pH  search
UFacidity
RTgeochemistry
 acids
 acid rain
 critical load
 acidic composition
 physical properties
 reactivity
 alkalinity
 buffers
 sea water
Phacopida  search
BTInvertebrata
 .Arthropoda
 ..Trilobitomorpha
 ...Trilobita
 ....Phacopida
NTPhacopina
SNOrder.
Phacopina  search
BTInvertebrata
 .Arthropoda
 ..Trilobitomorpha
 ...Trilobita
 ....Phacopida
 .....Phacopina
NTPhacops
SNSuborder or genus.
Phacops  search
BTInvertebrata
 .Arthropoda
 ..Trilobitomorpha
 ...Trilobita
 ....Phacopida
 .....Phacopina
 ......Phacops
SNGenus.
Phaeodarina  search
BTInvertebrata
 .Protista
 ..Radiolaria
 ...Osculosida
 ....Phaeodarina
RTmicrofossils
SNIndexed with microfossils if applicable.
Phaeophyta  search
BTPlantae
 .algae
 ..Phaeophyta
UFbrown algae
 seaweed
RTmicrofossils
SNIncluding brown algae and seaweed. Indexed with microfossils if applicable.
Phanerozoic  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Phanerozoic
NTMesozoic
 Cenozoic
 Paleozoic
RTMesozoic
 Cenozoic
 Paleozoic
pharmacolite  search
BTarsenates
 .pharmacolite
pharmacosiderite  search
BTarsenates
 .pharmacosiderite
phase distortion  search
RTdistortion
 elastic waves
 seismology
SNAdded to Thesaurus in 1981.
phase equilibria  search
RTanvil cells
 carbon dioxide
 crystal chemistry
 crystal growth
 crystal zoning
 crystallography
 entropy
 equations of state
 equilibrium
 free energy
 gases
 grain boundaries
 high pressure
 high temperature
 Hugoniot analysis
 hydrothermal conditions
 igneous rocks
 imm
SNPrimarily used for laboratory studies in petrology and mineralogy. May be used for theoretical or field studies of specific rocks, minerals or localities. For the Earth as a whole, crust, mantle or core, including experimental laboratory studies involving
phase rule  search
UFGibbs phase rule
RTphase equilibria
phase transitions  search
RTanvil cells
 core
 crust
 Earth
 magnesian silicates
 mantle
 phase equilibria
 seismology
 transformations
 transition zones
SNFor phase changes within the Earth and laboratory studies applied to them. For other laboratory studies, see phase equilibria. Added to Thesaurus in 1981.
phase velocity  search
RTelastic waves
 seismology
 velocity
SNAdded to Thesaurus in 1981.
phase, gaseous  search
USEgaseous phase
phase, solid  search
USEsolid phase
phases  search
SNA valid general term through 1978. After 1978, see specific terms, e.g. liquid phase, solid phase, gaseous phase, etc.
Phelps County Missouri  search
BTUnited States
 .Missouri
 ..Phelps County Missouri
SNCentral Missouri.
Phelps County Nebraska  search
BTUnited States
 .Nebraska
 ..Phelps County Nebraska
SNS Nebraska.
phenacite  search
USEphenakite
phenakite  search
BTsilicates
 .orthosilicates
 ..nesosilicates
 ...phenakite
UFphenacite
phenanthrene  search
BTorganic compounds
 .hydrocarbons
 ..aromatic hydrocarbons
 ...polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
 ....phenanthrene
SNCrystalline tricyclic aromatic hydrocarbon. Added to Thesaurus in 1989.
phengite  search
BTsilicates
 .sheet silicates
 ..mica group
 ...phengite
RTmuscovite
phenocrysts  search
RTcrystals
 igneous rocks
 matrix
 minerals
 porphyritic texture
phenols  search
BTorganic compounds
 .phenols
RTchlorophenols
 alcohols
 pentachlorophenol
phenomena, electrical  search
SNNot a valid term for GeoRef. Usually out-of-scope. Used as electrical phenomena with meteorology.
phenomena, surface  search
SNNot a valid term for GeoRef. Usually out-of-scope. Used as surface phenomena with astrophysics and solar physics.
phenomena, transient  search
USEtransient phenomena
phenotypes  search
RTecology
 ontogeny
 paleoecology
 taxonomy
 type specimens
SNAdded to Thesaurus in 1989.
phenylethane  search
USEethylbenzene
phi grade scale  search
USEphi scale
phi scale  search
BTstatistical analysis
 .phi scale
UFphi grade scale
RTsedimentary rocks
 sediments
Philadelphia County Pennsylvania  search
BTUnited States
 .Pennsylvania
 ..Philadelphia County Pennsylvania
NTPhiladelphia Pennsylvania
SNSE Pennsylvania.
Philadelphia Pennsylvania  search
BTUnited States
 .Pennsylvania
 ..Philadelphia County Pennsylvania
 ...Philadelphia Pennsylvania
SNCity on the Delaware River. Coextensive with Philadelphia County, SE Pennsylvania.
Philip Island  search
RTVictoria Australia
SNIn Indian Ocean E of Mornington Peninsula S of Melbourne. Indexed with Victoria Australia if applicable.
Philippine Islands  search
BTAsia
 .Far East
 ..Philippine Islands
NTCebu Philippine Islands
 Iloilo Basin
 Iloilo Philippine Islands
 Luzon
 Marinduque Philippine Islands
 Mindanao
 Mindoro
 Palawan
 Panay Island
 Samar
 Surigao del Norte Philippine Islands
UFPhilippines
RTCentral Cordillera
 ASEAN
 West Pacific Ocean Islands
 Kuroshio
 Luzon earthquake 1990
 Zambales Ophiolite
 Mansalay Formation
Philippine Islands earthquake 1990  search
USELuzon earthquake 1990
Philippine Sea  search
BTPacific Ocean
 .North Pacific
 ..Northwest Pacific
 ...Philippine Sea
NTDaito Ridge
 Kyushu-Palau Ridge
 Parece Vela Basin
 Ryukyu Trench
 West Philippine Basin
RTIzu-Bonin Arc
 Leg 31
 DSDP Site 292
 DSDP Site 293
 DSDP Site 297
 Nankai Trough
 Leg 6
 DSDP Site 442
 Leg 58
 DSDP Site 446
 Leg 59
 Leg 60
 DSDP Site 453
 DSDP Site 454
 DSDP Site 455
 DSDP Site 456
 DSDP Site 457
 DSDP Site 60
 Leg 126
 Leg 124E
 Leg 132
 ODP Site 787
 OD
SNThat part of the W Pacific Ocean with the Philippines Islands on the W, Taiwan and the Ryukyus on the NW, and the U.S. Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands on the E and SE. This term has multiple hierarchies.
Philippine Sea Plate  search
RTPhilippine Sea
 plate tectonics
 plates
SNA tectonic plate roughly covering the same area as the Philippine Sea and virtually surrounded by the SE edge of the Eurasian Plate and the Pacific Plate. Indexed with geographic area and/or age as applicable.
Philippines  search
USEPhilippine Islands
philippinite  search
BTtektites
 .philippinite
Phillipines earthquake 1990  search
USELuzon earthquake 1990
Phillips County Arkansas  search
BTUnited States
 .Arkansas
 ..Phillips County Arkansas
SNE Arkansas.
Phillips County Colorado  search
BTUnited States
 .Colorado
 ..Phillips County Colorado
SNNE Colorado.
Phillips County Kansas  search
BTUnited States
 .Kansas
 ..Phillips County Kansas
NTKirwin Kansas
SNN Kansas.
Phillips County Montana  search
BTUnited States
 .Montana
 ..Phillips County Montana
SNN Montana.
phillipsite  search
BTsilicates
 .framework silicates
 ..zeolite group
 ...phillipsite
philosophy  search
RTcreationism
SNUse term with discipline.
Phlegraean Fields  search
BTEurope
 .Southern Europe
 ..Italy
 ...Campania Italy
 ....Phlegraean Fields
UFCampi Flegrei
RTvolcanoes
SNVolcanic region W of Naples in S Italy.
phlogopite  search
BTsilicates
 .sheet silicates
 ..mica group
 ...phlogopite
UFamber mica
 brown mica
RTfluor-phlogopite
Phobos Satellite  search
RTMars
 satellites
SNOne of satellites of Mars. Before 1989, also search Phobos. Added to Thesaurus in 1989.
Phocidae  search
BTChordata
 .Vertebrata
 ..Tetrapoda
 ...Mammalia
 ....Theria
 .....Eutheria
 ......Carnivora
 .......Pinnipedia
 ........Phocidae
SNFamily.
Phoebe Satellite  search
RTsatellites
 Saturn
SNOne of the satellites of Saturn. Before 1989, also search Phoebe AND Saturn. Added to Thesaurus in 1989.
Phoenix Arizona  search
BTUnited States
 .Arizona
 ..Maricopa County Arizona
 ...Phoenix Arizona
SNCity in S central Arizona.
Pholadomyida  search
BTInvertebrata
 .Mollusca
 ..Bivalvia
 ...Pholadomyida
Pholidophoriformes  search
USEHalecostomi
Pholidota  search
BTChordata
 .Vertebrata
 ..Tetrapoda
 ...Mammalia
 ....Theria
 .....Eutheria
 ......Pholidota
SNOrder.
phonolites  search
BTigneous rocks
 .volcanic rocks
 ..phonolites
NTtinguaite
SNBefore 1981, search trachyte-phonolite family.
Phoronida  search
BTInvertebrata
 .Vermes
 ..Phoronida
phos  search
phosgenite  search
BTcarbonates
 .phosgenite
BThalides
 .chlorides
 ..phosgenite
SNThis term has multiple hierarchies.
phosphate  search
SNAs of 1981, no longer a valid term for GeoRef. Use phosphate deposits for the commodity, phosphates for the mineral group, or phosphate rocks. See also phosphate composition.
phosphate composition  search
RTcomposition
 nodules
SNBefore 1978, also search nodules AND phosphate.
phosphate deposits  search
UFapatite ores
RTapatite
 Lee Creek Mine
SNBefore 1981, also search phosphate AND deposits. Commodity. See List C.
phosphate ion  search
RTions
 geochemistry
 phosphates
SNAdded to Thesaurus in 1985.
phosphate rocks  search
BTsedimentary rocks
 .chemically precipitated rocks
 ..phosphate rocks
UFphosphorite
RTbone beds
SNRefers to any rock containing phosphate.
phosphates  search
NTamblygonite
 apatite
 autunite
 barbosalite
 beraunite
 britholite
 brushite
 cacoxenite
 carbonate apatite
 chlorapatite
 crandallite
 dahllite
 eosphorite
 florencite
 fluorapatite
 francolite
 goyazite
 graftonite
 herderite
 hinsdalite
 hureaulite
 hydroxylapatite
 lazulite
 lithiophilite
 minyulite
 monazite
 monetite
 montebrasite
 newberyite
 plumbogummite
 pyromorphite
 rhabdophane
 rockbridgeite
 sarcopside
 scholzite
 strengite
 struvite
 torbernite
 triphylite
 triplite
 turquoise
 variscite
 vivianite
 wavellite
 whitlockite
 xenotime
RTminerals
 phosphate ion
phosphatization  search
RTdiagenesis
phosphides  search
BTalloys
 .phosphides
NTschreibersite
phosphorescence  search
USEluminescence
Phosphoria Formation  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Phanerozoic
 ..Paleozoic
 ...Permian
 ....Phosphoria Formation
RTIdaho
 Utah
 Wyoming
 Montana
 Meade Peak Member
 Retort Phosphatic Shale Member
SNIncludes Sybille tongue (new), Forelle tongue, and Ervay tongue (new).
phosphorite  search
USEphosphate rocks
phosphorous  search
USEphosphorus
phosphorus  search
NTP-32
UFphosphorous
RTsoils
 fertilizers
 chemical elements
 siderophile elements
 high-field-strength elements
 KREEP
photochemistry  search
NTphotolysis
 photosynthesis
RTatmosphere
 fluorescence
 luminescence
 oxidation
 geochemistry
 polymerization
SNBefore 1998, also search photolysis and/or photosynthesis if applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1985.
photogeologic maps  search
BTmaps
 .photogeologic maps
RTmosaics
 remote sensing
SNBefore 1978, also search maps AND photogeologic.
photogeologic methods  search
USEphotogeology
photogeology  search
UFphotogeologic methods
RTengineering geology
 aerial photography
 cartography
 maps
 mosaics
 photogrammetry
 photography
 remote sensing
 space photography
 airborne methods
 methods
 satellite methods
 mineral exploration
 video methods
 paleoclimate maps
 exploration
SNSearch with geophysical surveys for surveys. Also index remote sensing, geophysical surveys as applicable.
photogrammetry  search
RTaerial photography
 cartography
 definition
 engineering geology
 Magellan Program
 mosaics
 photogeology
 photography
 remote sensing
 space photography
 stereographic projection
SNBefore 1975, also search photogrammetric studies.
photographs  search
USEphotography
photography  search
UFphotographs
 photomicroscopy
RTaerial photography
 mosaics
 photogeology
 photogrammetry
 remote sensing
 space photography
 video methods
photolysis  search
BTphotochemistry
 .photolysis
RTdegradation
photometric  search
SNA valid term through 1977. After 1977, see photometry.
photometry  search
RTchemical analysis
 flame photometry
 spectroscopy
photomicroscopy  search
USEphotography
photomosaics  search
USEmosaics
photosynthesis  search
BTphotochemistry
 .photosynthesis
RTgeochemistry
 processes
 paleobotany
 respiration
phreatic zone  search
USEsaturated zone
phreatomagmatic eruptions  search
USEphreatomagmatism
phreatomagmatism  search
UFphreatomagmatic eruptions
RTlava
 volcanism
 magmas
 volcanology
 thermal waters
 magmatism
 maars
 explosive eruptions
SNAdded to Thesaurus in 1985.
PHREEQE  search
BTcomputer programs
 .PHREEQE
RTgeochemistry
 data processing
 mathematical models
 numerical models
SNGeochemical simulation program applicable to hydrogeology and engineering geology. Added to Thesaurus in 1989.
Phuket Group  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Phanerozoic
 ..Paleozoic
 ...Phuket Group
RTCambrian
 Permian
 Asia
 middle Paleozoic
 Thailand
 Burma
SNMay be the equivalent of the Megui Series, at least in part, of Burma. W side of peninsular Thailand, including island of Phuket, and lower Burma. The Phuket Series was considered Cambrian. After 1974, this group has been considered middle Paleozoic or Pe
phyletic gradualism  search
USEgradualism
phyllites  search
BTmetamorphic rocks
 .phyllites
Phylloceratida  search
BTInvertebrata
 .Mollusca
 ..Cephalopoda
 ...Tetrabranchiata
 ....Ammonoidea
 .....Phylloceratida
phyllonites  search
BTmetamorphic rocks
 .phyllonites
RTphyllonitization
phyllonitization  search
BTmetamorphism
 .phyllonitization
RTprocesses
 recrystallization
 mylonitization
 phyllonites
phyllosilicates  search
USEsheet silicates
phylogeny  search
RTadaptive radiation
 biologic evolution
 cladistics
 gradualism
 molecular biology
 ontogeny
 paleontology
 parsimony
 punctuated equilibria
 speciation
physical  search
SNA valid term through 1977. After 1977, use physical properties or physical weathering.
physical geography  search
USEgeography
physical geology  search
RTgeology
 historical geology
physical methods  search
RTcentrifuge methods
 methods
 soils
physical models  search
RTflume studies
 laboratory studies
 models
 sandbox models
physical processes  search
SNAs of 1993, use geophysical methods, geophysics, physical models, or physical properties as applicable.
physical properties  search
RTacoustical properties
 b-values
 bearing capacity
 compactness
 compressibility
 connectivity
 constitutive equations
 friction
 hardness
 mechanical properties
 microhardness
 pH
 physicochemical properties
 porosity
 properties
 secondary porosity
 soils
 specific gravi
SNSee also appropriate entries under material name.
physical weathering  search
BTweathering
 .physical weathering
RTmechanical weathering
SNBefore 1978, search weathering AND physical.
physico-chemical properties  search
USEphysicochemical properties
physicochemical properties  search
UFphysico-chemical properties
 physiochemical properties
RTgeochemistry
 physical properties
 properties
 surfactants
 chemical properties
 specific surface
SNAdded to Thesaurus in 1982.
physiochemical properties  search
USEphysicochemical properties
physiographic geology  search
SNNo longer a valid GeoRef index term. Used in subfiles E and N. See geomorphology; sedimentation; hydrology.
physiographic maps  search
BTmaps
 .physiographic maps
RTgeomorphology
 geomorphologic maps
SNAdded to Thesaurus in 1985.
physiographic provinces  search
UFprovinces, physiographic
RTgeomorphology
 topography
physiography  search
SNA valid term through 1975. After 1975, see geomorphology.
physiology  search
RTanatomy
 morphology
 muscles
SNRestricted to paleontology. For environmental analysis, use bioaccumulation, or bioavailability. Indexed with with appropriate fossil term (list F).
phytane  search
BTorganic compounds
 .hydrocarbons
 ..aliphatic hydrocarbons
 ...alkanes
 ....phytane
RTisoprenoids
SN2, 6, 10, 14-tetramethylhexadecane. Added to Thesaurus in 1985.
phytogeography  search
USEbiogeography
phytoliths  search
RTfossilization
 paleobotany
 Plantae
SNTerm reintroduced in 1985. Not a valid term from 1969-1984. Added to Thesaurus in 1985.
phytoplankton  search
BTplankton
 .phytoplankton
RTalgae
 diatoms