Search SEDIS
| Data sets | Publications | Expeditions | Thesaurus |
i  |
|---|
| I-129 | |
|---|---|
| BT | isotopes |
| .radioactive isotopes | |
| ..I-129 | |
| BT | halogens |
| .iodine | |
| ..I-129 | |
| SN | This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| I-131 | |
|---|---|
| BT | isotopes |
| .radioactive isotopes | |
| ..I-131 | |
| BT | halogens |
| .iodine | |
| ..I-131 | |
| SN | This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| I-type granites | |
|---|---|
| BT | igneous rocks |
| .plutonic rocks | |
| ..granites | |
| ...I-type granites | |
| RT | calc-alkalic composition |
| SN | Derived mainly from igneous source material. |
| I/Xe | |
|---|---|
| RT | absolute age |
| iodine | |
| isotope ratios | |
| isotopes | |
| xenon | |
| SN | Isotopic ratio used in age determination. Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| ia#Basin and Range Province#Bear River Range#Black Hills#Blue Mountains#Borden A |
|---|
| Iacobeni Romania | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Moldavia | |
| ..Iacobeni Romania | |
| BT | Europe |
| .Southern Europe | |
| ..Romania | |
| ...Iacobeni Romania | |
| SN | Village in Suceava County in N Romania. This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| Iapetus | |
|---|---|
| UF | Iapetus Ocean |
| Iapetus Suture | |
| Proto-Atlantic Ocean | |
| RT | Atlantic Ocean |
| Dunnage Zone | |
| continental drift | |
| Iapetus Satellite | |
| SN | Proto-Atlantic Ocean. Search Iapetus NOT Saturn. For satellite of Saturn, use Iapetus Satellite. |
| Iapetus Ocean | |
|---|---|
| USE | Iapetus |
| Iapetus Satellite | |
|---|---|
| RT | Iapetus |
| icy satellites | |
| satellites | |
| Saturn | |
| Voyager Program | |
| SN | One of the satellites of Saturn. Used to distinguish from Iapetus, the proto-Atlantic Ocean. Also search Iapetus AND Saturn. |
| Iapetus Suture | |
|---|---|
| USE | Iapetus |
| Ibadan Nigeria | |
|---|---|
| BT | Africa |
| .West Africa | |
| ..Nigeria | |
| ...Ibadan Nigeria | |
| SN | City in SW Nigeria. |
| Ibaragi Complex | |
|---|---|
| BT | nshu |
| .Osaka Japan | |
| ..Ibaragi Complex | |
| SN | Granitic complex in Osaka Prefecture. |
| Ibaraki Japan | |
|---|---|
| BT | nshu |
| .Ibaraki Japan | |
| NT | Hitachi Deposit |
| Hitachi Japan | |
| Kakioka Japan | |
| RT | Abukuma Mountains |
| Tokai Japan | |
| Kanto Plain | |
| Osaka Japan | |
| SN | Prefecture in N central Honshu. Also a city in Osaka Prefecture. For the city, also index Osaka Japan as applicable. |
| Ibbenbueren Germany | |
|---|---|
| USE | Ibbenburen Germany |
| Ibbenburen Germany | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Central Europe | |
| ..Germany | |
| ...North Rhine-Westphalia Germany | |
| ....Ibbenburen Germany | |
| UF | Ibbenbueren Germany |
| SN | Town in N North Rhine-Westphalia. |
| Iberia | |
|---|---|
| USE | Iberian Peninsula |
| Iberia abyssal plain | |
|---|---|
| USE | Iberian abyssal plain |
| Iberia Parish Louisiana | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Louisiana | |
| ..Iberia Parish Louisiana | |
| RT | Avery Island |
| SN | On Vermilion Bay in S central Louisiana. |
| Iberian abyssal plain | |
|---|---|
| BT | Atlantic Ocean |
| .North Atlantic | |
| ..Northeast Atlantic | |
| ...Iberian abyssal plain | |
| UF | Iberia abyssal plain |
| RT | Leg 47 |
| Leg 173 | |
| Leg 103 | |
| Leg 149 | |
| ODP Site 1065 | |
| ODP Site 1067 | |
| ODP Site 1068 | |
| ODP Site 1069 | |
| ODP Site 897 | |
| ODP Site 898 | |
| ODP Site 899 | |
| ODP Site 900 | |
| ODP Site 901 | |
| SN | Off NW Iberian Peninsula, NE Atlantic. |
| Iberian Cordillera | |
|---|---|
| USE | Iberian Mountains |
| Iberian Mountains | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Southern Europe | |
| ..Iberian Peninsula | |
| ...Spain | |
| ....Iberian Mountains | |
| UF | Iberian Cordillera |
| RT | Sierra de la Demanda |
| Serrania de Cuenca | |
| SN | Mountain system on E edge of great central plateau. |
| Iberian Peninsula | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Southern Europe | |
| ..Iberian Peninsula | |
| NT | Duero Basin |
| Duero River | |
| Gibraltar | |
| Iberian pyrite belt | |
| Ossa-Morena Zone | |
| Portugal | |
| Spain | |
| Tagus Basin | |
| Tagus River | |
| UF | Iberia |
| RT | Iberian Plate |
| SN | Extreme SW Europe S of the Pyrenees and the Bay of Biscay. Indexed with countries as applicable. |
| Iberian Plate | |
|---|---|
| RT | Iberian Peninsula |
| plate tectonics | |
| plates | |
| Portugal | |
| Spain | |
| SN | Indexed with geographic area and/or age as applicable. |
| Iberian pyrite belt | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Southern Europe | |
| ..Iberian Peninsula | |
| ...Iberian pyrite belt | |
| RT | Spain |
| Evora Portugal | |
| Portugal | |
| metal ores | |
| Andalusia Spain | |
| metallogenic provinces | |
| Setubal Portugal | |
| Huelva Spain | |
| SN | Massive sulfide metallogenic province, S Portugal and SW Spain. The largest deposit is Rio Tinto. Indexed with Spanish provinces and/or Portuguese districts. |
| Iberica | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Southern Europe | |
| ..Iberian Peninsula | |
| ...Spain | |
| ....Iberica | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1981. |
| Iberville County Quebec | |
|---|---|
| BT | Canada |
| .Eastern Canada | |
| ..Quebec | |
| ...Iberville County Quebec | |
| Iberville Parish Louisiana | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Louisiana | |
| ..Iberville Parish Louisiana | |
| Ibiza | |
|---|---|
| BT | Mediterranean region |
| .Balearic Islands | |
| ..Ibiza | |
| UF | Iviza |
| SN | Third largest of Spain's Balearic Islands off E coast of Spanish mainland. This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| ice | |
|---|---|
| RT | frozen ground |
| glacial features | |
| glaciers | |
| ground ice | |
| hydrology | |
| hydrosphere | |
| ice cores | |
| ice dams | |
| ice fields | |
| ice lenses | |
| ice rafting | |
| meltwater | |
| oxides | |
| periglacial features | |
| permafrost | |
| rock glaciers | |
| sea ice | |
| scour | |
| snow | |
| thawing | |
| water | |
| SN | Before 1972, also search (ice, nonglacial or ice, non-glacial) if applicable. For the mineral, also index oxides. |
| ice ages | |
|---|---|
| SN | A valid index term through 1977 used in combination with ancient (i.e. Ice ages, ancient). After 1978, use ancient ice ages for pre-Quaternary glaciation; use glaciation for Quaternary age. |
| ice caps | |
|---|---|
| RT | glacial extent |
| glacial features | |
| glacial geology | |
| glacial lobes | |
| glaciers | |
| ice sheets | |
| ice streams | |
| ice cores | |
|---|---|
| RT | boreholes |
| cores | |
| geomorphology | |
| glacial geology | |
| glaciers | |
| hydrology | |
| ice | |
| permafrost | |
| SN | Also search ice and cores. Added to Thesaurus in 1995. |
| ice dams | |
|---|---|
| BT | dams |
| .natural dams | |
| ..ice dams | |
| RT | fluvial features |
| lacustrine features | |
| glacial features | |
| glacial lakes | |
| jokulhlaups | |
| ice | |
| spillways | |
| SN | Also index lacustrine features, glacial features, or fluvial features as applicable. |
| ice fields | |
|---|---|
| UF | icefields |
| RT | glaciers |
| glacial features | |
| periglacial features | |
| snow | |
| ice | |
| ice sheets | |
| ice shelves | |
| sea ice | |
| ice-marginal features | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1993. |
| ice flows | |
|---|---|
| SN | As of 1993, use ice movement. |
| ice islands | |
|---|---|
| SN | Not a valid GeoRef index term after 1970. Used in subfile N. Now see artificial islands, sea ice, ice shelves, ice rafting or icebergs. |
| ice lenses | |
|---|---|
| RT | glacial features |
| ground ice | |
| ice | |
| ice wedges | |
| lenses | |
| palsas | |
| periglacial features | |
| permafrost | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1993. |
| ice mantle | |
|---|---|
| USE | ice sheets |
| ice movement | |
|---|---|
| RT | deposition |
| glacial geology | |
| glaciation | |
| glacier surges | |
| glaciers | |
| gravity flows | |
| ice streams | |
| movement | |
| SN | Before 1976, also search ice movements. Before 1993, also search gravity flows AND glaciers if applicable. |
| ice rafting | |
|---|---|
| UF | ice-rafting |
| rafting, ice | |
| RT | sedimentation |
| sediment transport | |
| raft foundations | |
| Heinrich events | |
| ice | |
| ice streams | |
| ice scouring | |
|---|---|
| SN | Use glacial erosion AND scour if applicable. Also see icebergs if applicable. |
| ice sheets | |
|---|---|
| UF | ice mantle |
| RT | glacial geology |
| glaciers | |
| glaciation | |
| thickness | |
| glacial extent | |
| glacial lobes | |
| ice caps | |
| ice fields | |
| ice streams | |
| ice shelves | |
|---|---|
| UF | shelves, ice |
| RT | glacial geology |
| glaciers | |
| glaciation | |
| marine environment | |
| ice fields | |
| ice streams | |
|---|---|
| RT | glacial features |
| glacial geology | |
| glaciers | |
| ice caps | |
| ice movement | |
| ice rafting | |
| ice sheets | |
| rivers and streams | |
| streams | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1993. |
| ice veins | |
|---|---|
| USE | ice wedges |
| ice wedges | |
|---|---|
| BT | periglacial features |
| .ice wedges | |
| UF | ice veins |
| wedges, ice | |
| RT | glacial geology |
| permafrost | |
| taliks | |
| frost action | |
| fossil ice wedges | |
| ground ice | |
| ice lenses | |
| ice wedges, fossil | |
|---|---|
| USE | fossil ice wedges |
| ice-mar |
|---|
| ice-marginal features | |
|---|---|
| RT | geomorphology |
| glacial features | |
| glacial geology | |
| glaciers | |
| ice fields | |
| periglacial features | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1985. |
| ice-rafting | |
|---|---|
| USE | ice rafting |
| ice-wedge cast | |
|---|---|
| USE | fossil ice wedges |
| ice-wedge fill | |
|---|---|
| USE | fossil ice wedges |
| ice-wedge pseudomorph | |
|---|---|
| USE | fossil ice wedges |
| icebergs | |
|---|---|
| RT | glacial features |
| glaciers | |
| sea ice | |
| scour | |
| tidewater glaciers | |
| icefields | |
|---|---|
| USE | ice fields |
| Iceland | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Western Europe | |
| ..Iceland | |
| NT | Breidamerkurjokull |
| Grimsvotn | |
| Hekla | |
| Kolbeinsey Island | |
| Krafla | |
| Reykjanes Peninsula | |
| Skeidararjokull | |
| Snaefellsnes Peninsula | |
| Surtsey | |
| Vatnajokull | |
| Vestmannaeyjar | |
| RT | Arctic region |
| Atlantic Ocean | |
| Atlantic Ocean Islands | |
| Iceland Research Drilling Project | |
| Icelandic Plume | |
| SN | Independent country and island 155 miles SE of Greenland. |
| Iceland crystal | |
|---|---|
| USE | Iceland spar |
| Iceland Research Drilling Project | |
|---|---|
| RT | Atlantic Ocean |
| boreholes | |
| cores | |
| Iceland | |
| Mid-Atlantic Ridge | |
| North Atlantic | |
| oceanic crust | |
| sea-floor spreading | |
| well-logging | |
| SN | Borehole at Reydarfjordur, Iceland. Added to Thesaurus in 1985. |
| Iceland spar | |
|---|---|
| BT | carbonates |
| .Iceland spar | |
| UF | double-refracting spar |
| Iceland crystal | |
| RT | calcite |
| SN | Variety of calcite. |
| Iceland-Faeroe Ridge | |
|---|---|
| BT | Atlantic Ocean |
| .North Atlantic | |
| ..Iceland-Faeroe Ridge | |
| UF | Faeroe-Iceland Ridge |
| Iceland-Faeroe Rise | |
| Iceland-Faeroes Ridge | |
| RT | DSDP Site 336 |
| Leg 38 | |
| DSDP Site 352 | |
| SN | Between Iceland and Faeroe Islands. |
| Iceland-Faeroe Rise | |
|---|---|
| USE | Iceland-Faeroe Ridge |
| Iceland-Faeroes Ridge | |
|---|---|
| USE | Iceland-Faeroe Ridge |
| Icelandic hot spot | |
|---|---|
| USE | Icelandic Plume |
| Icelandic Plateau | |
|---|---|
| BT | Arctic Ocean |
| .Norwegian Sea | |
| ..Icelandic Plateau | |
| RT | DSDP Site 348 |
| ODP Site 985 | |
| SN | W of Jan Mayen Ridge, N of Iceland. Added to Thesaurus in 1981. |
| Icelandic Plume | |
|---|---|
| UF | Icelandic hot spot |
| RT | Greenland |
| Iceland | |
| mantle plumes | |
| hot spots | |
| SN | Before 1998, also search Iceland AND plumes or mantle plumes. |
| icequakes | |
|---|---|
| RT | earthquakes |
| glaciers | |
| glaciotectonics | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1981. |
| ichigan Basin#Michigan Upper Peninsula |
|---|
| ichnofabric | |
|---|---|
| RT | biofacies |
| bioturbation | |
| depositional environment | |
| ecology | |
| fabric | |
| ichnofossils | |
| lebensspuren | |
| lithofacies | |
| paleoecology | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1998. |
| ichnofacies | |
|---|---|
| RT | assemblages |
| biocenoses | |
| biofacies | |
| biostratigraphy | |
| bioturbation | |
| facies | |
| lebensspuren | |
| paleoecology | |
| sedimentation | |
| sediments | |
| SN | Also see lebensspuren or bioturbation for sedimentary structures; for paleoecology, see biofacies. Also see biocenoses. Indexed with lebensspuren for sedimentary structures or ichnofossils for paleontology. Added to Thesaurus in 1995. |
| ichnofossils | |
|---|---|
| NT | Arenicolites |
| Chondrites ichnofossils | |
| Corophioides | |
| Cruziana | |
| Diplocraterion | |
| Nereites | |
| Palaeophycus | |
| Planolites | |
| Rhizocorallium | |
| Rusophycus | |
| Skolithos | |
| Teichichnus | |
| Thalassinoides | |
| Trypanites | |
| Zoophycos | |
| RT | bioerosion |
| biogenic structures | |
| borings | |
| burrows | |
| casts | |
| chemical fossils | |
| Collenia | |
| coprolites | |
| fossilization | |
| fossils | |
| ichnofabric | |
| Invertebrata | |
| lebensspuren | |
| morphology | |
| Ophiomorpha | |
| Ophiomorpha nodosa | |
| tracks | |
| trails | |
| SN | As of 1981, is not to be used under sedimentary structures, and refers only to studies in which the emphasis is paleontology, not sedimentary petrology. For ichnofossils as components of sediments or sedimentary rocks, use lebensspuren. From 1978-1980, se |
| ichthyoliths | |
|---|---|
| RT | biostratigraphy |
| microfossils | |
| Pisces | |
| skeletons | |
| SN | Fish skeletal debris. Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| Ichthyopterygia | |
|---|---|
| USE | Ichthyosauria |
| Ichthyosauria | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chordata |
| .Vertebrata | |
| ..Tetrapoda | |
| ...Reptilia | |
| ....Diapsida | |
| .....Ichthyosauria | |
| NT | Ichthyosaurus |
| UF | Ichthyopterygia |
| SN | Order. |
| Ichthyosaurus | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chordata |
| .Vertebrata | |
| ..Tetrapoda | |
| ...Reptilia | |
| ....Diapsida | |
| .....Ichthyosauria | |
| ......Ichthyosaurus | |
| SN | Genus. |
| Icriodus | |
|---|---|
| BT | microfossils |
| .Conodonta | |
| ..Icriodus | |
| SN | Genus. |
| Icy Bay | |
|---|---|
| RT | Gulf of Alaska |
| Southern Alaska | |
| SN | Inlet of Gulf of Alaska, SE Alaska, W of Yakutat Bay. Indexed with Southern Alaska as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1981. |
| icy moons | |
|---|---|
| USE | icy satellites |
| icy satellites | |
|---|---|
| BT | satellites |
| .icy satellites | |
| UF | icy moons |
| RT | planetology |
| Amalthea Satellite | |
| Ariel Satellite | |
| Callisto Satellite | |
| Galilean satellites | |
| Dione Satellite | |
| Enceladus Satellite | |
| Europa Satellite | |
| Ganymede Satellite | |
| Hyperion Satellite | |
| Iapetus Satellite | |
| Mimas Satellite | |
| Miranda Satellite | |
| Oberon Satellite | |
| Rhea Sate | |
| SN | Natural satellites. Added to Thesaurus in 1993. |
| Ida Asteroid | |
|---|---|
| BT | asteroids |
| .S-type asteroids | |
| ..Ida Asteroid | |
| UF | 243 Ida |
| RT | Galileo Program |
| SN | Object of Galileo spacecraft flyby observation. |
| Ida County Iowa | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Iowa | |
| ..Ida County Iowa | |
| Idaho Batholith | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Idaho Batholith | |
| RT | Idaho |
| Montana | |
| Bitterroot Range | |
| SN | In Bitterroot Range. Indexed with states as applicable. |
| Idaho County Idaho | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Idaho | |
| ..Idaho County Idaho | |
| RT | Seven Devils Mountains |
| Selway-Bitterroot Wilderness | |
| SN | Central Idaho. |
| Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory | |
|---|---|
| USE | INEEL |
| Idaho National Engineering Laboratory (INEL) | |
|---|---|
| USE | INEEL |
| Idaho Panhandle | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Idaho | |
| ..Idaho Panhandle | |
| RT | Bonner County Idaho |
| Boundary County Idaho | |
| Shoshone County Idaho | |
| Kootenai County Idaho | |
| SN | N Idaho between Washington and Montana. Before 1993, also search Idaho AND Panhandle. Indexed with counties as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1993. |
| Idaho Springs Colorado | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Colorado | |
| ..Clear Creek County Colorado | |
| ...Idaho Springs Colorado | |
| SN | Town in N central Colorado. |
| Idaho Springs Formation | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Precambrian | |
| ..Idaho Springs Formation | |
| RT | Colorado |
| SN | In Gunnison River Series. N central Colorado. Added to Thesaurus in 1985. |
| Idaho Springs mining district | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Colorado | |
| ..Clear Creek County Colorado | |
| ...Idaho Springs mining district | |
| RT | mines |
| metal ores | |
| SN | N central Colorado. Before 1993, also search Idaho Springs or Idaho Springs District. Added to Thesaurus in 1993. |
| idaite | |
|---|---|
| BT | sulfides |
| .idaite | |
| ideal waves | |
|---|---|
| BT | ocean waves |
| .ideal waves | |
| RT | waves |
| SN | Before 1978, also search ocean waves AND ideal. |
| identification | |
|---|---|
| RT | classification |
| definition | |
| nomenclature | |
| pattern recognition | |
| Idiognathodus | |
|---|---|
| BT | microfossils |
| .Conodonta | |
| ..Idiognathodus | |
| SN | Genus. |
| Idiognathoides | |
|---|---|
| BT | microfossils |
| .Conodonta | |
| ..Idiognathoides | |
| SN | Genus. |
| Idjil Mauritania | |
|---|---|
| USE | Fort Gouraud Mauritania |
| idocrase | |
|---|---|
| USE | vesuvianite |
| Igaliko Greenland | |
|---|---|
| BT | Arctic region |
| .Greenland | |
| ..Igaliko Greenland | |
| SN | Settlement 25 miles NE of Julianenhaab near S tip of island. |
| Igarka Russian Federation | |
|---|---|
| BT | Commonwealth of Independent States |
| .Russian Federation | |
| ..Krasnoyarsk Russian Federation | |
| ...Igarka Russian Federation | |
| SN | City on the Yenisei River north of Arctic Circle in Krasnoyarsk Kray. Before 1993, Igarka Russian Republic was also used. This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| IGBP | |
|---|---|
| UF | International Geosphere-Biosphere Program |
| RT | biosphere |
| programs | |
| SN | Acronym. Added to Thesaurus in 1993. |
| IGC | |
|---|---|
| USE | International Geological Congress |
| IGCP | |
|---|---|
| UF | International Geological Correlation Programme |
| RT | associations |
| IUGS | |
| SN | Acronym. To be used as an index term for all papers associated with the International Geological Correlation Programme. Added to Thesaurus in 1985. |
| Iglesiente | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Southern Europe | |
| ..Italy | |
| ...Sardinia Italy | |
| ....Iglesiente | |
| SN | Region in SW Sardinia. |
| igneous activity | |
|---|---|
| SN | No longer a valid term for GeoRef. Use magmatism or magmas or volcanism. Also see intrusions. |
| igneous and metamorphic rocks | |
|---|---|
| SN | Used in subfile G. See igneous rocks; metamorphic rocks; crystalline rocks. |
| igneous and volcanic rocks | |
|---|---|
| SN | Not a valid GeoRef index term after 1970. See igneous rocks; volcanic rocks. |
| igneous intrusions | |
|---|---|
| SN | Not a valid index term for GeoRef. Use intrusions and igneous rocks. |
| igneous petrology | |
|---|---|
| SN | Not a valid GeoRef index term after 1970. Used in subfile N. Now use petrology or igneous rocks as applicable. |
| Igneous Petrology (category) | |
|---|---|
| SN | Igneous and metamorphic petrology, GeoRef category code 05, is one of thirty categories used to classify documents in GeoRef. Each reference in GeoRef is assigned one or more categories. Categories can be used, in addition to Terms, to refine searches (Se |
| igneous processes | |
|---|---|
| SN | No longer a valid term for GeoRef. Use magmatism or magmas or volcanism. Also see intrusions. |
| igneous rocks | |
|---|---|
| NT | feldspathoid rocks |
| hypabyssal rocks | |
| peperite | |
| picrite | |
| picrite porphyry | |
| plutonic rocks | |
| porphyry | |
| pyrolite | |
| vitrophyre | |
| volcanic rocks | |
| RT | acidic composition |
| agglomerate | |
| alkalic composition | |
| alteration | |
| amygdules | |
| andesitic composition | |
| aphanitic texture | |
| ash flows | |
| autometamorphism | |
| banded structures | |
| basaltic composition | |
| basement | |
| batholiths | |
| calc-alkalic composition | |
| calcic composition | |
| chemical prop | |
| SN | Used to describe crystalline rocks of primary origin (list H). Before 1981, beresite was included as a narrower term. See List H. |
| ignimbrite | |
|---|---|
| BT | igneous rocks |
| .volcanic rocks | |
| ..pyroclastics | |
| ...ignimbrite | |
| UF | flood tuff |
| RT | shirasu |
| volcanic ash | |
| tuff | |
| ash flows | |
| ash-flow tuff | |
| pyroclastic flows | |
| volcanic glass | |
| welded tuff | |
| ijolite | |
|---|---|
| BT | igneous rocks |
| .plutonic rocks | |
| ..gabbros | |
| ...alkali gabbros | |
| ....ijolite | |
| RT | melteigite |
| urtite | |
| ikaite | |
|---|---|
| BT | carbonates |
| .ikaite | |
| Ikh-Khayrkhan | |
|---|---|
| BT | Asia |
| .Far East | |
| ..Mongolia | |
| ...Ikh-Khayrkhan | |
| SN | Ore bearing region in central Mongolia. |
| Iki Island | |
|---|---|
| BT | Asia |
| .Far East | |
| ..Japan | |
| ...Kyushu | |
| ....Iki Island | |
| UF | Iki-shima |
| RT | Nagasaki Japan |
| SN | In Tsushima Strait off NW coast of Kyushu. |
| Iki-shima | |
|---|---|
| USE | Iki Island |
| Ikuno Mine | |
|---|---|
| BT | ogo Japan |
| .Ikuno Mine | |
| RT | mines |
| metal ores | |
| SN | Metal ores. Hyogo Prefecture in central Honshu. |
| Ikushumbetsu | |
|---|---|
| BT | kkaido |
| .Ikushumbetsu | |
| SN | Coal mine and fossil locality within town area of Mikasa in Ishikari coal field, W central Hokkaido. After 1993, Ikushumbetsu Mine is used for the mine. |
| Il'Intsa | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Ukraine | |
| ..Il'Intsa | |
| RT | volcanoes |
| SN | Paleovolcano in Vinnitsa area of the Ukrainian Shield in W central Ukraine. This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| Ile-de-Montreal County Quebec | |
|---|---|
| BT | Canada |
| .Eastern Canada | |
| ..Quebec | |
| ...Ile-de-Montreal County Quebec | |
| Ile-Jesus County Quebec | |
|---|---|
| BT | Canada |
| .Eastern Canada | |
| ..Quebec | |
| ...Ile-Jesus County Quebec | |
| Ilerdian | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Cenozoic | |
| ...Paleogene | |
| ....Ilerdian | |
| SN | Europe. |
| Iles de Loos | |
|---|---|
| USE | Los Islands |
| Iles Madeleine | |
|---|---|
| USE | Magdalen Islands |
| Ili Basin | |
|---|---|
| BT | Asia |
| .Ili Basin | |
| RT | Kazakhstan |
| Xinjiang China | |
| SN | River basin. Indexed with Kazakhstan and/or Xinjiang China as applicable. |
| Ili Kazakhstan | |
|---|---|
| BT | Commonwealth of Independent States |
| .Kazakhstan | |
| ..Ili Kazakhstan | |
| SN | Town on Ili River in E Kazakhstan. This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| Ili Maussaq | |
|---|---|
| USE | Ilimaussaq |
| Ilimaussaq | |
|---|---|
| UF | Ili Maussaq |
| Ilimaussaq Intrusion | |
| Ilmaussaq | |
| RT | Russian Federation |
| Greenland | |
| Kola Peninsula | |
| Lovozero Russian Federation | |
| SN | Alkaline intrusion in S Greenland, and Lovozero area of the Kola Peninsula in NW European Russia. Indexed with Greenland and/or Russian Federation as applicable. |
| Ilimaussaq Intrusion | |
|---|---|
| USE | Ilimaussaq |
| Ilion | |
|---|---|
| USE | Troy |
| Ilium | |
|---|---|
| USE | Troy |
| Illawarra Coal Measures | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Paleozoic | |
| ...Permian | |
| ....Illawarra Coal Measures | |
| RT | Australia |
| New South Wales Australia | |
| Bulli Seam | |
| SN | Top of the measures is marked by Bulli Seam, which is conformably overlain by rocks of the Triassic Narrabeen Group. Illawarra District in SE New South Wales. Also search Illawarra. |
| Ille-et-Vilaine France | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Western Europe | |
| ..France | |
| ...Ille-et-Vilaine France | |
| NT | Redon France |
| Rennes France | |
| SN | Department in Brittany. |
| Illinoian | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Cenozoic | |
| ...Quarternary | |
| ....Pleistocene | |
| .....Upper Pleistocene | |
| ......Illinoian | |
| UF | Illinoisan |
| RT | Elsterian |
| Glasford Formation | |
| SN | Pertaining to third glacial stage of Pleistocene Epoch in North America. |
| Illinois Basin | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Illinois Basin | |
| RT | Kentucky |
| Illinois | |
| Indiana | |
| Aux Vases Sandstone | |
| Tippecanoe Sequence | |
| SN | Structural basin. Indexed with states as applicable. |
| Illinois Deep Hole Project | |
|---|---|
| RT | boreholes |
| continental crust | |
| cores | |
| heat flow | |
| Illinois | |
| SN | Borehole in Stephenson County, NW Illinois. Added to Thesaurus in 1985. |
| Illinois River | |
|---|---|
| RT | Arkansas |
| Colorado | |
| Illinois | |
| Oklahoma | |
| Oregon | |
| United States | |
| SN | River in many locations. In N and W Illinois, formed by the confluence of Des Plaines and Kankakee rivers and flows W and SW to the Mississippi River. Also in Jackson County Colorado, N Colorado. Also in Benton County Arkansas, NW Arkansas; and Adair, Seq |
| Illinois State Geological Survey | |
|---|---|
| BT | government agencies |
| .survey organizations | |
| ..Illinois State Geological Survey | |
| RT | Illinois |
| Illinoisan | |
|---|---|
| USE | Illinoian |
| illite | |
|---|---|
| BT | silicates |
| .sheet silicates | |
| ..clay minerals | |
| ...illite | |
| RT | illitization |
| crystallinity | |
| K-bentonite | |
| hydromica | |
| muscovite | |
| illitization | |
|---|---|
| RT | alteration |
| clay minerals | |
| illite | |
| processes | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| Ilmaussaq | |
|---|---|
| USE | Ilimaussaq |
| Ilmen Mountains | |
|---|---|
| BT | Commonwealth of Independent States |
| .Russian Federation | |
| ..Central Urals | |
| ...Ilmen Mountains | |
| RT | Chelyabinsk Russian Federation |
| SN | Near Chelyabinsk in the Central Urals. This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| ilmenite | |
|---|---|
| BT | oxides |
| .ilmenite | |
| UF | menaccanite |
| RT | heavy minerals |
| titanium oxides | |
| iron minerals | |
| magnetic minerals | |
| titanium ores | |
| Iloilo Basin | |
|---|---|
| BT | Asia |
| .Far East | |
| ..Philippine Islands | |
| ...Iloilo Basin | |
| RT | Panay Island |
| SN | SW Panay. |
| Iloilo Philippine Islands | |
|---|---|
| BT | Asia |
| .Far East | |
| ..Philippine Islands | |
| ...Iloilo Philippine Islands | |
| RT | Panay Island |
| SN | Province, SE Panay Island and Guimaras Island, Philippine Islands. Also a city. |
| Ilomantsi Finland | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Western Europe | |
| ..Scandinavia | |
| ...Finland | |
| ....Eastern Finland Province | |
| .....Ilomantsi Finland | |
| RT | Karelia |
| SN | Administrative division, SE Finland. Also a village. Indexed with Karelia if applicable. |
| ilongjiang China | |
|---|---|
| NT | Daqing Field |
| Xiao Hinggan Ling | |
| ILP (International Lithosphere Program) | |
|---|---|
| USE | International Lithosphere Program |
| ilvaite | |
|---|---|
| BT | silicates |
| .orthosilicates | |
| ..sorosilicates | |
| ...ilvaite | |
| image analysis | |
|---|---|
| RT | data processing |
| digital cartography | |
| digital simulation | |
| digital terrain models | |
| elastic waves | |
| graphic display | |
| graphic methods | |
| image enhancement | |
| imagery | |
| methods | |
| petrography | |
| petrology | |
| seismic methods | |
| seismology | |
| tracers | |
| visualization | |
| SN | Used for application of several specific methods in widely varying fields. Also search imaging. Added to Thesaurus in 1995. |
| image enhancement | |
|---|---|
| RT | data processing |
| image analysis | |
| imagery | |
| Landsat | |
| Magellan Program | |
| radar methods | |
| remote sensing | |
| satellite methods | |
| SeaMarc | |
| Shuttle Imaging Radar | |
| SN | Used in relation to remote sensing. Also search enhancement AND (imagery OR remote sensing). Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| Imandra | |
|---|---|
| BT | Commonwealth of Independent States |
| .Russian Federation | |
| ..Imandra | |
| BT | Europe |
| .Imandra | |
| RT | Kola Peninsula |
| Murmansk Russian Federation | |
| SN | Lake on W Kola Peninsula, Murmansk Oblast. This term has multiple hierarchies. Indexed with Murmansk Russian Federation as applicable. |
| Imataca Complex | |
|---|---|
| BT | South America |
| .Venezuela | |
| ..Bolivar Venezuela | |
| ...Imataca Complex | |
| SN | In Serrania de Imataca S of Orinoco Delta. |
| imbibition | |
|---|---|
| RT | capillarity |
| drainage | |
| hydrogeology | |
| infiltration | |
| percolation | |
| permeability | |
| porosity | |
| processes | |
| wettability | |
| imbricate tectonics | |
|---|---|
| BT | tectonics |
| .imbricate tectonics | |
| UF | schuppen texture |
| tectonic imbrication | |
| RT | duplexes |
| imbrication | |
| thrust faults | |
| reverse faults | |
| piggyback basins | |
| tectonic wedges | |
| SN | Before 1982, also search imbrication AND tectonics. Added to Thesaurus in 1982. |
| imbrication | |
|---|---|
| BT | sedimentary structures |
| .planar bedding structures | |
| ..imbrication | |
| RT | bedding plane irregularities |
| imbricate tectonics | |
| SN | As of 1982, use imbricate tectonics for tectonic imbrication. |
| Imbrium Basin | |
|---|---|
| USE | Sea of Rains |
| IMF | |
|---|---|
| SN | Not a valid term for GeoRef. Acronym for many concepts including intense magnetic field, internal magnetic focus, International Monetary Fund, interplanetary magnetic field and inventory master file. |
| imm |
|---|
| immiscibility | |
|---|---|
| RT | magmas |
| mixing | |
| phase equilibria | |
| solubility | |
| solvents | |
| immunoassays | |
|---|---|
| RT | analysis |
| bioassays | |
| biochemistry | |
| enzymes | |
| quantitative analysis | |
| toxicity | |
| SN | Procedures which use antigen-antibody reactions for the determination of chemical substances. |
| Imo Formation | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Paleozoic | |
| ...Carboniferous | |
| ....Mississippian | |
| .....Upper Mississippian | |
| ......Chesterian | |
| .......Imo Formation | |
| RT | Oklahoma |
| Illinois | |
| Arkansas | |
| SN | Before 1989, also search Imo Shale AND United States. Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| Imo Shale | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Cenozoic | |
| ...Paleogene | |
| ....Imo Shale | |
| RT | Paleocene |
| Nigeria | |
| lower Eocene | |
| Benin | |
| SN | Paleocene to lower Eocene. Before 1989, also search Imo Formation AND Africa. Indexed with ages as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| imogolite | |
|---|---|
| BT | silicates |
| .sheet silicates | |
| ..clay minerals | |
| ...imogolite | |
| RT | amorphous materials |
| impact craters | |
|---|---|
| BT | impact features |
| .impact craters | |
| NT | meteor craters |
| RT | geomorphology |
| astroblemes | |
| cryptoexplosion features | |
| resurfacing | |
| impacts | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1993. |
| impact glass | |
|---|---|
| USE | impactite |
| impact phenomena | |
|---|---|
| SN | A valid term through 1972. From 1972-1978 impact was used. After 1978, use impacts. |
| impact statement |
|---|
| impact statements | |
|---|---|
| UF | environmental impact statements |
| RT | reclamation |
| pollution | |
| engineering geology | |
| environmental geology | |
| ecology | |
| waste disposal | |
| land use | |
| geologic hazards | |
| conservation | |
| environmental analysis | |
| risk assessment | |
| nuclear facilities | |
| impacts | |
| SN | For official documents detailing the impact of contemplated works or land use on the environment. |
| impactite | |
|---|---|
| UF | impact glass |
| RT | meteorites |
| metamorphic rocks | |
| impact features | |
| tektites | |
| suevite | |
| cryptoexplosion features | |
| zhamanshinite | |
| Darwin glass | |
| impacts | |
|---|---|
| RT | craters |
| cryptoexplosion features | |
| geomorphology | |
| impact craters | |
| impact features | |
| impact statements | |
| meteor craters | |
| meteorites | |
| planetology | |
| spalling | |
| SN | Before 1973, also search impact phenomena; impact. Restricted to use for collisions between planetary bodies. For environmental impacts, see environmental effects, environmental analysis, or impact statements for the specific documents. |
| impedance | |
|---|---|
| RT | acoustical logging |
| acoustical methods | |
| acoustical waves | |
| elastic waves | |
| electromagnetic methods | |
| half-space | |
| inverse problem | |
| seismic logging | |
| seismic methods | |
| seismology | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1985. |
| Imperi |
|---|
| Imperial Fault | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .California | |
| ..Imperial County California | |
| ...Imperial Fault | |
| RT | Imperial Valley |
| SN | Imperial Valley, California. Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| Imperial Formation | |
|---|---|
| RT | California |
| Miocene | |
| Pliocene | |
| SN | Pliocene and Miocene in S California. Formerly considered Pleistocene. Also occurs in other locations. Indexed with ages as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1985. |
| Imperial Valley | |
|---|---|
| RT | Baja California |
| Borrego Mountain earthquake 1968 | |
| California | |
| Colorado Desert | |
| East Mesa KGRA | |
| El Centro California | |
| El Centro earthquake 1940 | |
| Imperial Fault | |
| Imperial Valley earthquake 1979 | |
| Mexicali Valley | |
| SN | Imperial County in extreme SE California and Baja California, Mexico. Indexed with counties or regions as applicable. |
| Imperial Valley earthquake 1940 | |
|---|---|
| USE | El Centro earthquake 1940 |
| Imperial Valley earthquake 1979 | |
|---|---|
| BT | earthquakes |
| .Imperial Valley earthquake 1979 | |
| RT | California |
| Imperial Valley | |
| SN | Epicenter in Imperial Valley, S California. Added to Thesaurus in 1985. |
| import | |
|---|---|
| UF | imports |
| RT | economics |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1981. |
| import value | |
|---|---|
| RT | economics |
| SN | Usually out-of-scope for GeoRef. Added to Thesaurus in 1981. |
| imports | |
|---|---|
| USE | import |
| impregnated deposits | |
|---|---|
| RT | mineral deposits, genesis |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1981. |
| impurities | |
|---|---|
| RT | decontamination |
| drinking water | |
| ground water | |
| polluted water | |
| pollution | |
| potability | |
| purification | |
| water | |
| water quality | |
| water treatment | |
| SN | A general term used mostly in reference to water. |
| In | |
|---|---|
| USE | indium |
| in situ | |
|---|---|
| UF | in-situ |
| RT | retorting |
| SN | Applicable to many fields, especially rocks, soils, or fossils when in the situation in which they were originally formed or deposited. |
| in-situ | |
|---|---|
| USE | in situ |
| Inadunata | |
|---|---|
| BT | Invertebrata |
| .Echinodermata | |
| ..Crinozoa | |
| ...Crinoidea | |
| ....Inadunata | |
| NT | Delocrinus |
| SN | Subclass. |
| Inangahua New Zealand | |
|---|---|
| BT | Australasia |
| .New Zealand | |
| ..Nelson New Zealand | |
| ...Inangahua New Zealand | |
| RT | South Island |
| SN | Village in NW South Island. Also index South Island. |
| Inari Finland | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Western Europe | |
| ..Scandinavia | |
| ...Finland | |
| ....Lapland Finland | |
| .....Inari Finland | |
| UF | Enari Finland |
| SN | Town on Lake Inari in N Finland. This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| Inarticulata | |
|---|---|
| BT | Invertebrata |
| .Brachiopoda | |
| ..Inarticulata | |
| NT | Lingula |
| RT | Articulata |
| inaut Belgium | |
|---|---|
| NT | Tournai Belgium |
| incarbonization | |
|---|---|
| USE | coalification |
| Inceptisols | |
|---|---|
| BT | soils |
| .Inceptisols | |
| NT | Andepts |
| RT | soil group |
| incertae sedis | |
|---|---|
| USE | miscellanea |
| incineration | |
|---|---|
| RT | ash |
| ash content | |
| environmental geology | |
| pyrolysis | |
| remediation | |
| waste disposal | |
| waste management | |
| SN | Also index kind of waste discussed if applicable. See waste disposal. |
| inclination, magnetic | |
|---|---|
| USE | magnetic inclination |
| inclined folds | |
|---|---|
| BT | folds |
| .inclined folds | |
| RT | orientation |
| SN | Before 1978, also search folds AND inclined. |
| inclined seismic interface | |
|---|---|
| RT | curved seismic interface |
| discontinuities | |
| seismology | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1981. |
| inclinometers | |
|---|---|
| RT | instruments |
| magnetic inclination | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1985. |
| inclusions | |
|---|---|
| NT | calcium-aluminum inclusions |
| fluid inclusions | |
| mineral inclusions | |
| xenoliths | |
| RT | assimilation |
| country rocks | |
| crystal growth | |
| crystal structure | |
| geochemistry | |
| geologic barometry | |
| geologic thermometry | |
| host rocks | |
| igneous rocks | |
| isotopes | |
| lava | |
| magmas | |
| mineral deposits, genesis | |
| minerals | |
| P-T conditions | |
| P-T-t paths | |
| petrology | |
| phase equilibria | |
| rocks | |
| s | |
| SN | Used for studies on enclosures or enclaves in rocks or minerals. For liquid or gaseous inclusions contained within crystals, use fluid inclusions. Before 1993, also search enclaves. Also index specific type of inclusion if applicable [e.g. mineral inclusi |
| incoalation | |
|---|---|
| USE | coalification |
| incompetent materials | |
|---|---|
| SN | Not a valid term for GeoRef. As of 1995, use competent materials with rheology or ductility or ductile deformation or deformation or structural analysis or tectonics as applicable. |
| incompressibility modulus | |
|---|---|
| USE | bulk modulus |
| Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology network | |
|---|---|
| USE | IRIS network |
| increment | |
|---|---|
| USE | recharge |
| incrustations | |
|---|---|
| USE | encrustations |
| Indarch Meteorite | |
|---|---|
| BT | meteorites |
| .stony meteorites | |
| ..chondrites | |
| ...enstatite chondrites | |
| ....Indarch Meteorite | |
| RT | Azerbaijan |
| SN | Impact at Shusta, Elisavetpol, Azerbaijan, Transcaucasia. Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| Indefatigable Island | |
|---|---|
| USE | Chaves Island |
| Independence County Arkansas | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Arkansas | |
| ..Independence County Arkansas | |
| NT | Batesville Arkansas |
| SN | NE central Arkansas. |
| Independence Mountains | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Nevada | |
| ..Elko County Nevada | |
| ...Independence Mountains | |
| SN | NE Nevada. Indexed with county or region as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| INDEPTH | |
|---|---|
| UF | INternational DEep Profiling of Tibet and the Himalaya |
| RT | China |
| Himalayas | |
| Xizang China | |
| programs | |
| geotraverses | |
| Lhasa Block | |
| SN | Acronym. Project of Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences in collaboration with German, U.S., and Canadian associates which involved common-depth reflection profiling and wide-angle reflection data collection in S Qinghai-Xizang Plateau in 1992. More stu |
| index beds | |
|---|---|
| USE | key beds |
| index fauna | |
|---|---|
| USE | index fossils |
| index flora | |
|---|---|
| USE | index fossils |
| index fossils | |
|---|---|
| UF | guide fossils |
| index fauna | |
| index flora | |
| RT | microfossils |
| paleontology | |
| fossils | |
| stratigraphy | |
| biostratigraphy | |
| assemblages | |
| first occurrence | |
| index maps | |
|---|---|
| BT | maps |
| .index maps | |
| RT | site location maps |
| index of refraction | |
|---|---|
| USE | refractive index |
| Indian Ocean | |
|---|---|
| NT | Agulhas Bank |
| Andaman Sea | |
| Arabian Sea | |
| Argo abyssal plain | |
| Atlantis II fracture zone | |
| Bay of Bengal | |
| Bengal Fan | |
| Carlsberg Ridge | |
| Cuvier abyssal plain | |
| East Indian Ocean | |
| Exmouth Plateau | |
| Gascoyne abyssal plain | |
| Great Australian Bight | |
| Java Trench | |
| Madagascar Basin | |
| Mascarene Basin | |
| Mid-Indian Ridge | |
| Mozambique Channel | |
| Naturaliste Plateau | |
| Ninetyeast Ridge | |
| Owen fracture zone | |
| Perth abyssal plain | |
| Red Sea | |
| Rodriguez triple junction | |
| Somali Basin | |
| Southwest Indian Ridge | |
| Timor Sea | |
| West Indian Ocean | |
| Wharton Basin | |
| Wombat Plateau | |
| RT | Antarctic Bottom Water |
| Antarctic Ocean | |
| Bass Strait | |
| Broken Ridge | |
| Browse Basin | |
| DSDP Site 211 | |
| DSDP Site 213 | |
| DSDP Site 215 | |
| DSDP Site 237 | |
| DSDP Site 238 | |
| DSDP Site 241 | |
| DSDP Site 246 | |
| DSDP Site 247 | |
| DSDP Site 248 | |
| DSDP Site 249 | |
| DSDP Site 250 | |
| DSDP Site 252 | |
| SN | Many islands were considered narrower terms of Indian Ocean before 1985. See Indian Ocean Islands. Also see Antarctic Ocean for S portion. |
| Indian Ocean Islands | |
|---|---|
| NT | Amsterdam Island |
| Comoro Islands | |
| Crozet Islands | |
| Kerguelen Islands | |
| Madagascar | |
| Maldive Islands | |
| Marion Island | |
| Mascarene Islands | |
| Mauritius | |
| Prince Edward Island Group | |
| Seychelles | |
| RT | Andaman Islands |
| Bengal Islands | |
| Christmas Island | |
| Indian Ocean | |
| Laccadive Islands | |
| Saint Paul Island | |
| Sri Lanka | |
| Zanzibar | |
| SN | Before 1985, islands in this region not listed as narrower terms may have been indexed with Indian Ocean. This term is used for islands and island groups which could not easily be assigned to adjacent land areas. Added to Thesaurus in 1981. |
| Indian Ocean Ridge | |
|---|---|
| USE | Mid-Indian Ridge |
| Indian Peninsula | |
|---|---|
| BT | Asia |
| .Indian Peninsula | |
| NT | Afghanistan |
| Bangladesh | |
| Bengal | |
| Bhutan | |
| Godavari River | |
| India | |
| Indian Shield | |
| Jammu and Kashmir | |
| Kohistan | |
| Kosi Basin | |
| Nepal | |
| Pakistan | |
| Potwar Plateau | |
| RT | Indo-Australian Plate |
| Brahmaputra River | |
| Sri Lanka | |
| Main Boundary Fault | |
| Main Central Thrust | |
| Indus-Yarlung Zangbo suture zone | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1981. |
| Indian Plate | |
|---|---|
| RT | Bangladesh |
| India | |
| Indian Ocean | |
| Pacific Ocean | |
| Pakistan | |
| plate tectonics | |
| plates | |
| Xizang China | |
| SN | Redefined. Used for both the ancient plate pre-dating modern Indo-Australian Plate and for the modern tectonic plate extending from the Himalayas to the Tonga Trench in the Pacific Ocean which includes Australia. For specific regions, search in combinatio |
| Indian reservations | |
|---|---|
| RT | conservation |
| human activity | |
| land use | |
| legislation | |
| Navajo Indian Reservation | |
| policy | |
| San Carlos Indian Reservation | |
| United States | |
| Yakima Indian Reservation | |
| SN | Indexed with specific reservations and states as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1985. |
| Indian Ridge | |
|---|---|
| USE | Mid-Indian Ridge |
| Indian River | |
|---|---|
| RT | British Columbia |
| Delaware | |
| Florida | |
| Ontario | |
| Yukon Territory | |
| SN | In many locations. Search in combination with appropriate state or province. Indexed with states and/or provinces as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| Indian River County Florida | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Florida | |
| ..Indian River County Florida | |
| Indian Shield | |
|---|---|
| BT | Asia |
| .Indian Peninsula | |
| ..Indian Shield | |
| UF | Peninsular Shield |
| RT | India |
| Deccan Plateau | |
| Sri Lanka | |
| SN | Plateau region in S and central India plus Sri Lanka. Indexed with countries as applicable. |
| Indian-Antarctic Ridge | |
|---|---|
| USE | Southeast Indian Ridge |
| Indiana County Pennsylvania | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Pennsylvania | |
| ..Indiana County Pennsylvania | |
| RT | Conemaugh River |
| SN | W central Pennsylvania. |
| indic |
|---|
| indicators | |
|---|---|
| RT | color alteration index |
| depth indicators | |
| diagenesis | |
| encrustations | |
| geochemical indicators | |
| gossan | |
| hydrocarbon indicators | |
| paleoclimatology | |
| paleoecology | |
| plate tectonics | |
| Indigirka River | |
|---|---|
| BT | Commonwealth of Independent States |
| .Russian Federation | |
| ..Yakutia Russian Federation | |
| ...Indigirka River | |
| SN | NE Yakutia. Flows into East Siberian Sea. Before 1978, also search Indigirka. This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| indium | |
|---|---|
| BT | metals |
| .indium | |
| UF | In |
| Indo-Antarctic Ridge | |
|---|---|
| USE | Southeast Indian Ridge |
| Indo-Australian Plate | |
|---|---|
| RT | Australia |
| Australian Plate | |
| Australian-Antarctic discordance | |
| Bangladesh | |
| Himalayas | |
| India | |
| Indian Ocean | |
| Indian Peninsula | |
| New Guinea | |
| New Zealand | |
| Pacific Ocean | |
| Pakistan | |
| plate tectonics | |
| plates | |
| Xizang China | |
| SN | Considered by some to be split in modern times. Also search Indian Plate and Australian Plate. Indexed with geographic area and/or age as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1993. |
| Indo-China (French) | |
|---|---|
| USE | Indochina |
| Indo-Sinian Orogeny | |
|---|---|
| USE | Indosinian Orogeny |
| Indochina | |
|---|---|
| BT | Asia |
| .Far East | |
| ..Indochina | |
| UF | Farther India |
| French Indochina | |
| Indo-China (French) | |
| RT | Malaysia |
| Thailand | |
| Vietnam | |
| Cambodia | |
| Burma | |
| Cathaysia | |
| Indosinian Orogeny | |
| Laos | |
| Malay Peninsula | |
| West Malaysia | |
| SN | The SE peninsula of Asia including the Malay Peninsula. (French Indochina consisted of current Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam). Before 1960, French Indochina and Indo-China (French) were also used. Indexed with countries as applicable. |
| indochinite | |
|---|---|
| BT | tektites |
| .indochinite | |
| Indonesia | |
|---|---|
| BT | Asia |
| .Far East | |
| ..Indonesia | |
| NT | Bali |
| Bangka | |
| Billiton | |
| Celebes | |
| Irian Jaya Indonesia | |
| Java | |
| Kalimantan Indonesia | |
| Krakatoa | |
| Moluccas | |
| Pantar | |
| Sumatra | |
| Sunda Arc | |
| Sunda Strait | |
| UF | Dutch East Indies |
| Netherland India | |
| RT | Great Sumatran Fault |
| Arafura Sea | |
| ASEAN | |
| West Pacific Ocean Islands | |
| Malay Archipelago | |
| Lesser Sunda Islands | |
| Indonesian Seas | |
| Timor | |
| Borneo | |
| Flores Sea earthquake 1996 | |
| Kabuh Formation | |
| Kalibeng Formation | |
| Pucangan Formation | |
| SN | Before 1960, Dutch East Indies was used. Before 1945, Netherland India was used. |
| Indonesian Seas | |
|---|---|
| BT | Pacific Ocean |
| .West Pacific | |
| ..Indonesian Seas | |
| NT | Banda Sea |
| Celebes Sea | |
| Java Sea | |
| RT | Indonesia |
| Banda Arc | |
| Flores Sea earthquake 1996 | |
| SN | Includes small seas of the Pacific Ocean within Indonesia. Added to Thesaurus in 1981. |
| Indosinian Orogeny | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Mesozoic | |
| ...Indosinian Orogeny | |
| UF | Indo-Sinian Orogeny |
| RT | Triassic |
| Lower Jurassic | |
| orogeny | |
| tectonics | |
| China | |
| Indochina | |
| SN | Triassic and Lower Jurassic. China, E and central Xizang and Indochina. Before 1993, also search Indosinian; Indosinian Movement. Indexed with ages as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1993. |
| Indre France | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Western Europe | |
| ..France | |
| ...Indre France | |
| RT | Touraine |
| SN | Department in W central France. |
| Indre-et-Loire France | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Western Europe | |
| ..France | |
| ...Indre-et-Loire France | |
| NT | Tours France |
| RT | Touraine |
| SN | Department in N central France. |
| induced | |
|---|---|
| SN | Used in subfile G. See induced earthquakes; induced magnetization; induced polarization; induction. |
| induced earthquakes | |
|---|---|
| BT | earthquakes |
| .induced earthquakes | |
| RT | seismology |
| engineering geology | |
| earthquake prediction | |
| Parkfield earthquakes | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1981. |
| induced magnetization | |
|---|---|
| BT | magnetization |
| .induced magnetization | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1981. |
| induced polarization | |
|---|---|
| RT | coupling |
| dipole-dipole methods | |
| electrical field | |
| electrical methods | |
| geophysical methods | |
| geophysical surveys | |
| polarization | |
| well-logging | |
| SN | Indexed with applicable methods. For surveys, also index geophysical surveys. |
| induction | |
|---|---|
| RT | electromagnetic methods |
| geophysical methods | |
| magnetic field | |
| paleomagnetism | |
| well-logging | |
| SN | Used for geophysical properties. |
| inductively coupled plasma | |
|---|---|
| USE | inductively coupled plasma methods |
| inductively coupled plasma methods | |
|---|---|
| BT | spectroscopy |
| .inductively coupled plasma methods | |
| UF | inductively coupled plasma |
| inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy | |
| RT | emission spectroscopy |
| mass spectroscopy | |
| chemical analysis | |
| coupling | |
| plasma emission spectroscopy | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1985. |
| inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy | |
|---|---|
| USE | inductively coupled plasma methods |
| Indunian | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Mesozoic | |
| ...Triassic | |
| ....Lower Triassic | |
| .....Indunian | |
| Indus Fan | |
|---|---|
| BT | Indian Ocean |
| .Arabian Sea | |
| ..Indus Fan | |
| RT | DSDP Site 222 |
| Leg 117 | |
| ODP Site 720 | |
| SN | Deep-sea fan. E Arabian Sea. Added to Thesaurus in 1995. |
| Indus River | |
|---|---|
| BT | Asia |
| .Indus River | |
| RT | Jammu and Kashmir |
| Pakistan | |
| Xizang China | |
| SN | Rises in SW Tibet and flows into Arabian Sea. Indexed with Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan, and Xinjiang China as applicable. |
| Indus suture zone | |
|---|---|
| USE | Indus-Yarlung Zangbo suture zone |
| Indus-Tsangpo suture zone | |
|---|---|
| USE | Indus-Yarlung Zangbo suture zone |
| Indus-Yarlung Zangbo suture zone | |
|---|---|
| BT | Asia |
| .Indus-Yarlung Zangbo suture zone | |
| UF | Indus suture zone |
| Indus-Tsangpo suture zone | |
| Yarlung Zangbo suture zone | |
| RT | Indian Peninsula |
| Kohistan | |
| India | |
| China | |
| Jammu and Kashmir | |
| Pakistan | |
| Xizang China | |
| Qinghai-Xizang Plateau | |
| Ladakh | |
| SN | Extends from Kohistan through Ladakh and Xizang. Indus Zone, Indus suture zone, Indus-Tsangpo suture zone have been used for sections primarily outside Xizang, and Yarlung Zangbo suture zone for sections in Xizang. Indexed with countries and regions as ap |
| industrial ash |
|---|
| industrial materials | |
|---|---|
| USE | industrial minerals |
| industrial minerals | |
|---|---|
| UF | industrial materials |
| RT | abrasives |
| carborundum | |
| corundum deposits | |
| garnet deposits | |
| absorbent materials | |
| minerals | |
| carbonado | |
| refractory materials | |
| industrial minerals maps | |
| graphite deposits | |
| nonmetal deposits | |
| zeolite deposits | |
| SN | Commodity. See List C. |
| industrial minerals maps | |
|---|---|
| BT | maps |
| .industrial minerals maps | |
| RT | industrial minerals |
| economic geology maps | |
| SN | Before 1982, also search industrial minerals AND maps. Added to Thesaurus in 1982. |
| industrial patents | |
|---|---|
| RT | economics |
| industry | |
| SN | Usually out-of-scope for GeoRef. Added to Thesaurus in 1981. |
| industrial waste | |
|---|---|
| UF | waste, industrial |
| RT | pollution |
| environmental geology | |
| waste disposal | |
| chemical waste | |
| radioactive waste | |
| waste disposal sites | |
| liquid waste | |
| solid waste | |
| waste water | |
| PCBs | |
| SN | Indexed with specific type. |
| industrialized countries | |
|---|---|
| RT | communist countries |
| developing countries | |
| economics | |
| international cooperation | |
| policy | |
| Western World | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1985. |
| industry | |
|---|---|
| RT | annual report |
| chemical industry | |
| companies | |
| economic geology | |
| engineering geology | |
| environmental geology | |
| industrial patents | |
| SN | Used as a general term. |
| INEEL | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Idaho | |
| ..INEEL | |
| UF | Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory |
| Idaho National Engineering Laboratory (INEL) | |
| RT | government agencies |
| Bingham County Idaho | |
| Butte County Idaho | |
| nuclear facilities | |
| Clark County Idaho | |
| Jefferson County Idaho | |
| SN | SE central Idaho including parts of Butte, Bingham, Jefferson, and Clark counties. Also search its former name, Idaho National Engineering Laboratory. Indexed with U. S. counties as applicable. |
| inert gases | |
|---|---|
| USE | noble gases |
| inertial seismographs | |
|---|---|
| BT | seismographs |
| .inertial seismographs | |
| UF | inertial seismometers |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1981. |
| inertial seismometers | |
|---|---|
| USE | inertial seismographs |
| inertinite | |
|---|---|
| BT | macerals |
| .inertinite | |
| NT | fusinite |
| micrinite | |
| sclerotinite | |
| semifusinite | |
| infiltration | |
|---|---|
| RT | DRAINMOD |
| Green-Ampt model | |
| ground water | |
| hydrology | |
| imbibition | |
| infiltrometers | |
| percolation | |
| recharge | |
| Richards equation | |
| soils | |
| unsaturated zone | |
| water regimes | |
| waterlogging | |
| infiltration galleries | |
|---|---|
| RT | ground water |
| underground channels | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1981. |
| infiltrometers | |
|---|---|
| RT | hydrogeology |
| hydrology | |
| infiltration | |
| instruments | |
| leaching | |
| lysimeters | |
| seepage | |
| surface water | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1995. |
| infinite models | |
|---|---|
| RT | mathematical models |
| models | |
| semi-infinite models | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1981. |
| influence | |
|---|---|
| RT | effects |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1981. |
| information management | |
|---|---|
| NT | data management |
| RT | computer networks |
| data bases | |
| data processing | |
| digital data | |
| expert systems | |
| geographic information systems | |
| information systems | |
| Internet | |
| spatial data | |
| systems analysis | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1998. |
| Infracambrian | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Precambrian | |
| ..Proterozoic | |
| ...Neoproterozoic | |
| ....Infracambrian | |
| RT | Eocambrian |
| Ediacaran | |
| Vendian | |
| infrared | |
|---|---|
| SN | A valid term through 1977. After 1977, see infrared methods for geophysical methods or see infrared spectra, or infrared spectroscopy as applicable. |
| infrared exploration | |
|---|---|
| SN | Not a valid index term after 1971. Used in subfiles G and N. Now use infrared methods. |
| infrared methods | |
|---|---|
| BT | geophysical methods |
| .infrared methods | |
| NT | AVHRR |
| AVIRIS | |
| RT | chemical analysis |
| backscattering | |
| geophysical surveys | |
| remote sensing | |
| thermal emission | |
| ERS-1 | |
| infrared spectroscopy | |
| Thermal Infrared Multispectral Scanner | |
| SN | For surveys, search with geophysical surveys and an area. For surveys, also index geophysical surveys and the area. |
| infrared spectra | |
|---|---|
| BT | spectra |
| .infrared spectra | |
| NT | FTIR spectra |
| UF | IR spectra |
| RT | spectroscopy |
| chemical analysis | |
| dosimetry | |
| vibrational spectra | |
| infrared spectroscopy | |
| near-infrared spectra | |
| SN | Before 1978, also search infrared. |
| infrared spectroscopy | |
|---|---|
| BT | spectroscopy |
| .infrared spectroscopy | |
| NT | Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy |
| RT | chemical analysis |
| analysis | |
| infrared methods | |
| infrared spectra | |
| SN | Before 1978, also search spectroscopy AND infrared. |
| Ingaladhal | |
|---|---|
| USE | Ingaldhal |
| Ingaldhal | |
|---|---|
| BT | Asia |
| .Indian Peninsula | |
| ..India | |
| ...Karnataka India | |
| ....Chitradurga India | |
| .....Ingaldhal | |
| UF | Ingaladhal |
| SN | Ore bearing region in Chitradurga District in central Karnataka. |
| Ingham County Michigan | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Michigan | |
| ..Michigan Lower Peninsula | |
| ...Ingham County Michigan | |
| RT | Lansing Michigan |
| SN | S central Michigan. |
| Ingleborough | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Western Europe | |
| ..United Kingdom | |
| ...Great Britain | |
| ....England | |
| .....Yorkshire England | |
| ......North Yorkshire England | |
| .......Ingleborough | |
| SN | Mountain in W North Yorkshire in N England. |
| Ingleton England | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Western Europe | |
| ..United Kingdom | |
| ...Great Britain | |
| ....England | |
| .....Ingleton England | |
| RT | Durham England |
| North Yorkshire England | |
| SN | Towns in North Yorkshire and Durham in N England. Indexed with counties as applicable. |
| Inglewood California | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .California | |
| ..Los Angeles County California | |
| ...Inglewood California | |
| SN | City in S California. |
| Inglewood Fault | |
|---|---|
| USE | Newport-Inglewood Fault |
| Ingul River | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Ukraine | |
| ..Ingul River | |
| SN | S Ukraine. Also search Ingul. This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| Ingulets River | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Ukraine | |
| ..Ingulets River | |
| RT | Krivoy Rog Basin |
| SN | S Ukraine. Also search Ingulets. This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| Ingur (River) | |
|---|---|
| USE | Inguri River |
| Inguri River | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Georgian Republic | |
| ..Inguri River | |
| UF | Ingur (River) |
| SN | Flows into Black Sea. Also search Ingur or Inguri. |
| inhomogeneity | |
|---|---|
| USE | heterogeneity |
| initial neodymium | |
|---|---|
| SN | As of 1998, not a valid term for GeoRef. For absolute age dating use Nd/Nd or Sm/Nd as applicable. Otherwise, use specific isotope ratio such as Nd-144/Nd-143 and event or process of interest such as magma contamination or mixing as applicable. |
| injection | |
|---|---|
| RT | artificial recharge |
| engineering geology | |
| environmental geology | |
| fluid injection | |
| gas injection | |
| mercury injection | |
| reinjection wells | |
| slug tests | |
| waste disposal | |
| injection wells | |
|---|---|
| USE | fluid injection |
| Inland Sea | |
|---|---|
| BT | Asia |
| .Far East | |
| ..Japan | |
| ...Inland Sea | |
| UF | Seto Inland Sea |
| Seto Sea | |
| Seto-chi-umi | |
| Seto-Naikai | |
| Setouchi | |
| RT | Honshu |
| Kyushu | |
| Shikoku | |
| Osaka Bay | |
| SN | Extends E-W with W Honshu on the N, Shikoku on the S, and Kyushu on the W. Connected with Pacific Ocean by 4 channels. |
| inland seas | |
|---|---|
| USE | epicontinental seas |
| inlets | |
|---|---|
| BT | shore features |
| .inlets | |
| RT | geomorphology |
| fluvial features | |
| shorelines | |
| bays | |
| embayments | |
| coastal environment | |
| lacustrine features | |
| tidal inlets | |
| inliers | |
|---|---|
| RT | erosion features |
| geomorphology | |
| landforms | |
| outliers | |
| stratigraphy | |
| structural geology | |
| tectonics | |
| windows | |
| Inn Valley | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Central Europe | |
| ..Inn Valley | |
| RT | Bavaria Germany |
| Tyrol Austria | |
| Baumkirchen | |
| Graubunden Switzerland | |
| SN | River valley. |
| innelite | |
|---|---|
| BT | silicates |
| .orthosilicates | |
| ..sorosilicates | |
| ...innelite | |
| inner core | |
|---|---|
| BT | core |
| .inner core | |
| RT | outer core |
| Inner Hebrides | |
|---|---|
| BT | brides |
| .Inner Hebrides | |
| NT | Islay |
| Isle of Skye | |
| Mull Island | |
| Raasay | |
| Rhum | |
| RT | Highland region Scotland |
| Strathclyde region Scotland | |
| Outer Hebrides | |
| SN | Islands immediately off W coast of Scotland. Separated from Outer Hebrides by the Straits of The Minch, the Little Minch, and the Sea of Hebrides. |
| Inner Mongolia China | |
|---|---|
| BT | Asia |
| .Far East | |
| ..China | |
| ...Inner Mongolia China | |
| NT | Bayan Obo China |
| UF | Nei Monggol China |
| Nei Mongol China | |
| RT | Amur Basin |
| Amur River | |
| Gobi Desert | |
| Da Hinggan Ling | |
| Ordos Basin | |
| Kerulen River | |
| SN | Autonomous region N China. |
| inner shelf | |
|---|---|
| BT | continental shelf |
| .inner shelf | |
| RT | outer shelf |
| inner slope | |
|---|---|
| BT | continental slope |
| .inner slope | |
| RT | outer slope |
| shelf-slope break | |
| Inner Slovakian Carpathians | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Central Europe | |
| ..Slovakia | |
| ...Slovakian Carpathians | |
| ....Inner Slovakian Carpathians | |
| SN | Central Slovakia. This term has multiple hierarchies. Added to Thesaurus in 1993. |
| inner transition elements | |
|---|---|
| USE | rare earths |
| Innisfree Meteorite | |
|---|---|
| BT | meteorites |
| .stony meteorites | |
| ..chondrites | |
| ...LL chondrites | |
| ....Innisfree Meteorite | |
| RT | Alberta |
| Canada | |
| SN | Impact at Innisfree, E central Alberta, Canada. Before 1985, also search Innisfree AND meteorites. Added to Thesaurus in 1985. |
| Innsbruck Austria | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Central Europe | |
| ..Austria | |
| ...Tyrol Austria | |
| ....Innsbruck Austria | |
| SN | City in central Tyrol, W Austria. |
| Inocerami | |
|---|---|
| BT | Invertebrata |
| .Mollusca | |
| ..Bivalvia | |
| ...Pteriina | |
| ....Inocerami | |
| NT | Inoceramidae |
| SN | Includes the family Inoceramidae. |
| Inoceramidae | |
|---|---|
| BT | Invertebrata |
| .Mollusca | |
| ..Bivalvia | |
| ...Pteriina | |
| ....Inocerami | |
| .....Inoceramidae | |
| NT | Inoceramus |
| SN | Family. |
| Inoceramus | |
|---|---|
| BT | Invertebrata |
| .Mollusca | |
| ..Bivalvia | |
| ...Pteriina | |
| ....Inocerami | |
| .....Inoceramidae | |
| ......Inoceramus | |
| SN | Genus. |
| inorganic | |
|---|---|
| SN | A valid term through 1977. After 1977, use inorganic materials. |
| inorganic acids | |
|---|---|
| NT | hydrochloric acid |
| hydrofluoric acid | |
| nitric acid | |
| sulfuric acid | |
| RT | acids |
| organic acids | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1981. |
| inorganic materials | |
|---|---|
| RT | ligands |
| materials | |
| organic compounds | |
| SN | Before 1978, also search inorganic AND materials. |
| inosilicates | |
|---|---|
| USE | chain silicates |
| Inowroclaw Poland | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Central Europe | |
| ..Poland | |
| ...Bydgoszcz Poland | |
| ....Inowroclaw Poland | |
| SN | City in N central Poland. |
| INQUA | |
|---|---|
| UF | International Association for Quaternary Research |
| RT | associations |
| SN | Acronym. |
| Insecta | |
|---|---|
| BT | Invertebrata |
| .Arthropoda | |
| ..Mandibulata | |
| ...Insecta | |
| NT | Entotropha |
| Pterygota | |
| RT | flight |
| wings | |
| eggs | |
| SN | Class. |
| insecticides | |
|---|---|
| BT | pesticides |
| .insecticides | |
| RT | environmental geology |
| agrochemicals | |
| waste disposal | |
| aldicarb | |
| pollutants | |
| chloroform | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1995. |
| Insectivora | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chordata |
| .Vertebrata | |
| ..Tetrapoda | |
| ...Mammalia | |
| ....Theria | |
| .....Eutheria | |
| ......Insectivora | |
| NT | Dermoptera |
| Macroscelida | |
| Proteutheria | |
| Soricidae | |
| SN | Order. |
| inselbergs | |
|---|---|
| BT | erosion features |
| .inselbergs | |
| RT | geomorphology |
| insolation | |
|---|---|
| RT | mechanical weathering |
| Milankovitch theory | |
| weathering | |
| insoluble residues | |
|---|---|
| UF | residues, insoluble |
| RT | sedimentary rocks |
| siliceous composition | |
| solubility | |
| SN | Sometimes abbreviated as IR. |
| instabilities, plasma | |
|---|---|
| SN | Not a valid term for GeoRef. Usually out-of-scope. Used as plasma instabilities with magnetosphere. |
| installations, marine | |
|---|---|
| USE | marine installations |
| installations, submarine | |
|---|---|
| USE | submarine installations |
| installations, underground | |
|---|---|
| USE | underground installations |
| institutions | |
|---|---|
| RT | academic institutions |
| associations | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1981. |
| instruments | |
|---|---|
| RT | accelerator mass spectroscopy |
| accelerometers | |
| air guns | |
| anvil cells | |
| AVHRR | |
| AVIRIS | |
| borehole televiewers | |
| calibration | |
| design | |
| dilatometers | |
| dosimetry | |
| extensometers | |
| flowmeters | |
| Formation MicroScanner | |
| Fraunhofer line discriminators | |
| geophones | |
| GLORIA | |
| gravimeters | |
| hydro | |
| SN | Before 1971, also search apparatus. |
| insular shelf | |
|---|---|
| UF | island shelf |
| RT | ocean floors |
| continental shelf | |
| islands | |
| shelf environment | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1985. |
| insulation materials | |
|---|---|
| BT | construction materials |
| .insulation materials | |
| RT | materials |
| glass materials | |
| asbestos deposits | |
| clays | |
| mica deposits | |
| SN | May be used as a commodity term. See List C. |
| Int |
|---|
| intensities | |
|---|---|
| USE | intensity |
| intensity | |
|---|---|
| UF | intensities |
| RT | particles |
| cosmic rays | |
| interplanetary space | |
| seismic intensity | |
| solar cycles | |
| magnetic intensity | |
| magnitude | |
| SN | General term as of 1981. For intensity of earthquakes, use seismic intensity. |
| interactions, boundary | |
|---|---|
| USE | boundary interactions |
| interactive analysis | |
|---|---|
| USE | interactive techniques |
| interactive methods | |
|---|---|
| USE | interactive techniques |
| interactive techniques | |
|---|---|
| UF | interactive analysis |
| interactive methods | |
| RT | data processing |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1985. |
| interface, air-sea | |
|---|---|
| USE | air-sea interface |
| interface, oil-gas | |
|---|---|
| USE | oil-gas interface |
| interface, oil-water | |
|---|---|
| USE | oil-water interface |
| interface, sediment-water | |
|---|---|
| USE | sediment-water interface |
| interfaces | |
|---|---|
| RT | air-sea interface |
| air-water interface | |
| gas-water interface | |
| mineral-water interface | |
| oil-gas interface | |
| oil-water interface | |
| sediment-water interface | |
| soil-structure interface | |
| surfactants | |
| water-rock interaction | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1981. |
| interfacial tension | |
|---|---|
| USE | surface tension |
| interference patterns | |
|---|---|
| RT | folds |
| foliation | |
| patterns | |
| petrofabrics | |
| structural analysis | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1985. |
| interferometry | |
|---|---|
| RT | very long baseline interferometry |
| SN | General term appropriate for many topics. |
| interglacial | |
|---|---|
| SN | A valid term through 1977. After 1977, see interglacial environment or specific interglacial stage. |
| interglacial environment | |
|---|---|
| RT | depositional environment |
| glacial environment | |
| glacial geology | |
| interstadial environment | |
| late-glacial environment | |
| paleoclimatology | |
| sedimentation | |
| SN | Before 1978, search interglacial. |
| intergrowths | |
|---|---|
| RT | crystal growth |
| crystallization | |
| crystallography | |
| crystals | |
| interior | |
|---|---|
| RT | core |
| dynamos | |
| Earth | |
| geodynamics | |
| lunar interior | |
| magma oceans | |
| Moon | |
| planetary interiors | |
| seismology | |
| subsidence | |
| SN | As of 1981, restricted to the Earth. |
| interlaboratory comparison | |
|---|---|
| RT | chemical analysis |
| materials | |
| minerals | |
| petrology | |
| quality control | |
| soil mechanics | |
| spectroscopy | |
| standard materials | |
| standard rocks | |
| standardization | |
| thermal analysis | |
| SN | Used for comparison of standard materials between laboratories. Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| Interlake Forma |
|---|
| Interlake Formation | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Paleozoic | |
| ...Silurian | |
| ....Lower Silurian | |
| .....Llandoverian | |
| ......Interlake Formation | |
| RT | Saskatchewan |
| Montana | |
| North Dakota | |
| Manitoba | |
| SN | Located in the Williston Basin. Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| interlayering | |
|---|---|
| USE | mineral interlayer |
| intermediate earthquake | |
|---|---|
| USE | intermediate-focus earthquakes |
| intermediate-focus earthquakes | |
|---|---|
| BT | earthquakes |
| .intermediate-focus earthquakes | |
| UF | intermediate earthquake |
| RT | focus |
| shallow-focus earthquakes | |
| deep-focus earthquakes | |
| SN | Before 1978, search intermediate-focus. |
| intermittent springs | |
|---|---|
| BT | springs |
| .intermittent springs | |
| RT | ground water |
| hydrology | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1982. |
| intermontane basins | |
|---|---|
| BT | basins |
| .intermontane basins | |
| Intermontane Belt | |
|---|---|
| BT | North America |
| .Intermontane Belt | |
| RT | Alberta |
| Washington | |
| Alaska | |
| British Columbia | |
| Yukon Territory | |
| SN | One of several tectonic belts between the Coast Ranges and Rocky Mountains, NW North America. Also search Intermontain Belt. Indexed with Washington and/or Canadian provinces or territories as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1995. |
| internal constitution | |
|---|---|
| SN | Used in subfile G. See interior; planetary interiors. |
| internal waves | |
|---|---|
| RT | ocean waves |
| waves | |
| International Association for Quaternary Research | |
|---|---|
| USE | INQUA |
| International Decade of Ocean Exploration | |
|---|---|
| RT | oceanography |
| research vessels | |
| INternational DEep Profiling of Tibet and the Himalaya | |
|---|---|
| USE | INDEPTH |
| International Geological Congress | |
|---|---|
| UF | IGC |
| RT | associations |
| International Geological Correlation Programme | |
|---|---|
| USE | IGCP |
| International Geosphere-Biosphere Program | |
|---|---|
| USE | IGBP |
| International Lithosphere Program | |
|---|---|
| UF | ILP (International Lithosphere Program) |
| RT | international cooperation |
| research | |
| programs | |
| IUGS | |
| SN | Of the IUGS and International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics. Acronym is ILP. |
| International Monetary Fund | |
|---|---|
| RT | associations |
| economics | |
| international cooperation | |
| United Nations | |
| World Bank | |
| SN | Sometimes abbreviated as IMF. Usually out-of-scope for GeoRef. Added to Thesaurus in 1981. |
| International Phase of Ocean Drilling | |
|---|---|
| USE | IPOD |
| International Union of Geological Sciences | |
|---|---|
| USE | IUGS |
| Internet | |
|---|---|
| BT | computer networks |
| .Internet | |
| RT | education |
| data processing | |
| information systems | |
| data retrieval | |
| information management | |
| data handling | |
| digital data | |
| World Wide Web | |
| spatial data | |
| interpla |
|---|
| interplanetary comparison | |
|---|---|
| RT | extraterrestrial geology |
| natural analogs | |
| planetology | |
| planets | |
| terrestrial comparison | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1981. |
| interplanetary dust | |
|---|---|
| RT | cosmic dust |
| dust | |
| interplanetary space | |
| meteorites | |
| particles | |
| interplanetary space | |
|---|---|
| UF | outer space |
| space | |
| RT | planetology |
| particles | |
| albedo | |
| cosmic rays | |
| extraterrestrial geology | |
| asteroids | |
| cosmic dust | |
| meteoroids | |
| solar system | |
| shock waves | |
| meteors | |
| comae | |
| comets | |
| solar wind | |
| interplanetary dust | |
| electromagnetic radiation | |
| intensity | |
| solar cycles | |
| Halley's Comet | |
| SN | Usually out-of-scope for GeoRef. |
| interpolation | |
|---|---|
| RT | functions |
| geostatistics | |
| interpretation | |
| kriging | |
| mathematical geology | |
| splines | |
| statistical analysis | |
| interpretation | |
|---|---|
| RT | concepts |
| extrapolation | |
| interpolation | |
| SN | Appropriate to a large number of general topics. |
| interstadial environment | |
|---|---|
| RT | depositional environment |
| glacial environment | |
| glacial geology | |
| glaciation | |
| interglacial environment | |
| late-glacial environment | |
| periglacial environment | |
| sedimentation | |
| SN | Before 1978, search interglacial. |
| interstellar dust | |
|---|---|
| USE | cosmic dust |
| interstitial water | |
|---|---|
| USE | pore water |
| intertidal environment | |
|---|---|
| BT | coastal environment |
| .intertidal environment | |
| UF | littoral environment |
| RT | sedimentation |
| ecology | |
| depositional environment | |
| marine environment | |
| shorelines | |
| capes | |
| littoral erosion | |
| foredunes | |
| wave-cut platforms | |
| tidal flats | |
| intertidal sedimentation | |
| SN | As of 1981, used for littoral environment. Before 1981, also search tidal environment. Before 1978, search intertidal; littoral. |
| intertidal sedimentation | |
|---|---|
| BT | sedimentation |
| .intertidal sedimentation | |
| RT | intertidal environment |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1981. |
| Intertrappean Beds | |
|---|---|
| UF | Deccan Intertrappean |
| Deccan Intertrappean Beds | |
| Deccan Intertrappean Series | |
| RT | Upper Cretaceous |
| Paleocene | |
| lower Eocene | |
| India | |
| Deccan Traps | |
| SN | Upper Cretaceous to lower Eocene. Sedimentary deposits of fossiliferous cherts, freshwater limestone or bole intercalated between the flows of Deccan Trap Basalt. Also search Intertrappean. Indexed with ages as applicable. |
| intraclastic texture | |
|---|---|
| USE | intraclasts |
| intraclasts | |
|---|---|
| UF | intraclastic texture |
| RT | allochems |
| textures | |
| carbonate rocks | |
| intracontinental belts | |
|---|---|
| RT | orogenic belts |
| orogeny | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1981. |
| intracratonic basins | |
|---|---|
| BT | basins |
| .intracratonic basins | |
| RT | tectonics |
| cratons | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1981. |
| intrafolial folds | |
|---|---|
| BT | folds |
| .intrafolial folds | |
| SN | Before 1978, search folds AND intrafolial. |
| intraformational structures | |
|---|---|
| RT | sedimentary structures |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1982. |
| intramagmatic deposits | |
|---|---|
| RT | magmatism |
| mineral deposits, genesis | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1981. |
| intraplate | |
|---|---|
| USE | intraplate processes |
| intraplate processes | |
|---|---|
| UF | intraplate |
| RT | volcanism |
| tectonics | |
| earthquakes | |
| plate tectonics | |
| volcanoes | |
| swells | |
| seismicity | |
| mantle plumes | |
| SN | Before 1993, also search midplate or mid-plate or intraplate tectonics if applicable. May be searched in combination with earthquakes, seismicity, volcanism, tectonics, etc. Added to Thesaurus in 1993. |
| intraplate tectonics | |
|---|---|
| SN | No longer a valid term for GeoRef. See intraplate processes. |
| Intrazonal soils | |
|---|---|
| BT | soils |
| .Intrazonal soils | |
| RT | soil group |
| Bog soils | |
| Hydromorphic soils | |
| Brown forest soils | |
| Meadow soils | |
| Planosols | |
| Solonchak soils | |
| Solonetz soils | |
| intrusion (ground water) | |
|---|---|
| USE | salt-water intrusion |
| intrusions | |
|---|---|
| NT | batholiths |
| diatremes | |
| dikes | |
| laccoliths | |
| layered intrusions | |
| lopoliths | |
| pipes | |
| plugs | |
| plutons | |
| ring complexes | |
| sills | |
| stocks | |
| UF | invasion (intrusion) |
| irruption (intrusion) | |
| RT | igneous rocks |
| magmas | |
| assimilation | |
| magma contamination | |
| domes | |
| country rocks | |
| emplacement | |
| hybridization | |
| aureoles | |
| contact metamorphism | |
| foliation | |
| heat flow | |
| lineation | |
| hypabyssal rocks | |
| crystallization | |
| magmatic differentiation | |
| diapirism | |
| dike swarms | |
| magma chambers | |
| SN | Used for the igneous rocks mass formed by emplacement of magma in pre-existing rock. It is also used for the process of emplacement. |
| intrusive | |
|---|---|
| SN | A valid term through 1977. Included use in subfiles E and N. After 1977, intrusive was used in conjuction with igneous rocks. Now use igneous rocks, intrusions, hypabyssal rocks and/or plutonic rocks as applicable. |
| intrusive mountain | |
|---|---|
| USE | batholiths |
| intrusive rocks | |
|---|---|
| SN | As of 1989, no longer a valid term for GeoRef. Before 1978, the term intrusive was used in conjuction with igneous rocks. Now use igneous rocks, intrusions, hypabyssal rocks and/or plutonic rocks as applicable. |
| intrusives | |
|---|---|
| SN | No longer a valid term for GeoRef. Before 1971, included use in subfiles E, G, N, T and B. Now use igneous rocks and/or intrusions as applicable. |
| Inuvik Northwest Territories | |
|---|---|
| BT | Canada |
| .Western Canada | |
| ..Mackenzie District Northwest Territories | |
| ...Inuvik Northwest Territories | |
| SN | Village in NW Mackenzie District, W Northwest Territories. This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| invasion (intrusion) | |
|---|---|
| USE | intrusions |
| inventory | |
|---|---|
| RT | catalogs |
| coal | |
| energy sources | |
| evaluation | |
| geothermal energy | |
| mineral inventory | |
| peat | |
| petroleum | |
| reserves | |
| resources | |
| water resources | |
| SN | Use mineral inventory for mineral collecting. For museum collections, use collections. General term. This term may be used for energy resources. Also see evaluation. Resources, and reserves are also used for economic analyses. Also see geophysical surveys |
| Inverness County Nova Scotia | |
|---|---|
| BT | Canada |
| .Eastern Canada | |
| ..Maritime Provinces | |
| ...Nova Scotia | |
| ....Inverness County Nova Scotia | |
| Inverness Scotland | |
|---|---|
| BT | ghland region Scotland |
| .Inverness-shire Scotland | |
| ..Inverness Scotland | |
| SN | City in Inverness-shire, Highland region, N Scotland. |
| Inverness-shire Scotland | |
|---|---|
| BT | ghland region Scotland |
| .Inverness-shire Scotland | |
| NT | Inverness Scotland |
| Isle of Skye | |
| Raasay | |
| Rhum | |
| UF | Invernessshire Scotland |
| SN | Former county in NW Scotland. |
| Invernessshire Scotland | |
|---|---|
| USE | Inverness-shire Scotland |
| inverse magnetization | |
|---|---|
| BT | magnetization |
| .inverse magnetization | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1981. |
| inversion (seismology) | |
|---|---|
| USE | inverse problem |
| inversion tectonics | |
|---|---|
| BT | tectonics |
| .inversion tectonics | |
| RT | basin inversion |
| relief inversion | |
| reverse faults | |
| SN | Also search basin inversion if applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1998. |
| inversion, basin | |
|---|---|
| USE | basin inversion |
| Invertebrata | |
|---|---|
| NT | Archaeocyatha |
| Arthropoda | |
| Brachiopoda | |
| Bryozoa | |
| Coelenterata | |
| Echinodermata | |
| Mollusca | |
| Porifera | |
| Protista | |
| Vermes | |
| RT | affinities |
| Camaroidea | |
| Cephalodiscida | |
| chitin | |
| Dendroidea | |
| Didymograptina | |
| Didymograptus | |
| Diplograptina | |
| Enteropneusta | |
| eukaryotes | |
| exoskeletons | |
| Glossograptina | |
| Graptolithina | |
| Graptoloidea | |
| ichnofossils | |
| Isograptus | |
| Metazoa | |
| Monograptina | |
| Monograptus | |
| Monograptus uniformi | |
| SN | Term is to be used only when more specific terms do not apply or are too numerous to be recorded. |
| Invertebrate Paleontology (category) | |
|---|---|
| SN | Invertebrate paleontology, GeoRef category code 10, is one of thirty categories used to classify documents in GeoRef. Each reference in GeoRef is assigned one or more categories. Categories can be used, in addition to Terms, to refine searches (See List A |
| investment | |
|---|---|
| RT | economics |
| investment legislation | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1981. |
| investment legislation | |
|---|---|
| RT | economics |
| investment | |
| legislation | |
| SN | Usually out-of-scope for GeoRef. Added to Thesaurus in 1981. |
| Inyan Kara Group | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Mesozoic | |
| ...Cretaceous | |
| ....Lower Cretaceous | |
| .....Inyan Kara Group | |
| RT | Wyoming |
| North Dakota | |
| South Dakota | |
| Fall River Formation | |
| Lakota Formation | |
| SN | NE Wyoming, North Dakota and W South Dakota. Added to Thesaurus in 1985. |
| Inyo Domes | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .California | |
| ..Mono County California | |
| ...Inyo Domes | |
| RT | Long Valley Caldera |
| Owens Valley | |
| Obsidian Dome | |
| SN | In Long Valley Caldera, E California. Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| Inyo Mountains | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .California | |
| ..Inyo County California | |
| ...Inyo Mountains | |
| UF | White-Inyo Mountains |
| White-Inyo Range | |
| RT | White Mountains |
| SN | Range in E California. |
| Io | |
|---|---|
| SN | Not a valid term for GeoRef. As of 1985, for isotope ionium, use Th-230. For satellite of Jupiter, use Io Satellite. |
| Io Satellite | |
|---|---|
| RT | Galilean satellites |
| Jupiter | |
| satellites | |
| Voyager Program | |
| SN | One of the satellites of Jupiter. Before 1985, also search Io AND Jupiter. Use Th-230 for isotope ionium (Io). Added to Thesaurus in 1985. |
| Io/Th | |
|---|---|
| RT | absolute age |
| isotope ratios | |
| Th-230 | |
| thorium | |
| SN | Isotopic ratio used in age determination. |
| Io/U | |
|---|---|
| RT | absolute age |
| isotope ratios | |
| Th-230 | |
| thorium | |
| uranium | |
| SN | Isotopic ratio used in age determination. |
| iodates | |
|---|---|
| RT | minerals |
| iodides | |
|---|---|
| BT | halides |
| .iodides | |
| iodine | |
|---|---|
| BT | halogens |
| .iodine | |
| NT | I-129 |
| I-131 | |
| RT | I/Xe |
| brines | |
| iodine deposits | |
| SN | Chemical element. Use iodine deposits for iodine as a commodity. |
| iodine deposits | |
|---|---|
| RT | brines |
| iodine | |
| salt | |
| SN | Commodity. See List C. |
| Iola Field | |
|---|---|
| UF | Iola gas field |
| RT | oil and gas fields |
| Allen County Kansas | |
| Brazos County Texas | |
| Clay County Illinois | |
| SN | Gas field in Clay County in S central Illinois; Also oil and gas fields in Grimes County Texas and in Allen County Kansas. Before 1978, search Iola; Iola gas field. Indexed with county or regions as applicable. |
| Iola gas field | |
|---|---|
| USE | Iola Field |
| ion chromatography | |
|---|---|
| RT | analysis |
| aqueous solutions | |
| chemical analysis | |
| chemical composition | |
| chromatography | |
| gas chromatography | |
| liquid chromatography | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| ion densities | |
|---|---|
| SN | Not a valid term for GeoRef. Usually out-of-scope. Used as ion densities and temperatures with aeronomy. |
| ion densities and temperatures | |
|---|---|
| SN | As of 1993, no longer a valid term for GeoRef. Usually out-of-scope. Used with ionosphere. |
| ion exchange | |
|---|---|
| UF | base exchange |
| RT | diffusion |
| geochemistry | |
| soils | |
| clay mineralogy | |
| surfactants | |
| ions | |
| anions | |
| electrolytes | |
| hydrochemistry | |
| crystal structure | |
| crystal chemistry | |
| sea water | |
| cation exchange capacity | |
| diffusivity | |
| SN | Also search cation exchange. |
| ion probe | |
|---|---|
| UF | probe, ion |
| RT | spectroscopy |
| chemical analysis | |
| analysis | |
| ions | |
| ion probe data | |
| SHRIMP data | |
| electron probe | |
| neutron probe | |
| SN | Term is used for methodology, not data. |
| ion probe data | |
|---|---|
| RT | data |
| ion probe | |
| SHRIMP data | |
| spectroscopy | |
| SN | Before 1978, search ion probe AND data. |
| Ionia County Michigan | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Michigan | |
| ..Michigan Lower Peninsula | |
| ...Ionia County Michigan | |
| Ionian Islands | |
|---|---|
| BT | Mediterranean region |
| .Ionian Islands | |
| NT | Greek Ionian Islands |
| Ionian Sea | |
|---|---|
| BT | Mediterranean Sea |
| .East Mediterranean | |
| ..Ionian Sea | |
| NT | Gulf of Corinth |
| RT | Leg 42A |
| Greek Ionian Islands | |
| DSDP Site 374 | |
| SN | Between SE coast of Italy and W Greece. |
| Ionian Zone | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Southern Europe | |
| ..Ionian Zone | |
| RT | Mesozoic |
| Jurassic | |
| Cretaceous | |
| Tertiary | |
| Albania | |
| Greece | |
| SN | S, SW, and W Albania and W Greece. Indexed with countries or regions as applicable. |
| ionium | |
|---|---|
| USE | Th-230 |
| ionization | |
|---|---|
| SN | As of 1993, no longer a valid term for GeoRef. Usually out-of-scope. Used with aeronomy and interplanetary space. |
| ionosphere | |
|---|---|
| SN | As of 1993, no longer a valid term for GeoRef. Usually out-of-scope. Sometimes used for special bibliographies before 1993. |
| Iosco County Michigan | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Michigan | |
| ..Michigan Lower Peninsula | |
| ...Iosco County Michigan | |
| Iowa County Iowa | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Iowa | |
| ..Iowa County Iowa | |
| SN | E central Iowa. |
| Iowa County Wisconsin | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Wisconsin | |
| ..Iowa County Wisconsin | |
| SN | S Wisconsin. |
| iozite | |
|---|---|
| USE | wuestite |
| IPOD | |
|---|---|
| BT | Deep Sea Drilling Project |
| .IPOD | |
| NT | Leg 45 |
| Leg 46 | |
| Leg 47 | |
| Leg 48 | |
| Leg 49 | |
| Leg 50 | |
| Leg 51 | |
| Leg 52 | |
| Leg 53 | |
| Leg 54 | |
| Leg 55 | |
| Leg 56 | |
| Leg 57 | |
| Leg 58 | |
| Leg 59 | |
| Leg 60 | |
| Leg 61 | |
| Leg 62 | |
| Leg 63 | |
| Leg 64 | |
| Leg 65 | |
| Leg 66 | |
| Leg 67 | |
| Leg 68 | |
| Leg 69 | |
| Leg 70 | |
| Leg 71 | |
| Leg 72 | |
| Leg 73 | |
| Leg 74 | |
| Leg 75 | |
| Leg 76 | |
| Leg 77 | |
| Leg 78A | |
| Leg 78B | |
| Leg 79 | |
| Leg 80 | |
| Leg 81 | |
| Leg 82 | |
| Leg 83 | |
| Leg 84 | |
| Leg 85 | |
| Leg 86 | |
| Leg 87 | |
| Leg 88 | |
| Leg 89 | |
| Leg 90 | |
| Leg 91 | |
| Leg 92 | |
| Leg 93 | |
| Leg 94 | |
| Leg 95 | |
| Leg 96 | |
| UF | International Phase of Ocean Drilling |
| RT | research vessels |
| JOIDES | |
| Ocean Drilling Program | |
| SN | Phase of Deep Sea Drilling Project extending from Leg 45 to Leg 96. Added to Thesaurus in 1981. |
| Ipswi |
|---|
| Ipswich Australia | |
|---|---|
| BT | Australasia |
| .Australia | |
| ..Queensland Australia | |
| ...Ipswich Australia | |
| SN | City in SE Queensland. |
| Ipswich Coal Measures | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Mesozoic | |
| ...Triassic | |
| ....Ipswich Coal Measures | |
| RT | Queensland Australia |
| Australia | |
| SN | SE Queensland. |
| Ipswichian | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Cenozoic | |
| ...Quarternary | |
| ....Pleistocene | |
| .....Upper Pleistocene | |
| ......Ipswichian | |
| SN | Europe. |
| Ir | |
|---|---|
| USE | iridium |
| IR spectra | |
|---|---|
| USE | infrared spectra |
| Irazu | |
|---|---|
| BT | Central America |
| .Costa Rica | |
| ..Irazu | |
| UF | Irazu Volcano |
| RT | volcanoes |
| SN | Volcano. central Costa Rica. Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| Irazu Volcano | |
|---|---|
| USE | Irazu |
| Iredell County North Carolina | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .North Carolina | |
| ..Iredell County North Carolina | |
| Ireland | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Western Europe | |
| ..Ireland | |
| NT | Clare Ireland |
| Cork Ireland | |
| Donegal Ireland | |
| Dublin Ireland | |
| Galway Ireland | |
| Kerry Ireland | |
| Kildare Ireland | |
| Leinster | |
| Limerick Ireland | |
| Mayo Ireland | |
| Meath Ireland | |
| Sligo Ireland | |
| Tipperary Ireland | |
| Wexford Ireland | |
| Wicklow Ireland | |
| Wicklow Mountains | |
| UF | Eire |
| RT | Northern Ireland |
| Dunnage Zone | |
| Ballachulish Complex | |
| Atlantic Ocean Islands | |
| Avalonia | |
| Dalradian | |
| Caledonian Orogeny | |
| Caledonides | |
| Highland Boundary Fault | |
| Leinster Granite | |
| Midland Valley | |
| SN | The Republic of Ireland, also called Eire, which occupies the 26 counties in the S, central, and NW of the island of Ireland. |
| irghizite | |
|---|---|
| BT | tektites |
| .irghizite | |
| RT | Kazakhstan |
| Aktyubinsk Kazakhstan | |
| Zhamanshin Crater | |
| SN | Tektite group associated with Zhamanshin Crater in Kazakhstan. Before 1993, also search irgizite. Added to Thesaurus in 1993. |
| Irgiz Kazakhstan | |
|---|---|
| BT | Commonwealth of Independent States |
| .Kazakhstan | |
| ..Aktyubinsk Kazakhstan | |
| ...Irgiz Kazakhstan | |
| SN | Village on Irgiz River in Aktyubinsk Oblast in E Kazakhstan. This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| Irian Barat | |
|---|---|
| USE | Irian Jaya Indonesia |
| Irian Jaya Indonesia | |
|---|---|
| BT | Asia |
| .Far East | |
| ..Indonesia | |
| ...Irian Jaya Indonesia | |
| BT | Malay Archipelago |
| .New Guinea | |
| ..Irian Jaya Indonesia | |
| UF | Dutch New Guinea |
| Irian Barat | |
| Netherlands New Guinea | |
| West Irian | |
| West New Guinea | |
| RT | False Cape |
| Papuan Basin | |
| Papuan fold belt | |
| SN | W half of island of New Guinea. This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| iridium | |
|---|---|
| BT | metals |
| .platinum group | |
| ..iridium | |
| UF | Ir |
| RT | iridium ores |
| SN | Chemical element. As of 1985, use iridium ores for iridium as a commodity. |
| iridium ores | |
|---|---|
| BT | metal ores |
| .iridium ores | |
| RT | iridium |
| platinum ores | |
| SN | Before 1985, also search iridium AND (deposit OR deposits OR ore OR ores OR economic) in the basic index. Commodity. See List C. |
| Irion County Texas | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Texas | |
| ..Irion County Texas | |
| IRIS network | |
|---|---|
| UF | Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology network |
| RT | seismology |
| data processing | |
| PASSCAL | |
| seismic networks | |
| programs | |
| SN | Acronym. Before 1993, also search IRIS AND seismology or geophysical methods. Consortium founded in 1984, collects and disseminates seismic data from around the world. Three major programs are supported by the consortium, IRIS: GSN (Global Seismic Network |
| Irish Sea | |
|---|---|
| BT | Atlantic Ocean |
| .North Atlantic | |
| ..Irish Sea | |
| RT | Cardigan Bay |
| Morecambe Bay | |
| SN | Between England and Ireland. |
| Irkutsk Amphitheater | |
|---|---|
| USE | Irkutsk Basin |
| Irkutsk Basin | |
|---|---|
| BT | Commonwealth of Independent States |
| .Russian Federation | |
| ..Irkutsk Basin | |
| BT | Asia |
| .Irkutsk Basin | |
| UF | Cheremkhovo Basin |
| Cheremkovo coal basin | |
| Irkutsk Amphitheater | |
| RT | coal fields |
| SN | Coal Basin extending 150 miles NW along Trans-Siberian RR from Lake Baikal. This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| Irkutsk Russian Federation | |
|---|---|
| BT | Commonwealth of Independent States |
| .Russian Federation | |
| ..Irkutsk Russian Federation | |
| BT | Asia |
| .Irkutsk Russian Federation | |
| NT | Biryusa River |
| Bodaibo Russian Federation | |
| Chuya Russian Federation | |
| Mama Russian Federation | |
| Slyudyanka Russian Federation | |
| Ulkan Russian Federation | |
| Ust-Kut Russian Federation | |
| RT | Angara-Lena Basin |
| Lena Basin | |
| Baikal Mountains | |
| Baikal region | |
| Lake Baikal | |
| Baikal rift zone | |
| Vitim River | |
| Oka River | |
| Iya River | |
| Patom Plateau | |
| Uda River | |
| SN | Oblast W and N of Lake Baikal. Before 1993, Irkutsk Russian Republic was also used. This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| iron | |
|---|---|
| BT | metals |
| .iron | |
| NT | Fe-55 |
| Fe-57 | |
| Fe-59 | |
| ferric iron | |
| ferrous iron | |
| UF | Fe |
| RT | iron meteorites |
| iron ores | |
| native elements | |
| chalcophile elements | |
| awaruite | |
| ferruginous composition | |
| iron-rich composition | |
| heavy metals | |
| gossan | |
| ferromanganese composition | |
| ferrosilicon | |
| iron minerals | |
| hematite | |
| iron silicates | |
| josephinite | |
| kamacite | |
| siderophile elemen | |
| SN | Chemical element. Use iron ores for iron as a commodity. |
| Iron Age | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Cenozoic | |
| ...Iron Age | |
| RT | Holocene |
| archaeology | |
| Quaternary | |
| SN | Archaeological classification. Added to Thesaurus in 1985. |
| iron alum | |
|---|---|
| USE | halotrichite |
| Iron County Michigan | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Michigan | |
| ..Michigan Upper Peninsula | |
| ...Iron County Michigan | |
| RT | Perch Lake |
| SN | SW Michigan Upper Peninsula. NW Michigan. |
| Iron County Missouri | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Missouri | |
| ..Iron County Missouri | |
| SN | SE central Missouri. |
| Iron County Utah | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Utah | |
| ..Iron County Utah | |
| RT | Black Mountains |
| Wah Wah Mountains | |
| Broken Ridge | |
| SN | SW Utah. |
| Iron County Wisconsin | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Wisconsin | |
| ..Iron County Wisconsin | |
| SN | N Wisconsin. |
| iron hydroxide | |
|---|---|
| USE | iron hydroxides |
| iron hydroxides | |
|---|---|
| BT | oxides |
| .hydroxides | |
| ..iron hydroxides | |
| UF | iron hydroxide |
| RT | akaganeite |
| citrate-bicarbonate-dithionite method | |
| ferrihydrite | |
| goethite | |
| lepidocrocite | |
| SN | As of 1998, used for the group only where specific minerals are numerous or unavailable. |
| iron minerals | |
|---|---|
| RT | franklinite |
| goethite | |
| hematite | |
| ilmenite | |
| iron | |
| iron ores | |
| iron oxides | |
| iron silicates | |
| iron sulfides | |
| jacobsite | |
| limonite | |
| magnetite | |
| marcasite | |
| minerals | |
| pyrite | |
| pyrrhotite | |
| siderite | |
| Iron Ore Group | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Precambrian | |
| ..Archean | |
| ...Iron Ore Group | |
| RT | India |
| SN | E India. Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| Iron Quadrangle, Brazil | |
|---|---|
| USE | Quadrilatero Ferrifero |
| iron silicates | |
|---|---|
| BT | silicates |
| .iron silicates | |
| RT | iron |
| iron minerals | |
| SN | As of 1998, used for the group only where specific minerals are numerous or unavailable. |
| iron spinel | |
|---|---|
| USE | hercynite |
| iron sulfides | |
|---|---|
| BT | sulfides |
| .iron sulfides | |
| RT | gossan |
| iron minerals | |
| tochilinite | |
| iron-formations | |
|---|---|
| USE | iron formations |
| iron-rich composition | |
|---|---|
| RT | banded iron formations |
| chemically precipitated rocks | |
| composition | |
| ferruginous composition | |
| geochemistry | |
| iron | |
| iron formations | |
| lithogeochemistry | |
| sedimentary rocks | |
| sediments | |
| SN | For sedimentary rocks, use ferruginous composition. Before 1978, search iron-rich rocks; iron-rich sediments. |
| iron-rich rocks | |
|---|---|
| SN | A valid term through mid-1978. Use iron-rich composition or iron formations. |
| iron-rich sediments | |
|---|---|
| SN | A valid term through mid-1978. Use ferruginous composition under sediments. |
| iron-stony meteorite | |
|---|---|
| USE | stony irons |
| ironstone | |
|---|---|
| BT | sedimentary rocks |
| .chemically precipitated rocks | |
| ..ironstone | |
| Iroquois County Illinois | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Illinois | |
| ..Iroquois County Illinois | |
| SN | E Illinois. |
| Irpinia earthquake 1980 | |
|---|---|
| BT | earthquakes |
| .Irpinia earthquake 1980 | |
| UF | Campania-Basilicata earthquake 1980 |
| Campania-Lucania earthquake 1980 | |
| southern Italy earthquake 1980 | |
| RT | Italy |
| Basilicata Italy | |
| Lucania | |
| Campania Italy | |
| SN | Before 1985, also search (Irpinia OR Lucania OR Campania OR southern Italy) AND earthquakes AND 1980. Before 1993, also search Irpinia-Basilicata earthquake 1980. Added to Thesaurus in 1993. |
| irradiation | |
|---|---|
| RT | techniques |
| thermoluminescence | |
| X-ray analysis | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1981. |
| irrigation | |
|---|---|
| RT | ponds |
| reinjection wells | |
| salinization | |
| soil treatment | |
| soils | |
| surface water | |
| underground channels | |
| water | |
| water quality | |
| water regimes | |
| water supply | |
| waterways | |
| irrotational wave | |
|---|---|
| USE | P-waves |
| irruption (intrusion) | |
|---|---|
| USE | intrusions |
| Irtish River | |
|---|---|
| USE | Irtysh River |
| Irtysh River | |
|---|---|
| BT | Asia |
| .Irtysh River | |
| UF | Ertix River |
| Irtish River | |
| RT | Russian Federation |
| Kazakhstan | |
| Xinjiang China | |
| Ishim River | |
| Ob River | |
| Ob-Irtysh Interfluve | |
| SN | Largest tributary of the Ob River. Also search Irtysh. Indexed with Xinjiang China and former Soviet republics as applicable. |
| Irvingtonian | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Cenozoic | |
| ...Quarternary | |
| ....Pleistocene | |
| .....Irvingtonian | |
| SN | North American continental stage. Above Blancan and below Rancholabrean. Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| Irwin County Georgia | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Georgia | |
| ..Irwin County Georgia | |
| Isabella County Michigan | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Michigan | |
| ..Michigan Lower Peninsula | |
| ...Isabella County Michigan | |
| Isachsen Formation | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Mesozoic | |
| ...Cretaceous | |
| ....Lower Cretaceous | |
| .....Isachsen Formation | |
| RT | Northwest Territories |
| SN | Conformably overlies Deer Bay Formation on Axel Heiberg and Ellef Ringnes islands. On Isachsen Peninsula of Ellef Ringnes Island in Franklin District. |
| Isanti County Minnesota | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Minnesota | |
| ..Isanti County Minnesota | |
| Isar Valley | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Isar Valley | |
| RT | Bavaria Germany |
| Tyrol Austria | |
| SN | River valley. Also search Isar River. Indexed with Austrian and German states as applicable. |
| Ischia | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Southern Europe | |
| ..Italy | |
| ...Campania Italy | |
| ....Naples Italy | |
| .....Ischia | |
| SN | Island in Tyrrhenian Sea outside Bay of Naples. As of 1993, use Ischia Italy for the town on the island. |
| Ise Bay | |
|---|---|
| BT | nshu |
| .Ise Bay | |
| RT | Aichi Japan |
| Mie Japan | |
| SN | Inlet of Pacific Ocean on S coast of Honshu. Indexed with prefecture as applicable. |
| Isera Mountains | |
|---|---|
| USE | Izera Mountains |
| Isere France | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Western Europe | |
| ..France | |
| ...Isere France | |
| NT | Grenoble France |
| Gresivaudan | |
| RT | Vercors |
| Pelvoux Massif | |
| SN | Department in SE France. |
| Isere Valley | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Western Europe | |
| ..France | |
| ...Isere Valley | |
| RT | Tarentaise |
| SN | River valley in SE France. Also search Isere River. |
| Isergebirge | |
|---|---|
| USE | Izera Mountains |
| Ishbel Group | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Paleozoic | |
| ...Ishbel Group | |
| RT | Carboniferous |
| Permian | |
| Alberta | |
| British Columbia | |
| Ranger Canyon Formation | |
| SN | Includes Ranger Canyon and Mowitch formations. Carboniferous to Permian. SW Alberta and SE British Columbia. Indexed with ages as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| Ishikari Bay | |
|---|---|
| BT | kkaido |
| .Ishikari Bay | |
| RT | Ishikari Plain |
| SN | Inlet of Sea of Japan on W Hokkaido. Also search Ishikari. |
| Ishikari Plain | |
|---|---|
| BT | kkaido |
| .Ishikari Plain | |
| RT | Ishikari Bay |
| SN | SE of Ishikari Bay in SW Hokkaido. Also search Ishikari. |
| Ishikawa Japan | |
|---|---|
| BT | Asia |
| .Far East | |
| ..Japan | |
| ...Ishikawa Japan | |
| NT | Kanazawa Japan |
| Nanao Japan | |
| RT | Fukushima Japan |
| Chubu Japan | |
| Honshu | |
| Tokyo Japan | |
| Hakusan | |
| Noto Peninsula | |
| Okinawa | |
| SN | Prefecture on the Sea of Japan N of Nagoya in central Honshu. Also cities in other locations. Search in combination with island. Indexed with Honshu or prefecture or Okinawa as applicable. |
| Ishim River | |
|---|---|
| BT | Asia |
| .Ishim River | |
| BT | Commonwealth of Independent States |
| .Ishim River | |
| RT | Russian Federation |
| Kazakhstan | |
| Central Asia | |
| Irtysh River | |
| SN | Flows from N Kazakhstan into the Irtysh River NW of Omsk, Russian Federation. Also search Ishim. This term has multiple hierarchies. Indexed with Kazakhstan and/or Russian Federation as applicable. |
| Ishtar | |
|---|---|
| USE | Ishtar Terra |
| Ishtar Terra | |
|---|---|
| BT | Venus |
| .Ishtar Terra | |
| NT | Fortuna Tessera |
| Lakshmi Planum | |
| UF | Ishtar |
| RT | Pioneer Program |
| Maxwell Montes | |
| SN | Physiographic province containing Maxwell Montes on Venus. Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| Isidis Basin | |
|---|---|
| USE | Isidis Planitia |
| Isidis Planitia | |
|---|---|
| BT | Mars |
| .Isidis Planitia | |
| UF | Isidis Basin |
| Iskar River | |
|---|---|
| USE | Isker River |
| Isker River | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Southern Europe | |
| ..Bulgaria | |
| ...Isker River | |
| UF | Iskar River |
| Iskur River | |
| SN | NW central Bulgaria. Also search Isker. |
| Iskur River | |
|---|---|
| USE | Isker River |
| island arcs | |
|---|---|
| UF | arcs, island |
| island-arc areas | |
| volcanic arcs | |
| RT | plate tectonics |
| continental margin | |
| arcuate structures | |
| tectonophysics | |
| islands | |
| back-arc basins | |
| fore-arc basins | |
| trenches | |
| continents | |
| Island County Washington | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Washington | |
| ..Island County Washington | |
| island shelf | |
|---|---|
| USE | insular shelf |
| island-arc areas | |
|---|---|
| USE | island arcs |
| islands | |
|---|---|
| RT | atolls |
| barrier islands | |
| continents | |
| insular shelf | |
| island arcs | |
| Islas Malvinas | |
|---|---|
| USE | Falkland Islands |
| Islay | |
|---|---|
| BT | brides |
| .Inner Hebrides | |
| ..Islay | |
| BT | Europe |
| .Western Europe | |
| ..United Kingdom | |
| ...Great Britain | |
| ....Scotland | |
| .....Argyllshire Scotland | |
| ......Islay | |
| BT | Europe |
| .Western Europe | |
| ..United Kingdom | |
| ...Great Britain | |
| ....Scotland | |
| .....Strathclyde region Scotland | |
| ......Islay | |
| SN | Southernmost island of Inner Hebrides off W coast of Scotland. This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| Isle of Man | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Western Europe | |
| ..United Kingdom | |
| ...Isle of Man | |
| SN | Island in Irish Sea. |
| Isle of Pines | |
|---|---|
| BT | Habana Cuba |
| .Isle of Pines | |
| SN | Island in Caribbean S of W Cuba. |
| Isle of Sheppey | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Western Europe | |
| ..United Kingdom | |
| ...Great Britain | |
| ....England | |
| .....Kent England | |
| ......Isle of Sheppey | |
| RT | Thames Estuary |
| Thames River | |
| SN | Island in N Kent, located at the mouth of the Thames River in Thames Estuary, SE England. Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| Isle of Skye | |
|---|---|
| BT | brides |
| .Inner Hebrides | |
| ..Isle of Skye | |
| BT | ghland region Scotland |
| .Inverness-shire Scotland | |
| ..Isle of Skye | |
| UF | Skye |
| SN | Island of Inner Hebrides off NW coast. This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| Isle of Wight County Virginia | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Virginia | |
| ..Isle of Wight County Virginia | |
| Isle of Wight England | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Western Europe | |
| ..United Kingdom | |
| ...Great Britain | |
| ....England | |
| .....Isle of Wight England | |
| RT | Bembridge Marls |
| Hampshire England | |
| SN | Island in English Channel just S of Southampton. In 1974, it became a county separate from Hampshire. |
| Isle Royale National Park | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Michigan | |
| ..Michigan Upper Peninsula | |
| ...Keweenaw County Michigan | |
| ....Isle Royale National Park | |
| RT | national parks |
| SN | In NW Lake Superior. Includes Isle Royale and neighboring islands. |
| Isles Dernieres | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Louisiana | |
| ..Terrebonne Parish Louisiana | |
| ...Isles Dernieres | |
| RT | Atlantic Ocean Islands |
| SN | SE Louisiana. Added to Thesaurus in 1993. |
| Ismay Zone | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Ismay Zone | |
| RT | Utah |
| Colorado | |
| Paradox Basin | |
| SN | Paradox Basin, Utah and Colorado. Indexed with states as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| isobath maps | |
|---|---|
| BT | maps |
| .isobath maps | |
| RT | ocean floors |
| bathymetric maps | |
| bathymetry | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1985. |
| isochores | |
|---|---|
| RT | chemical composition |
| composition | |
| geochemistry | |
| isopach maps | |
| isopleth maps | |
| P-T conditions | |
| pressure | |
| temperature | |
| thickness | |
| volume | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1998. |
| isochrons | |
|---|---|
| RT | absolute age |
| geochronology | |
| relative age | |
| seismology | |
| isoclinal | |
|---|---|
| SN | A valid term through 1977. After 1977, use isoclinal folds. |
| isoclinal folds | |
|---|---|
| BT | folds |
| .isoclinal folds | |
| UF | isoclines |
| RT | deformation |
| SN | Before 1978, also search folds AND isoclinal. |
| isoclines | |
|---|---|
| USE | isoclinal folds |
| isograd maps | |
|---|---|
| BT | maps |
| .isograd maps | |
| RT | isograds |
| SN | Before 1978, search maps AND isograds. |
| isograds | |
|---|---|
| RT | facies |
| grade | |
| isograd maps | |
| maps | |
| metamorphism | |
| Isograptus | |
|---|---|
| BT | Graptolithina |
| .Graptoloidea | |
| ..Didymograptina | |
| ...Isograptus | |
| RT | Invertebrata |
| Hemichordata | |
| SN | Genus. Indexed with Hemichordata or Invertebrata as applicable. |
| isolation | |
|---|---|
| RT | adaptive radiation |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1981. |
| isoleucine | |
|---|---|
| BT | organic compounds |
| .organic acids | |
| ..amino acids | |
| ...isoleucine | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1985. |
| isomerization | |
|---|---|
| RT | geochemistry |
| processes | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| isomorphism | |
|---|---|
| RT | crystal chemistry |
| paleontology | |
| SN | Used as a general term. |
| isopach maps | |
|---|---|
| BT | maps |
| .isopach maps | |
| RT | stratigraphy |
| isochores | |
| isopleth maps | |
| SN | Before 1978, also search maps AND isopach. |
| isopleth maps | |
|---|---|
| BT | maps |
| .isopleth maps | |
| RT | isochores |
| isopach maps | |
| isoprenoids | |
|---|---|
| BT | organic compounds |
| .isoprenoids | |
| NT | triterpenoids |
| UF | terpenes |
| terpenoids | |
| RT | hydrocarbons |
| phytane | |
| SN | Compounds based on the isoprene structure. Classified according to composition and thus may be various types of materials such as hydrocarbons and alcohols. |
| Isoptera | |
|---|---|
| BT | Invertebrata |
| .Arthropoda | |
| ..Mandibulata | |
| ...Insecta | |
| ....Pterygota | |
| .....Neoptera | |
| ......Exopterygota | |
| .......Isoptera | |
| RT | mounds |
| termite mounds | |
| SN | Order. Termites. |
| isoseismic maps | |
|---|---|
| BT | maps |
| .isoseismic maps | |
| RT | seismology |
| earthquakes | |
| isostacy | |
|---|---|
| USE | isostasy |
| isostasy | |
|---|---|
| UF | isostacy |
| RT | mantle |
| glacial geology | |
| geophysical methods | |
| geophysical surveys | |
| geomorphology | |
| geodesy | |
| Earth | |
| asthenosphere | |
| crust | |
| Mohorovicic discontinuity | |
| density | |
| exhumation | |
| continents | |
| epeirogeny | |
| geomorphologic effects | |
| eustacy | |
| isostatic rebound | |
| isostatic compensation | |
| neote | |
| SN | To be used for the condition of equilibrium of the crust above the mantle, and related features. |
| isostatic compensation | |
|---|---|
| RT | crust |
| isostasy | |
| isostatic rebound | |
| SN | Before 1993, also search isostasy AND compensation. Added to Thesaurus in 1993. |
| isostatic rebound | |
|---|---|
| NT | glacial rebound |
| RT | glacial geology |
| isostasy | |
| isostatic compensation | |
| neotectonics | |
| tectonics | |
| uplifts | |
| SN | Before 1993, also search rebound and isostasy. Added to Thesaurus in 1993. |
| isothermal magnetization | |
|---|---|
| BT | magnetization |
| .isothermal magnetization | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1981. |
| isothermal remanent magnetization | |
|---|---|
| BT | magnetization |
| .remanent magnetization | |
| ..isothermal remanent magnetization | |
| isotherms | |
|---|---|
| RT | geochemistry |
| P-T conditions | |
| temperature | |
| thermodynamic properties | |
| SN | Curves indicating relationships between two variables at constant temperature. Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| isotope fractionation | |
|---|---|
| RT | chemical fractionation |
| geochemistry | |
| isotopes | |
| SN | Before 1998, also search fractionation. |
| isotope ratios | |
|---|---|
| RT | Al-27/Al-26 |
| Ar-38/Ar-36 | |
| Ar-40/Ar-36 | |
| Ar-40/Ar-39 | |
| Ar/Ar | |
| B-11/B-10 | |
| Be-10/Be-9 | |
| C-13/C-12 | |
| C-14/C-12 | |
| Cl-37/Cl-35 | |
| Cr-53/Cr-52 | |
| D/H | |
| He-4/He-3 | |
| He/He | |
| Hf-177/Hf-176 | |
| I/Xe | |
| Io/Th | |
| Io/U | |
| isotopes | |
| K/Ar | |
| Kr/Kr | |
| Lu/Hf | |
| Mg-25/Mg-24 | |
| Mg-26/Mg-24 | |
| N-15/N-14 | |
| Nd-144/Nd-143 | |
| Nd/Nd | |
| Ne-22/ | |
| SN | A valid term through 1972. From 1972-1992, also search ratios AND isotopes. Also see isotopes, absolute age and name of chemical element. Added to Thesaurus in 1993. |
| isotopes | |
|---|---|
| NT | radioactive isotopes |
| stable isotopes | |
| RT | absolute age |
| activation analysis | |
| analysis | |
| argon | |
| background level | |
| carbon | |
| chemical analysis | |
| chemical elements | |
| cosmogenic elements | |
| fallout | |
| geochemistry | |
| ground water | |
| helium | |
| hydrogen | |
| I/Xe | |
| inclusions | |
| isotope fractionation | |
| isotope ratios | |
| K/Rb | |
| Kr/Kr | |
| krypton | |
| lead | |
| SN | Used for the application of the study of radioactive and stable isotopes to geology, excluding absolute age dating. Also search isotopic. Indexed with with specific isotope and material where available. |
| isotropic materials | |
|---|---|
| RT | materials |
| SN | Before 1978, search isotropic. |
| isotropy | |
|---|---|
| RT | optical properties |
| transverse isotropy | |
| SN | Use with minerals and crystals. Added to Thesaurus in 1981. |
| Issaquena County Mississippi | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Mississippi | |
| ..Issaquena County Mississippi | |
| Issyk-kul Lake | |
|---|---|
| BT | Asia |
| .Kyrgyzstan | |
| ..Issyk-kul Lake | |
| SN | NE Kyrgyzstan. Before 1978, also search Issyk-Kul. This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| Istanbul Turkey | |
|---|---|
| BT | Asia |
| .Middle East | |
| ..Turkey | |
| ...Istanbul Turkey | |
| RT | Bosporus |
| SN | Province and city on both sides of Bosporus in NW Turkey. Also index Europe if applicable. |
| Istranca Mountains | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Istranca Mountains | |
| UF | Strandzha Mountains |
| RT | Turkey |
| Bulgaria | |
| SN | Range along Black Sea coast in SE Bulgaria, and Turkey in Europe. Indexed with countries as applicable. |
| Istria | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Southern Europe | |
| ..Istria | |
| RT | Croatia |
| Slovenia | |
| Yugoslavia | |
| Limski Channel | |
| SN | Peninsula in W Slovenia and Croatia jutting into Adriatic Sea. Indexed with countries and regions as applicable. |
| Isua Belt | |
|---|---|
| BT | Arctic region |
| .Greenland | |
| ..West Greenland | |
| ...Isua Belt | |
| SN | SW Greenland. Also search Isua. Added to Thesaurus in 1985. |
| Itabira Brazil | |
|---|---|
| BT | South America |
| .Brazil | |
| ..Minas Gerais Brazil | |
| ...Itabira Brazil | |
| SN | City in E central Minas Gerais. Before 1978, also search Presidente Vargas. |
| itabirite | |
|---|---|
| BT | metamorphic rocks |
| .itabirite | |
| RT | banded iron formations |
| iron formations | |
| chemically precipitated rocks | |
| Itaborai Brazil | |
|---|---|
| BT | South America |
| .Brazil | |
| ..Rio de Janeiro Brazil | |
| ...Itaborai Brazil | |
| SN | City in S central Rio de Janeiro, SE Brazil. |
| Itaka Russian Federation | |
|---|---|
| BT | Commonwealth of Independent States |
| .Russian Federation | |
| ..Chita Russian Federation | |
| ...Itaka Russian Federation | |
| SN | Town in central Chita Oblast in Transbaikalia. Before 1993, Itaka Russian Republic was also used. This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| Italian Alps | |
|---|---|
| SN | Not a valid term for GeoRef. Index specific ranges. See Dolomites, Piedmont Alps, Piedmont Alps if Eastern Alps, or Western Alps. |
| Italian Somaliland | |
|---|---|
| SN | Not a valid term for GeoRef. See Somali Republic. |
| Itarare Subgroup | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Paleozoic | |
| ...Itarare Subgroup | |
| RT | Carboniferous |
| Permian | |
| Lower Permian | |
| Brazil | |
| Sao Paulo Brazil | |
| Parana Basin | |
| Upper Carboniferous | |
| Rio Grande do Sul Brazil | |
| SN | S Brazil. Added to Thesaurus in 1985. |
| Itasca County Minnesota | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Minnesota | |
| ..Itasca County Minnesota | |
| NT | Keewatin Minnesota |
| RT | Mesabi Range |
| SN | N Minnesota. |
| Itawamba County Mississippi | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Mississippi | |
| ..Itawamba County Mississippi | |
| iterative |
|---|
| iterative methods | |
|---|---|
| RT | mathematical geology |
| mathematical methods | |
| mathematical models | |
| statistical analysis | |
| SN | Also search iteration; iterative. Added to Thesaurus in 1981. |
| Ithaca | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Southern Europe | |
| ..Greece | |
| ...Greek Ionian Islands | |
| ....Ithaca | |
| UF | Ithaki |
| RT | Ithaca New York |
| SN | One of Greek Ionian Islands. Search in conjunction with Greece. Before 1989, was also used for the city in New York. As of 1989, use Ithaca New York for the city in New York. This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| Ithaca New York | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .New York | |
| ..Tompkins County New York | |
| ...Ithaca New York | |
| RT | Ithaca |
| SN | City in W central New York. |
| Ithaki | |
|---|---|
| USE | Ithaca |
| iti | |
|---|---|
| NT | Beloc Haiti |
| Ito Japan | |
|---|---|
| BT | nshu |
| .Shizuoka Japan | |
| ..Ito Japan | |
| RT | Izu Peninsula |
| SN | City on E Izu Peninsula on Sagami Sea in central Honshu. |
| Itoigawa-Shizuoka tectonic line | |
|---|---|
| BT | nshu |
| .Itoigawa-Shizuoka tectonic line | |
| UF | Shizuoka-Itoigawa tectonic line |
| RT | Shizuoka Japan |
| SN | Central Honshu. Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| Iturup Island | |
|---|---|
| BT | Commonwealth of Independent States |
| .Russian Federation | |
| ..Russian Pacific region | |
| ...Kuril Islands | |
| ....Iturup Island | |
| SN | Largest of the Kuril Islands, SW of Kamchatka. Also search Iturup. This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| IUGS | |
|---|---|
| UF | International Union of Geological Sciences |
| RT | associations |
| IGCP | |
| International Lithosphere Program | |
| SN | Acronym. |
| Ivano-Frankovsk Ukraine | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Ukraine | |
| ..Ivano-Frankovsk Ukraine | |
| UF | Stanislav Ukraine |
| Stanislawow Ukraine | |
| RT | Kosov Ukraine |
| SN | City and oblast in W Ukraine. Formerly part of Poland. Before 1978, also search Stanislawow. This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| Ivigtut Greenland | |
|---|---|
| BT | Arctic region |
| .Greenland | |
| ..Ivigtut Greenland | |
| SN | Settlement on SW coast of Greenland. |
| Ivishak Formation | |
|---|---|
| RT | Alaska |
| Lower Triassic | |
| North Slope | |
| Permian | |
| Permian-Triassic boundary | |
| Prudhoe Bay Field | |
| Sadlerochit Group | |
| SN | In Sadlerochit Group. Permian to Lower Triassic. N Alaska. Indexed with ages as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| Iviza | |
|---|---|
| USE | Ibiza |
| Ivory Coast | |
|---|---|
| BT | Africa |
| .West Africa | |
| ..Ivory Coast | |
| NT | Bandama River |
| Toumodi Ivory Coast | |
| RT | Volta Basin |
| Nimba Mountains | |
| Trou Sans Fond | |
| Ivrea Italy | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Southern Europe | |
| ..Italy | |
| ...Piemonte Italy | |
| ....Ivrea Italy | |
| SN | City NE of Turin in central Piemonte, NW Italy. |
| Ivrea Zone | |
|---|---|
| USE | Ivrea-Verbano Zone |
| Ivrea-Verbano Zone | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Southern Europe | |
| ..Italy | |
| ...Ivrea-Verbano Zone | |
| UF | Ivrea Zone |
| RT | Piemonte Italy |
| SN | Central and NW Italy. |
| Iwaki | |
|---|---|
| BT | nshu |
| .Aomori Japan | |
| ..Iwaki | |
| RT | volcanoes |
| SN | Mountain peak in Aomori Prefecture in N Honshu. Before 1993, also used for river and city. Now use Iwaki River or Iwaki Japan, respectively. |
| Iwate | |
|---|---|
| BT | nshu |
| .Iwate | |
| RT | volcanoes |
| Nohi Rhyolite | |
| SN | Dormant volcano. Before 1993, also included use for Iwate Prefecture. |
| Iwate Japan | |
|---|---|
| BT | nshu |
| .Iwate Japan | |
| NT | Kamaishi Mine |
| Kitakami Mountains | |
| Mizusawa Japan | |
| Omine Mine | |
| Onikobe Field | |
| Shizukuishi Japan | |
| RT | Koma-ga-take |
| Tohoku | |
| Tono Japan | |
| Nohi Rhyolite | |
| SN | Prefecture in NW Honshu. |
| Iwo-Jima | |
|---|---|
| BT | West Pacific Ocean Islands |
| .Iwo-Jima | |
| RT | Pacific Ocean |
| Izu-Bonin Arc | |
| SN | Center island of Volcano Islands group located 660 nautical miles S of Tokyo. Returned to Japan in 1968. |
| ixiolite | |
|---|---|
| BT | oxides |
| .niobates | |
| ..niobotantalates | |
| ...ixiolite | |
| SN | This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| Iya River | |
|---|---|
| BT | Commonwealth of Independent States |
| .Russian Federation | |
| ..Iya River | |
| BT | Asia |
| .Iya River | |
| RT | Irkutsk Russian Federation |
| SN | SW Irkutsk Oblast. Also search Iya. This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| Izalco | |
|---|---|
| BT | Central America |
| .El Salvador | |
| ..Izalco | |
| UF | Izalco Volcano |
| RT | volcanoes |
| SN | Volcano in SW El Salvador. As of 1993, use Izalco El Salvador for the town. Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| Izalco El Salvador | |
|---|---|
| BT | Central America |
| .El Salvador | |
| ..Izalco El Salvador | |
| SN | Town in El Salvador, use Izalco for the volcano. |
| Izalco Volcano | |
|---|---|
| USE | Izalco |
| Izard County Arkansas | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Arkansas | |
| ..Izard County Arkansas | |
| ization#chemical composition#chronosequences#citra |
|---|
| Izera Mountains | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Central Europe | |
| ..Sudeten Mountains | |
| ...Izera Mountains | |
| UF | Isera Mountains |
| Isergebirge | |
| Jizerske Hory | |
| RT | Poland |
| Czech Republic | |
| Bohemia | |
| Czech Sudeten Mountains | |
| Lower Silesia | |
| Polish Sudeten Mountains | |
| SN | Range of the Sudeten Mountains in N Bohemia and Lower Silesia. Indexed with countries, provinces, and mountains as applicable. |
| Izu Islands | |
|---|---|
| USE | Izu-shichito |
| Izu Oshima | |
|---|---|
| USE | Izu-Oshima |
| Izu Peninsula | |
|---|---|
| BT | nshu |
| .Izu Peninsula | |
| RT | Tokai Japan |
| Shizuoka Japan | |
| Suruga Bay | |
| Kanagawa Japan | |
| Ito Japan | |
| Sagami Bay | |
| SN | Extends into Pacific Ocean between Suruga Bay and Sagami Bay in S central Honshu. Also search Izu. |
| Izu-Bonin Arc | |
|---|---|
| BT | Pacific Ocean |
| .North Pacific | |
| ..Northwest Pacific | |
| ...Izu-Bonin Arc | |
| UF | Izu-Ogasawara Arc |
| RT | Bonin Islands |
| Leg 125 | |
| Philippine Sea | |
| Shikoku Basin | |
| Mariana Islands | |
| Izu-shichito | |
| Iwo-Jima | |
| Leg 126 | |
| ODP Site 783 | |
| ODP Site 784 | |
| ODP Site 786 | |
| Sumisu Rift | |
| SN | Island arc bordered by Izu-Bonin Trench and Shikoku Basin in the NW Pacific southeast of Japan. This term has multiple hierarchies. Added to Thesaurus in 1993. |
| Izu-Ogasawara Arc | |
|---|---|
| USE | Izu-Bonin Arc |
| Izu-Oshima | |
|---|---|
| BT | nshu |
| .Izu-shichito | |
| ..Izu-Oshima | |
| NT | Mount Mihara |
| UF | Izu Oshima |
| Vries Island | |
| RT | Oshima |
| O-shima | |
| SN | Largest island in Izu-shichito group off Izu Peninsula of Honshu. Location of Mount Mihara volcanic cone. Before 1993, also search (O-shima or Oshima) in combination with Honshu. Added to Thesaurus in 1993. |
| Izu-Oshima earthquake 1978 | |
|---|---|
| BT | earthquakes |
| .Izu-Oshima earthquake 1978 | |
| RT | Honshu |
| Japan | |
| O-shima | |
| Pacific Ocean | |
| Izu-shichito | |
| SN | Epicenter near the Izu-shichito, Honshu, Japan. Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| Izu-shichito | |
|---|---|
| BT | nshu |
| .Izu-shichito | |
| NT | Hachijo-jima |
| Izu-Oshima | |
| Miyake-Jima | |
| UF | Izu Islands |
| RT | O-shima |
| Izu-Bonin Arc | |
| Izu-Oshima earthquake 1978 | |
| SN | Group of volcanic islands in Pacific Ocean off Izu Peninsula. |
| Izumi |
|---|
| Izumi Group | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Mesozoic | |
| ...Cretaceous | |
| ....Upper Cretaceous | |
| .....Senonian | |
| ......Izumi Group | |
| RT | Honshu |
| Japan | |
| Shikoku | |
| SN | Kii Peninsula in S central Honshu, and Shikoku. |
| Izumi Japan | |
|---|---|
| BT | nshu |
| .Osaka Japan | |
| ..Izumi Japan | |
| SN | City in Osaka Prefecture. |