paleo  search
paleo-indian  search
USEpaleoindian
paleo-oceanography  search
RTbathymetry
 ocean basins
 ocean floors
 oceanography
 orbital forcing
 paleocirculation
 paleohydrology
 sea-floor spreading
 sea-level changes
 Southern Oscillation
Paleoarchean  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Precambrian
 ..Archean
 ...Paleoarchean
paleoatmosphere  search
RTatmosphere
 climate
 Earth
 Gaia hypothesis
 geochemistry
 paleoclimatology
 paleoecology
 paleoenvironment
 paleotemperature
SNAdded to Thesaurus in 1982.
paleobathymetry  search
RTbathymetry
 ocean floors
 paleocirculation
 paleorelief
 sea-floor spreading
paleobiochemistry  search
USEbiochemistry
paleobiogeography  search
USEbiogeography
paleobiology  search
RTbiochemistry
 biology
 fossils
 geomicrobiology
 paleontology
paleobotany  search
UFbotany, paleo-
RTbiologic evolution
 biogeography
 fossils
 catalogs
 bibliography
 floral provinces
 biodiversity
 cladistics
 geomicrobiology
 fossilization
 floral studies
 chemosynthesis
 miscellanea
 electron microscopy
 flowers
 leaves
 micropaleontology
 fossil record
 holotypes
 mod
SNUsed for general discussions of fossil Plantae and for the discipline as a whole. See names of major floral groups (list F).
Paleobotany (category)  search
SNPaleobotany, GeoRef category code 09 is one of thirty categories used to classify documents in GeoRef. Each reference in GeoRef is assigned one or more categories. Categories can be used, in addition to Terms, to refine searches (See List A.).
Paleocene  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Phanerozoic
 ..Cenozoic
 ...Paleogene
 ....Paleocene
NTDanian
 Selandian
 Thanetian
 Beaufort Formation
 Bullion Creek Formation
 Clayton Formation
 Latrobe Group
 Lebo Member
 lower Paleocene
 Ludlow Member
 middle Paleocene
 Midway Group
 Montian
 Nacimiento Formation
 Naheola Formation
 Oak Hill Member
 Pinyon Conglomerate
 Porters Creek Formation
 Ravenscrag Formation
 Sentinel Butte Formation
 Tongue River Member
 Tullock Member
 upper Paleocene
RTBrianconnais Zone
 Beaverhead Formation
 Imo Shale
 Fort Union Formation
 Claron Formation
 Laramide Orogeny
 Mardin Formation
 Ekofisk Formation
 Intertrappean Beds
 Denver Formation
 Flagstaff Formation
 Hanna Formation
 Huber Formation
 lower Paleogene
 Moreno Forma
SNWorld. Lower Tertiary, above Gulfian (Cretaceous), below Eocene.
paleochannels  search
SNNot a valid index term for GeoRef. See channels under sedimentary structures planar bedding structures (list K). See also buried channels.
paleocirculation  search
RTcirculation
 ocean circulation
 paleo-oceanography
 paleobathymetry
paleoclimate maps  search
BTmaps
 .paleoclimate maps
UFpaleoclimatologic maps
RTphotogeology
 paleoclimatology
 climatologic maps
SNBefore 1985, also search paleoclimatology AND maps. Added to Thesaurus in 1985.
paleoclimatic controls  search
SNNot a valid term for GeoRef. See paleoclimatology.
paleoclimatic effects  search
SNNot a valid term for GeoRef. See paleoclimatology.
paleoclimatologic maps  search
USEpaleoclimate maps
paleoclimatology  search
UFclimatology, paleo-
RTglacial geology
 glaciation
 atmosphere
 encrustations
 fossils
 climate
 arctic environment
 arid environment
 cycles
 boreal environment
 C-13/C-12
 general circulation models
 event stratigraphy
 climate change
 climatologic maps
 fluctuations
 humid environment
 indic
SNUsed for treatments of the climate of a given period of time in the geologic past (prehistory). Indexed with also age and area when possible.
Paleocopida  search
BTInvertebrata
 .Arthropoda
 ..Mandibulata
 ...Crustacea
 ....Ostracoda
 .....Paleocopida
RTmicrofossils
SNIndexed with microfossils if applicable.
paleocurrent maps  search
BTmaps
 .paleocurrent maps
RTsedimentation
 paleogeography
 paleocurrents
SNAdded to Thesaurus in 1985.
paleocurrents  search
RTcurrents
 ocean currents
 paleocurrent maps
 paleogeography
 paleohydrology
 paleoplacers
 provenance
 sedimentation
paleoe  search
paleoearthquakes  search
USEpaleoseismicity
paleoecology  search
RTadaptation
 aerobic environment
 anaerobic environment
 anaerobic taxa
 aquatic environment
 archaeology
 arctic environment
 beaches
 behavior
 benthonic taxa
 biodiversity
 biogeography
 biologic evolution
 biostratigraphy
 biotopes
 biotypes
 boreal environment
 carniv
SNUsed for the study of the relationships between organisms and their environments, the death of organisms, and their burial and postburial history in the geologic past (prehistoric), based on fossil fauna and flora and their stratigraphic position. For his
paleoenvironment  search
RTbiotopes
 historical geology
 paleoatmosphere
 paleoecology
 paleogeography
 paleotemperature
 sedimentation
SNDistinguish from paleoecology.
paleofloods  search
RTfloods
 paleoecology
 paleohydrology
SNNot to be used for modern floods. Before 1993, also search paleohydrology AND floods. Added to Thesaurus in 1993.
Paleogene  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Phanerozoic
 ..Cenozoic
 ...Paleogene
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Phanerozoic
 ..Cenozoic
 ...Tertiary
 ....Paleogene
NTPaleocene
 Eocene
 Oligocene
 Barail Group
 Bracklesham Beds
 Chadron Formation
 Claron Formation
 Duchesne River Formation
 Ewekoro Formation
 Flagstaff Formation
 Ghost Rocks Formation
 Hanna Formation
 Huber Formation
 Ilerdian
 Imo Shale
 Kenai Group
 lower Paleogene
 Orca Group
 Renova Formation
 Santa Susana Formation
 Sespe Formation
 Sinjar Formation
 Tyonek Formation
 upper Paleogene
 Wasatch Formation
 White River Group
UFTertiary
 Eogene
RTlower Tertiary
 San Lorenzo Formation
SNAn interval of geologic time incorporating the Oligocene, Eocene, and Paleocene of the Tertiary; the lower Tertiary.
paleogeographic controls  search
RTcontrols
 mineral deposits, genesis
 paleogeography
 paleoplacers
SNAs of 1993, restricted to economic studies.
paleogeographic maps  search
BTmaps
 .paleogeographic maps
RTpaleogeography
 geotectonic maps
SNBefore 1978, also search maps AND paleogeographic.
paleogeography  search
RTalluvial plains
 basins
 biogeography
 buried channels
 buried valleys
 Cathaysia
 continental drift
 exhumation
 geography
 geosynclines
 geotectonic maps
 lake-level changes
 land bridges
 Mesogaea
 ocean basins
 paleoclimatology
 paleocurrent maps
 paleocurrents
 paleoe
SNUsed for the study and description of the physical geography of the geologic past before the Holocene. For the geographic distribution of fossil and modern organisms, use biogeography.
paleohydrology  search
RThydrology
 paleo-oceanography
 paleocurrents
 paleofloods
 paleogeography
 paleolimnology
SNAdded to Thesaurus in 1985.
paleoi  search
paleoindian  search
UFpaleo-indian
RTbiologic evolution
 biogeography
 anthropology
 ontogeny
SNAdded to Thesaurus in 1989.
paleokarst  search
RTburied features
 hydrology
 karst
 karst hydrology
 geomorphology
 solution features
SNIndexed with solution features for geomorphologic studies. Added to Thesaurus in 1982.
paleolatitude  search
UFlatitude, paleo-
RTpaleomagnetism
 latitude
 apparent polar wandering
 polar wandering
paleolimnology  search
RTglacial lakes
 limnology
 paleohydrology
Paleolithic  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Phanerozoic
 ..Cenozoic
 ...Stone Age
 ....Paleolithic
NTAcheulian
 Aurignacian
 Levalloisian
 Magdalenian
 Mousterian
 upper Paleolithic
UFOld Stone Age
RTTertiary
 Pleistocene
 archaeology
 Quaternary
SNArchaeological classification.
paleomagnetism  search
UFmagnetism, paleo-
RTadiabatic demagnetization
 demagnetization
 alternating field demagnetization
 anhysteretic remanent magnetization
 apparent polar wandering
 continental drift
 crust
 Brunhes Chron
 chemical demagnetization
 chemical remanent magnetization
 coercivity
 Curie point
SNUsed for the study of natural remanent magnetization. Always include rock type and age as index terms, if possible.
paleontolo  search
paleontologic record  search
USEfossil record
paleontology  search
RTadaptation
 adaptive radiation
 anatomy
 bibliography
 biocenoses
 biochronology
 biodiversity
 biogeographic maps
 biogeography
 biologic evolution
 biometry
 biostratigraphy
 bipedalism
 bones
 casts
 catalogs
 chemical fossils
 cladistics
 collecting
 collections
 contine
SNUsed for discipline as a whole. Indexed with as a general term for studies of general paleontological principles.
Paleontology (category)  search
SNPaleontology, GeoRef category codes 08-11, are a group of the thirty categories used to classify documents in GeoRef. Each reference in GeoRef is assigned one or more categories. Categories can be used, in addition to Terms, to refine searches (See List A
paleopathology  search
RTarchaeology
 bones
 jaws
 morphology
 paleontology
 shells
 skeletons
 skulls
 taphonomy
 teeth
SNAdded to Thesaurus in 1985.
paleoplacers  search
RTalluvium
 diagenesis
 diamonds
 gold ores
 heavy mineral deposits
 mineral exploration
 paleocurrents
 paleogeographic controls
 placers
 sedimentation
 uranium ores
 weathering
SNCommodity. See List C. Also index type of placer [e.g. diamonds, gold ores, heavy mineral deposits, platinum ores, tin ores]. Added to Thesaurus in 1995.
paleoproductivity  search
SNAs of 1995, not a valid term for GeoRef. Use productivity or biomass or growth rates; AND paleoecology.
Paleoproterozoic  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Precambrian
 ..Proterozoic
 ...Paleoproterozoic
NTSiderian
 Rhyacian
 Orosian
 Statherian
 Aphebian
 Birrimian
 Carpentarian
 Cobalt Group
 Hemlock Formation
 Karelian
 Marquette Range Supergroup
 Mazatzal Orogeny
 Michigamme Formation
 Svecofennian
 Svecofennian Orogeny
 Thomson Formation
 Torngat Orogeny
 Transamazonian Orogeny
 Virginia Formation
 Willyama Complex
 Wollaston Group
UFlower Proterozoic
 Palaeoproterozoic
RTTyler Formation
 Ventersdorp Supergroup
 Fortescue Group
 Harney Peak Granite
 Levack Gneiss
 Little Falls Formation
 Rocknest Formation
 Twilight Gneiss
 Wopmay Orogeny
SNIUGS approved (1990) chronometric era with ages from 2500 Ma to 1600 Ma.
paleorelief  search
UFpaleotopography
RTgeomorphology
 paleobathymetry
 landform evolution
 buried features
 exhumation
 buried channels
 buried valleys
 relief
paleosalinity  search
RTbrackish water
 fluid inclusions
 geochemistry
 salinity
 salt
 sea water
paleoseismicity  search
UFpaleoearthquakes
 paleoseismology
RTseismology
 earthquakes
 archaeology
 geologic hazards
 seismicity
 seismites
 seismotectonics
SNStudy of past, pre-instrumental earthquakes traceable by structural, geomorphologial or sedimentological features or by geophysical properties in rocks and sediments. Added to Thesaurus in 1993.
paleoseismology  search
USEpaleoseismicity
paleoshorelines  search
SNNot a valid term for GeoRef. For geomorphology, use shorelines; for stratigraphy, use sea-level changes or lake-level changes. Also see transgression or regression; or highstands or lowstands.
Paleosols  search
UFfossil soils
RTsoils
 soil group
 buried features
SNIndexed with soils if applicable.
paleotectonics  search
SNA valid term through 1975. After 1975, see tectonics and paleogeography. See also neotectonics.
paleotemperature  search
RTgeologic thermometry
 lithogeochemistry
 P-T conditions
 P-T-t paths
 paleoatmosphere
 paleoclimatology
 paleoecology
 paleoenvironment
 geochemistry
 temperature
 thermal history
SNTerm reintroduced in 1982. Before 1982, also search temperature; paleotemperatures. Term was valid through 1973. From 1974-1981, temperature was used under paleoclimatology. See geologic thermometry. Added to Thesaurus in 1982.
paleotemperatures  search
SNUse temperature or geologic thermometry, paleotemperature, or paleoclimatology.
paleotopography  search
USEpaleorelief
Paleozoic  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Phanerozoic
 ..Paleozoic
NTCambrian
 Ordovician
 Silurian
 Devonian
 Carboniferous
 Permian
 Acadian Phase
 Alice Springs Orogeny
 Antler Orogeny
 Arbuckle Group
 Baralaba Coal Measures
 Bedford Shale
 Berea Sandstone
 Bird Spring Formation
 Bowers Supergroup
 Broken River Formation
 Bucksport Formation
 Caledonian Orogeny
 Cape Elizabeth Formation
 Casco Bay Group
 Casper Formation
 Catskill Formation
 Chattanooga Shale
 Collier Shale
 Cow Head Group
 Deadwood Formation
 Downtonian
 Dunkard Group
 Earn Group
 Ellesmerian Orogeny
 Ellis Bay Formation
 Endicott Group
 Exshaw Formation
 Geirud Formation
 Hanson Creek Formation
 Hartland Formation
 Hidden Valley Dolomite
 Honaker Trail Formation
 Horton Group
 Hunton Group
 Ishbel Group
 Itarare Subgroup
 Keyser Limestone
 Kittery Formation
 Knox Group
 Laborcita Formation
 Leinster Granite
 Lisburne Group
 lower Paleozoic
 Magdalena Group
 Manhattan Formation
 Maroon Formation
 Matapedia Group
 Merrimack Group
 middle Paleozoic
 Mikabu System
 Minnelusa Formation
 Oquirrh Formation
 Ouachita Orogeny
 Paganzo Group
 Peel Sound Formation
 Petersburg Granite
 Phuket Group
 Pilot Shale
 Rangeley Formation
 Read Bay Formation
 Ringerike Sandstone
 Road River Formation
 Rondout Formation
 Sambagawa Belt
 Shawangunk Formation
 Shoo Fly Complex
 Silvretta Group
 Taconic Orogeny
 Taiyuan Formation
 Talchir Formation
 Talladega Group
 Tensleep Sandstone
 Tippecanoe Sequence
 Tulghes Series
 upper Paleozoic
 Waits River Formation
 Weber Sandstone
 Wells Formation
 Wissahickon Formation
 Woodford Shale
RTPhanerozoic
 Nubian Sandstone
 Moldanubian
 lower Gondwana System
 Catalina Schist
 Ceneri Zone
 Rhenohercynian
 Saxothuringian
 Klodzko Unit
 Shuswap Complex
 New England Orogeny
 Riggins Group
 Yellow Aster Complex