern Carpath

Nubia
BT	Africa
	.Nubia
RT	Egypt
	Sudan
	Nile Valley
SN	Region in Nile Valley extending from about 16#DG N to include Aswan and First Cataract. Indexed with countries as applicable.

Nubia Group
USE	Nubian Sandstone

Nubian Sandstone
UF	Nubia Group
RT	Mesozoic
	Cretaceous
	Tertiary
	Paleozoic
	Ethiopia
	Africa
	Egypt
	North Africa
	Middle East
	Jordan
	Sudan
	Libya
SN	Informal, used for Paleozoic-Mesozoic, Tertiary? unit which occurs in large parts of N Africa and the Middle East. Previously considered Cretaceous?. Indexed with ages as applicable.

Nubian Shield
BT	Africa
	.Nubian Shield
RT	Ethiopia
	Eritrea
	Egypt
	Sudan
SN	E Egypt, E Sudan, and N Ethiopia and Eritrea. Added to Thesaurus in 1981.

Nuckolls County Nebraska
BT	United States
	.Nebraska
	..Nuckolls County Nebraska

nuclear energy
UF	atomic energy
RT	energy
	energy sources
	Euratom
	nuclear facilities
SN	Also search nuclear AND energy.

nuclear explosions
BT	explosions
	.nuclear explosions
RT	seismology
	engineering geology
	spalling
	fireballs
	shatter cones

nuclear facilities
UF	facilities, nuclear
RT	earthquakes
	engineering geology
	faults
	geologic hazards
	marine installations
	design
	feasibility studies
	foundations
	Hanford Reservation
	INEEL
	Chernobyl Ukraine
	nuclear energy
	impact statements
	Los Alamos National Laboratory
	Nevada Test Site
	Oak Ridge Nati
SN	Also search nuclear AND facilities. Many also serve as waste disposal sites.

nuclear fallout
USE	fallout

nuclear fission
USE	fission

nuclear fusion
USE	fusion

nuclear geology
SN	Not a valid GeoRef index term after 1970. See nuclear energy; nuclear explosions; nuclear facilities; isotopes; radioactive isotopes.

nuclear magnetic resonance
BT	spectroscopy
	.nuclear magnetic resonance
RT	chemical analysis
	analysis
	electron paramagnetic resonance
	resonance
	NMR spectra
SN	As of 1982, for methodology only; use NMR spectra for data.

nuclear magnetic resonance spectra
USE	NMR spectra

nuclear science
SN	Now use isotopes, radioactive isotopes; nuclear facilities, nuclear energy, or nuclear explosions.

nuclear waste
USE	radioactive waste

nuclear waste repositories
SN	Not a valid term for GeoRef. After 1993, see storage or underground storage and radioactive waste or waste disposal.

nucleation
RT	crystal growth
SN	Restricted to use under crystal growth.

nucleosynthesis
SN	Not a valid GeoRef index term after 1971. Used in subfile G. Now use cosmochemistry or radioactivity as applicable.

Nuculanidae
BT	Invertebrata
	.Mollusca
	..Bivalvia
	...Nuculanidae
RT	Nuculidae

Nuculidae
BT	Invertebrata
	.Mollusca
	..Bivalvia
	...Nuculidae
RT	Nuculanidae

Nueces County Texas
BT	United States
	.Texas
	..Nueces County Texas
RT	Corpus Christi Bay
	Mustang Island
SN	On Gulf of Mexico in S Texas.

Nueces River
BT	United States
	.Texas
	..Nueces River
SN	Flows into Nueces Bay at head of Corpus Christi Bay in S Texas.

nuee ardentes
USE	nuees ardentes

nuees ardentes
UF	nuee ardentes
RT	volcanism
	igneous rocks
	volcanoes
	volcanic ash
	ash flows
	pyroclastic flows
	eruptions
	base surges
	pyroclastic surges
	gases
	magmatism
SN	Added to Thesaurus in 1993.

Nueva Esparta Venezuela
BT	South America
	.Venezuela
	..Nueva Esparta Venezuela
NT	Los Testigos
	Margarita Island
RT	Venezuelan Islands
SN	State comprising an island group in the Caribbean Sea off N coast.

Nuevo Leon Mexico
BT	Mexico
	.Nuevo Leon Mexico
RT	Rio Grande
	San Juan River
	Rio Grande Valley
	Sierra Madre Oriental
SN	State in W Mexico.

Nugget Sandstone
BT	Chronostratigraphic Units
	.Phanerozoic
	..Mesozoic
	...Jurassic
	....Lower Jurassic
	.....Nugget Sandstone
RT	Idaho
	Utah
	Wyoming
	Navajo Sandstone
SN	SW Wyoming, SE Idaho and NE Utah. Added to Thesaurus in 1985.

nuggets
RT	copper ores
	gold ores
	mineral deposits, genesis
	placers
	platinum ores
	silver ores
SN	Added to Thesaurus in 1989.

Nugssuak
USE	Nugssuaq

Nugssuaq
BT	Arctic region
	.Greenland
	..Nugssuaq
UF	Nugssuak
SN	Peninsula in W central coast of Greenland.

Nuk Gneiss
BT	Chronostratigraphic Units
	.Precambrian
	..Archean
	...Nuk Gneiss
RT	Greenland
	West Greenland
SN	S West Greenland. Added to Thesaurus in 1989.

Nullarbor Plain
BT	Australasia
	.Australia
	..Nullarbor Plain
RT	South Australia
	Western Australia
	Mundrabilla Meteorite
SN	Extends inland along entire Great Australian Bight in S Australia. Indexed with states as applicable.

numerical analysis
RT	analysis
	finite difference analysis
	finite element analysis
	geostatistics
	mathematical methods
	numerical models
	sensitivity analysis
	statistical analysis
SN	Also search numerical methods.

numerical filters
RT	filters
	inverse problem
SN	Added to Thesaurus in 1981.

numerical methods
SN	As of 1993, not a valid term for GeoRef. See numerical analysis or mathematical methods.

numerical models
RT	mathematical models
	models
	numerical analysis
	PHREEQE
	Richards equation
SN	Added to Thesaurus in 1985.

numerical seismograms
BT	seismograms
	.numerical seismograms
RT	synthetic seismograms
SN	Added to Thesaurus in 1981.

Nummi-Pusula Finland
BT	Europe
	.Western Europe
	..Scandinavia
	...Finland
	....Southern Finland Province
	.....Nummi-Pusula Finland
RT	Palmottu Project
SN	Administrative region, S Finland.

Nummulites
BT	Invertebrata
	.Protista
	..Foraminifera
	...Rotaliina
	....Rotaliacea
	.....Nummulitidae
	......Nummulites
NT	Operculina
RT	microfossils
SN	Genus. Indexed with microfossils if applicable.

Nummulitidae
BT	Invertebrata
	.Protista
	..Foraminifera
	...Rotaliina
	....Rotaliacea
	.....Nummulitidae
NT	Nummulites
RT	microfossils
	Heterostegina
SN	Indexed with microfossils if applicable.

nunataks
BT	glacial features
	.nunataks
RT	glacial geology
	glaciers
SN	Added to Thesaurus in 1985.

Nunavik Crater
USE	New Quebec Crater

Nunivak Island
BT	United States
	.Alaska
	..Southwestern Alaska
	...Nunivak Island
RT	Bering Sea
SN	Second largest island in Bering Sea. Off W coast of Alaska.

Nura-Tau
BT	Asia
	.Uzbekistan
	..Nura-Tau
UF	Nurata Mountains
	Nuratau
RT	Samarkand Uzbekistan
SN	Range in N Samarkand Oblast. This term has multiple hierarchies.

Nurata Mountains
USE	Nura-Tau

Nuratau
USE	Nura-Tau

NURE
UF	National Uranium Resource Evaluation Program
RT	United States
	uranium ores
	programs
	policy
	strategic minerals
SN	Acronym. Added to Thesaurus in 1985.

Nurek Tajikistan
BT	Asia
	.Tajikistan
	..Nurek Tajikistan
RT	Dushanbe Tajikistan
SN	Village in NE Dushanbe region in W Tajikistan. This term has multiple hierarchies.

Nuremberg Germany
BT	Europe
	.Central Europe
	..Germany
	...Bavaria Germany
	....Nuremberg Germany
UF	Nurnberg Germany
SN	City in N central Bavaria, SE Germany.

Nurnberg Germany
USE	Nuremberg Germany

nutation
RT	Earth
	motions
SN	Term reintroduced in 1985. Not a valid term from 1972-1984. Added to Thesaurus in 1985.

nutrients
RT	agrochemicals
	diet
	fertilization
	fertilizers
	major elements
	minor elements
	nutrition
	soils
	trace elements

nutrition
RT	bioavailability
	diet
	feeding
	metabolism
	nutrients
	paleontology
	predation
	trophic analysis

Nuwuk
SN	See Barrow Alaska for the Eskimo village in Point Barrow region.

NWIS-II
UF	National Water Information System-II
RT	data processing
	U. S. Geological Survey
	water resources
	hydrogeology
	information systems
	data bases
SN	Acronym. U. S. Geological Survey data base which replaced NWIS and WATSTORE. Added to Thesaurus in 1995.

Ny Friesland
BT	Arctic region
	.Svalbard
	..Spitsbergen
	...Spitsbergen Island
	....Ny Friesland
SN	Region on NE Spitsbergen Island.

Nyasaland
USE	Malawi

Nye County Nevada
BT	United States
	.Nevada
	..Nye County Nevada
NT	Beatty Nevada
	Grant Canyon Field
	Pahute Mesa
	Rainier Mesa
	Tonopah Nevada
	Trap Spring Field
	Yucca Mountain
RT	Toquima Range
	Mount Jefferson
	Death Valley
	Egan Range
	Railroad Valley
	Grant Range
	Shoshone Mountains
	Toiyabe Range
	Yucca Flat
	Round Mountain
SN	S and central Nevada.

Nyeman River basin
USE	Neman River basin

Nyiragongo
BT	Africa
	.Central Africa
	..Congo Democratic Republic
	...Kivu Congo Democratic Republic
	....Nyiragongo
UF	Nyiragongo Volcano
RT	volcanoes
SN	Volcano at N end of Lake Kivu in E Congo Democratic Republic.

Nyiragongo Volcano
USE	Nyiragongo

Nykoeping Sweden
USE	Nykoping Sweden

Nykoping Sweden
BT	Europe
	.Western Europe
	..Scandinavia
	...Sweden
	....Nykoping Sweden
UF	Nykoeping Sweden
SN	City on Baltic Sea in SE Sweden.

Nyos
USE	Lake Nyos