Re  search
USErhenium
RTsedimentation
Re/Os  search
UFOs/Re
RTabsolute age
 isotope ratios
 osmium
 rhenium
SNIsotopic ratio used in age determination. Added to Thesaurus in 1989.
reabsorption  search
USEresorption
reaction rims  search
UFkelyphytic rims
RTminerals
 magmas
 phase equilibria
 crystallography
 mineralogy
 crystal chemistry
 fractional crystallization
 chemical reactions
 crystal growth
 crystal zoning
 crystals
 crystallization
 magmatic differentiation
 petrography
SNBefore 1993, also search coronas and petrology. Added to Thesaurus in 1982.
reactions  search
SNAs of 1993, no longer a valid term for GeoRef. See chemical reactions.
reactivation  search
RTdisplacements
 faults
 neotectonics
reactivity  search
RTactivity
 analysis
 behavior
 chemical reactions
 pH
 properties
 rates
 geochemistry
 sensitivity analysis
SNChemical property.
Read Bay Formation  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Phanerozoic
 ..Paleozoic
 ...Read Bay Formation
RTSilurian
 Lower Devonian
 Canada
 Franklin District Northwest Territories
 Northwest Territories
 Cornwallis Island
SNMiddle Silurian to Lower Devonian. Cornwallis Island in Franklin District. Indexed with ages as applicable.
Reading Pennsylvania  search
BTUnited States
 .Pennsylvania
 ..Berks County Pennsylvania
 ...Reading Pennsylvania
SNCity in SE central Pennsylvania.
Reading Prong  search
BTUnited States
 .Reading Prong
RTAppalachians
 Pennsylvania
 New York
 New Jersey
 Central Appalachians
SNPrecambrian metamorphic terrane, Central Appalachians. Indexed with states as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1985.
readsorption  search
USEresorption
Reagan County Texas  search
BTUnited States
 .Texas
 ..Reagan County Texas
Reagan Sandstone  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Phanerozoic
 ..Paleozoic
 ...Cambrian
 ....Upper Cambrian
 .....Reagan Sandstone
RTOklahoma
 Timbered Hills Group
SNIn Timbered Hills Group. Central S Oklahoma.
reagents  search
RTbuffers
 geochemistry
 solutions
 solvents
SNIn general, use this term, and not names of specific reagents, when chemical reagents are discussed.
Real County Texas  search
BTUnited States
 .Texas
 ..Real County Texas
realgar  search
BTsulfides
 .realgar
UFred arsenic
 red orpiment
 sandarac
Reasi  search
USERiasi
rebound  search
SNAs of 1993, see isostatic rebound, glacial rebound, uplifts or elastic properties if applicable.
Recent  search
USEHolocene
recent deformation  search
SNUsed in subfiles G and N. See deformation; neotectonics.
Receptaculitaceae  search
BTPlantae
 .algae
 ..Chlorophyta
 ...Chlorophyceae
 ....Receptaculitaceae
RTmicrofossils
 Coelenterata
 Foraminifera
 Echinodermata
 problematic fossils
 Porifera
SNIndexed with microfossils if applicable.
recharge  search
UFground-water increment
 ground-water recharge
 ground-water replenishment
 increment
RTground water
 aquifers
 artificial recharge
 natural recharge
 hydrologic cycle
 deep aquifers
 discharge
 MODFLOW
 water balance
 infiltration
Rechitsa Belarus  search
BTEurope
 .Belarus
 ..Rechitsa Belarus
SNCity in Gomel Oblast in S Belarus. This term has multiple hierarchies.
Recife-Joao Pessoa  search
BTSouth America
 .Brazil
 ..Recife-Joao Pessoa
RTPernambuco Brazil
 Paraiba Brazil
SNTwo city region in neighboring states in NE Brazil. Recife is in Pernambuco and Joao Pessoa is in Paraiba.
Recita Romania  search
USEResita Romania
reclamation  search
NTbioreclamation
UFland reclamation
RTabandoned mines
 abandoned oil wells
 environmental geology
 conservation
 environmental analysis
 artificial islands
 basin management
 biodegradation
 bioremediation
 decontamination
 disposal barriers
 deforestation
 depletion
 constructed wetlands
 impact statement
SNUsed for geological studies on the reclamation of the natural environment.
reclined  search
SNA valid term through 1976. After 1976, use recumbent folds.
reclined folds  search
USErecumbent folds
Reconcavo Basin  search
BTSouth America
 .Brazil
 ..Bahia Brazil
 ...Reconcavo Basin
SNFertile coastal lowland surrounding Todos os Santos Bay W of Salvador. Also search Reconcavo.
reconstruction  search
RTbalanced cross sections
 continental drift
 decompaction
 paleogeography
recording  search
SNA valid general term through 1976.
recovery  search
RTenhanced recovery
 mining
 mining geology
 reclamation
 retorting
 secondary recovery
 tertiary recovery
 thermal recovery
 water recovery
 well stimulation
SNGeneral term. Use secondary or tertiary recovery for petroleum if applicable.
recreation  search
RTland use
 soils
recrystallization  search
RTauthigenesis
 crystallization
 deformation
 grains
 lithification
 metamorphism
 phyllonitization
rectorite  search
BTsilicates
 .sheet silicates
 ..clay minerals
 ...rectorite
UFallevardite
recumbent  search
SNA valid term through 1977. After 1977, use recumbent folds.
recumbent folds  search
BTfolds
 .recumbent folds
UFreclined folds
RTnappes
 orientation
SNBefore 1978, search folds AND (recumbent OR reclined).
recurrence interval  search
RTfloods
 frequency
 geologic hazards
 periodicity
 risk assessment
SNAlso search frequency and floods. Added to Thesaurus in 1998.
recursive filte  search
recursive filters  search
RTfilters
 Kalman filters
SNAdded to Thesaurus in 1981.
recycling  search
RTeconomic geology
 economics
 environmental geology
 reclamation
SNAdded to Thesaurus in 1981.
red algae  search
USERhodophyta
red arsenic  search
USErealgar
red beds  search
BTsedimentary rocks
 .clastic rocks
 ..red beds
UFred rock
 redbeds
RTsandstone
 terrigenous materials
 ferruginous composition
Red Deer River  search
BTCanada
 .Western Canada
 ..Alberta
 ...Red Deer River
RTRed Deer River valley
SNRises in Banff National Park and flows into South Saskatchewan River near the Saskatchewan border.
Red Deer River valley  search
BTCanada
 .Western Canada
 ..Alberta
 ...Red Deer River valley
UFRed Deer Valley
RTRed Deer River
SNS Alberta. Added to Thesaurus in 1989.
Red Deer Valley  search
USERed Deer River valley
Red Des  search
Red Desert  search
RTGreat Divide Basin
 Sweetwater County Wyoming
 U. S. Rocky Mountains
SNSW Wyoming. Indexed with counties or regions as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1985.
Red Eagle Limestone  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Phanerozoic
 ..Paleozoic
 ...Permian
 ....Red Eagle Limestone
RTMissouri
 Oklahoma
 Nebraska
 Kansas
 Council Grove Group
SNIn Council Grove Group. Includes Glenrock Limestone Member, Bennett Shale Member, Howe Limestone Member.
Red Fork Sandstone  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Phanerozoic
 ..Paleozoic
 ...Carboniferous
 ....Pennsylvanian
 .....Red Fork Sandstone
RTOklahoma
SNSaid to lie higher than Glenn Sand, lower than Skinner Sand. NE Oklahoma.
Red Hill  search
RTHaleakala
 Hawaii
 Maui
 California
 New Mexico
 Scotland
 Utah
 Western Australia
 Wyoming
SNMountain in Haleakala National Park on Maui Island. Also hills or mountains in SW Utah, Scotland, and other locations. As of 1993, use Red Hill Mine for the turquoise mine in the White Signal District of New Mexico and also for the mines in California and
Red Lake  search
RTBeltrami County Minnesota
 Ontario
SNIn Beltrami County, N Minnesota. Includes both Upper Red Lake and Lower Red Lake. Also in Ontario and other locations. Indexed with county or region as applicable.
Red Lake County Minnesota  search
BTUnited States
 .Minnesota
 ..Red Lake County Minnesota
Red Mountain  search
RTAlabama
 alunite
 Jefferson County Alabama
 Colorado
 sulfur deposits
SNRidge primarily in Jefferson County, N central Alabama. Also large alunite deposit near Lake City, Colorado. Also in other locations. Indexed with county or region and mountains as applicable.
Red Mountain Formation  search
RTAlabama
 Georgia
 Queensland Australia
 Silurian
 Tertiary
SNOverlies Chickamauga Group; underlies Frog Mountain Sandstone. N Alabama, and NW Georgia. Also occurs as a Tertiary formation in Queensland Australia. May also occur in other locations. Indexed with age or ages as applicable.
red orpiment  search
USErealgar
Red Peak Formation  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Phanerozoic
 ..Mesozoic
 ...Triassic
 ....Red Peak Formation
RTWyoming
 Chugwater Formation
SNIn Chugwater Formation. NW Wyoming.
Red River  search
RTArkansas
 Louisiana
 Manitoba
 Minnesota
 North America
 North Dakota
 Oklahoma
 New Mexico
 Red River valley
 South Dakota
 Texas
SNA southern tributary of the Mississippi River, rising in E New Mexico. Also a river rising in Manitoba and flowing into the Minnesota River. Also several other North American rivers. Search in combination with appropriate area term. Indexed with North Ame
Red River County Texas  search
BTUnited States
 .Texas
 ..Red River County Texas
Red River Fault  search
UFHonghe Fault
RTVietnam
 South China Sea
 Yunnan China
SNZone extends from Yunnan in SW China across Vietnam to the South China Sea. Indexed with Yunnan China and/or Vietnam and/or South China Sea as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1989.
Red River Formation  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Phanerozoic
 ..Paleozoic
 ...Ordovician
 ....Upper Ordovician
 .....Red River Formation
RTWyoming
 Montana
 North Dakota
 Manitoba
 South Dakota
 Bighorn Dolomite
SNIn Bighorn Group.
Red River Parish Louisiana  search
BTUnited States
 .Louisiana
 ..Red River Parish Louisiana
Red River valley  search
RTArkansas
 Louisiana
 Manitoba
 Minnesota
 North Dakota
 Oklahoma
 Red River
 New Mexico
 South Dakota
 Texas
SNAs of 1985, can be used for valley of any of several Red rivers in the United States and Canada. Indexed with states or provinces as applicable.
red rock  search
USEred beds
Red Sea  search
BTIndian Ocean
 .Red Sea
NTAtlantis II Deep
 Chain Deep
 Discovery Deep
 Gulf of Aqaba
 Gulf of Suez
 Red Sea Rift
RTLeg 23
 Great Rift Valley
 Red Sea Basin
 DSDP Site 225
 DSDP Site 228
 DSDP Site 229
 DSDP Site 230
 Jeddah Saudi Arabia
 Red Sea region
 Zabargad Island
SNBetween NE Africa and the Arabian Peninsula connecting the Mediterranean Sea with the Indian Ocean.
Red Sea Basin  search
RTDjibouti
 Egypt
 Eritrea
 Ethiopia
 Israel
 Jordan
 Middle East
 Red Sea
 Red Sea region
 Saudi Arabia
 Sudan
 Yemen
SNIndexed with Red Sea, Djibouti and countries as applicable.
Red Sea Hills  search
BTAfrica
 .Red Sea Hills
UFAtbay
 Etbai
RTEgypt
 Sudan
 East Africa
SNRange of hills along Red Sea in E Egypt and NE Sudan. Indexed with countries as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1985.
Red Sea region  search
RTRed Sea
 Red Sea Basin
 Red Sea Rift
SNThis is an artificial term used to indicate the coastal region immediately adjacent to the Red Sea and the immediate littoral zone.
Red Sea Rift  search
BTIndian Ocean
 .Red Sea
 ..Red Sea Rift
RTEthiopia
 Yemen
 Egypt
 Saudi Arabia
 Arabian Peninsula
 Arava Valley
 Sudan
 East African Rift
 Dead Sea Rift
 Great Rift Valley
 Gulf of Aden
 Ethiopian Rift
 Gulf of Suez
 Red Sea region
 Zabargad Island
SNPart of the Great Rift Valley system which connects the Dead Sea Rift to the East African Rift. Indexed with countries as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1993.
Red soils  search
BTsoils
 .Red soils
RTsoil group
 Zonal soils
Red Willow County Nebraska  search
BTUnited States
 .Nebraska
 ..Red Willow County Nebraska
red zinc ore  search
USEzincite
redbeds  search
USEred beds
Redlichiida  search
BTInvertebrata
 .Arthropoda
 ..Trilobitomorpha
 ...Trilobita
 ....Redlichiida
Redon France  search
BTEurope
 .Western Europe
 ..France
 ...Ille-et-Vilaine France
 ....Redon France
SNTown in E Brittany, NW France.
Redonda Formation  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Phanerozoic
 ..Mesozoic
 ...Triassic
 ....Upper Triassic
 .....Redonda Formation
RTNew Mexico
SNUnconformably overlies Chinle Formation; unconformably underlies Entrada Sandstone. NE New Mexico.
Redondo Canyon  search
BTPacific Ocean
 .North Pacific
 ..Northeast Pacific
 ...Redondo Canyon
UFRedondo submerged valley
RTsubmarine canyons
SNOff S California at approximately 34#DGN and 118#DGW. This term has multiple hierarchies.
Redondo submerged valley  search
USERedondo Canyon
Redonian  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Phanerozoic
 ..Cenozoic
 ...Neogene
 ....Pliocene
 .....upper Pliocene
 ......Redonian
SNNorth America.
Redoubt  search
BTUnited States
 .Alaska
 ..Southern Alaska
 ...Redoubt
UFMount Redoubt
 Mt. Redoubt
RTvolcanoes
SNVolcano W of Cook Inlet in Lake Clark National Park, S Alaska. Added to Thesaurus in 1995.
redox  search
USEEh
redox potential  search
USEEh
reduction  search
RTEh
 oxidation
 processes
 geochemistry
Redwall Limestone  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Phanerozoic
 ..Paleozoic
 ...Carboniferous
 ....Mississippian
 .....Redwall Limestone
RTArizona
SNComprises four unnamed members. N Arizona.
Redwood County Minnesota  search
BTUnited States
 .Minnesota
 ..Redwood County Minnesota
Redwood Creek  search
RTHumboldt County California
 Mill Creek
 Redwood National Park
SNNW California. May also occur in other locations. Indexed with county or regions as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1989.
Redwood National Park  search
BTUnited States
 .California
 ..Redwood National Park
RTnational parks
 Klamath Mountains
 Del Norte County California
 Humboldt County California
 Redwood Creek
SNCoastal N California. Indexed with counties as applicable.
reedmergnerite  search
BTsilicates
 .framework silicates
 ..reedmergnerite
Reedsville Formation  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Phanerozoic
 ..Paleozoic
 ...Ordovician
 ....Upper Ordovician
 .....Reedsville Formation
RTVirginia
 Pennsylvania
 West Virginia
 Tennessee
SNCentral Pennsylvania, E Tennessee, SW Virginia and E West Virginia. Added to Thesaurus in 1989.
reef builders  search
RTalgae
 Brachiopoda
 Bryozoa
 Coelenterata
 Echinodermata
 hermatypic taxa
 Mollusca
 Porifera
 reefs
 stromatolites
SNAdded to Thesaurus in 1981.
reef environment  search
RTaquatic environment
 deep-water environment
 depositional environment
 marine environment
 paleoecology
 reefs
 sedimentation
 shallow-water environment
 submarine environment
SNFor paleoecology. Before 1993, also search reefs and environment. Added to Thesaurus in 1993.
reef formations  search
USEreefs
reef pinnacle  search
USEpinnacle reefs
reefs  search
NTatolls
 barrier reefs
 fringing reefs
 patch reefs
 pinnacle reefs
 platform reefs
UFcoral reefs
 reef formations
RTbioerosion
 oceanography
 ecology
 paleoecology
 geomorphology
 Coelenterata
 hermatypic taxa
 bioherms
 reef builders
 carbonate banks
 biogenic structures
 marine geology
 continental shelf
 lagoons
 bafflestone
 biostromes
 lithofacies
 reef environment
 sea-level chang
SNAs of 1984, not to be for sedimentary structures; use bioherms there. As of 1993, use reef environment for paleoecology.
Reefton New Zealand  search
BTAustralasia
 .New Zealand
 ..Reefton New Zealand
RTSouth Island
SNVillage in NW South Island. Also index South Island.
Reelfoot Lake  search
BTUnited States
 .Tennessee
 ..Reelfoot Lake
RTLake County Tennessee
 Obion County Tennessee
SNLake and Obion counties, NW Tennessee. Indexed with counties as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1989.
Reelfoot Rift  search
BTUnited States
 .Reelfoot Rift
RTMissouri
 Mississippi
 Tennessee
 Arkansas
 Mississippi Valley
 Midcontinent
SNNW Tennessee, SE Missouri, NE Arkansas and NW Mississippi. Indexed with states as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1989.
Reeves County Texas  search
BTUnited States
 .Texas
 ..Reeves County Texas
RTDavis Mountains
SNExtreme W Texas.
refinement  search
RTcrystal structure
 Rietveld refinement
reflectance  search
UFreflectance spectra
 reflectivity
RTorganic compounds
 albedo
 brightness
 coal
 microscope methods
 crystallography
 mineralogy
 ore reflectivity
SNApplies to specific samples of coal, organic compounds, and sometimes minerals. As of 1982, use ore reflectivity for ore deposits. When discussing methods, also use microscope methods. Does not include reflectivity of a rock bed to seismic waves.
reflectance spectra  search
USEreflectance
reflection  search
RTbackscattering
 diffraction
 elastic waves
 geophysical surveys
 reflectograms
SNAfter 1998, for seismic studies, use reflection methods. For minerals, see optical properties.
reflection methods  search
BTgeophysical methods
 .reflection methods
NTcommon-depth-point method
RTacoustical methods
 geophysical surveys
 elastic waves
 AVO methods
 dip moveout
 moveout
 normal moveout
 multiple reflections
 radar methods
 BIRPS
 bottom-simulating reflectors
 CALCRUST
 COCORP
 ECORS
 DEKORP
 Lithoprobe
 ground-penetrating radar
 reflectograms
 seismo
SNRestricted to geophysical methods; most commonly used for seismic methods. Indexed with seismic methods or other types of methods as applicable.
reflection waves  search
SNAs of 1981, no longer a valid index term for GeoRef. Before 1978, also search ocean waves AND reflection.
reflectivity  search
USEreflectance
reflectograms  search
RTreflection
 reflection methods
reforestation  search
USErevegetation
refraction  search
RTdiffraction
 elastic waves
 electrical methods
 geophysical surveys
SNFor seismic studies, use refraction methods. For minerals, use refractive index.
refraction method  search
refraction methods  search
BTgeophysical methods
 .refraction methods
RTseismology
 acoustical methods
 geophysical surveys
 seismic methods
 electrical methods
 ECORS
 diffraction
 sonobuoys
SNRestricted to geophysical methods; most commonly used for seismic methods. Indexed with seismic methods or other types of methods as applicable.
refraction waves  search
SNAs of 1981, no longer a valid index term for GeoRef. Before 1978, also search ocean waves AND refraction.
refractive index  search
UFindex of refraction
 refractivity
 refractometry
RToptical dispersion
 birefringence
 optical properties
refractivity  search
USErefractive index
refractometry  search
USErefractive index
refractories  search
USErefractory materials
refractory clay  search
USEfireclay
refractory materials  search
UFrefractories
RTcarborundum
 industrial minerals
 materials
 construction materials
 ceramic materials
 clays
 fireclay
 flint clay
 kaolin deposits
 sintering
 graphite deposits
 magnesite deposits
SNAs a commodity index with ceramic materials.
Refugian  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Phanerozoic
 ..Cenozoic
 ...Paleogene
 ....Eocene
 .....Refugian
RTOligocene
SNNorth America. Above Fresnian, below Zemorrian.
Refugio County Texas  search
BTUnited States
 .Texas
 ..Refugio County Texas
Regensburg Germany  search
BTEurope
 .Central Europe
 ..Germany
 ...Bavaria Germany
 ....Regensburg Germany
SNCity on Danube River in E central Bavaria, SE Germany.
Reggio Calabria  search
USEReggio di Calabria Italy
Reggio di Calabria Italy  search
BTEurope
 .Southern Europe
 ..Italy
 ...Calabria Italy
 ....Reggio di Calabria Italy
UFReggio Calabria
SNCity and province on Strait of Messina in S Italy.
regi  search
regimes, water  search
USEwater regimes
Regina Saskatchewan  search
BTCanada
 .Western Canada
 ..Saskatchewan
 ...Regina Saskatchewan
SNCity in S Saskatchewan.
regional  search
RTareal geology
 geography
SNAfter 1977, used only as a general term for geography. Used through 1977 in combination with metamorphism; after 1977, regional metamorphism is used.
regional anomalies  search
RTanomalies
 residual anomalies
SNAdded to Thesaurus in 1981.
Regional Aquifer-System Analysis Program  search
USERASA
regional metamorphism  search
BTmetamorphism
 .regional metamorphism
RTBarrovian-type deposits
 burial metamorphism
 dynamic metamorphism
SNBefore 1978, also search metamorphism AND regional.
regional patterns  search
RTgeothermal gradient
 heat flow
 heat sources
 patterns
regional planning  search
RTenvironmental geology
 land use
 planning
 urban planning
registration  search
UFprofessional registration
RTpollution
 education
 accuracy
 quality control
 cartography
 data processing
 geology
 imagery
 data bases
 practice
 licensing
 geologists
SNAs of 1998, restricted from use with geophysical methods. Use accuracy or see data processing. Not restricted to registration of professionals. Also search certification if applicable. Indexed with practice and geologists as applicable.
regolith  search
RTdebris
 overburden
 resurfacing
 sedimentary cover
 soils
SNMay also be used used for the Moon and planets.
Regosols  search
BTsoils
 .Regosols
regression  search
BTsea-level changes
 .regression
RTstratigraphy
 levels
 raised beaches
 Fischer plots
 lowstands
 transgression
 lake-level changes
 retrogradation
SNAs of 1998, restricted to use for seas.
regression analysis  search
BTstatistical analysis
 .regression analysis
NTautoregression
RTanalysis
 least-squares analysis
Reguibat Ridge  search
BTAfrica
 .Reguibat Ridge
RTMauritania
 Western Sahara
SNIn NW Mauritania and Western Sahara.
regulations  search
RTClean Air Act
 Clean Water Act
 decision-making
 economic geology
 engineering geology
 environmental geology
 government agencies
 hydrogeology
 land management
 land use
 legislation
 policy
 pollution
 preservation
 protection
 public policy
 reclamation
 resources
 Saf
SNAdded to Thesaurus in 1993.
Rehamma  search
USERehamna
Rehamna  search
BTAfrica
 .North Africa
 ..Morocco
 ...Rehamna
UFRehamma
SNTribal area N of Marrakech in W central Morocco.
Reichenstein Poland  search
USEZloty Stok Poland
Reindeer Lake  search
BTCanada
 .Reindeer Lake
RTSaskatchewan
 Manitoba
SNNE Saskatchewan and NW Manitoba. Added to Thesaurus in 1981.
Reindeer Zone  search
BTCanada
 .Western Canada
 ..Reindeer Zone
RTSaskatchewan
 Manitoba
 Churchill Province
 Hudsonian Orogeny
SNArchean-Proterozoic, in the Trans-Hudson Orogen between the Superior and the Churchill provinces. Indexed with Manitoba and/or Saskatchewan as applicable.
reinforced materials  search
RTdams
 embankments
 engineering geology
 foundations
 geogrids
 highways
 materials
 reservoirs
 rock mechanics
 slope stability
 soil mechanics
SNBefore 1993, also search reinforced soil and reinforced earth as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1993.
reinjection wells  search
RTabandoned water wells
 artificial recharge
 fluid injection
 gas injection
 injection
 irrigation
 oil wells
 waste disposal
 waste management
SNAdded to Thesaurus in 1985.
rejuvenation head  search
USEknickpoints
relation  search
SNA valid general term through 1977.
relative age  search
RTabsolute age
 age
 biochronology
 cation-ratio dating
 cosmochronology
 electron paramagnetic resonance
 epimerization
 exposure age
 fission-track dating
 geochronology
 hydration of glass
 isochrons
 lichenometry
 meteor craters
 optical mineralogy
 overprinting
 paleo
SNAlso search specific methods if applicable. Indexed with specific method or methods.
relaxation  search
RTcreep
 deformation
 equilibrium
 geophysical methods
 geophysics
 kinetics
 mathematical methods
 relaxation energy
 rheology
 strain relaxation
 stress
 structural analysis
 structural geology
SNSee relaxation energy or strain relaxation if applicable. Use a more specific term if applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1995.
relaxation energy  search
RTelastic waves
 energy
 relaxation
 seismology
release fractures  search
BTfractures
 .release fractures
RTstress
 joints
SNBefore 1978, also search fractures AND release.
reliability  search
RTaccuracy
 errors
 maximum likelihood
 precision
 probability
 sampling
 statistical analysis
 uncertainty
SNUsed as a general term.
relict materials  search
RTmaterials
 metamorphic rocks
 meteorites
 parent bodies
 permafrost
 provenance
 reworking
 sediments
SNAdded to Thesaurus in 1985.
relief  search
RTdigital terrain models
 elevation
 landform description
 landform evolution
 ocean floors
 paleorelief
 geomorphology
 relief exposure
 relief inversion
 shaded relief maps
 terrains
 topography
relief effects  search
RTclimate
 climate effects
 effects
 magnetic field
SNFor use in relation to the Earth's magnetic field. Added to Thesaurus in 1981.
relief exposure  search
RTlandforms
 relief
 geomorphology
SNAdded to Thesaurus in 1981.
relief features  search
USElandforms
relief inversion  search
RTbasin inversion
 inversion tectonics
 landform evolution
 relief
 geomorphology
SNAdded to Thesaurus in 1981.
Relizian  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Phanerozoic
 ..Cenozoic
 ...Neogene
 ....Miocene
 .....Relizian
RTlower Miocene
 middle Miocene
SNNorth America. Miocene, above Saucesian and below Luisian. Added to Thesaurus in 1985.
remagnetization  search
RTdemagnetization
 magnetization
 natural remanent magnetization
 paleomagnetism
 secondary magnetization
remanent magnetism  search
USEremanent magnetization
remanent magnetization  search
BTmagnetization
 .remanent magnetization
NTanhysteretic remanent magnetization
 characteristic remanent magnetization
 chemical remanent magnetization
 depositional remanent magnetization
 isothermal remanent magnetization
 natural remanent magnetization
 partial thermoremanent magnetization
 piezoremanent magnetization
 thermochemical remanent magnetization
 thermoremanent magnetization
 viscous remanent magnetization
UFremanent magnetism
RTadiabatic demagnetization
 demagnetization
 paleomagnetism
 magnetic field
 chemical demagnetization
 coercivity
 magnetic properties
 Koenigsberger ratio
 thermal demagnetization
 Thellier Method
remediation  search
NTbioremediation
RTbiodegradation
 bioreclamation
 constructed wetlands
 incineration
 leaking underground storage tanks
 mitigation
 pollution
 pump-and-treat
 reclamation
 soil treatment
 soil vapor extraction
 soil venting
 strip mining
 waste disposal
 waste management
 water treatmen
SNBefore 1993, also search reclamation, water treatment or soil treatment if applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1993.
remobilization  search
SNAs of 1981, no longer a valid term for GeoRef. Included use in petrology. See mobilization, migration of elements, geochemistry.
remote sensing  search
UFremote sensing data
 remote-sensing methods
 sensing, remote
RTaerial photography
 airborne methods
 albedo
 brightness
 automated analysis
 Apollo 11
 Apollo Program
 Apollo 12
 Apollo 13
 Apollo 14
 Apollo 15
 Apollo 16
 Apollo 17
 Apollo 8
 Apollo 9
 Apollo-Soyuz Program
 coronae
 AVHRR
 AVIRIS
 Clementine Program
 color imagery
 Dopp
SNUsed for both methods and applications. For surveys, also index geophysical surveys.
remote sensing data  search
USEremote sensing
remote-sensing methods  search
USEremote sensing
Renalcis  search
BTcyanobacteria
 .Renalcis
RTmicrofossils
 algae
SNGenus. For paleontologic studies, index microfossils. Index algae if applicable.
Renault Formation  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Phanerozoic
 ..Paleozoic
 ...Carboniferous
 ....Mississippian
 .....Upper Mississippian
 ......Chesterian
 .......Renault Formation
RTKentucky
 Missouri
 Illinois
 Indiana
SNS Illinois, S Indiana, W and central Kentucky, and SE Missouri. Added to Thesaurus in 1989.
Renazzo Meteorite  search
BTmeteorites
 .stony meteorites
 ..chondrites
 ...carbonaceous chondrites
 ....CR chondrites
 .....Renazzo Meteorite
RTCM chondrites
SNBefore 1981, also search Renazzo AND meteorites. Reclassified from the CM2 chondrite group to the type for the CR chondrite group. Added to Thesaurus in 1995.
Rendzinas  search
BTsoils
 .Rendzinas
RTsoil group
Renfrew County Ontario  search
BTCanada
 .Eastern Canada
 ..Ontario
 ...Renfrew County Ontario
NTChalk River Ontario
RTPerch Lake
SNSE Ontario.
renierite  search
BTsulfosalts
 .sulfogermanates
 ..renierite
Renmark Australia  search
BTAustralasia
 .Australia
 ..South Australia
 ...Renmark Australia
SNTown on Murray River in SE South Australia.
Rennes France  search
BTEurope
 .Western Europe
 ..France
 ...Ille-et-Vilaine France
 ....Rennes France
SNCity in E Brittany, NW France.
Reno County Kansas  search
BTUnited States
 .Kansas
 ..Reno County Kansas
NTHutchinson Kansas
SNS central Kansas.
Reno Nevada  search
BTUnited States
 .Nevada
 ..Washoe County Nevada
 ...Reno Nevada
SNCity on Truckee River in W Nevada.
Renova Formation  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Phanerozoic
 ..Cenozoic
 ...Paleogene
 ....Renova Formation
RTEocene
 Oligocene
 Montana
SNIn Bozeman Group. Eocene and Oligocene. SW Montana. Indexed with age as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1995.
Rensselaer County New York  search
BTUnited States
 .New York
 ..Rensselaer County New York
SNE New York.
Renville County Minnesota  search
BTUnited States
 .Minnesota
 ..Renville County Minnesota
SNS Minnesota.
Renville County North Dakota  search
BTUnited States
 .North Dakota
 ..Renville County North Dakota
SNN North Dakota.
replacement  search
SNA valid term through 1975. After 1975, use metasomatism or pseudomorphism.
report  search
NTannual report
 progress report
UFbrief report
RTassociations
 current research
 symposia
 atlas
repositories  search
SNNot a valid term for GeoRef. See waste disposal sites or storage or waste disposal.
representative basins  search
RTdrainage basins
 ground water
 hydrogeology
 hydrology
 models
 water resources
SNAdded to Thesaurus in 1981.
reproduction  search
RTeggs
 larvae
 paleontology
 sexual dimorphism
Reptilia  search
BTChordata
 .Vertebrata
 ..Tetrapoda
 ...Reptilia
NTAnapsida
 Diapsida
 dinosaurs
 Testudinata
RTeggs
 gastroliths
Republic County Kansas  search
BTUnited States
 .Kansas
 ..Republic County Kansas
SNN Kansas.
research  search
RTassociations
 bibliography
 current research
 geology
 International Lithosphere Program
 programs
 progress report
 survey organizations
 technical writing
research vessels  search
RTAlvin
 CYANA
 Deep Sea Drilling Project
 expeditions
 FAMOUS
 geophysical methods
 geophysical surveys
 GEOSECS
 Glomar Challenger
 International Decade of Ocean Exploration
 IPOD
 marine geology
 marine methods
 Ocean Drilling Program
 oceanography
 submersibles
SNAdded to Thesaurus in 1983.
reserves  search
RTinventory
 ore grade
 prediction maps
 resources
 size
 strategic minerals
SNIndexed with specific commodity as applicable.
reservoir properties  search
RTconfining pressure
 connectivity
 Darcy's law
 decompaction
 formation damage
 formation evaluation
 geothermal reservoirs
 minipermeameters
 natural gas
 naturally fractured reservoirs
 oil and gas fields
 overpressure
 petroleum
 properties
 slug tests
 tight sands
 un
SNNot to be used in relation to surface reservoirs. Use for petroleum or geothermal reservoirs.
reservoir rocks  search
RTcap rocks
 enhanced recovery
 geopressure
 geothermal energy
 geothermal reservoirs
 meteoric water
 natural gas
 naturally fractured reservoirs
 oil and gas fields
 overpressure
 petroleum
 petroleum engineering
 rocks
 roughness
 sedimentation
 source rocks
 stratigrap
SNUse for petroleum or geothermal reservoirs.
reservoirs  search
UFsurface reservoirs
RTdams
 embankments
 earthquakes
 engineering geology
 deposition
 geologic hazards
 hydrogeology
 Archie's law
 design
 hydrology
 construction
 levels
 feasibility studies
 lakes
 geomembranes
 geotextiles
 drawdown
 floods
 naturally fractured reservoirs
 ponds
 maintenance
SNSince 1978, used only for surface reservoirs (e.g. water reservoirs behind dams). For subsurface reservoirs such as petroleum reservoirs, see reservoir rocks, reservoir properties. See geothermal reservoirs, if applicable. Used only for geological studies
reservoirs, geothermal  search
USEgeothermal reservoirs
residence time  search
RTage
 bioaccumulation
 exposure age
 ground water
 rates
 retention
 time factor
 water regimes
SNGeneral concept for systems. Added to Thesaurus in 1995.
residual anomalies  search
RTanomalies
 gravity anomalies
 regional anomalies
SNAdded to Thesaurus in 1981.
residual clays  search
BTsediments
 .clastic sediments
 ..residual clays
RTclay
 clays
SNAdded to Thesaurus in 1981.
residual soils  search
RTresiduum
 soil mechanics
 soils
SNIn GeoRef, used mainly for engineering studies. Do not use for residuum. Indexed with soils if applicable.
residues, insoluble  search
USEinsoluble residues
residues, organic  search
SNNot a valid term for GeoRef. See sedimentary rocks or sediments.
residuum  search
BTsediments
 .clastic sediments
 ..residuum
RTweathering
 terrigenous materials
 residual soils
resinite  search
BTmacerals
 .exinite
 ..resinite
resins  search
UFfossil resins
 mineral resins
RTorganic compounds
 amber
resistivity  search
UFelectrical resistivity
RTwell-logging
 geophysical methods
 geophysical surveys
 apparent resistivity
 conductivity
 electrical logging
 electrical methods
 Archie's law
 Schlumberger methods
 crosshole methods
 electrical conductivity
 electrical sounding
 dipole-dipole methods
 Laterolog
Resita Romania  search
BTEurope
 .Southern Europe
 ..Romania
 ...Resita Romania
BTEurope
 .Southern Europe
 ..Banat
 ...Resita Romania
UFRecita Romania
SNCity in Caras-Severin County in W Romania. This term has multiple hierarchies.
Resolution Guyot  search
USEResolution Seamount
Resolution Seamount  search
BTPacific Ocean
 .West Pacific
 ..Resolution Seamount
BTPacific Ocean
 .North Pacific
 ..Mid-Pacific Mountains
 ...Resolution Seamount
UFResolution Guyot
RTCentral Pacific
 Leg 143
 ODP Site 866
 ODP Site 867
 ODP Site 868
SNW Mid-Pacific Mountains. This term has multiple hierarchies.
resonance  search
RTelectron paramagnetic resonance
 nuclear magnetic resonance
 oscillations
 vibration
resorption  search
UFreabsorption
 readsorption
RTabsorption
 adsorption
 petrology
 soils
 processes
 textures
 crystals
SNAlso index absorption or adsorption if applicable.
Resource Conservation and  search
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act  search
UFRCRA
RTpollution
 environmental geology
 ground water
 waste disposal
 conservation
 protection
 water resources
 radioactive waste
 water management
 water quality
 liquid waste
 solid waste
 natural resources
 resources
SNUnited States legislative act enacted in the fall of 1976. Concerns waste disposal management, especially regulation of hazardous waste. Added to Thesaurus in 1989.
resources  search
RTconservation
 energy sources
 inventory
 licensing
 mineral resources
 natural resources
 productive capacity
 regulations
 reserves
 Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
 size
 water resources
respiration  search
RTchemosynthesis
 photosynthesis
 processes
 geochemistry
SNAdded to Thesaurus in 1981.
response  search
SNAs of 1981, no longer a valid term for GeoRef. Used as a general term.
Restigou  search
Restigouche County New Brunswick  search
BTCanada
 .Eastern Canada
 ..Maritime Provinces
 ...New Brunswick
 ....Restigouche County New Brunswick
Restigouche Estuary  search
BTCanada
 .Restigouche Estuary
RTQuebec
 New Brunswick
 Chaleur Bay
SNW extremity of Chaleur Bay. Indexed with provinces as applicable.
restites  search
RTanatexis
 igneous rocks
 magmas
 metamorphic rocks
 metasomatic rocks
 migmatites
 mixing
SNParts of composite rocks which were geochemically immobile. Added to Thesaurus in 1995.
restorations  search
SNNot a valid GeoRef index term after 1970. See physical models; reclamation; reconstruction; sample preparation.
resurfacing  search
RTcosmochronology
 cratering
 denudation
 erosion rates
 erosion surfaces
 exposure age
 extraterrestrial geology
 geochronology
 impact craters
 impact features
 landform evolution
 meteor craters
 planetology
 regolith
 relative age
 surface features
SNGenerally used for impact erosion and/or depositional processes on extraterrestrial planetary bodies on a global scale. Also index cratering if applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1995.
resurgence  search
UFrising springs
 springs, rising
RTgeomorphology
 volcanoes
 domes
 hydrology
 calderas
 cauldrons
 caves
 underground streams
 springs
 karst hydrology
retaining walls  search
UFwalls, retaining
RTembankments
 slope stability
 rock mechanics
 soil mechanics
 reservoirs
 stabilization
 pressure
 landslides
 berms
 foundations
 levees
 geogrids
 tailings ponds
SNWall designed to resist lateral pressure of material behind it and maintain differences in elevation. Added to Thesaurus in 1993.
retention  search
RTatmospheric precipitation
 hydrology
 residence time
 runoff
 water
SNThe amount of water from precipitation that has not escaped as runoff or through evapotranspiration.
Retezat Mountains  search
BTEurope
 .Southern Europe
 ..Romania
 ...Transylvania
 ....Retezat Mountains
RTTransylvanian Alps
SNGroup in W Transylvanian Alps in SW Transylvania, W central Romania.
Retort Phosphatic Shale Member  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Phanerozoic
 ..Paleozoic
 ...Permian
 ....Retort Phosphatic Shale Member
RTIdaho
 Utah
 Wyoming
 Montana
 Nevada
 Phosphoria Formation
SNOf Phosphoria Formation. E Idaho, SW Montana, Nevada, NE Utah and W Wyoming. Added to Thesaurus in 1989.
retorting  search
RTcombustion
 in situ
 oil shale
 petroleum engineering
 recovery
SNAdded to Thesaurus in 1985.
retrieval, data  search
USEdata retrieval
retrogradation  search
RTparasequences
 regression
 retrograde metamorphism
 sequence stratigraphy
 shorelines
 stratigraphy
SNFor stratigraphic studies, also index regression if applicable.
retrograde  search
SNA valid term through 1977.
retrograde metamorphism  search
BTmetamorphism
 .retrograde metamorphism
UFdiaphthoresis
 retrogressive metamorphism
RTprograde metamorphism
 decompression
 dynamic metamorphism
 retrogradation
 polymetamorphism
SNBefore 1978, also search metamorphism AND retrograde.
retrogressive metamorphism  search
USEretrograde metamorphism
Reunion  search
BTIndian Ocean Islands
 .Mascarene Islands
 ..Reunion
NTPiton de la Fournaise
 Piton des Neiges
 Saint-Louis Reunion
UFReunion Island
SNOne of the Mascarene Islands and a French overseas territory 425 miles E of Madagascar.
Reunion Island  search
USEReunion
revegetation  search
UFreforestation
RTecology
 fires
 forests
 riparian environment
 grasslands
 prairies
 savannas
 steppes
 tundra
SNAdded to Thesaurus in 1993.
Revelstoke British Columbia  search
BTCanada
 .Western Canada
 ..British Columbia
 ...Revelstoke British Columbia
SNCity in SE British Columbia.
reversals  search
UFself reversal
 self-reversals
RTpaleomagnetism
 magnetic field
 Earth
 pole positions
 Brunhes Chron
 Gauss Chron
 Gilbert Chron
 Jaramillo Subchron
 Matuyama Chron
 Olduvai Subchron
reverse  search
SNA valid term through 1977. After 1977, use reverse faults.
reverse faults  search
BTfaults
 .reverse faults
RTinversion tectonics
 thrust faults
 displacements
 imbricate tectonics
SNBefore 1978, also search faults AND reverse.
reverse slip faults  search
USEthrust faults
revetments  search
RTembankments
 engineering geology
 riprap
 seawalls
 shorelines
 slope stability
 waterways
SNFacing of stone, concrete or other material on embankment to prevent scour by weathering or water action. Added to Thesaurus in 1993.
Revett Quartzite  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Precambrian
 ..Proterozoic
 ...Mesoproterozoic
 ....Revett Quartzite
RTIdaho
 Montana
 Washington
 Belt Supergroup
 Ravalli Group
SNIn Ravalli Group of Belt Supergroup. NE Idaho and NW Montana. Added to Thesaurus in 1985.
review  search
RTbibliography
 book reviews
 critical review
SNUsed as a general term for bibliographic reviews, annual reviews and syntheses.
revision  search
RTfossils
 new taxa
 taxonomy
SNUsed for revision of classification and taxonomy, especially in fossils.
Rewa India  search
BTAsia
 .Indian Peninsula
 ..India
 ...Madhya Pradesh India
 ....Rewa India
SNCity in N Madhya Pradesh, central India.
reworking  search
RTdeposition
 fossils
 relict materials
 sedimentation
 sediments
Rexroad Formation  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Phanerozoic
 ..Cenozoic
 ...Neogene
 ....Pliocene
 .....upper Pliocene
 ......Rexroad Formation
RTOklahoma
 Kansas
SNUnderlies Angell Member of Ballard Formation.
Reykjanes Peninsula  search
BTEurope
 .Western Europe
 ..Iceland
 ...Reykjanes Peninsula
SNWSW of Reykjavik. Also search Reykjanes.
Reykjanes Ridge  search
BTAtlantic Ocean
 .North Atlantic
 ..Reykjanes Ridge
RTDSDP Site 114
 DSDP Site 407
 Leg 49
 DSDP Site 408
 DSDP Site 409
 ODP Site 983
 ODP Site 984
SNSW of Iceland.
Reynolds County Missouri  search
BTUnited States
 .Missouri
 ..Reynolds County Missouri
SNSE Missouri.
Reynolds Creek  search
RTIdaho
 Owyhee County Idaho
SNFlows into Snake River in extreme SW Idaho. May also occur in other locations. Indexed with counties or region as applicable.
Reynolds numb  search
Reynolds number  search
UFDamkohler number
RTconvection
 mathematical methods
 hydrodynamics
SNAdded to Thesaurus in 1995.