Pr  search
USEpraseodymium
practice  search
RTcuration
 employment
 ethics
 forensic geology
 geologists
 licensing
 minorities
 registration
 technical writing
 women
SNBefore 1975, also search geology as a profession.
Praecardiida  search
BTInvertebrata
 .Mollusca
 ..Bivalvia
 ...Praecardiida
Pragian  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Phanerozoic
 ..Paleozoic
 ...Devonian
 ....Lower Devonian
 .....Pragian
SNEurope. Lower Devonian, above Lochkovian and below Zlichovian. Added to Thesaurus in 1985.
Prague Czech Republic  search
BTEurope
 .Central Europe
 ..Czech Republic
 ...Bohemia
 ....Prague Czech Republic
UFPraha Czech Republic
SNCity in central Bohemia. Before 1995, Prague Czechoslovakia was also used.
Praha Czech Republic  search
USEPrague Czech Republic
Prahova Romania  search
BTEurope
 .Southern Europe
 ..Romania
 ...Walachia
 ....Prahova Romania
NTPloesti Romania
 Sinaia Romania
 Slanic Romania
RTTeleajen Valley
SNCounty in NE Walachia, S central Romania.
Prairie Bluff Chalk  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Phanerozoic
 ..Mesozoic
 ...Cretaceous
 ....Upper Cretaceous
 .....Gulfian
 ......Prairie Bluff Chalk
RTMississippi
 Alabama
 Selma Group
SNIn Selma Group. SW Mississippi and Alabama. Added to Thesaurus in 1995.
Prairie County Arkansas  search
BTUnited States
 .Arkansas
 ..Prairie County Arkansas
SNE central Arkansas.
Prairie County Montana  search
BTUnited States
 .Montana
 ..Prairie County Montana
SNE Montana.
Prairie du Chien Group  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Phanerozoic
 ..Paleozoic
 ...Ordovician
 ....Lower Ordovician
 .....Prairie du Chien Group
RTIowa
 Illinois
 Wisconsin
 Minnesota
 Oneota Dolomite
 Shakopee Formation
SNSW Wisconsin, Illinois, Iowa and S Minnesota. Added to Thesaurus in 1985.
Prairie Evaporite  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Phanerozoic
 ..Paleozoic
 ...Devonian
 ....Middle Devonian
 .....Prairie Evaporite
RTSaskatchewan
 Montana
 North Dakota
 Manitoba
 Elk Point Group
SNSalt and anhydrite beds that form upper unit of Elk Point Group. Subsurface. Also search Prairie Formation NOT Louisiana. For Pleistocene formation in Louisiana, search Prairie Formation AND Louisiana.
prairies  search
RTecology
 grasslands
 plains
 revegetation
 steppes
SNAdded to Thesaurus in 1993.
Prakasam India  search
BTAsia
 .Indian Peninsula
 ..India
 ...Andhra Pradesh India
 ....Prakasam India
RTheavy mineral deposits
SNAndhra Pradesh, India. Heavy mineral deposits.
Pranhita-Godavari Valley  search
BTAsia
 .Indian Peninsula
 ..India
 ...Pranhita-Godavari Valley
RTAndhra Pradesh India
 Godavari Valley
 Maharashtra India
SNCombined valleys of the Pranhita and Godavari river systems. Indexed with states as applicable.
praseodymium  search
BTmetals
 .rare earths
 ..praseodymium
UFPr
prasinite  search
USEgreenschist
Pratt County Kansas  search
BTUnited States
 .Kansas
 ..Pratt County Kansas
SNS Kansas.
Prbram Czech Republic  search
USEPribram Czech Republic
Pre-Cambrian  search
USEPrecambrian
pre-Neanderthal  search
SNNo longer a valid term for GeoRef. See Hominidae.
Prealps  search
BTEurope
 .Alps
 ..Prealps
UFAlpine Foreland
RTItaly
SNMostly in Italy.
Prebetic Zone  search
BTEurope
 .Southern Europe
 ..Iberian Peninsula
 ...Spain
 ....Prebetic Zone
RTBetic Cordillera
 Subbetic Zone
SNA geographic term with stratigraphic-tectonic connotations.
Preble County Ohio  search
BTUnited States
 .Ohio
 ..Preble County Ohio
Preboreal  search
BTlocene
 .Preboreal
UFSubarctic
RTBoreal
SNEurope. An interval of postglacial time following the Younger Dryas of the late-glacial Arctic interval and preceding the Boreal.
Precambrian  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Precambrian
NTArchean
 Proterozoic
 Acungui Group
 Adirondack Anorthosite
 Animikie Group
 Anshan Group
 Assyntic Orogeny
 Avalonian Orogeny
 Baltimore Gneiss
 Bijawar System
 Biwabik Iron Formation
 Brockman Iron Formation
 Carrizo Mountain Formation
 Catoctin Formation
 Central Rand Group
 Changcheng System
 Changzhougou Formation
 Chelmsford Formation
 Chuanlinggou Formation
 Chuar Group
 Cuddapah System
 Delhi Supergroup
 Eocambrian
 Espanola Formation
 Fig Tree Series
 Flinton Group
 Fortescue Group
 Great Smoky Group
 Grenvillian Orogeny
 Gunflint Iron Formation
 Hamersley Group
 Harbour Main Group
 Hazel Formation
 Hecla Hoek Formation
 Hudsonian Orogeny
 Idaho Springs Formation
 Johnnie Formation
 Jupiter Member
 Kaladgi System
 Katangan Orogeny
 Kenoran Orogeny
 Kingston Peak Formation
 Kisseynew Complex
 Knife Lake Group
 Ladoga Series
 Laramie anorthosite complex
 Levack Gneiss
 Lewisian Complex
 Luoquan Formation
 middle Precambrian
 Minas Series
 Missi Group
 Nipissing Diabase
 Nokomis Group
 Nonesuch Shale
 Noonday Dolomite
 North Shore Volcanics
 Onverwacht Group
 Osler Series
 Pahrump Series
 Pelona Schist
 Penokean Orogeny
 Penrhyn Slate
 Pongola Supergroup
 Prichard Formation
 Prince Albert Group
 Purcell System
 Roan Supergroup
 Sandia Granite
 Sherridon Group
 Sioux Quartzite
 Sokoman Formation
 Stillwater Complex
 Stirling Quartzite
 Sveconorwegian Orogeny
 Swaziland Sequence
 Swaziland System
 Transvaal Supergroup
 Twilight Gneiss
 Uinta Mountain Group
 Unkar Group
 upper Precambrian
 Vadito Group
 Ventersdorp Supergroup
 Wasekwan Group
 Waterberg System
 Wilcox Formation
 Witwatersrand Supergroup
 Wyman Formation
 Yellowjacket Formation
UFPre-Cambrian
RTKurnool System
 Ballachulish Complex
 Cadomian Orogeny
 Baikalian Phase
 Dalradian
 Bhander Group
 Limpopo Belt
 Deer Lake Group
 Dore Lake Complex
 Duluth Complex
 Hector Formation
 Highland Complex
 Jacobsville Sandstone
 Kaimur Sandstone
 Lardeau Group
 Middle Run Fo
SNAs of 1981, Archean is used for lower Precambrian.
Precambrian Shield  search
USECanadian Shield
precession  search
RTMilankovitch theory
 motions
 obliquity of the ecliptic
 processes
SNUsed as a general term.
precious metals  search
BTmetals
 .precious metals
RTgeochemistry
 base metals
 alkali metals
 metal ores
 heavy metals
 chemical elements
 electrum
SNIncludes gold, silver, platinum group.
precipitation  search
RTatmospheric precipitation
 chemically precipitated rocks
 crystallization
 evaporite deposits
 evaporites
 hydrology
 particles
 geochemistry
 rivers and streams
 runoff
 sedimentation
 storms
 water
SNAs of 1978, term refers to geochemistry. For meteorology, use atmospheric precipitation.
precision  search
RTaccuracy
 errors
 instruments
 measurement
 methods
 quality control
 reliability
 techniques
SNUse restricted to occurrences where it is a major concept. Also see accuracy. Added to Thesaurus in 1993.
Precordillera  search
BTSouth America
 .Precordillera
RTArgentina
 Chile
SNIndexed with countries and regions as applicable.
precursors  search
RTacoustical emissions
 earthquake prediction
 radon emanometry
 seismology
 stress drops
 VAN method
predation  search
RTbioerosion
 carnivorous taxa
 diet
 feeding
 nutrition
 paleontology
 trophic analysis
SNAdded to Thesaurus in 1985.
predators  search
RTecology
 paleoecology
SNAdded to Thesaurus in 1989.
Predazzo Italy  search
BTEurope
 .Southern Europe
 ..Italy
 ...Trentino-Alto Adige Italy
 ....Predazzo Italy
SNCity and resort in Dolomites in S Trento-Alto Adige, NE Italy.
prediction  search
RTchaos
 extrapolation
 maximum likelihood
SNAs of 1993, use earthquake prediction if applicable.
prediction maps  search
BTmaps
 .prediction maps
RTeconomics
 possibilities
 reserves
SNAdded to Thesaurus in 1981.
preferential flow  search
RTbreakthrough curves
 connectivity
 fractured materials
 ground water
 hydraulics
 hydrodynamics
 layered materials
 leaching
 movement
 patterns
 permeability
 porous materials
 saturated zone
 solute transport
 transmissivity
 unsaturated zone
SNAlso search double porosity if applicable. See transport. Added to Thesaurus in 1995.
preferred orientation  search
RTfabric
 lineation
 orientation
 petrofabrics
 structural analysis
 tectonite
prehistory  search
SNNot a valid GeoRef index term after 1970. See archaeology; anthropology.
prehnite  search
BTsilicates
 .sheet silicates
 ..prehnite
RTaluminosilicates
prehnite-pumpellyite facies  search
BTfacies
 .prehnite-pumpellyite facies
RTmetamorphic rocks
premonitory phenomena  search
SNAs of 1981, no longer a valid term for GeoRef. Use precursors.
Prentiss County Mississippi  search
BTUnited States
 .Mississippi
 ..Prentiss County Mississippi
preobrazhenskite  search
BTborates
 .preobrazhenskite
preparation  search
RTsample preparation
SNUse sample preparation where applicable.
pres  search
Prescott County Ontario  search
BTCanada
 .Eastern Canada
 ..Ontario
 ...Prescott County Ontario
preservation  search
RTcuration
 geologic sites
 Lagerstatten
 land use
 regulations
 soft parts
 taphonomy
Presidente Vargas  search
SNNot a valid term for GeoRef. See Itabira Brazil.
Presidio County Texas  search
BTUnited States
 .Texas
 ..Presidio County Texas
SNExtreme W Texas.
Presque Isle  search
BTUnited States
 .Pennsylvania
 ..Erie County Pennsylvania
 ...Presque Isle
SNAs of 1989, used only for the small peninsula in Lake Erie in NW Pennsylvania. For the city in Aroostook County, Maine, use Presque Isle Maine. For the county in NE Michigan, use Presque Isle County Michigan.
Presque Isle County Michigan  search
BTUnited States
 .Michigan
 ..Michigan Lower Peninsula
 ...Presque Isle County Michigan
SNNE Michigan.
Presque Isle Maine  search
BTUnited States
 .Maine
 ..Aroostook County Maine
 ...Presque Isle Maine
SNCity in N Maine.
pressure  search
NThigh pressure
 low pressure
RTatmospheric pressure
 capillary pressure
 compression
 confining pressure
 decompaction
 decompression
 deformation
 earth pressure
 fluid inclusions
 fluid pressure
 geopressure
 hydraulic pressure
 hydrostatic pressure
 isochores
 lithostatic pressure
 load pressure
 P
pressure meters  search
USEpressuremeters
pressure solution  search
RTdiagenesis
 solution
pressure wave  search
USEP-waves
pressuremeter tests  search
RTinstruments
 pressuremeters
SNAdded to Thesaurus in 1993.
pressuremeters  search
UFpiezometers
 pressure meters
RTinstruments
 hydrophones
 pressure
 surface tension
 minipermeameters
 pressuremeter tests
 transducers
SNAdded to Thesaurus in 1985.
prestack migration  search
BTseismic migration
 .prestack migration
UFprestack seismic migration
RTseismic methods
 dip moveout
 migration
 stacking
 poststack migration
 three-dimensional methods
SNAdded to Thesaurus in 1998.
prestack seismic migration  search
USEprestack migration
Preston County West Virginia  search
BTUnited States
 .West Virginia
 ..Preston County West Virginia
SNN West Virginia.
Preston Peak  search
RTKlamath Mountains
 Siskiyou County California
SNIn Siskiyou Mountains in Siskiyou County in extreme N California. Indexed with county and Klamath Mountains as applicable.
Presumpscot Formation  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Phanerozoic
 ..Cenozoic
 ...Quarternary
 ....Pleistocene
 .....Presumpscot Formation
RTNew Hampshire
 Maine
SNMaine and SE New Hampshire. Added to Thesaurus in 1989.
Pretoria Group  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Precambrian
 ..Proterozoic
 ...Pretoria Group
RTSouth Africa
 Botswana
 Transvaal Supergroup
SNProterozoic. South Africa and Botswana. In Transvaal Supergroup. Added to Thesaurus in 1993.
Pretoria South Africa  search
BTAfrica
 .Southern Africa
 ..South Africa
 ...Guateng South Africa
 ....Pretoria South Africa
RTimpact features
SNNE South Africa.
prevention  search
SNA valid general term through mid-1978.
preventive measures  search
RTaquifer vulnerability
 beach nourishment
 environmental geology
 mitigation
 public awareness
 safety
SNBefore 1998, also search mitigation if applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1981.
Priabonian  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Phanerozoic
 ..Cenozoic
 ...Paleogene
 ....Eocene
 .....Priabonian
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Phanerozoic
 ..Cenozoic
 ...Paleogene
 ....Eocene
 .....upper Eocene
 ......Priabonian
RTBartonian
 Auversian
 Ludian
SNEurope.
Priapulida  search
BTInvertebrata
 .Vermes
 ..Priapulida
Pribram Czech Republic  search
BTEurope
 .Central Europe
 ..Czech Republic
 ...Bohemia
 ....Pribram Czech Republic
UFPrbram Czech Republic
SNCity SW of Prague in central Bohemia. Before 1995, Pribram Czechoslovakia was also used.
price  search
RTcost
 economics
SNAdded to Thesaurus in 1981.
Price County Wisconsin  search
BTUnited States
 .Wisconsin
 ..Price County Wisconsin
Price Formation  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Phanerozoic
 ..Paleozoic
 ...Carboniferous
 ....Mississippian
 .....Price Formation
RTVirginia
SNIncludes Cloyd Conglomerate Member. SW Virginia.
Price River basin  search
RTColorado Plateau
 Utah
SNCentral Utah. May also occur in other locations. Indexed with counties and/or Utah or regions as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1985.
Price River Formation  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Phanerozoic
 ..Mesozoic
 ...Cretaceous
 ....Upper Cretaceous
 .....Price River Formation
RTUtah
 Colorado
 Mesaverde Group
 Castlegate Sandstone
SNIn Mesaverde Group. Central and E central Utah and W central Wyoming. Added to Thesaurus in 1985.
Prichard Formation  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Precambrian
 ..Prichard Formation
RTIdaho
 Montana
 Belt Supergroup
SNBelt Supergroup. NE Idaho and NW Montana.
Pride Mountain Formation  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Phanerozoic
 ..Paleozoic
 ...Carboniferous
 ....Mississippian
 .....Upper Mississippian
 ......Pride Mountain Formation
RTMississippi
 Alabama
SNWarrior Basin, N Alabama and NE Mississippi.
priderite  search
BToxides
 .priderite
RTiron oxides
Pridolian  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Phanerozoic
 ..Paleozoic
 ...Silurian
 ....Upper Silurian
 .....Pridolian
SNEurope.
Priduli  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Phanerozoic
 ..Paleozoic
 ...Silurian
 ....Priduli
Prikumsk Russian Federation  search
BTCommonwealth of Independent States
 .Russian Federation
 ..Stavropol Russian Federation
 ...Prikumsk Russian Federation
UFBudennovsk Russian Federation
SNCity in Stavropol Kray in the Northern Caucasus. Before 1993, Prikumsk Russian Republic was also used. This term has multiple hierarchies.
primary dispersion  search
RTdispersion patterns
 mineral exploration
 secondary dispersion
SNBefore 1978, search primary AND dispersion.
primary magnetization  search
BTmagnetization
 .primary magnetization
RTcharacteristic remanent magnetization
SNAdded to Thesaurus in 1981.
primary migration  search
RTmigration
 petroleum
SNFor migration of elastic waves use seismic migration. Added to Thesaurus in 1985.
primary structures  search
BTsedimentary structures
 .primary structures
RTsecondary structures
 ball-and-pillow
 bedding
 ripple marks
primary wave  search
USEP-waves
Primates  search
BTChordata
 .Vertebrata
 ..Tetrapoda
 ...Mammalia
 ....Theria
 .....Eutheria
 ......Primates
NTHominidae
 Prosimii
 simians
RTfossil man
SNOrder.
Primorski Krai  search
USEPrimorye Russian Federation
Primorye Russian Federation  search
BTCommonwealth of Independent States
 .Russian Federation
 ..Primorye Russian Federation
BTAsia
 .Primorye Russian Federation
NTKavalerovo Russian Federation
 Tetyukhe Russian Federation
 Vladivostok Russian Federation
UFMaritime Kray
 Primorski Krai
RTRussian Far East
 Barabash Suite
 Tatar Strait
 Sikhote-Alin Range
 Suchan Basin
SNPrimorye Kray (territory). New name for Primorski Krai which is the SE section of the Russian Far East between NE China and the Japan Sea. Before 1993, Primorye Russian Republic was also used. This term has multiple hierarchies.
Prince Albert Group  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Precambrian
 ..Prince Albert Group
RTCanada
 Saskatchewan
Prince Charles Mountains  search
BTAntarctica
 .Prince Charles Mountains
SNIn Mac-Robertson Land near the Amery Ice Shelf on Indian Ocean side.
Prince County Prince Edward Island  search
BTCanada
 .Eastern Canada
 ..Maritime Provinces
 ...Prince Edward Island
 ....Prince County Prince Edward Island
Prince Edward County Ontario  search
BTCanada
 .Eastern Canada
 ..Ontario
 ...Prince Edward County Ontario
Prince Edward County Virginia  search
BTUnited States
 .Virginia
 ..Prince Edward County Virginia
Prince Edward Island  search
BTCanada
 .Eastern Canada
 ..Maritime Provinces
 ...Prince Edward Island
NTKings County Prince Edward Island
 Prince County Prince Edward Island
 Queens County Prince Edward Island
RTCumberland Basin
 Cardigan Bay
 Northumberland Strait
 Pictou Group
SNAs of 1993, restricted to the island in the Gulf of Saint Lawrence constituting a Canadian province. For the island in the Indian Ocean, see Prince Edward Island Group.
Prince Edward Island Group  search
BTIndian Ocean Islands
 .Prince Edward Island Group
UFPrince Edward Islands
SNSE Indian Ocean. Territory of South Africa. Added to Thesaurus in 1993.
Prince Edward Islands  search
USEPrince Edward Island Group
Prince George County Virginia  search
BTUnited States
 .Virginia
 ..Prince George County Virginia
Prince Georges County Maryland  search
BTUnited States
 .Maryland
 ..Prince Georges County Maryland
SNCentral Maryland.
Prince of Wales Island  search
RTAlaska
 Alexander Archipelago
 Franklin District Northwest Territories
 Northwest Territories
 Southern Alaska
SNLargest island of Alexander Archipelago in SE Alaska, W of Ketchikan; and an island between Victoria and Somerset islands in Franklin District, Northwest Territories. Indexed with Southeastern Alaska and/or Northwest Territories as applicable.
Prince Olaf Coast  search
USEPrince Olav Coast
Prince Olav Coast  search
BTAntarctica
 .Enderby Land
 ..Prince Olav Coast
UFPrince Olaf Coast
RTQueen Maud Land
 Lutzow-Holm Bay
 Syowa Station
SNCoast of Enderby Land, Antarctica, bordering the Indian Ocean. Added to Thesaurus in 1989.
Prince Rupert British Columbia  search
BTCanada
 .Western Canada
 ..British Columbia
 ...Prince Rupert British Columbia
SNCity in W British Columbia on Kaien Island in Chatham Sound near extreme SE Alaska.
Prince William County Virginia  search
BTUnited States
 .Virginia
 ..Prince William County Virginia
SNN Virginia. Also search Manassas Virginia and/or Manassas Park Virginia if applicable.
Prince William Sound  search
BTUnited States
 .Alaska
 ..Southern Alaska
 ...Prince William Sound
RTExxon Valdez oil spill
 Montague Island
SNInlet of Gulf of Alaska E of Kenai Peninsula.
Prince William Terrane  search
BTUnited States
 .Alaska
 ..Prince William Terrane
RTCoast Belt
SNS Alaska. Added to Thesaurus in 1989.
Princess Anne County Virginia  search
SNNo longer a valid term for GeoRef. Now included in the independent city of Virginia Beach Virginia.
Princeton  search
SNNo longer a valid term for GeoRef. As of 1993, use Princeton British Columbia for the village in S British Columbia, in the Cascade Range. As of 1989, use Princeton New Jersey for the borough in New Jersey.
Princeton British Columbia  search
BTCanada
 .Western Canada
 ..British Columbia
 ...Princeton British Columbia
SNVillage in S British Columbia, in the Cascade Range.
Princeton New Jersey  search
BTUnited States
 .New Jersey
 ..Mercer County New Jersey
 ...Princeton New Jersey
SNBorough in W central New Jersey.
principal components analysis  search
BTstatistical analysis
 .principal components analysis
RTcomponents
SNAdded to Thesaurus in 1981.
Principe  search
BTAtlantic Ocean Islands
 .Sao Tome e Principe
 ..Principe
RTSao Tome
SNIsland in Gulf of Guinea. Formerly Portuguese territory, now part of independent nation Sao Tome e Principe. Added to Thesaurus in 1985.
principles  search
RTgeology
Pripet Basin  search
BTEurope
 .Pripet Basin
BTCommonwealth of Independent States
 .Pripet Basin
UFPripet Depression
 Pripyat Basin
RTUkraine
 Belarus
 Polesye
SNRiver basin most of which comprises the Pripet or Pinsk Marshes which is the largest tract of swamp in Europe. Largely coextensive with Polesye Lowland. Also search Pripet. This term has multiple hierarchies. Indexed with former Soviet republics as applic
Pripet Depression  search
USEPripet Basin
Pripyat Basin  search
USEPripet Basin
prismatine  search
USEkornerupine
pristane  search
BTorganic compounds
 .hydrocarbons
 ..aliphatic hydrocarbons
 ...alkanes
 ....pristane
SNAdded to Thesaurus in 1985.
Privas France  search
BTEurope
 .Western Europe
 ..France
 ...Ardeche France
 ....Privas France
SNTown in E Ardeche, SE central France.
probability  search
BTstatistical analysis
 .probability
RTreliability
 mathematical geology
 mathematical methods
 chaos
 stochastic processes
 sampling
 maximum likelihood
 uncertainty
 extrapolation
probe permeameters  search
USEminipermeameters
probe, electron  search
USEelectron probe
probe, ion  search
USEion probe
probe, laser  search
USElaser methods
probe, neutron  search
USEneutron probe
problematic  search
SNA valid index term through 1977 used in combination with fossils (i.e. fossils, problematic). After 1977, use problematic fossils.
problematic fossils  search
NTCalcisphaerulidae
 Dacryoconarida
 problematic microfossils
UFproblematical fossils
RTpaleontology
 fossils
 Stromatoporoidea
 chemical fossils
 fossilization
 nannofossils
 miscellanea
 Receptaculitaceae
 Hyolithes
 Tentaculites
 Tentaculitida
 Tentaculitidae
SNBefore 1978, also search fossils AND (problematical OR problematic OR problematic organisms). Before 1981, Hyolithidae was included as a narrower term, now see Hyolithes. Before 1981 Receptaculitaceae was included as a narrower term.
problematic microfossils  search
BTmicrofossils
 .problematic microfossils
BTproblematic fossils
 .problematic microfossils
NTBolboforma
 Tubiphytes
RTmiscellanea
SNThis term has multiple hierarchies.
problematic palynomorphs  search
BTpalynomorphs
 .problematic palynomorphs
RTmicrofossils
SNIndexed with problematic microfossils if applicable.
problematical fossils  search
USEproblematic fossils
problems  search
SNA valid general term through mid-1978.
Proboscidea  search
BTChordata
 .Vertebrata
 ..Tetrapoda
 ...Mammalia
 ....Theria
 .....Eutheria
 ......Proboscidea
NTBarytherioidea
 Deinotherioidea
 Elephantoidea
 Gomphotheriidae
 Mastodontoidea
 Moeritherioidea
SNOrder.
procaryotes  search
USEprokaryotes
processes  search
RTadsorption
 advection
 aggradation
 albitization
 alteration
 alunitization
 amphibolitization
 argillization
 aromatization
 atectonic processes
 autometamorphism
 bauxitization
 bioerosion
 biomineralization
 brecciation
 burial
 calcification
 calcitization
 carbonatiza
Proconsul  search
BTChordata
 .Vertebrata
 ..Tetrapoda
 ...Mammalia
 ....Theria
 .....Eutheria
 ......Primates
 .......simians
 ........Pongidae
 .........Proconsul
RTDryopithecus
 Sivapithecus
SNGenus.
production  search
RTaromatization
 beneficiation
 economics
 exploitation
 offshore
 onshore
 optimization
 ore grade
 pelletization
 production control
 production value
 productive capacity
 pumping
 smelters
 tonnage
 water wells
SNWhen referring to mining geology before May 1978, also search extraction. See tonnage if applicable. May be used with commodity terms, e.g. petroleum.
production control  search
UFcontrol, production
RTmining geology
 production
 technology
production value  search
RTeconomics
 production
SNAdded to Thesaurus in 1981.
productive capacity  search
RTeconomics
 evaluation
 exploitation
 mineral economics
 ore grade
 production
 resources
SNAdded to Thesaurus in 1981.
productivity  search
RTbiomass
 ecology
 economics
 paleoecology
SNBefore 1995, also search paleoproductivity if applicable.
products  search
SNA valid general term through mid-1978.
Proetidae  search
BTInvertebrata
 .Arthropoda
 ..Trilobitomorpha
 ...Trilobita
 ....Ptychopariida
 .....Proetidae
SNFamily.
professional registration  search
USEregistration
profiles  search
SNAs of 1981, no longer a valid term for GeoRef. See cross sections; geophysical profiles; soil profiles; geochemical profiles; beach profiles.
profitability  search
RTcutoff grade
 economics
SNAdded to Thesaurus in 1981.
Proganosauria  search
SNAs of 1993, no longer a valid term for GeoRef.
progradation  search
RTlittoral drift
 sedimentation
 shore features
prograde metamorphism  search
BTmetamorphism
 .prograde metamorphism
RTBarrovian-type deposits
 retrograde metamorphism
 epizonal metamorphism
 polymetamorphism
SNBefore 1978, also search metamorphism AND prograde.
Program for Array Seismic Studies of the Continental Lithosphere  search
USEPASSCAL
Program Voyager  search
USEVoyager Program
programming languages  search
USEcomputer languages
programs  search
UFprojects
RTassociations
 education
 computer programs
 KTB
 mineral exploration
 IGBP
 BRIM
 computers
 Continental Scientific Drilling Program
 CUSMAP
 Dry Valley Drilling Project
 European Geotraverse
 INDEPTH
 GISP2
 GRIP
 GLIMPCE
 International Lithosphere Program
 IRIS network
progress report  search
BTreport
 .progress report
RTassociations
 annual report
 current research
 survey organizations
 symposia
 research
Project Voyager  search
USEVoyager Program
projects  search
USEprograms
prokaryotes  search
UFMonera
 procaryotes
RTbiologic evolution
 Plantae
 cyanobacteria
 Protista
 thallophytes
 bacteria
 paleobotany
 eukaryotes
SNMember of group of organisms which have no vesicular nucleus or membrane-bounded organelles. Groups included are cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) and bacteria.
Prokopyevsk Russian Federation  search
BTCommonwealth of Independent States
 .Russian Federation
 ..Kemerovo Russian Federation
 ...Prokopyevsk Russian Federation
SNCity at S end of Kuznetsk Basin in Kemerovo Oblast in S Siberia. Before 1993, Prokopyevsk Russian Republic was also used. This term has multiple hierarchies.
Prolecanitida  search
BTInvertebrata
 .Mollusca
 ..Cephalopoda
 ...Tetrabranchiata
 ....Ammonoidea
 .....Prolecanitida
proluvium  search
BTsediments
 .clastic sediments
 ..proluvium
prometheum  search
USEpromethium
promethium  search
BTmetals
 .rare earths
 ..promethium
UFPm
 prometheum
propagation  search
RTeikonal equation
 elastic waves
 electromagnetic waves
 ocean waves
 seismic coherency
 seismology
 shock waves
 wave splitting
 waves
SNAs of 1993, use emplacement with intrusions.
propane  search
BTorganic compounds
 .hydrocarbons
 ..aliphatic hydrocarbons
 ...alkanes
 ....propane
RTdibromochloropropane
SNAdded to Thesaurus in 1985.
properties  search
RTacoustical properties
 behavior
 bioavailability
 brightness
 bulk density
 chemical properties
 connectivity
 constitutive equations
 dielectric properties
 dispersivity
 dynamic properties
 elastic properties
 elastodynamic properties
 electrical properties
 electroc
Propria Geosyncline  search
BTSouth America
 .Brazil
 ..Sergipe Brazil
 ...Propria Geosyncline
RTgeosynclines
SNIn Propria region of Sergipe State, on the lower Sao Francisco River near the Atlantic Ocean.
propylite  search
BTmetamorphic rocks
 .metasomatic rocks
 ..propylite
RTandesites
 propylitization
propylitization  search
BTmetasomatism
 .propylitization
RTprocesses
 hydrothermal alteration
 propylite
Prosimii  search
BTChordata
 .Vertebrata
 ..Tetrapoda
 ...Mammalia
 ....Theria
 .....Eutheria
 ......Primates
 .......Prosimii
NTAdapidae
 Omomyidae
Prosobranchia  search
BTInvertebrata
 .Mollusca
 ..Gastropoda
 ...Prosobranchia
prosopite  search
BThalides
 .fluorides
 ..prosopite
Prospect Mountain Quartzite  search
USEStirling Quartzite
prospecting  search
SNAs of 1981, no longer a valid term for GeoRef. Use exploration or mineral exploration as applicable. After 1992, also see coal exploration or petroleum exploration.
PROSPECTOR  search
RTexpert systems
 geographic information systems
 mineral exploration
SNComputer-based consultation system for mineral exploration. Search in conjunction with data AND processing. Added to Thesaurus in 1989.
protactinium  search
BTmetals
 .actinides
 ..protactinium
NTPa-231
UFPa
protection  search
RTaquifer vulnerability
 beach nourishment
 conservation
 environmental geology
 geologic sites
 pollution
 reclamation
 regulations
 Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
 water quality
 wellhead protection
SNAdded to Thesaurus in 1985.
proteins  search
BTorganic compounds
 .proteins
NTcollagen
 conchiolin
 enzymes
 purines
RTamino acids
 RNA
 peptides
Proterozoic  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Precambrian
 ..Proterozoic
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Precambrian
 ..upper Precambrian
 ...Proterozoic
NTPaleoproterozoic
 Mesoproterozoic
 Neoproterozoic
 Adelaidean
 Algonkian
 Athabasca Formation
 Badami Series
 Bambui Group
 Banded Gneissic Complex
 Baraga Group
 Bitter Springs Formation
 Cahill Formation
 Coldbrook Group
 Damara System
 Dedham Granodiorite
 Huronian
 Hutuo Group
 Karelian Orogeny
 Keweenawan
 Kibaran Orogeny
 Kombolgie Formation
 Kunyang Group
 Kursk Series
 Lewisian
 Lorrain Formation
 Malmani Subgroup
 Miette Group
 Negaunee Iron Formation
 Oronto Group
 Ortega Group
 Ovruch Series
 Pan-African Orogeny
 Pocatello Formation
 Pretoria Group
 Sinian
 Tapley Hill Formation
 Udokan Series
 Umberatana Group
 Windermere System
 Wolkberg Group
 Wopmay Orogeny
UFAgnotozoic
RTYudomian
 Lewisian Complex
 Hoosac Formation
 Krol Formation
 New York City Group
 Harney Peak Granite
 Klodzko Unit
 Shuswap Complex
 Tallulah Falls Formation
 Middle Run Formation
 Yellow Aster Complex
 Sveconorwegian Orogeny
Proteutheria  search
BTChordata
 .Vertebrata
 ..Tetrapoda
 ...Mammalia
 ....Theria
 .....Eutheria
 ......Insectivora
 .......Proteutheria
NTAnagalida
 Scandentia
SNSuborder.
Protista  search
BTInvertebrata
 .Protista
NTebridians
 Foraminifera
 Radiolaria
 Silicoflagellata
 Thecamoeba
 Tintinnidae
RTmicrofossils
 algae
 microorganisms
 plankton
 bacteria
 prokaryotes
 Metazoa
 zooxanthellae
SNBefore 1976, also search Protozoa. Before 1998, microfossils was a broader term. Indexed with microfossils if applicable.
Proto-Atlantic Ocean  search
USEIapetus
Protochordata  search
BTChordata
 .Protochordata
protodolomite  search
BTcarbonates
 .protodolomite
protoenstatite  search
BTsilicates
 .chain silicates
 ..pyroxene group
 ...orthopyroxene
 ....protoenstatite
RTenstatite
SNArtificial mineral.
protoliths  search
UFparent rocks
RTigneous rocks
 metamorphic rocks
 metamorphism
 parent bodies
proton-induced X-ray emission  search
USEparticle-induced X-ray emission
protons  search
RTcosmic rays
 electrons
 particle-induced X-ray emission
SNUsed as a general term.
Protopivskaya Formation  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Phanerozoic
 ..Mesozoic
 ...Triassic
 ....Upper Triassic
 .....Protopivskaya Formation
RTRussian Federation
 Ukraine
 Donets Basin
SNCentral Ukraine and NW Donets Basin.
protoplanets  search
USEplanetesimals
protoquartzite  search
USEsublitharenite
Protorthoptera  search
BTInvertebrata
 .Arthropoda
 ..Mandibulata
 ...Insecta
 ....Pterygota
 .....Neoptera
 ......Exopterygota
 .......Protorthoptera
SNOrder.
Protozoa  search
SNAfter 1976, use Protista.
proustite  search
BTsulfosalts
 .sulfarsenites
 ..proustite
provenance  search
UFsource areas
 source regions
 source terrains
 source terranes
 sourceland
RTsedimentation
 sedimentary rocks
 sediments
 genesis
 paleocurrents
 relict materials
Provence  search
BTEurope
 .Western Europe
 ..France
 ...Provence
RTBouches-du-Rhone France
 Alpes-de-Haute Provence France
 Provence Alps
 Alpes-Maritimes France
 Vaucluse France
 Var France
 Sainte-Baume Massif
SNHistorical region in SE France. Indexed with departments as applicable.
Provence Alps  search
BTEurope
 .Western Europe
 ..France
 ...Provence Alps
BTEurope
 .Alps
 ..Western Alps
 ...Provence Alps
RTAlpes-de-Haute Provence France
 Provence
 Alpes-Maritimes France
 Maritime Alps
 Var France
 Sainte-Baume Massif
SNIn SE Provence. This term has multiple hierarchies. Indexed with departments as applicable.
Providence County Rhode Island  search
BTUnited States
 .Rhode Island
 ..Providence County Rhode Island
NTCumberland Rhode Island
SNN Rhode Island.
provinces  search
SNA valid general term through 1976. See specific term, e.g. metallogenic provinces, physiographic provinces, etc.
provinces, faunal  search
USEfaunal provinces
provinces, floral  search
USEfloral provinces
provinces, ground-water  search
USEground-water provinces
provinces, metallogenic  search
USEmetallogenic provinces
provinces, physiographic  search
USEphysiographic provinces
provincialism  search
USEprovinciality
provinciality  search
UFprovincialism
RTecology
 paleoecology
 fossils
SNUsed mostly for fossils.
Provo Utah  search
BTUnited States
 .Utah
 ..Utah County Utah
 ...Provo Utah
SNCity on Provo River and SSE of Salt Lake City in N central Utah.
Prowers County Colorado  search
BTUnited States
 .Colorado
 ..Prowers County Colorado
Prudhoe Bay  search
BTUnited States
 .Alaska
 ..Northern Alaska
 ...Prudhoe Bay
RTNorth Slope
 Prudhoe Bay Field
SNInlet of the Arctic Ocean on the North Slope.
Prudhoe Bay Field  search
BTUnited States
 .Alaska
 ..Northern Alaska
 ...Prudhoe Bay Field
RToil and gas fields
 North Slope
 Ivishak Formation
 Prudhoe Bay
SNNorth Slope of Alaska. Added to Thesaurus in 1985.
Prut River  search
BTEurope
 .Prut River
UFPruth River
RTRomania
 Ukraine
 Moldavia
 Moldova
 Dniester-Prut Interfluve
SNRises in W central Carpathians and flows into Danube River below Galati. Also search Prut. Indexed with Romania and former Soviet republics as applicable.
Pruth River  search
USEPrut River
Prydz Bay  search
BTAntarctic Ocean
 .Prydz Bay
RTLeg 119
 ODP Site 739
 ODP Site 740
 ODP Site 741
 ODP Site 742
 ODP Site 743
SNOff Amery ice shelf, Antarctic Ocean. Added to Thesaurus in 1993.
Przemsyl Poland  search
USEPrzemysl Poland
Przemysl Poland  search
BTEurope
 .Central Europe
 ..Poland
 ...Przemysl Poland
UFPeremyshl Poland
 Przemsyl Poland
RTGalitsiya
SNProvince and city near Ukrainian border in SE Poland.