Search SEDIS
| Data sets | Publications | Expeditions | Thesaurus |
Ra  | |
|---|---|
| USE | radium |
| Ra-226 | |
|---|---|
| BT | isotopes |
| .radioactive isotopes | |
| ..Ra-226 | |
| BT | metals |
| .alkaline earth metals | |
| ..radium | |
| ...Ra-226 | |
| RT | Ra-228/Ra-226 |
| SN | This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| Ra-226/Th-230 | |
|---|---|
| USE | Th-230/Ra-226 |
| Ra-228 | |
|---|---|
| BT | isotopes |
| .radioactive isotopes | |
| ..Ra-228 | |
| BT | metals |
| .alkaline earth metals | |
| ..radium | |
| ...Ra-228 | |
| RT | Ra-228/Ra-226 |
| SN | This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| Ra-228/Ra-226 | |
|---|---|
| BT | isotopes |
| .radioactive isotopes | |
| ..Ra-228/Ra-226 | |
| BT | metals |
| .alkaline earth metals | |
| ..radium | |
| ...Ra-228/Ra-226 | |
| RT | isotope ratios |
| Ra-226 | |
| Ra-228 | |
| SN | This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| Raasay | |
|---|---|
| BT | brides |
| .Inner Hebrides | |
| ..Raasay | |
| BT | ghland region Scotland |
| .Inverness-shire Scotland | |
| ..Raasay | |
| SN | Island of the Inner Hebrides NE of Isle of Skye off NW Scotland. This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| Rabat | |
|---|---|
| SN | No longer a valid term for GeoRef. |
| Rabat Morocco | |
|---|---|
| BT | Africa |
| .North Africa | |
| ..Morocco | |
| ...Rabat Morocco | |
| SN | City on the Atlantic Ocean in NW Morocco. |
| Rabaul Caldera | |
|---|---|
| BT | Australasia |
| .Papua New Guinea | |
| ..Bismarck Archipelago | |
| ...Rabaul Caldera | |
| RT | New Britain |
| SN | On New Britain Island. |
| Rabbit Lake Deposit | |
|---|---|
| BT | Canada |
| .Western Canada | |
| ..Saskatchewan | |
| ...Rabbit Lake Deposit | |
| RT | uranium ores |
| Rabbit Lake Saskatchewan | |
| SN | Uranium deposit in central Saskatchewan. Before 1993, also search Rabbit Lake Saskatchewan and uranium ores. Added to Thesaurus in 1993. |
| Rabbit Lake Saskatchewan | |
|---|---|
| BT | Canada |
| .Western Canada | |
| ..Saskatchewan | |
| ...Rabbit Lake Saskatchewan | |
| RT | Rabbit Lake Deposit |
| SN | Town. Location of uranium deposit in central Saskatchewan. |
| Rabun County Georgia | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Georgia | |
| ..Rabun County Georgia | |
| SN | Extreme NE Georgia. |
| racemization | |
|---|---|
| RT | amino acids |
| aminostratigraphy | |
| epimerization | |
| geochronology | |
| relative age | |
| SN | For the age method, also index amino acids and relative age as applicable. |
| Racha | |
|---|---|
| RT | Georgian Republic |
| Greater Caucasus | |
| Racha earthquake 1991 | |
| SN | Region of the Greater Caucasus, N Georgian Republic. May also be used in other locations. Search in combination with country. Indexed with Greater Caucasus and/or Georgian Republic as applicable. |
| Racha earthquake 1991 | |
|---|---|
| BT | earthquakes |
| .Racha earthquake 1991 | |
| RT | Georgian Republic |
| Greater Caucasus | |
| Racha | |
| SN | Epicenter in Greater Caucasus, N central Georgian Republic. |
| Raciborz Poland | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Central Europe | |
| ..Poland | |
| ...Katowice Poland | |
| ....Raciborz Poland | |
| UF | Ratibor Poland |
| SN | City on Oder River in SW Katowice, S Poland. |
| Racine County Wisconsin | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Wisconsin | |
| ..Racine County Wisconsin | |
| RT | Root River |
| SN | Extreme SE Wisconsin. |
| Racine Dolomite | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Paleozoic | |
| ...Silurian | |
| ....Middle Silurian | |
| .....Niagaran | |
| ......Racine Dolomite | |
| RT | Illinois |
| Wisconsin | |
| Michigan | |
| SN | NE Illinois, N Michigan and SE Wisconsin. Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| RADAM | |
|---|---|
| RT | Brazil |
| electromagnetic methods | |
| radar methods | |
| remote sensing | |
| SN | Remote sensing survey of Brazil. Added to Thesaurus in 1985. |
| radar | |
|---|---|
| SN | A valid term through 1977. After 1977, use radar methods. |
| radar exploration | |
|---|---|
| USE | radar methods |
| radial faults | |
|---|---|
| BT | faults |
| .radial faults | |
| SN | Before 1978, also search faults AND radial. |
| radial flow | |
|---|---|
| RT | fluid dynamics |
| hydraulics | |
| hydrodynamics | |
| hydrology | |
| steady flow | |
| unsteady flow | |
| SN | For ground water, also index movement. |
| radiation | |
|---|---|
| SN | No longer a valid term for GeoRef. See adaptive radiation, radioactivity, background radiation, electromagnetic radiation, synchrotron radiation, radiation damage, wave dispersion, or propagation. |
| radiation damag |
|---|
| radiation damage | |
|---|---|
| UF | damage, radiation |
| RT | geochronology |
| relative age | |
| cosmic rays | |
| radioactivity | |
| fission-track dating | |
| fission tracks | |
| particle tracks | |
| particle-track dating | |
| metamict minerals | |
| metamictization | |
| radiation dosimetry | |
|---|---|
| USE | dosimetry |
| radio-frequency spectroscopy | |
|---|---|
| BT | spectroscopy |
| .radio-frequency spectroscopy | |
| RT | chemical analysis |
| analysis | |
| SN | Before 1978, also search spectroscopy AND radio frequency. |
| radio-wave methods | |
|---|---|
| UF | radiowave methods |
| RT | geophysical surveys |
| methods | |
| electromagnetic waves | |
| radar methods | |
| electromagnetic radiation | |
| ground-penetrating radar | |
| SN | Before 1978 search radio waves. |
| radioactiv |
|---|
| radioactivation analysis | |
|---|---|
| USE | activation analysis |
| radioactive decay | |
|---|---|
| UF | decay, radioactive |
| RT | absolute age |
| isotopes | |
| SN | Before 1978, search decay AND radioactive. |
| radioactive elements | |
|---|---|
| USE | radioactive isotopes |
| radioactive fallout | |
|---|---|
| USE | fallout |
| radioactive materials | |
|---|---|
| SN | Not a valid GeoRef index term after 1968. See isotopes; radioactivity; radioactive tracers; radioactive waste; radioactive isotopes. |
| radioactive minerals | |
|---|---|
| SN | Not a valid GeoRef index term after 1970. See radioactivity; minerals. |
| radioactive tracers | |
|---|---|
| RT | aerosols |
| Chernobyl nuclear accident | |
| ground water | |
| hydrogeology | |
| hydrology | |
| isotopes | |
| radioactivity | |
| surface water | |
| tracers | |
| radioactive waste repositories | |
|---|---|
| SN | Not a valid term for GeoRef. After 1993, see storage or underground storage or radioactive waste, waste disposal, or waste disposal sites. |
| radioactive-waste disposal | |
|---|---|
| SN | Not a valid GeoRef index term after 1970. Used in subfile N. After 1992, use radioactive waste with waste disposal or waste disposal sites. Also see storage or underground storage. |
| radioactivity | |
|---|---|
| RT | alpha rays |
| alpha-ray spectroscopy | |
| autoradiography | |
| beta rays | |
| Chernobyl nuclear accident | |
| cosmic rays | |
| dosimetry | |
| electromagnetic radiation | |
| engineering geology | |
| fallout | |
| fission tracks | |
| gamma rays | |
| gamma-gamma methods | |
| gamma-ray methods | |
| gamma-ray spectroscopy | |
| heat | |
| SN | For natural or induced radioactivity. Before 1972, also search nucleosynthesis. Before 1978, also search radiometric; radiometry. |
| radioactivity exploration | |
|---|---|
| SN | Not a valid GeoRef index term after 1971. Used in subfiles G and N. Now use radioactivity or radioactivity methods. |
| radioactivity logging | |
|---|---|
| SN | Not a valid GeoRef term after 1970. Used in subfile N. Use well-logging and radioactivity. |
| radioactivity methods | |
|---|---|
| BT | geophysical methods |
| .radioactivity methods | |
| RT | geophysical surveys |
| radioactivity | |
| dosimetry | |
| radon emanometry | |
| gamma-ray methods | |
| radioactivity survey maps | |
| liquid scintillation methods | |
| neutron methods | |
| SN | For surveys, search with geophysical surveys and an area. For surveys, also index geophysical surveys and the area. |
| radioactivity survey maps | |
|---|---|
| BT | maps |
| .radioactivity survey maps | |
| RT | geophysical survey maps |
| radioactivity methods | |
| SN | Also search maps AND geophysical surveys AND radioactivity methods with area. Added to Thesaurus in 1985. |
| radiocarbon dating | |
|---|---|
| USE | C-14 |
| radiochemical analysis | |
|---|---|
| SN | Not a valid GeoRef index term after 1970. Use chemical analysis or isotopes as applicable. |
| radiography | |
|---|---|
| NT | autoradiography |
| RT | X-ray radiography |
| radiography, X-ray | |
|---|---|
| USE | X-ray radiography |
| Radiolaria | |
|---|---|
| BT | Invertebrata |
| .Protista | |
| ..Radiolaria | |
| NT | Osculosida |
| Porulosida | |
| Spumellina | |
| RT | microfossils |
| plankton | |
| SN | Indexed with microfossils if applicable. |
| radiolarite | |
|---|---|
| BT | sedimentary rocks |
| .clastic rocks | |
| ..radiolarite | |
| radiometers | |
|---|---|
| SN | See AVHRR if applicable. This term could be used for microwave thermal emission methods or for sensing various kinds of radiant energy including radioactivity. |
| radiometric properties | |
|---|---|
| SN | As of 1981, no longer a valid term for GeoRef. Term was introduced in 1978. See radioactivity. |
| radionuclides | |
|---|---|
| SN | A valid term through 1978. After 1978 use radioactive isotopes. |
| radiowave methods | |
|---|---|
| USE | radio-wave methods |
| radium | |
|---|---|
| BT | metals |
| .alkaline earth metals | |
| ..radium | |
| NT | Ra-226 |
| Ra-228 | |
| Ra-228/Ra-226 | |
| Th-230/Ra-226 | |
| UF | Ra |
| RT | isotopes |
| uranium | |
| Radnorshire Wales | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Western Europe | |
| ..United Kingdom | |
| ...Great Britain | |
| ....Wales | |
| .....Powys Wales | |
| ......Radnorshire Wales | |
| SN | Former county E Wales. As of April 1974, part of Powys. |
| radon | |
|---|---|
| BT | noble gases |
| .radon | |
| NT | Rn-220 |
| Rn-222 | |
| UF | Rn |
| RT | isotopes |
| radon emanometry | |
| radon emanometry | |
|---|---|
| RT | chemical analysis |
| dosimetry | |
| earthquake prediction | |
| earthquakes | |
| eruptions | |
| gas chromatography | |
| geochemical methods | |
| mineral exploration | |
| precursors | |
| radioactivity methods | |
| radon | |
| soil gases | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1985. |
| Radon transforms | |
|---|---|
| UF | slant stacks |
| RT | seismic methods |
| tomography | |
| mathematical transformations | |
| SN | Integral of physical property of an object along a given line or energy transit path. Before 1993, also search Radon transformations. Added to Thesaurus in 1993. |
| radon-222 | |
|---|---|
| USE | Rn-222 |
| Radstock Bay | |
|---|---|
| BT | Canada |
| .Northwest Territories | |
| ..Franklin District Northwest Territories | |
| ...Queen Elizabeth Islands | |
| ....Devon Island | |
| .....Radstock Bay | |
| SN | SW coast of Devon Island on Lancaster Sound in Franklin District. |
| Rae Province | |
|---|---|
| BT | North America |
| .Canadian Shield | |
| ..Churchill Province | |
| ...Rae Province | |
| RT | Alberta |
| Canada | |
| Saskatchewan | |
| Quebec | |
| Northwest Territories | |
| Labrador | |
| SN | Part of Churchill composite structural province of the N Canadian Shield. Archean-Proterozoic. Indexed with Canadian provinces as applicable. |
| raft foundations | |
|---|---|
| RT | buildings |
| foundations | |
| ice rafting | |
| settlement | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1985. |
| Raft River | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Raft River | |
| RT | Idaho |
| Utah | |
| Raft River basin | |
| SN | In N Utah and S Idaho. Indexed with states as applicable. |
| Raft River basin | |
|---|---|
| RT | Idaho |
| Raft River | |
| United States | |
| Utah | |
| SN | Also search Raft River. May occur in several locations. Indexed with states or regions as applicable. |
| rafting, ice | |
|---|---|
| USE | ice rafting |
| Ragavapuram Shales | |
|---|---|
| USE | Raghavapuram Shales |
| Raghavapuram Shales | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Mesozoic | |
| ...Jurassic | |
| ....Upper Jurassic | |
| .....Raghavapuram Shales | |
| UF | Ragavapuram Shales |
| RT | India |
| Andhra Pradesh India | |
| SN | Also search Raghavapuram. |
| Railroad Valley | |
|---|---|
| RT | Grant Canyon Field |
| Nye County Nevada | |
| SN | SE central Nevada. Also in other locations. Indexed with county or region as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1981. |
| railroads | |
|---|---|
| UF | railways |
| RT | land subsidence |
| embankments | |
| slope stability | |
| seismic response | |
| engineering geology | |
| environmental geology | |
| land use | |
| soil mechanics | |
| construction | |
| foundations | |
| highways | |
| tunnels | |
| site exploration | |
| engineering properties | |
| planning | |
| subways | |
| SN | Used for geological or geotechnical studies pertaining in some way to railroad tracks and materials. Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| railways | |
|---|---|
| USE | railroads |
| rain | |
|---|---|
| BT | atmospheric precipitation |
| .rain | |
| NT | acid rain |
| RT | water |
| hydrology | |
| hydrosphere | |
| meltwater | |
| SN | Also search rainfall. Added to Thesaurus in 1995. |
| rain forests | |
|---|---|
| BT | forests |
| .rain forests | |
| UF | rainforests |
| RT | environmental geology |
| land use | |
| natural resources | |
| tropical environment | |
| vegetation | |
| temperate environment | |
| SN | Also index tropical environment or temperate environment as applicable. |
| Rainbow Mountain | |
|---|---|
| RT | Alaska Range |
| Valley County Idaho | |
| SN | Peak in Salmon River Mountains in Valley County, W central Idaho. Also in the Alaska Range. Indexed with county and mountain range as applicable. |
| raindro |
|---|
| raindrops | |
|---|---|
| RT | atmospheric precipitation |
| clouds | |
| droplets | |
| humidity | |
| meteorology | |
| rainfall | |
| water | |
| rainfall | |
|---|---|
| RT | acid rain |
| atmospheric precipitation | |
| drought | |
| hydrology | |
| raindrops | |
| watersheds | |
| rainforests | |
|---|---|
| USE | rain forests |
| Rainier Mesa | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Nevada | |
| ..Nye County Nevada | |
| ...Rainier Mesa | |
| RT | Nevada Test Site |
| SN | Outlier of the Belted Range, in NW portion of the Nevada Test Site. Added to Thesaurus in 1981. |
| Rains County Texas | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Texas | |
| ..Rains County Texas | |
| Rainy Lake | |
|---|---|
| RT | Koochiching County Minnesota |
| Minnesota | |
| North America | |
| Ontario | |
| Saint Louis County Minnesota | |
| SN | On border of Rainy River District Ontario and N Minnesota. May occur in other locations. Indexed with North America or Minnesota counties and/or Rainy River District Ontario as applicable. |
| Rainy River | |
|---|---|
| BT | North America |
| .Rainy River | |
| RT | Ontario |
| Minnesota | |
| SN | Flows from Rainy Lake to Lake of the Woods. Indexed with Minnesota and/or Ontario as applicable. |
| Rainy River District Ontario | |
|---|---|
| BT | Canada |
| .Eastern Canada | |
| ..Ontario | |
| ...Rainy River District Ontario | |
| NT | Atikokan Ontario |
| SN | NW Ontario, on the border with Minnesota. Before 1989, also search Rainy River AND Ontario. |
| Raipur India | |
|---|---|
| BT | Asia |
| .Indian Peninsula | |
| ..India | |
| ...Madhya Pradesh India | |
| ....Raipur India | |
| SN | City in SE Madhya Pradesh, central India. |
| raised b |
|---|
| raised beaches | |
|---|---|
| BT | shore features |
| .raised beaches | |
| RT | glacial geology |
| shorelines | |
| beaches | |
| sea-level changes | |
| marine terraces | |
| lacustrine features | |
| benches | |
| terraces | |
| neotectonics | |
| uplifts | |
| emergent coastlines | |
| regression | |
| SN | Indexed with lacustrine features and/or beaches as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1995. |
| Rajahmundry India | |
|---|---|
| BT | Asia |
| .Indian Peninsula | |
| ..India | |
| ...Andhra Pradesh India | |
| ....Rajahmundry India | |
| SN | City in NE Andhra Pradesh, central India. |
| Rajgir India | |
|---|---|
| BT | Asia |
| .Indian Peninsula | |
| ..India | |
| ...Bihar India | |
| ....Rajgir India | |
| SN | Village in N central Bihar, E India. |
| Rajmahal Hills | |
|---|---|
| BT | Asia |
| .Indian Peninsula | |
| ..India | |
| ...Bihar India | |
| ....Rajmahal Hills | |
| RT | Amarjola |
| SN | Low range of hills S and W of the Ganges River in E Bihar, E India. |
| Rajmahal India | |
|---|---|
| BT | Asia |
| .Indian Peninsula | |
| ..India | |
| ...Bihar India | |
| ....Rajmahal India | |
| SN | Town in E Bihar, E India. |
| Rajmahal Series | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Mesozoic | |
| ...Jurassic | |
| ....Rajmahal Series | |
| RT | India |
| Bangladesh | |
| SN | Bangladesh and NE India. Includes grits and shales intercalated in trap flows. Also search Rajmahal Traps if applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1993. |
| Rakhov Massif | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Ukraine | |
| ..Ukrainian Carpathians | |
| ...Rakhov Massif | |
| RT | Transcarpathia Ukraine |
| SN | In central Carpathian Mountains of Transcarpathian Oblast. This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| Rakhov Ukraine | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Ukraine | |
| ..Transcarpathia Ukraine | |
| ...Rakhov Ukraine | |
| SN | Town in Transcarpathian Oblast in W Ukraine. This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| Raleigh Belt | |
|---|---|
| RT | Appalachians |
| Carolina slate belt | |
| North Carolina | |
| Piedmont | |
| SN | Metamorphic belt in central North Carolina. Indexed with counties or region as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1985. |
| Raleigh County West Virginia | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .West Virginia | |
| ..Raleigh County West Virginia | |
| SN | S West Virginia. |
| Ralls County Missouri | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Missouri | |
| ..Ralls County Missouri | |
| Raman | |
|---|---|
| SN | A valid term through 1977. After 1977, see Raman spectra or Raman spectroscopy. |
| Raman spectra | |
|---|---|
| BT | spectra |
| .Raman spectra | |
| RT | spectroscopy |
| vibrational spectra | |
| Raman spectroscopy | |
| SN | Used for data. For methodology, use Raman spectroscopy. Added to Thesaurus in 1982. |
| Raman spectroscopy | |
|---|---|
| BT | spectroscopy |
| .Raman spectroscopy | |
| RT | chemical analysis |
| analysis | |
| Raman spectra | |
| SN | Before 1978, also search spectroscopy AND Raman. As of 1982, for methodology only; use Raman spectra for data. |
| Ramapithecus | |
|---|---|
| BT | minidae |
| .Ramapithecus | |
| RT | Pongidae |
| Sivapithecus | |
| SN | Genus. Sometimes classed under the Pongidae. Often included with Sivapithecus. Also search Sivapithecus if applicable. Indexed with Pongidae if applicable. |
| Ramapo Fault | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Ramapo Fault | |
| RT | New York |
| New Jersey | |
| Newark Basin | |
| SN | N New Jersey and SE New York. Indexed with states as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| Ramgarh coal field | |
|---|---|
| BT | Asia |
| .Indian Peninsula | |
| ..India | |
| ...Ramgarh coal field | |
| UF | Ramgarh Coalfield |
| RT | Bihar India |
| coal fields | |
| SN | S Bihar, India. Also search Ramgarh. Indexed with state or states as applicable. |
| Ramgarh Coalfield | |
|---|---|
| USE | Ramgarh coal field |
| Rammelsberg | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Central Europe | |
| ..Germany | |
| ...Lower Saxony Germany | |
| ....Rammelsberg | |
| BT | Europe |
| .Central Europe | |
| ..Germany | |
| ...Harz Mountains | |
| ....Rammelsberg | |
| SN | Mountain in the Harz Mountains. This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| rammelsbergite | |
|---|---|
| BT | arsenides |
| .rammelsbergite | |
| RT | nickel ores |
| pararammelsbergite | |
| Ramnagar India | |
|---|---|
| BT | Asia |
| .Indian Peninsula | |
| ..India | |
| ...Uttar Pradesh India | |
| ....Ramnagar India | |
| SN | Town in SE Uttar Pradesh, India. |
| Ramnagar Pakistan | |
|---|---|
| BT | Asia |
| .Indian Peninsula | |
| ..Pakistan | |
| ...Punjab Pakistan | |
| ....Ramnagar Pakistan | |
| SN | Village NW of Lahore in Punjab, Pakistan. |
| Ramp Creek Formation | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Paleozoic | |
| ...Carboniferous | |
| ....Mississippian | |
| .....Ramp Creek Formation | |
| RT | Kentucky |
| Indiana | |
| SN | S Indiana and N Kentucky. Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| Rampart Group | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Paleozoic | |
| ...Carboniferous | |
| ....Mississippian | |
| .....Rampart Group | |
| RT | Alaska |
| Lower Mississippian | |
| SN | Probably Lower Mississippian. Yukon-Tanana region in E central and E Alaska. |
| Ramparts Formation | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Paleozoic | |
| ...Devonian | |
| ....Ramparts Formation | |
| RT | Canada |
| Northwest Territories | |
| SN | Mackenzie District Northwest Territories. Also search Ramparts. |
| ramps | |
|---|---|
| RT | carbonate ramps |
| faults | |
| thrust faults | |
| SN | Used as a general term. Use carbonate ramps or thrust faults where applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| Rampur coal field | |
|---|---|
| BT | Asia |
| .Indian Peninsula | |
| ..India | |
| ...Rampur coal field | |
| RT | coal fields |
| Orissa India | |
| SN | NW Orissa. Also search Rampur. Indexed with state or states as applicable. |
| ramsdellite | |
|---|---|
| BT | oxides |
| .ramsdellite | |
| RT | vernadite |
| Ramsey County Minnesota | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Minnesota | |
| ..Ramsey County Minnesota | |
| NT | Saint Paul Minnesota |
| SN | E Minnesota. |
| Ramsey County North Dakota | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .North Dakota | |
| ..Ramsey County North Dakota | |
| RT | Devils Lake |
| SN | NE central North Dakota. |
| Ran Fjord | |
|---|---|
| USE | Rana Fjord |
| Rana Fjord | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Western Europe | |
| ..Scandinavia | |
| ...Norway | |
| ....Nordland Norway | |
| .....Rana Fjord | |
| UF | Ran Fjord |
| Ranen Fjord | |
| SN | On the Norwegian Sea in central part of country. Also search Rana and Norway. |
| Ranchi India | |
|---|---|
| BT | Asia |
| .Indian Peninsula | |
| ..India | |
| ...Bihar India | |
| ....Ranchi India | |
| SN | City and District in S Bihar, E India. |
| Rancho La Brea | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .California | |
| ..Los Angeles County California | |
| ...Rancho La Brea | |
| UF | La Brea tar pits |
| SN | Pleistocene fossil locality in SW California. Added to Thesaurus in 1985. |
| Rancholabrean | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Cenozoic | |
| ...Quarternary | |
| ....Pleistocene | |
| .....Upper Pleistocene | |
| ......Rancholabrean | |
| SN | North American continental stage. Above Irvingtonian, below Holocene. Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| rancieite | |
|---|---|
| BT | oxides |
| .rancieite | |
| Rand | |
|---|---|
| SN | Not a valid term for GeoRef. See Witwatersrand for South Africa or Rand Mountains for California. |
| Rand Mountains | |
|---|---|
| RT | Kern County California |
| Mojave Desert | |
| California | |
| SN | Range in the Mojave Desert, Kern County , S central California. Also search Rand AND California. Indexed with county or region as applicable. |
| Randall County Texas | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Texas | |
| ..Randall County Texas | |
| Randolph County Alabama | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Alabama | |
| ..Randolph County Alabama | |
| SN | E Alabama. |
| Randolph County Arkansas | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Arkansas | |
| ..Randolph County Arkansas | |
| SN | NE Arkansas. |
| Randolph County Georgia | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Georgia | |
| ..Randolph County Georgia | |
| SN | SW Georgia. |
| Randolph County Illinois | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Illinois | |
| ..Randolph County Illinois | |
| SN | SW Illinois. |
| Randolph County Indiana | |
|---|---|
| BT | Indiana |
| .Randolph County Indiana | |
| SN | E Indiana. |
| Randolph County Missouri | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Missouri | |
| ..Randolph County Missouri | |
| SN | N central Missouri. |
| Randolph County North Carolina | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .North Carolina | |
| ..Randolph County North Carolina | |
| SN | Central North Carolina. |
| Randolph County West Virginia | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .West Virginia | |
| ..Randolph County West Virginia | |
| SN | E West Virginia. |
| random processes | |
|---|---|
| USE | stochastic processes |
| Ranen Fjord | |
|---|---|
| USE | Rana Fjord |
| range | |
|---|---|
| UF | stratigraphic range |
| RT | biogeography |
| fossils | |
| stratigraphy | |
| biostratigraphy | |
| first occurrence | |
| taxonomy | |
| SN | Usage is restricted to stratigraphy. |
| range, basin | |
|---|---|
| USE | basin range structure |
| Rangeley Formation | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Paleozoic | |
| ...Rangeley Formation | |
| RT | Silurian |
| Devonian | |
| Massachusetts | |
| New Hampshire | |
| Maine | |
| Connecticut | |
| SN | N Connecticut, W Maine, Massachusetts and S New Hampshire. Silurian and/or Devonian. Indexed with ages as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| Rangeley Lakes | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Rangeley Lakes | |
| RT | New Hampshire |
| Maine | |
| Coos County New Hampshire | |
| Franklin County Maine | |
| Oxford County Maine | |
| SN | Also search Rangeley. Indexed with states and counties as applicable. |
| Rangely Anticline | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Colorado | |
| ..Rangely Anticline | |
| SN | In NW near Utah border. Also search Rangely. |
| Rangely Colorado | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Colorado | |
| ..Rio Blanco County Colorado | |
| ...Rangely Colorado | |
| SN | Town on White River in NW Colorado. |
| Rangely Field | |
|---|---|
| UF | Rangely oil field |
| RT | oil and gas fields |
| Colorado | |
| Rio Blanco County Colorado | |
| SN | In NW Colorado near Utah border. Before 1978, also search Rangely. Indexed with county or region as applicable. |
| Rangely oil field | |
|---|---|
| USE | Rangely Field |
| Ranger Canyon Formation | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Paleozoic | |
| ...Permian | |
| ....Ranger Canyon Formation | |
| RT | Alberta |
| British Columbia | |
| Ishbel Group | |
| SN | In Ishbel Group. Rocky Mountains of British Columbia and Alberta. Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| Ranger Mine | |
|---|---|
| RT | Alligator Rivers Field |
| mines | |
| Northern Territory Australia | |
| uranium ores | |
| SN | Uranium ore deposit and mine in Alligator Rivers region, Northern Territory. Indexed with state or region as applicable. |
| Rangifer | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chordata |
| .Vertebrata | |
| ..Tetrapoda | |
| ...Mammalia | |
| ....Theria | |
| .....Eutheria | |
| ......Artiodactyla | |
| .......Ruminantia | |
| ........Cervidae | |
| .........Rangifer | |
| SN | Genus. |
| Rangitata River | |
|---|---|
| BT | Australasia |
| .New Zealand | |
| ..Rangitata River | |
| RT | South Island |
| SN | E central South Island. Also search Rangitata. Also index South Island. |
| Raniganj (Stage) | |
|---|---|
| USE | Raniganj Formation |
| Raniganj coal field | |
|---|---|
| BT | Asia |
| .Indian Peninsula | |
| ..India | |
| ...West Bengal India | |
| ....Raniganj coal field | |
| UF | Raniganj Coalfield |
| RT | coal fields |
| SN | West Bengal state. Also search Raniganj India and coal. |
| Raniganj Coalfield | |
|---|---|
| USE | Raniganj coal field |
| Raniganj Formation | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Paleozoic | |
| ...Permian | |
| ....Upper Permian | |
| .....Raniganj Formation | |
| UF | Raniganj (Stage) |
| Raniganj Stage | |
| RT | India |
| West Bengal India | |
| Damuda Series | |
| SN | The highest division of the Damuda Series. Added to Thesaurus in 1993. |
| Raniganj India | |
|---|---|
| BT | Asia |
| .Indian Peninsula | |
| ..India | |
| ...West Bengal India | |
| ....Raniganj India | |
| SN | City on N bank of Damodar River. |
| Raniganj Stage | |
|---|---|
| USE | Raniganj Formation |
| rank | |
|---|---|
| RT | coal |
| SN | To be used only for classification of coal. |
| Rankin County Mississippi | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Mississippi | |
| ..Rankin County Mississippi | |
| SN | Central Mississippi. |
| Rannoch |
|---|
| Rannoch Formation | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Mesozoic | |
| ...Jurassic | |
| ....Middle Jurassic | |
| .....Bajocian | |
| ......Rannoch Formation | |
| RT | Aalenian |
| Brent Group | |
| North Sea | |
| SN | In Brent Group. Added to Thesaurus in 1995. |
| Ransom County North Dakota | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .North Dakota | |
| ..Ransom County North Dakota | |
| Raoul Island | |
|---|---|
| BT | West Pacific Ocean Islands |
| .Kermadec Islands | |
| ..Raoul Island | |
| SN | Largest of the volcanic Kermadec Islands which are a dependency of New Zealand 500 miles NE of Auckland. |
| rapakivi | |
|---|---|
| BT | igneous rocks |
| .plutonic rocks | |
| ..granites | |
| ...rapakivi | |
| UF | wiborgite |
| Raphidiodea | |
|---|---|
| BT | Invertebrata |
| .Arthropoda | |
| ..Mandibulata | |
| ...Insecta | |
| ....Pterygota | |
| .....Neoptera | |
| ......Endopterygota | |
| .......Neuroptera | |
| ........Raphidiodea | |
| RT | Diptera |
| Hymenoptera | |
| Lepidoptera | |
| SN | Suborder. |
| Rapid City South Dakota | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .South Dakota | |
| ..Pennington County South Dakota | |
| ...Rapid City South Dakota | |
| SN | City in W South Dakota. |
| rapid variations | |
|---|---|
| SN | Used in subfiles T, G and N. See variations; secular variations; fluctuations. |
| Rapides Parish Louisiana | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Louisiana | |
| ..Rapides Parish Louisiana | |
| RT | Calcasieu River |
| SN | Central Louisiana. |
| rapids | |
|---|---|
| BT | fluvial features |
| .rapids | |
| RT | geomorphology |
| hydrology | |
| rivers | |
| streams | |
| waterways | |
| cascades | |
| waterfalls | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1993. |
| Rappahannock County Virginia | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Virginia | |
| ..Rappahannock County Virginia | |
| Rappahannock River | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Virginia | |
| ..Rappahannock River | |
| SN | Rises in the Blue Ridge Mountains and flows into Chesapeake Bay. |
| Rarau Massif | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Southern Europe | |
| ..Romania | |
| ...Rarau Massif | |
| UF | Rarau Mountains |
| RT | Moldavia |
| Suceava Romania | |
| SN | Suceava County in N Romania. Also search Rarau. |
| Rarau Mountains | |
|---|---|
| USE | Rarau Massif |
| rare earth deposits | |
|---|---|
| BT | metal ores |
| .rare earth deposits | |
| NT | cerium ores |
| RT | bastnaesite |
| rare earths | |
| monazite deposits | |
| SN | Commodity. See List C. |
| rare earths | |
|---|---|
| BT | metals |
| .rare earths | |
| NT | cerium |
| dysprosium | |
| erbium | |
| europium | |
| gadolinium | |
| holmium | |
| lanthanum | |
| lutetium | |
| neodymium | |
| praseodymium | |
| promethium | |
| samarium | |
| scandium | |
| terbium | |
| thulium | |
| ytterbium | |
| yttrium | |
| UF | inner transition elements |
| lanthanide series | |
| lanthanides | |
| lanthanoans | |
| RT | rare earth deposits |
| KREEP | |
| trace elements | |
| SN | Series of metallic elements with atomic numbers 57 to 71 (the lanthanides). Also, scandium and yttrium are generally included in this group due to chemical similarities. Use rare earth deposits for rare earths as a commodity. |
| rare gases | |
|---|---|
| USE | noble gases |
| RARE II | |
|---|---|
| USE | RARE II regions |
| RARE II regions | |
|---|---|
| BT | public lands |
| .RARE II regions | |
| UF | RARE II |
| Roadless Area Review & Evaluation, Phase II | |
| RT | United States |
| land use | |
| conservation | |
| programs | |
| wilderness areas | |
| SN | Tracts of land belonging to the U. S. Forest Service that were being evaluated for their potential as wilderness areas. Added to Thesaurus in 1981. |
| Raritan Bay | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Raritan Bay | |
| RT | New York |
| New Jersey | |
| Staten Island | |
| Middlesex County New Jersey | |
| Monmouth County New Jersey | |
| SN | NE New Jersey and SE New York. Inlet of Atlantic Ocean bordered by Staten Island, New York, and Middlesex and Monmouth counties, New Jersey. Indexed with states and counties as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| Raritan Formation | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Mesozoic | |
| ...Cretaceous | |
| ....Upper Cretaceous | |
| .....Raritan Formation | |
| RT | Maryland |
| Delaware | |
| New Jersey | |
| SN | Comprises Amboy Stonewane Clay, Old Bridge Sand Member, South Amboy Fire Clay, Sayreville Sand Member, Woodbridge Clay, Farrington Sand Member, and Raritan Fire Clay. |
| Raritan River | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .New Jersey | |
| ..Raritan River | |
| SN | N New Jersey. Flows into New York Bay S of Staten Island. Added to Thesaurus in 1985. |
| Ras al-Khaimah | |
|---|---|
| BT | Asia |
| .Arabian Peninsula | |
| ..United Arab Emirates | |
| ...Ras al-Khaimah | |
| SN | Sheikdom. |
| RASA | |
|---|---|
| UF | Regional Aquifer-System Analysis Program |
| RT | United States |
| ground water | |
| aquifers | |
| U. S. Geological Survey | |
| programs | |
| SN | Acronym. U. S. Geological Survey program begun in 1978. Added to Thesaurus in 1993. |
| rasorite | |
|---|---|
| USE | kernite |
| Rat |
|---|
| Rat Island | |
|---|---|
| RT | Alaska |
| Aleutian Islands | |
| Bismarck Archipelago | |
| Papua New Guinea | |
| Rat Islands | |
| SN | Small island in center of Rat Islands in W Aleutian Islands. Also an island in the Bismarck Archipelago, Papua New Guinea. Indexed with Rat Islands or Bismarck Archipelago as applicable. |
| Rat Islands | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Alaska | |
| ..Southwestern Alaska | |
| ...Aleutian Islands | |
| ....Rat Islands | |
| RT | Rat Island |
| SN | Group in W Aleutian Islands. |
| rate of sedimentation | |
|---|---|
| USE | sedimentation rates |
| rates | |
|---|---|
| RT | erosion |
| erosion rates | |
| growth rates | |
| reactivity | |
| residence time | |
| sedimentation rates | |
| settling | |
| slip rates | |
| SN | As of 1982, use sedimentation rates or erosion rates. |
| Ratibor Poland | |
|---|---|
| USE | Raciborz Poland |
| ratios | |
|---|---|
| SN | No longer a valid term for GeoRef. After 1992, see chemical ratios or isotope ratios. |
| Raton Basin | |
|---|---|
| RT | Colorado |
| New Mexico | |
| United States | |
| SN | SE Colorado and NE New Mexico. Also search Raton. Indexed with states or regions as applicable. |
| Raton Formation | |
|---|---|
| RT | K-T boundary |
| Paleocene | |
| Colorado | |
| New Mexico | |
| Upper Cretaceous | |
| SN | Upper Cretaceous and Paleocene. NE New Mexico and SE Colorado. Indexed with ages as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1985. |
| Rattlesnake Creek Terrane | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .California | |
| ..Rattlesnake Creek Terrane | |
| RT | Klamath Mountains |
| SN | In Klamath Mountains of California. Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| Rattlesnake Hills | |
|---|---|
| RT | Benton County Washington |
| Colorado Plateau | |
| Natrona County Wyoming | |
| Rattlesnake Mountain | |
| United States | |
| Washington | |
| Wyoming | |
| Yakima County Washington | |
| SN | Area in SW Natrona County, Wyoming. Also an area in Benton and Yakima counties, Washington. Also search Rattlesnake Mountain AND Wyoming for area in Wyoming. Indexed with states and counties as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1985. |
| Rattlesnake Mountain | |
|---|---|
| RT | Big Bend National Park |
| Brewster County Texas | |
| Rattlesnake Hills | |
| SN | W Texas. Before 1985, term was sometimes used for Rattlesnake Hills, Wyoming. Also in other locations. Indexed with county and mountains as applicable. |
| Raukumara Peninsula | |
|---|---|
| BT | Australasia |
| .New Zealand | |
| ..Raukumara Peninsula | |
| RT | North Island |
| SN | NE North Island. Also index North Island. |
| rault France | |
|---|---|
| NT | Bedarieux France |
| Cabrieres France | |
| Lodeve Basin | |
| Lodeve France | |
| Montpellier France | |
| Saint-Chinian France | |
| Sete France | |
| Rauracian | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Mesozoic | |
| ...Jurassic | |
| ....Upper Jurassic | |
| .....Rauracian | |
| RT | Lusitanian |
| SN | Europe. Above Argovian, below Sequanian. |
| Ravalli County Montana | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Montana | |
| ..Ravalli County Montana | |
| RT | Selway-Bitterroot Wilderness |
| SN | W Montana. |
| Ravalli Group | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Precambrian | |
| ..Proterozoic | |
| ...Mesoproterozoic | |
| ....Ravalli Group | |
| RT | Idaho |
| Montana | |
| Altyn Limestone | |
| Belt Supergroup | |
| Revett Quartzite | |
| Saint Regis Formation | |
| SN | Of Belt Supergroup. Includes Altyn Formation, Appekunny Formation, Grinnell Formation. NE Idaho, and NW Montana. |
| Ravenscrag Formation | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Cenozoic | |
| ...Paleogene | |
| ....Paleocene | |
| .....Ravenscrag Formation | |
| RT | Canada |
| Saskatchewan | |
| raw humus | |
|---|---|
| USE | Mor |
| raw materials | |
|---|---|
| RT | economic geology |
| materials | |
| mineral resources | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1982. |
| Rawlins County Kansas | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Kansas | |
| ..Rawlins County Kansas | |
| SN | NW Kansas. |
| Ray County Missouri | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Missouri | |
| ..Ray County Missouri | |
| ray paths | |
|---|---|
| USE | raypaths |
| ray tracing | |
|---|---|
| RT | arrival time |
| raypaths | |
| seismic methods | |
| velocity | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1993. |
| Rayleigh number | |
|---|---|
| RT | convection |
| heat flow | |
| heat transfer | |
| hydrodynamics | |
| laboratory studies | |
| mathematical methods | |
| SN | Used for any kind of Rayleigh number. Added to Thesaurus in 1995. |
| Rayleigh waves | |
|---|---|
| BT | elastic waves |
| .seismic waves | |
| ..surface waves | |
| ...Rayleigh waves | |
| NT | Rg-waves |
| UF | R waves |
| RT | seismology |
| waves | |
| Lg-waves | |
| Stoneley waves | |
| raypaths | |
|---|---|
| UF | ray paths |
| RT | seismology |
| geophysical methods | |
| geophysics | |
| arrival time | |
| ray tracing | |
| seismic migration | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1981. |
| rays, alpha | |
|---|---|
| USE | alpha rays |
| rays, beta | |
|---|---|
| USE | beta rays |
| rays, cosmic | |
|---|---|
| USE | cosmic rays |
| rays, gamma | |
|---|---|
| USE | gamma rays |
| Razdan River | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Armenia | |
| ..Razdan River | |
| UF | Hrazdan River |
| Zanga River | |
| RT | Lake Sevan |
| SN | River which serves as an outlet of Lake Sevan. This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| razor stone | |
|---|---|
| USE | novaculite |