Scientific Earth Drilling Information Service - SEDIS

Search SEDIS

Data sets

Publications

Expeditions

Thesaurus

Search in thesaurus:

show categories

Ba
USE	barium

Babadag Lake basin
BT	Europe
	.Southern Europe
	..Romania
	...Babadag Lake basin
RT	Romanian Dobruja
SN	N Dobruja.

babingtonite
BT	silicates
	.chain silicates
	..babingtonite

Babor Range
BT	Africa
	.North Africa
	..Algeria
	...Babor Range
UF	Babors
RT	Atlas Mountains
SN	Coastal range of the Little Atlas Mountains in N Algeria. Also search Babor.

Babors
USE	Babor Range

Baca County Colorado
BT	United States
	.Colorado
	..Baca County Colorado

Baca Field
BT	United States
	.New Mexico
	..Sandoval County New Mexico
	...Baca Field
UF	Baca geothermal field
RT	geothermal fields
	Valles Caldera
SN	Geothermal field in Valles Caldera, N New Mexico. Added to Thesaurus in 1989.

Baca Formation
BT	Chronostratigraphic Units
	.Phanerozoic
	..Cenozoic
	...Paleogene
	....Eocene
	.....Baca Formation
RT	New Mexico
SN	Central New Mexico. Added to Thesaurus in 1989.

Baca geothermal field
USE	Baca Field

Bacau Romania
BT	Europe
	.Southern Europe
	..Romania
	...Bacau Romania
BT	Europe
	.Moldavia
	..Bacau Romania
RT	Bicaz Valley
SN	City and county in E central Romania. This term has multiple hierarchies.

back-arc basin

back-arc basins
BT	basins
	.back-arc basins
RT	orogeny
	tectonics
	plate tectonics
	continental margin
	subduction zones
	island arcs
	fore-arc basins
	forelands
SN	Added to Thesaurus in 1985.

back-scattering
USE	backscattering

backfill
RT	construction
	cut-and-fill mining
	engineering geology
	materials
	mining geology
	soil-structure interface
SN	Used for mining and construction. Added to Thesaurus in 1993.

background level
RT	air
	background radiation
	baseline studies
	detection
	detection limit
	geochemical surveys
	geochemistry
	isotopes
	levels
	pollution
SN	General term. Also see background radiation. Before 1993, also search geochemical background if applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1993.

background radiation
RT	background level
	dosimetry
	levels
	radioactive isotopes
	radioactive waste
SN	Before 1993, also search background in combination with radioactive isotopes or radioactive waste. Added to Thesaurus in 1993.

backscattering
UF	back-scattering
RT	spectroscopy
	acoustical methods
	geophysical methods
	waves
	geophysics
	seismic methods
	distortion
	attenuation
	wave dispersion
	infrared methods
	electromagnetic waves
	multiple reflections
	optical dispersion
	radar methods
	reflection
	X-ray analysis
SN	General. Used with many types of radiant energy. Added to Thesaurus in 1995.

Backus-Gilbert analysis
RT	analysis
	seismology

Bacon County Georgia
BT	United States
	.Georgia
	..Bacon County Georgia

bacteria
NT	coliform bacteria
	Pseudomonas
	Thiobacillus ferrooxidans
UF	schizomycetes
RT	microfossils
	soils
	fungi
	microorganisms
	Protista
	thallophytes
	biology
	biota
	parasites
	prokaryotes
	thermophilic taxa
SN	Before 1998, thallophytes was a broader term. Includes schizomycetes. For paleontologic studies, index microfossils.

Bactritida
BT	Invertebrata
	.Mollusca
	..Cephalopoda
	...Tetrabranchiata
	....Ammonoidea
	.....Bactritida
RT	Nautiloidea
SN	Sometimes classified under Nautiloidea, or as a separate order.

Baculites
BT	Invertebrata
	.Mollusca
	..Cephalopoda
	...Tetrabranchiata
	....Ammonoidea
	.....Baculites
SN	Genus.

Bad Deutsch Altenburg Austria
BT	Europe
	.Central Europe
	..Austria
	...Lower Austria
	....Bad Deutsch Altenburg Austria
SN	Village on the Danube in E Lower Austria.

Bad Gastein Austria
BT	Europe
	.Central Europe
	..Austria
	...Salzburg State Austria
	....Bad Gastein Austria
SN	Town in W central Austria.

Bad Pyrmont Germany
BT	Europe
	.Central Europe
	..Germany
	...Lower Saxony Germany
	....Bad Pyrmont Germany
SN	Town in S Lower Saxony, central Germany.

Badajoz City Spain
BT	Europe
	.Southern Europe
	..Iberian Peninsula
	...Spain
	....Extremadura Spain
	.....Badajoz Spain
	......Badajoz City Spain
SN	Refers to only the city in W Spain. Before 1981, also search Badajoz Spain.

Badajoz Spain
BT	Europe
	.Southern Europe
	..Iberian Peninsula
	...Spain
	....Extremadura Spain
	.....Badajoz Spain
NT	Badajoz City Spain
SN	Refers only to the province in W Spain on Portuguese border. Before 1993, also search Badajoz Province and Spain. For the city, see Badajoz City Spain.

Badakhshan
BT	Asia
	.Tajikistan
	..Badakhshan
RT	Afghanistan
	Shugnan Tajikistan
SN	Part of Gorno-Badakshan Autonomous Oblast in Tajikistan. Before 1993, also used for frontier province in NE Afghanistan. After 1992, use Badakhshan Afghanistan for the province. This term has multiple hierarchies.

Badakhshan Afghanistan
BT	Asia
	.Indian Peninsula
	..Afghanistan
	...Badakhshan Afghanistan
RT	Tajikistan
SN	Frontier province in NE Afghanistan.

Badami Series
BT	Chronostratigraphic Units
	.Precambrian
	..Proterozoic
	...Badami Series
RT	India
	Karnataka India
SN	The Badami Series lies over the Kaladgi Series and is overlain by thick cover of Deccan Traps. Belgaum District in SW part of India.

baddeleyite
BT	oxides
	.baddeleyite
RT	ceramic materials

Baden
BT	Europe
	.Central Europe
	..Germany
	...Baden-Wurttemberg Germany
	....Baden
SN	Former German state.

Baden-Baden Germany
BT	Europe
	.Central Europe
	..Germany
	...Baden-Wurttemberg Germany
	....Baden-Baden Germany
SN	City, Baden-Wurttemberg, SW Germany. Before 1978, also search Baden.

Baden-Wuerttemberg Germany
USE	Baden-Wurttemberg Germany

Baden-Wurttemberg Germany
BT	Europe
	.Central Europe
	..Germany
	...Baden-Wurttemberg Germany
NT	Baden
	Baden-Baden Germany
	Freiburg Germany
	Hegau
	Heidelberg Germany
	Holzmaden region
	Kaiserstuhl
	Karlsruhe Germany
	Katzenbuckel
	Neckar River
	Stuttgart Germany
	Swabian Alb
	Urach Germany
	Weinheim Germany
	Wurttemberg
	Wutach Valley
UF	Baden-Wuerttemberg Germany
RT	Alpenvorland
	Black Forest
	Clara Mine
	Franconia
	Lake Constance
	Main River
	Odenwald
	Palatinate
	Swabia
	Upper Rhine Valley
SN	State in SW Germany.

Badenian
BT	Chronostratigraphic Units
	.Phanerozoic
	..Cenozoic
	...Neogene
	....Miocene
	.....Badenian
NT	lower Badenian
RT	lower Miocene
	middle Miocene
SN	Provincial series, Europe.

Badkhyz
BT	Asia
	.Turkmenia
	..Badkhyz
SN	Steppe region in extreme S Turkmenia near Afghan and Iranian borders. This term has multiple hierarchies.

badlands
BT	erosion features
	.badlands
RT	geomorphology
SN	Generic term for a type of topography.

Badlands National Monument
USE	Badlands National Park

Badlands National Park
BT	United States
	.South Dakota
	..Badlands National Park
UF	Badlands National Monument
RT	national parks
	Jackson County South Dakota
	national monuments
	Pennington County South Dakota
	Shannon County South Dakota
SN	SW South Dakota. Also search Badlands National Monument; Badlands AND South Dakota. Indexed with counties as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1995.

Baffin Bay
RT	Arctic Ocean
	Atlantic Ocean
	Davis Strait
	Kenedy County Texas
	Kleberg County Texas
	Laguna Madre
	Leg 105
	Nares Strait
	Northwest Territories
	ODP Site 645
	Texas
SN	Part of Arctic Ocean between Greenland and Baffin Island; also an inlet of Laguna Madre, S Texas. Indexed with Arctic Ocean or Texas and counties as applicable.

Baffin Island
BT	Canada
	.Eastern Canada
	..Baffin Island
BT	Canada
	.Northwest Territories
	..Franklin District Northwest Territories
	...Baffin Island
NT	Barnes ice cap
	Cape Dyer
	Narpaing Fjord
RT	Arctic Archipelago
	Cumberland Peninsula
	Frobisher Bay
	Hudson Strait
	Keewatin District Northwest Territories
SN	Largest and most easterly island of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago in Franklin District. This term has multiple hierarchies.

bafflestone
BT	sedimentary rocks
	.carbonate rocks
	..boundstone
	...bafflestone
RT	bioherms
	reefs
SN	Added to Thesaurus in 1995.

Bagalkot India
BT	Asia
	.Indian Peninsula
	..India
	...Karnataka India
	....Bagalkot India
SN	Town in NW Karnataka, S India.

Bagh Beds
BT	Chronostratigraphic Units
	.Phanerozoic
	..Mesozoic
	...Cretaceous
	....Upper Cretaceous
	.....Bagh Beds
RT	India
	Gujarat India
	Madhya Pradesh India
SN	Includes Nimar Sandstone, Nodular Limestone, Deola Marl, Coralline Limestone.

Bagot County Quebec
BT	Canada
	.Eastern Canada
	..Quebec
	...Bagot County Quebec

Bahama Islands
USE	Bahamas

Bahama Platform
USE	Blake Plateau

Bahamas
BT	Caribbean region
	.West Indies
	..Bahamas
NT	Bimini
UF	Bahama Islands
RT	Andros Island
	Black Rock
	DSDP Site 5
	DSDP Site 98
	Exuma Sound
	Great Bahama Bank
	Leg 101
	Leg 11
	Little Bahama Bank
	Northeast Providence Channel
	Northwest Providence Channel
	ODP Site 631
	ODP Site 632
	ODP Site 633
	ODP Site 634
	ODP Site 635
	ODP Site 636
	San S
SN	A chain of islands SE of Florida and N of Cuba.

Bahariya Oasis
BT	Africa
	.North Africa
	..Egypt
	...Bahariya Oasis
RT	Libyan Desert
SN	In the Libyan Desert in W Egypt.

Bahia Brazil
BT	South America
	.Brazil
	..Bahia Brazil
NT	Boquira Mine
	Curaca River basin
	Reconcavo Basin
	Salvador Brazil
	Tucano Basin
	Uaua Brazil
RT	Sao Francisco Basin
	Barreiras Formation
	Brazilian Shield
	Sao Francisco Craton
	Serra do Espinhaco
SN	State in E Brazil.

Bahrain
BT	Asia
	.Arabian Peninsula
	..Bahrain
UF	Bahrein
RT	Khuff Formation
SN	An archipelago in the W Persian Gulf.

Bahrein
USE	Bahrain

Bai

Baia Mare Romania
BT	Europe
	.Southern Europe
	..Romania
	...Transylvania
	....Maramures Romania
	.....Baia Mare Romania
UF	Baia-Mare Romania
SN	Town in Maramures County in N Transylvania.

Baia-Mare Romania
USE	Baia Mare Romania

Baie of Islands Ophiolite
USE	Bay of Islands Ophiolite

Baie Verte Peninsula
BT	Canada
	.Eastern Canada
	..Newfoundland
	...Newfoundland Island
	....Baie Verte Peninsula
SN	N Newfoundland, between White Bay and Notre Dame Bay. For the town, use Baie Verte Newfoundland. Also search Baie Verte and Newfoundland.

Baikal (Lake)
USE	Lake Baikal

Baikal Mountains
BT	Commonwealth of Independent States
	.Russian Federation
	..Baikal Mountains
BT	Asia
	.Baikal Mountains
RT	Irkutsk Russian Federation
	Buryat Russian Federation
SN	West shore of Lake Baikal mostly in Irkutsk Oblast. Also search Baikal. This term has multiple hierarchies.

Baikal region
BT	Commonwealth of Independent States
	.Russian Federation
	..Baikal region
BT	Asia
	.Siberian fold belt
	..Baikal region
RT	Baikal-Amur Railroad region
	Transbaikalia
	Irkutsk Russian Federation
	Buryat Russian Federation
	Chaya Massif
	Lake Baikal
SN	Lake Baikal, Baikal Mountains, NE Irkutsk Oblast, and N Buryat Autonomous Republic. Also search Baikal. This term has multiple hierarchies.

Baikal rift zone
BT	Commonwealth of Independent States
	.Russian Federation
	..Baikal rift zone
BT	Asia
	.Baikal rift zone
RT	Irkutsk Russian Federation
	Buryat Russian Federation
	Lake Baikal
	Siberia
SN	S central Siberia. This term has multiple hierarchies. Added to Thesaurus in 1981.

Baikal-Amur Railroad region
BT	Commonwealth of Independent States
	.Russian Federation
	..Baikal-Amur Railroad region
BT	Asia
	.Baikal-Amur Railroad region
RT	Amur region
	Russian Far East
	Buryat Russian Federation
	Baikal region
	Chita Russian Federation
SN	SE Russian Federation, from Lake Baikal to the Pacific. This term has multiple hierarchies. Added to Thesaurus in 1985.

Baikalian Orogeny
USE	Baikalian Phase

Baikalian Phase
UF	Baikalian Orogeny
RT	Precambrian
	Cambrian
	Russian Federation
	orogeny
	Siberia
SN	Widely used throughout the Russian Federation for orogeny occurring during the Precambrian and Cambrian. Named after Lake Baikal in Siberia. Before 1978, search Baikalian AND orogeny. Indexed with ages as applicable.

Bailey County Texas
BT	United States
	.Texas
	..Bailey County Texas

Bainbridge Formation
BT	Chronostratigraphic Units
	.Phanerozoic
	..Paleozoic
	...Silurian
	....Middle Silurian
	.....Niagaran
	......Bainbridge Formation
RT	Missouri
	Illinois
SN	Characterized by two lithologically well-differentiated formations, Saint Clair below, and Moccasin Springs above. SW Illinois and E Missouri.

Bairdia
BT	Invertebrata
	.Arthropoda
	..Mandibulata
	...Crustacea
	....Ostracoda
	.....Podocopida
	......Bairdiomorpha
	.......Bairdiacea
	........Bairdiidae
	.........Bairdia
RT	microfossils
SN	Genus. Indexed with microfossils if applicable.

Bairdiacea
BT	Invertebrata
	.Arthropoda
	..Mandibulata
	...Crustacea
	....Ostracoda
	.....Podocopida
	......Bairdiomorpha
	.......Bairdiacea
NT	Bairdiidae
RT	microfossils
SN	Indexed with microfossils if applicable.

Bairdiidae
BT	Invertebrata
	.Arthropoda
	..Mandibulata
	...Crustacea
	....Ostracoda
	.....Podocopida
	......Bairdiomorpha
	.......Bairdiacea
	........Bairdiidae
NT	Bairdia
RT	microfossils
SN	Indexed with microfossils if applicable.

Bairdiomorpha
BT	Invertebrata
	.Arthropoda
	..Mandibulata
	...Crustacea
	....Ostracoda
	.....Podocopida
	......Bairdiomorpha
NT	Bairdiacea
RT	microfossils
SN	Includes Bairdiacea. Indexed with microfossils if applicable.

Baita Romania
BT	Europe
	.Southern Europe
	..Romania
	...Transylvania
	....Maramures Romania
	.....Baita Romania
SN	Village in Maramures County, NW Romania.

Baixo Alentejo
BT	Europe
	.Southern Europe
	..Iberian Peninsula
	...Portugal
	....Baixo Alentejo
SN	A region in S Portugal.

Baja California
BT	Mexico
	.Baja California
RT	Agua Blanca Fault
	Alisitos Formation
	Baja California Norte Mexico
	Baja California Sur Mexico
	Cerro Prieto
	Cerro Prieto Fault
	Imperial Valley
	Mexicali Valley
	Ojo de Liebre Lagoon
	Peninsular Ranges Batholith
	Rosario Formation
	Sierra de Juarez
	Todos Santos B
SN	A peninsula. Northern half is state of Baja California, formerly Baja California Norte. Southern half is the state of Baja California Sur.

Baja California Norte Mexico
BT	Mexico
	.Baja California Norte Mexico
NT	Cerro Prieto
	Mexicali Mexico
	Ojo de Liebre Lagoon
	Todos Santos Bay
RT	Baja California
	Colorado River
	Peninsular Ranges Batholith
	Sierra de Juarez
	Colorado River delta
	Santa Susana Formation
SN	Used for the Mexican state in the northern part of the peninsula.

Baja California Sur Mexico
BT	Mexico
	.Baja California Sur Mexico
NT	Vizcaino Peninsula
RT	Baja California
	San Gregorio Formation
SN	Used for the Mexican state in the southern part of the peninsula of Baja California.

Bajocian
BT	Chronostratigraphic Units
	.Phanerozoic
	..Mesozoic
	...Jurassic
	....Middle Jurassic
	.....Bajocian
NT	Brent Group
	Broom Formation
	Etive Formation
	Ness Formation
	Rannoch Formation
	Tarbert Formation
RT	Dogger
	Garn Formation
SN	Europe.

Bakal Russian Federation
BT	Commonwealth of Independent States
	.Russian Federation
	..Chelyabinsk Russian Federation
	...Bakal Russian Federation
RT	Southern Urals
SN	City in Chelyabinsk Oblast in Southern Urals. Before 1993, Bakal Russian Republic was also used.

Baker County Florida
BT	United States
	.Florida
	..Baker County Florida
RT	Okefenokee Swamp
SN	N Florida.

Baker County Georgia
BT	United States
	.Georgia
	..Baker County Georgia
SN	SW Georgia.

Baker County Oregon
BT	United States
	.Oregon
	..Baker County Oregon
RT	Wallowa Mountains
SN	On Powder River in NE Oregon.

Baker Lake
RT	Keewatin District Northwest Territories
SN	Lake in E central Keewatin District. As of 1993, use Baker Lake Northwest Territories for the town at W end of the lake. Indexed with Keewatin District Northwest Territories or region as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1985.

Bakersfield California
BT	United States
	.California
	..Kern County California
	...Bakersfield California
SN	City in S central California.

Bakhchisarai Ukraine
BT	Europe
	.Ukraine
	..Crimea Ukraine
	...Bakhchisarai Ukraine
UF	Bakhchisaray Ukraine
SN	Town in S Crimea. This term has multiple hierarchies.

Bakhchisaray Ukraine
USE	Bakhchisarai Ukraine

Bakhmut Ukraine
USE	Artemovsk Ukraine

Bakhtiari Formation
BT	Chronostratigraphic Units
	.Phanerozoic
	..Cenozoic
	...Neogene
	....Pliocene
	.....Bakhtiari Formation
RT	Iran
	Iraq
SN	Comprises Upper and Lower Bakhtiari Formations.

Bakken Formation
BT	Chronostratigraphic Units
	.Phanerozoic
	..Paleozoic
	...upper Paleozoic
	....Bakken Formation
RT	Upper Devonian
	Saskatchewan
	Montana
	North Dakota
	Manitoba
	Lower Mississippian
SN	Upper Devonian? and Lower Mississippian. North Dakota, Montana, Manitoba and Saskatchewan. Indexed with ages as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1985.

Bakony Mountains
BT	ngary
	.Bakony Mountains
UF	Transdanubian Central Mountains
SN	In NW central Hungary. Also search Bakony.

Baku Archipelago
BT	Europe
	.Azerbaijan
	..Baku Archipelago
SN	This term has multiple hierarchies.

Baku Azerbaijan
BT	Europe
	.Azerbaijan
	..Baku Azerbaijan
SN	City on Apsheron Peninsula on Caspian Sea. This term has multiple hierarchies.

Bala
BT	Chronostratigraphic Units
	.Phanerozoic
	..Paleozoic
	...Ordovician
	....Bala
RT	Middle Ordovician
	Upper Ordovician
	Hirnantian
	Wales
	Merionethshire Wales
	Ashgillian
	Caradocian
SN	England: Middle and Upper Ordovician. Comprises the Caradocian and Ashgillian. Before 1993, this term and Bala District were also used to refer to a Welsh town and to various other locations.

Balaghat India
BT	Asia
	.Indian Peninsula
	..India
	...Madhya Pradesh India
	....Balaghat India
SN	Town and district in central Madhya Pradesh, central India.

Balaklala Rhyolite
BT	Chronostratigraphic Units
	.Phanerozoic
	..Paleozoic
	...Devonian
	....Middle Devonian
	.....Balaklala Rhyolite
RT	California
	Copley Greenstone
SN	N California. Overlies Copley Greenstone and interfingers with it in some areas. Added to Thesaurus in 1989.

balance, mass
USE	mass balance

balance, water
USE	water balance

balanced cross sections
BT	cross sections
	.balanced cross sections
RT	tectonics
	reconstruction
SN	Cross section as defined by D. Elliott (1983) which is consistent with observed structures in an area and of which it can be demonstrated that it can be restored to an unstrained state. Before 1995, also search balanced sections, and balanced cross-sectio

Balasore India
BT	Asia
	.Indian Peninsula
	..India
	...Orissa India
	....Balasore India
SN	Town and district on Bay of Bengal in NE Orissa.

Balaton (Lake)
USE	Lake Balaton

Balaton region
BT	ngary
	.Balaton region
RT	Lake Balaton
SN	Area around Lake Balaton in W Hungary. Also search Balaton.

Balcanoona Australia
BT	Australasia
	.Australia
	..South Australia
	...Balcanoona Australia
SN	Village in E South Australia.

Balcones Escarpment
USE	Balcones fault zone

Balcones fault zone
BT	United States
	.Texas
	..Balcones fault zone
UF	Balcones Escarpment
	Balcones-Ouachita Trend
	Ouachita-Balcones Trend
SN	Central Texas. Added to Thesaurus in 1989.

Balcones-Ouachita Trend
USE	Balcones fault zone

Bald Mountain
RT	Colorado
	Idaho
	Oregon
	South Dakota
	Utah
	Wyoming
SN	Name of peaks which occur in several states: central Colorado; central and SW central Idaho; E central Oregon; W South Dakota; NE Utah; N Wyoming and W central Wyoming. Indexed with states and counties as applicable.

Baldwin County Alabama
BT	United States
	.Alabama
	..Baldwin County Alabama
SN	On Mobile Bay and Gulf of Mexico in SW Alabama.

Baldwin County Georgia
BT	United States
	.Georgia
	..Baldwin County Georgia
SN	Central Georgia.

Balearic abyssal plain
USE	Balearic Basin

Balearic Basin
BT	Mediterranean Sea
	.West Mediterranean
	..Balearic Basin
UF	Algerian Plain
	Balearic abyssal plain
RT	Leg 13
	DSDP Site 124
	DSDP Site 133
	DSDP Site 134
	DSDP Site 372
	Leg 42A
SN	Between Balearic Islands and Sardinia.

Balearic Islands
BT	Mediterranean region
	.Balearic Islands
BT	Europe
	.Southern Europe
	..Iberian Peninsula
	...Spain
	....Balearic Islands
NT	Ibiza
	Majorca
	Minorca
RT	Mediterranean Sea
SN	Off E coast of Spain. Forms Spanish province of Baleares. This term has multiple hierarchies.

Balei Russian Federation
BT	Commonwealth of Independent States
	.Russian Federation
	..Chita Russian Federation
	...Balei Russian Federation
UF	Baley Russian Federation
SN	City in S central Chita Oblast E of Lake Baikal. Before 1993, Balei Russian Republic was also used. This term has multiple hierarchies.

Baley Russian Federation
USE	Balei Russian Federation

Bali
BT	Asia
	.Far East
	..Lesser Sunda Islands
	...Bali
BT	Asia
	.Far East
	..Indonesia
	...Bali
NT	Mount Agung
SN	Island off E end of Java. This term has multiple hierarchies.

Balkan Foreland
BT	Europe
	.Southern Europe
	..Bulgaria
	...Balkan Foreland
SN	A stable area marginal to the Balkan Mountains of central Bulgaria.

Balkan Mountains
BT	Europe
	.Southern Europe
	..Balkan Mountains
UF	Stara Planina
RT	Serbia
	Bulgaria
SN	Extends from Timok River of E Serbia through Bulgaria to the Black Sea. Indexed with countries or republic as applicable.

Balkan Peninsula
BT	Europe
	.Balkan Peninsula
UF	Balkan States
	Balkans
RT	Turkey
	Albania
	Croatia
	Montenegro
	Slovenia
	Yugoslavia
	Serbia
	Romania
	Bulgaria
	Bosnia-Herzegovina
	Greece
	Yugoslav Macedonia
SN	SE Europe between the Adriatic and Ionian seas on the W; the Mediterranean Sea on the S; and the Aegean and Black seas on the E. Before 1978, also search Balkans.

Balkan States
USE	Balkan Peninsula

Balkans
USE	Balkan Peninsula

Balkhan
BT	Asia
	.Turkmenia
	..Balkhan
SN	Two mountain ranges in Krasnovodsk Oblast in W: the Greater Balkhan Range and the Lesser Balkhan Range. This term has multiple hierarchies.

Balkhash (Lake)
USE	Lake Balkhash

Balkhash Kazakhstan
BT	Commonwealth of Independent States
	.Kazakhstan
	..Balkhash Kazakhstan
SN	City on N shore of Lake Balkhash. This term has multiple hierarchies.

Balkhash region
BT	Commonwealth of Independent States
	.Kazakhstan
	..Balkhash region
RT	Lake Balkhash
SN	Area around Lake Balkhash. This term has multiple hierarchies.

ball and pillow
USE	ball-and-pillow

ball-and-pillow
BT	sedimentary structures
	.soft sediment deformation
	..ball-and-pillow
UF	ball and pillow
RT	pillow structure
	primary structures

Ballachulish Complex
BT	Europe
	.Western Europe
	..Ballachulish Complex
RT	Precambrian
	Perthshire Scotland
	Scotland
	Donegal Ireland
	Argyllshire Scotland
	Highland region Scotland
	Ireland
	Dalradian
SN	Western Scotland and NW Ireland. Also search Ballachulish Slates, Ballachulish Subgroup. Added to Thesaurus in 1995.

Ballantrae Complex
BT	Chronostratigraphic Units
	.Phanerozoic
	..Paleozoic
	...Ordovician
	....Lower Ordovician
	.....Arenigian
	......Ballantrae Complex
RT	United Kingdom
	Scotland
	Great Britain
SN	SW Scotland. Added to Thesaurus in 1989.

Ballard County Kentucky
BT	United States
	.Kentucky
	..Ballard County Kentucky

balls, coal
USE	coal balls

Balmat
SN	No longer a valid term for GeoRef. See Balmat-Edwards mining district.

Balmat-Edwards District
USE	Balmat-Edwards mining district

Balmat-Edwards mining district
BT	United States
	.New York
	..Saint Lawrence County New York
	...Balmat-Edwards mining district
UF	Balmat-Edwards District
RT	mines
SN	Mining district in N New York. Before 1981, also search Balmat; Edwards. Added to Thesaurus in 1993.

Baltic Basin
USE	Baltic region

Baltic Coast
USE	Baltic region

Baltic Glaciation
BT	Chronostratigraphic Units
	.Phanerozoic
	..Cenozoic
	...Quaternary
	....upper Quaternary
	.....Baltic Glaciation
UF	Baltic Sea Stages
RT	Upper Pleistocene
	Russian Federation
	Baltic Sea
	Kola Peninsula
	Germany
	Sweden
	Ancylus Lake
	Baltic region
	Poland
	Norway
	Denmark
	Baltic ice lake
	Estonia
	Latvia
	Lithuania
	Litorina Sea
	lower Holocene
	Yoldia Sea
SN	Comprises Baltic region plus Norway which was completely covered by Pleistocene to upper Holocene glaciation. Also search Baltic AND glaciation. Includes Baltic ice lake, Yoldia Sea, Ancylus Lake, and Litorina Sea. Indexed with ages as applicable.

Baltic ice lake
BT	Chronostratigraphic Units
	.Phanerozoic
	..Cenozoic
	...Quarternary
	....Pleistocene
	.....Upper Pleistocene
	......Baltic ice lake
RT	Finland
	Baltic Sea
	Kola Peninsula
	Sweden
	Baltic Glaciation
	Baltic region
	Norway
	Scandinavia
SN	Upper Pleistocene. Stage of Baltic Glaciation which covered most of Scandinavia, Baltic Sea, Finland, and part of Kola Peninsula. Added to Thesaurus in 1993.

Baltic Plain
BT	Europe
	.Baltic Plain
BT	Russian Platform
	.Baltic Plain
RT	Russian Federation
	Estonia
	Latvia
SN	This term has multiple hierarchies. Indexed with countries as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1981.

Baltic region
BT	Europe
	.Baltic region
NT	Courland Spit
	Estonia
	Latvia
	Lithuania
UF	Baltic Basin
	Baltic Coast
RT	Russian Federation
	Finland
	Baltic Sea
	Germany
	Ancylus Lake
	Baltic Glaciation
	Denmark
	Baltic ice lake
	Litorina Sea
	Baltica
	Gulf of Riga
	Kaliningrad Russian Federation
	Laurussia
	Leningrad Oblast Russian Federation
	Peribaltic Syneclise
	Saint Petersburg Russi
SN	Also search Baltic. Indexed with Baltic Sea and countries as applicable.

Baltic Sea
BT	Atlantic Ocean
	.North Atlantic
	..Baltic Sea
NT	Gulf of Bothnia
	Gulf of Finland
	Gulf of Riga
	Kiel Bay
RT	Aland
	Ancylus Lake
	Baltic Glaciation
	Baltic region
	Baltic ice lake
	Yoldia Sea
	Bornholm
	Oland
	Oresund
	Saaremaa
	Stevns Klint
SN	Enclosed by Denmark, Sweden, Finland, Russian Federation, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, and Germany.

Baltic Sea Stages
USE	Baltic Glaciation

Baltic Shield
BT	Europe
	.Baltic Shield
UF	Fennoscandian Shield
RT	Russian Federation
	Finland
	Sweden
	Norway
	Denmark
	Estonia
	Latvia
	Baltica
	Fennoscandia
	Ladoga Series
	Lake Ladoga region
	Svecofennian Orogeny
SN	Indexed with countries as applicable.

Baltic Syneclise
USE	Peribaltic Syneclise

Baltica
RT	Baltic region
	Baltic Shield
	continental drift
	Estonia
	Europe
	Finland
	Latvia
	Laurentia
	Lithuania
	Norway
	Poland
	Russian Federation
	Scandinavia
	Sweden
SN	Ancient continent including Scandinavia and parts of N Europe from Poland across the Baltic region to N European Russia. Indexed with countries and continents as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1995.

Baltimore Canyon
BT	Atlantic Ocean
	.North Atlantic
	..Baltimore Canyon
RT	Atlantic Coastal Plain
	Baltimore Canyon Trough
	Leg 95
	submarine canyons
SN	Submarine canyon off Delaware and New Jersey. Added to Thesaurus in 1985.

Baltimore Canyon Trough
BT	Atlantic Ocean
	.North Atlantic
	..Baltimore Canyon Trough
RT	Baltimore Canyon
SN	Basin offshore E North America, extending from Cape Hatteras to Connecticut. In NW Atlantic. Added to Thesaurus in 1993.

Baltimore County Maryland
BT	United States
	.Maryland
	..Baltimore County Maryland
NT	Baltimore Maryland
SN	Nearly surrounds city of Baltimore in N Maryland.

Baltimore Gneiss
BT	Chronostratigraphic Units
	.Precambrian
	..Baltimore Gneiss
UF	Baltimore Mafic Complex
RT	Virginia
	Pennsylvania
	Maryland
SN	Unconformable below Glenarm Series. W Maryland, SE Pennsylvania, and central N Virginia.

Baltimore Mafic Complex
USE	Baltimore Gneiss

Baltimore Maryland
BT	United States
	.Maryland
	..Baltimore County Maryland
	...Baltimore Maryland
SN	City in but independent of Baltimore County, on Chesapeake Bay in N Maryland.

Baltisphaeridium
BT	palynomorphs
	.acritarchs
	..Baltisphaeridium
RT	microfossils
SN	Indexed with microfossils if applicable.

Baltoscandia
SN	Region consisting of Scandinavia, E Baltic region, NE Poland, and Podolia. For the modern region use Scandinavia, Baltic region, Poland, and/or Podolia as applicable.

Baluchistan Pakistan
BT	Asia
	.Indian Peninsula
	..Pakistan
	...Baluchistan Pakistan
RT	Sulaiman Range
SN	Province in W Pakistan.

Bambak Armenia
USE	Pambak Armenia

Bamberg County South Carolina
BT	United States
	.South Carolina
	..Bamberg County South Carolina

Bamble Norway
BT	Europe
	.Western Europe
	..Scandinavia
	...Norway
	....Telemark Norway
	.....Bamble Norway
SN	Village on the Skagerrak in S Telemark.

Bambui Group
BT	Chronostratigraphic Units
	.Precambrian
	..Proterozoic
	...Bambui Group
RT	Brazil
	Minas Gerais Brazil

Bamian Afghanistan
BT	Asia
	.Indian Peninsula
	..Afghanistan
	...Bamian Afghanistan
SN	Use for the province in N central Afghanistan. Also a town.

Banat
BT	Europe
	.Southern Europe
	..Banat
NT	Arad Romania
	Delinesti Romania
	Mehadia Romania
	Moldova Noua Romania
	Resita Romania
	Rusca Montana Romania
	Sasca-Montana Romania
	Severin
	Svinita Romania
UF	Banat of Temesvar
RT	Yugoslavia
	Serbia
	Romania
	Getic Nappe
	Hungary
	Mehedinti Plateau
	Semenic Mountains
	Vojvodina Yugoslavia
SN	Agricultural region. Part of Vojvodina in Serbia and the former Banat region of Romania. Also includes part of Hungary near Szeged. Indexed with countries or regions as applicable.

Banat of Temesvar
USE	Banat

Bancroft Ontario
BT	stings County Ontario
	.Bancroft Ontario
SN	Village between Ottawa and Georgian Bay in SE Ontario.

Band-e-Amir Iran
BT	Asia
	.Middle East
	..Iran
	...Fars Iran
	....Band-e-Amir Iran
SN	A settlement in S Iran.

band-pass filters
USE	passband filters

Banda Arc
BT	Pacific Ocean
	.West Pacific
	..Banda Arc
RT	Banda Sea
	Indonesian Seas
	Timor
	Timor Trough
SN	Island arc in the Banda Sea, Indonesian Seas region separated from Australian continental crust by the horseshoe-shaped Timor, Aru, and Seram troughs. Includes Sumba, Timor, Seram. Added to Thesaurus in 1993.

Banda Sea
BT	Pacific Ocean
	.South Pacific
	..Southwest Pacific
	...Banda Sea
BT	Pacific Ocean
	.West Pacific
	..Indonesian Seas
	...Banda Sea
RT	Banda Arc
SN	N of Timor, E of Flores Sea, S of Moluccas and W of New Guinea. This term has multiple hierarchies. Added to Thesaurus in 1985.

Bandai
BT	nshu
	.Fukushima Japan
	..Bandai
UF	Bandai-san
RT	volcanoes
SN	As of 1998, restricted to the volcano in Fukushima, central Honshu, Japan. Indexed with mountain range if applicable.

Bandai-san
USE	Bandai

Bandama River
BT	Africa
	.West Africa
	..Ivory Coast
	...Bandama River
SN	Rises in N Ivory Coast and flows S into Gulf of Guinea.

banded gneiss
BT	metamorphic rocks
	.gneisses
	..banded gneiss

Banded Gneissic Comple

Banded Gneissic Complex
BT	Chronostratigraphic Units
	.Precambrian
	..Proterozoic
	...Banded Gneissic Complex
RT	India
SN	Proterozoic. Rajasthan-Gujarat area, India. Added to Thesaurus in 1993.

banded iron formations
BT	sedimentary rocks
	.chemically precipitated rocks
	..iron formations
	...banded iron formations
UF	BIFs
RT	algoma-type deposits
	banded materials
	ferruginous composition
	iron-rich composition
	itabirite
	jaspilite
	taconite
SN	Before 1998, also search iron formations AND (banded materials OR banded structures).

banded materials
RT	banded iron formations
	materials
SN	Before 1978, also search banded.

banded structures
UF	banding
RT	petrology
	igneous rocks
	metamorphic rocks
SN	Also search banded.

Bandelier Tuff
BT	Chronostratigraphic Units
	.Phanerozoic
	..Cenozoic
	...Quarternary
	....Pleistocene
	.....Bandelier Tuff
RT	New Mexico
SN	N central New Mexico. Also search Bandelier Rhyolite Tuff. Added to Thesaurus in 1985.

Bandera County Texas
BT	United States
	.Texas
	..Bandera County Texas

banding
USE	banded structures

Bandundu Congo Democratic Republic
BT	Africa
	.Central Africa
	..Congo Democratic Republic
	...Bandundu Congo Democratic Republic
SN	Province. E Congo Democratic Republic. Before 1998, Bandundu Zaire was also used. Added to Thesaurus in 1998.

Banff Alberta
BT	Canada
	.Western Canada
	..Alberta
	...Banff Alberta
SN	Town in Banff National Park near the British Columbia border in SW Alberta.

Banff Formation
BT	Chronostratigraphic Units
	.Phanerozoic
	..Paleozoic
	...Carboniferous
	....Mississippian
	.....Lower Mississippian
	......Kinderhookian
	.......Banff Formation
RT	Alberta
	British Columbia
SN	Added to Thesaurus in 1989.

Banff National Park
BT	Canada
	.Western Canada
	..Alberta
	...Banff National Park
RT	national parks
	Columbia Icefield
	Kicking Horse River valley
	Lake Louise
SN	On the British Columbia border in SW Alberta.

Banffshire Scotland
BT	Europe
	.Western Europe
	..United Kingdom
	...Great Britain
	....Scotland
	.....Grampian region Scotland
	......Banffshire Scotland
SN	Former county on Moray Firth in NE Scotland.

Bangalore India
BT	Asia
	.Indian Peninsula
	..India
	...Karnataka India
	....Bangalore India
SN	City and district in SE Karnataka, S India.

Bangka
BT	Asia
	.Far East
	..Indonesia
	...Bangka
RT	Sumatra
SN	An island between SE Sumatra and SW Borneo.

Bangkok Thailand
BT	Asia
	.Far East
	..Thailand
	...Bangkok Thailand
SN	City on the Gulf of Siam in S Thailand.

Bangla Desh
USE	Bangladesh

Bangladesh
BT	Asia
	.Indian Peninsula
	..Bangladesh
NT	Magura Bangladesh
UF	Bangla Desh
	East Pakistan
RT	Indo-Australian Plate
	Bengal
	Brahmaputra River
	Ganges River
	Indian Plate
	Rajmahal Series
	Surma Group
	Vindhyan Basin
SN	Formerly East Pakistan.

Bangor Lim

Bangor Limestone
BT	Chronostratigraphic Units
	.Phanerozoic
	..Paleozoic
	...Carboniferous
	....Mississippian
	.....Upper Mississippian
	......Bangor Limestone
RT	Alabama
	Georgia
	Tennessee
SN	Includes Burgess Oolite and Rockwood Oolite, and Spout Spring Oolite near base. Alabama, central and E Tennessee, and NW Georgia.

Banja Luka Bosnia-Herzegovina
BT	snia-Herzegovina
	.Bosnia
	..Banja Luka Bosnia-Herzegovina
UF	Banja Luka Yugoslavia
SN	Town in N Bosnia. Before 1993, Banja Luka Yugoslavia was also used.

Banja Luka Yugoslavia
USE	Banja Luka Bosnia-Herzegovina

Bank Azerbaijan
BT	Europe
	.Azerbaijan
	..Bank Azerbaijan
SN	Town in SE Azerbaijan. This term has multiple hierarchies.

banks
BT	sedimentary structures
	.biogenic structures
	..banks
RT	embankments
	algal banks
	carbonate banks
	mud banks
SN	Restricted usage. Used for sedimentary structures. Not used for river banks or embankments.

Banks County Georgia
BT	United States
	.Georgia
	..Banks County Georgia

Banks Island
RT	Arctic Archipelago
	Franklin District Northwest Territories
	Northwest Territories
SN	W Franklin District. Indexed with Franklin District Northwest Territories as applicable.

Bankura India
BT	Asia
	.Indian Peninsula
	..India
	...West Bengal India
	....Bankura India
SN	Town and district in W West Bengal, E India.

Banner County Nebraska
BT	United States
	.Nebraska
	..Banner County Nebraska

Banning Fault
BT	United States
	.California
	..Banning Fault
SN	Southern California. Added to Thesaurus in 1989.

Bannock Basin
BT	Mediterranean Sea
	.East Mediterranean
	..Bannock Basin
RT	Leg 13
	Leg 42A
SN	Central Mediterranean Sea, WSW of Crete. Added to Thesaurus in 1993.

Bannock County Idaho
BT	United States
	.Idaho
	..Bannock County Idaho
RT	Bannock Range
SN	SE Idaho.

Bannock Range
BT	United States
	.Idaho
	..Bannock Range
RT	Bannock County Idaho
	Oneida County Idaho
SN	SE Idaho. Indexed with counties as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1985.

Banska Stiavnica Slovakia
BT	Europe
	.Central Europe
	..Slovakia
	...Banska Stiavnica Slovakia
SN	Town in S Slovakia. Before 1995, Banska Stiavnica Czechoslovakia was also used.

Baoha Vietnam
BT	Asia
	.Far East
	..Vietnam
	...Baoha Vietnam
SN	A town in N Vietnam.

Baquero Formation
BT	Chronostratigraphic Units
	.Phanerozoic
	..Mesozoic
	...Cretaceous
	....Lower Cretaceous
	.....Baquero Formation
RT	Argentina
	Santa Cruz Argentina

Bar Ukraine
BT	Europe
	.Ukraine
	..Bar Ukraine
SN	Town SW of Kiev in W Vinnitsa Oblast. This term has multiple hierarchies.

Barabash Suite
BT	Chronostratigraphic Units
	.Phanerozoic
	..Paleozoic
	...Permian
	....Upper Permian
	.....Barabash Suite
RT	Russian Federation
	Primorye Russian Federation
SN	Primorye Kray in Russian Far East.

Baraboo Quartzit

Baraboo Quartzite
BT	Chronostratigraphic Units
	.Precambrian
	..Proterozoic
	...Algonkian
	....Baraboo Quartzite
RT	Wisconsin
SN	Underlies Seeley Slate. Sauk and Columbia counties in S central Wisconsin.

Baraboo Wisconsin
BT	United States
	.Wisconsin
	..Sauk County Wisconsin
	...Baraboo Wisconsin
SN	City in S central Wisconsin.

Baraga County Michigan
BT	United States
	.Michigan
	..Michigan Upper Peninsula
	...Baraga County Michigan
SN	NW Michigan Upper Peninsula, N Michigan.

Baraga Group
BT	Chronostratigraphic Units
	.Precambrian
	..Proterozoic
	...Baraga Group
RT	Michigan
	Hemlock Formation
	Michigamme Formation
SN	N Michigan. Includes Goodrich Quartzite, Michigamme Formation (Bijiki iron formation, Clarksburg volcanics and Greenwood iron formation); Hemlock Formation, Fence River Formation and Badwater Greenstone. Added to Thesaurus in 1989.

Barail Group
BT	Chronostratigraphic Units
	.Phanerozoic
	..Cenozoic
	...Paleogene
	....Barail Group
RT	Oligocene
	India
	upper Eocene
SN	In Assam and Meghalaya, NE India. Upper Eocene-Oligocene. Indexed with age or ages. Added to Thesaurus in 1989.

Barakar Formation
USE	Barakar Stage

Barakar India
BT	Asia
	.Indian Peninsula
	..India
	...West Bengal India
	....Barakar India
SN	Town in W West Bengal, E India.

Barakar Stage
BT	Chronostratigraphic Units
	.Phanerozoic
	..Paleozoic
	...Permian
	....Lower Permian
	.....Barakar Stage
UF	Barakar Formation
RT	India
	Damuda Series
SN	Lowest stage of the Damuda Series. Named for Barakar River in Raniganj coal field of West Bengal. In N, NE, and E India.

Baralaba Coal Measures
BT	Chronostratigraphic Units
	.Phanerozoic
	..Paleozoic
	...Baralaba Coal Measures
RT	Carboniferous
	Permian
	Queensland Australia
	Australia
SN	Permo-Carboniferous. Indexed with ages as applicable.

Baranya Mountains
USE	Mecsek Mountains

Baraolt Basin
BT	Europe
	.Southern Europe
	..Romania
	...Transylvania
	....Baraolt Basin
SN	SE Transylvania.

Baraolt Romania
BT	Europe
	.Southern Europe
	..Romania
	...Transylvania
	....Baraolt Romania
SN	Town in SE Transylvania.

Barataria Bay
BT	United States
	.Louisiana
	..Barataria Bay
RT	Gulf Coastal Plain
	Lafourche Parish Louisiana
	Plaquemines Parish Louisiana
SN	Inlet of Gulf of Mexico between Lafourche and Plaquemines parishes.

Barbados
BT	Caribbean region
	.West Indies
	..Antilles
	...Lesser Antilles
	....Barbados
RT	Leg 171A
	ODP Site 1044
SN	Easternmost island of the Lesser Antilles.

Barbados Ridge
BT	Atlantic Ocean
	.North Atlantic
	..Barbados Ridge
RT	DSDP Site 541
	DSDP Site 542
	DSDP Site 543
	Leg 110
	Leg 156
	Leg 78A
	ODP Site 671
	ODP Site 947
	ODP Site 948
	ODP Site 949
SN	Extends N and S of Barbados with the island in the center.

Barber County Kansas
BT	United States
	.Kansas
	..Barber County Kansas
SN	On the Oklahoma border in S Kansas.

Barberton greenstone belt
BT	Africa
	.Southern Africa
	..Barberton greenstone belt
RT	Kaapvaal Craton
	Barberton Mountain Land
	Fig Tree Series
	Mpumalanga South Africa
	Onverwacht Group
	South Africa
	Swaziland
	Transvaal region
SN	In Kaapvaal Craton, Mpumalanga and N Swaziland. Before 1993, also search Barberton and greenstone. Includes Onverwacht Group, Fig Tree Group, and Moodies Group. Added to Thesaurus in 1993.

Barberton Mountain Land
BT	Africa
	.Southern Africa
	..South Africa
	...Mpumalanga South Africa
	....Barberton Mountain Land
RT	Barberton greenstone belt
SN	NE South Africa.

Barberton South Africa
BT	Africa
	.Southern Africa
	..South Africa
	...Mpumalanga South Africa
	....Barberton South Africa
SN	Town near Swaziland border.

barbosalite
BT	phosphates
	.barbosalite

Barbour County Alabama
BT	United States
	.Alabama
	..Barbour County Alabama

Barbour County West Virginia
BT	United States
	.West Virginia
	..Barbour County West Virginia

Barcelona City Spain
BT	Europe
	.Southern Europe
	..Iberian Peninsula
	...Spain
	....Catalonia Spain
	.....Barcelona Spain
	......Barcelona City Spain
SN	Refers only to the city on the Mediterranean Sea. Before 1981, also search Barcelona Spain.

Barcelona Spain
BT	Europe
	.Southern Europe
	..Iberian Peninsula
	...Spain
	....Catalonia Spain
	.....Barcelona Spain
NT	Barcelona City Spain
	Vich Spain
RT	Llobregat River basin
	Montserrat
	Ter River basin
SN	Refers only to the province on the Mediterranean Sea. From 1981-1993, also search Barcelona Province and Spain. For the city, see Barcelona City Spain.

barchans
BT	dunes
	.barchans
BT	eolian features
	.barchans
RT	wind transport
	geomorphology
	arid environment
	deserts
SN	This term has multiple hierarchies. Added to Thesaurus in 1985.

Bardo Mountains
BT	Europe
	.Central Europe
	..Poland
	...Wroclaw Poland
	....Bardo Mountains
SN	In SW Poland.

Barents Sea
BT	Arctic Ocean
	.Barents Sea
NT	White Sea
RT	Bear Island
SN	Part of Arctic Ocean N of Norway and Russian Federation, and between Spitsbergen and Novaya Zemlya.

Bari Italy
BT	Europe
	.Southern Europe
	..Italy
	...Apulia Italy
	....Bari Italy
SN	City and province on the Adriatic Sea.

Barinas Venezuela
BT	South America
	.Venezuela
	..Barinas Venezuela
SN	State in SW Venezuela. Also a city.

Baringo Lake
USE	Lake Baringo

barite
BT	sulfates
	.barite
RT	barite deposits
SN	As of 1981, use barite deposits for barite as a commodity.

barite deposits
RT	Aberfeldy
	barite
	Clara Mine
	Fukazawa Mine
	North Pole Deposit
SN	Commodity. See List C.

barium
BT	metals
	.alkaline earth metals
	..barium
UF	Ba
RT	barylite

barium feldspar
BT	silicates
	.framework silicates
	..feldspar group
	...barium feldspar
NT	celsian
	hyalophane
	paracelsian
RT	barium silicates

barium silicates
BT	silicates
	.barium silicates
RT	barium feldspar

Barmer India
BT	Asia
	.Indian Peninsula
	..India
	...Rajasthan India
	....Barmer India
SN	Town in W Rajasthan, W India.

Barnes County North Dakota
BT	United States
	.North Dakota
	..Barnes County North Dakota

Barnes ice cap
BT	Canada
	.Eastern Canada
	..Baffin Island
	...Barnes ice cap
SN	Central Baffin Island in Franklin District. This term has multiple hierarchies.

Barnett Formation
BT	Chronostratigraphic Units
	.Phanerozoic
	..Paleozoic
	...Carboniferous
	....Mississippian
	.....Barnett Formation
RT	Texas
SN	Central Texas. Added to Thesaurus in 1989.

Barnstable County Massachusetts
BT	United States
	.Massachusetts
	..Barnstable County Massachusetts
NT	Cape Cod
	Woods Hole Massachusetts
RT	Buzzards Bay
	Massachusetts Bay
SN	Coextensive with Cape Cod in SE Massachusetts.

Barnwell County South Carolina
BT	United States
	.South Carolina
	..Barnwell County South Carolina
RT	Savannah River Plant
SN	W South Carolina.

Barnwell Formation
BT	Chronostratigraphic Units
	.Phanerozoic
	..Cenozoic
	...Paleogene
	....Eocene
	.....upper Eocene
	......Barnwell Formation
RT	South Carolina
	Georgia
	Jackson Group
SN	In Jackson Group. SW South Carolina and E Georgia. Added to Thesaurus in 1985.

Baroda
SN	No longer a valid term for GeoRef. Former state in SE Gujarat, W India. For the city and district, see Baroda India.

Baroda India
BT	Asia
	.Indian Peninsula
	..India
	...Gujarat India
	....Baroda India
SN	City and district in SE Gujarat, W India.

barometry, geologic
USE	geologic barometry

Baron France
BT	Europe
	.Western Europe
	..France
	...Oise France
	....Baron France
SN	SW Oise, France.

Baronnies
BT	Europe
	.Western Europe
	..France
	...Drome France
	....Baronnies
SN	Hilly region in SE France.

Barracuda Ridge
BT	Atlantic Ocean
	.North Atlantic
	..Barracuda Ridge
RT	Caribbean Sea
SN	In the Anegada Passage area between the Virgin Islands and the N Leeward Islands.

Barrandian
BT	Chronostratigraphic Units
	.Phanerozoic
	..Paleozoic
	...Cambrian
	....Middle Cambrian
	.....Barrandian
SN	Stage.

Barrandian area
USE	Barrandian Basin

Barrandian Basin
BT	Europe
	.Central Europe
	..Czech Republic
	...Barrandian Basin
UF	Barrandian area

Barre Granite
BT	Chronostratigraphic Units
	.Phanerozoic
	..Paleozoic
	...Devonian
	....Barre Granite
RT	Vermont
SN	An elongated, oval-shaped body that crops out in northwestern and west-central parts of East Barre Quadrangle, Washington County, Vermont.

Barreal Argentina
BT	South America
	.Argentina
	..San Juan Argentina
	...Barreal Argentina
SN	Town in SW San Juan Province.

Barreiras Formation
BT	Chronostratigraphic Units
	.Phanerozoic
	..Cenozoic
	...Tertiary
	....Barreiras Formation
RT	Brazil
	Pernambuco Brazil
	Bahia Brazil
	Espirito Santo Brazil
	Para Brazil

Barreirinhas Basin
BT	South America
	.Brazil
	..Maranhao Brazil
	...Barreirinhas Basin
SN	NE Maranhao.

Barremian
BT	Chronostratigraphic Units
	.Phanerozoic
	..Mesozoic
	...Cretaceous
	....Lower Cretaceous
	.....Barremian
RT	Speeton Clay
SN	Europe. Above Hauterivian, below Aptian.

Barren County Kentucky
BT	United States
	.Kentucky
	..Barren County Kentucky

Barren Measures
RT	India
	Middle Permian
SN	Middle Permian. Northeastern Indian coal fields. Underlies Raniganj Stage; overlies Barakar Formation. Indexed with age or ages as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1993.

barrier bars
USE	longshore bars

barrier beaches
BT	shore features
	.barrier beaches
RT	geomorphology
	barrier islands
	beaches
	longshore bars
	sand ridges
SN	Added to Thesaurus in 1985.

barrier islands
RT	artificial islands
	barrier beaches
	bars
	capes
	geomorphology
	islands
	littoral erosion
	longshore bars
	sand ridges
	shore features
	shorelines
	tombolos
SN	Before 1981, also search barriers. Indexed with shore features if applicable.

barrier reefs
BT	reefs
	.barrier reefs
RT	lagoons
	fringing reefs

barriers
SN	As of 1981, no longer a valid term for GeoRef. See barrier islands; longshore bars. As of 1993, also see disposal barriers.

Barringer Crater
USE	Meteor Crater

Barron County Wisconsin
BT	United States
	.Wisconsin
	..Barron County Wisconsin

Barrovian-type deposits
RT	aureoles
	haloes
	metamorphic belts
	metamorphism
	mineral deposits, genesis
	prograde metamorphism
	regional metamorphism
	zoning
SN	Belt of increasing metamorphic grade in complexes of regional dynamothermal metamorphism. May also refer to a characteristic facies series in Scotland. Also index type of metamorphism. Added to Thesaurus in 1998.

Barrow Alaska
BT	United States
	.Alaska
	..Northern Alaska
	...Barrow Alaska
UF	Point Barrow Alaska
RT	Arctic Ocean
	Barrow Field
	Point Barrow
SN	City about 12 miles S of Point Barrow on the Arctic Ocean. As of 1993, also use for the Eskimo village on Point Barrow headland, N Alaska. Also search Point Barrow or Nuwuk in combination with Alaska.

Barrow County Georgia
BT	United States
	.Georgia
	..Barrow County Georgia

Barrow Field
RT	Barrow Alaska
	North Slope
	Northern Alaska
	oil and gas fields
SN	Natural gas field. North Slope, N Alaska. Also in other locations. Indexed with county or region as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1989.

Barrow Island
RT	Western Australia
SN	Off NW coast of Western Australia. Indexed with Western Australia as applicable.

Barry County Michigan
BT	United States
	.Michigan
	..Michigan Lower Peninsula
	...Barry County Michigan

Barry County Missouri
BT	United States
	.Missouri
	..Barry County Missouri

bars
NT	longshore bars
	point bars
UF	sand bars
RT	geomorphology
	fluvial features
	bedding plane irregularities
	barrier islands
	shorelines
	shore features
	sand ridges
	capes
	littoral erosion
	tombolos
	planar bedding structures
	veins
SN	As of 1993, not to be used for sedimentary structures. Also index fluvial features and/or shore features if applicable.

Barsakelmes
BT	Asia
	.Central Asia
	..Barsakelmes
RT	Kazakhstan
	Uzbekistan
	Aral Sea
	Ustyurt
SN	Region of depression in Ustyurt in W Uzbekistan. Also an island in the Aral Sea, S Kazakhstan. Indexed with Uzbekistan or Kazakhstan as applicable.

Barstovian
BT	Chronostratigraphic Units
	.Phanerozoic
	..Cenozoic
	...Neogene
	....Miocene
	.....Barstovian
SN	North America.

Barstow California
BT	United States
	.California
	..San Bernardino County California
	...Barstow California
SN	City in S California.

Barstow Formation
BT	Chronostratigraphic Units
	.Phanerozoic
	..Cenozoic
	...Neogene
	....Miocene
	.....Barstow Formation
RT	California
SN	Middle and upper Miocene. S California. Added to Thesaurus in 1985.

Barth Germany
BT	Europe
	.Central Europe
	..Germany
	...Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania Germany
	....Barth Germany
RT	Mecklenburg
SN	Town on the Baltic Sea in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania. Before 1993, Barth was used with Mecklenburg and with Rostock Bezirk.

Bartholomew County Indiana
BT	Indiana
	.Bartholomew County Indiana

Bartlesville Sand
BT	Chronostratigraphic Units
	.Phanerozoic
	..Paleozoic
	...Carboniferous
	....Bartlesville Sand
RT	Mississippian
	Pennsylvanian
	Oklahoma
	Kansas
SN	In Kansas and Oklahoma.

Barton Beds
BT	Chronostratigraphic Units
	.Phanerozoic
	..Cenozoic
	...Paleogene
	....Eocene
	.....Bartonian
	......Barton Beds
RT	England
	United Kingdom
SN	Overlain by the lower Headon Beds and rest on the upper Bracklesham Beds. Divided into lower, middle, and upper Barton Beds. Hampshire County in S England. Also search Barton.

Barton County Kansas
BT	United States
	.Kansas
	..Barton County Kansas
SN	Central Kansas.

Barton County Missouri
BT	United States
	.Missouri
	..Barton County Missouri
SN	SW Missouri.

Barton Springs
RT	Hays County Texas
	Texas
	Travis County Texas
SN	S central Texas. Indexed with counties or regions as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1989.

Bartonian
BT	Chronostratigraphic Units
	.Phanerozoic
	..Cenozoic
	...Paleogene
	....Eocene
	.....Bartonian
BT	Chronostratigraphic Units
	.Phanerozoic
	..Cenozoic
	...Paleogene
	....Eocene
	.....upper Eocene
	......Bartonian
NT	Barton Beds
RT	Priabonian
SN	Europe. Above Auversian, below Ludian.

Bartow County Georgia
BT	United States
	.Georgia
	..Bartow County Georgia
NT	Cartersville Georgia
SN	NW Georgia.

Barwell Meteorite
BT	meteorites
	.stony meteorites
	..chondrites
	...L chondrites
	....Barwell Meteorite
RT	England
	United Kingdom
	Great Britain
	Leicestershire England
SN	Impact in Leicestershire, England. Before 1981, also search Barwell and meteorites. Added to Thesaurus in 1981.

barylite
BT	silicates
	.ring silicates
	..barylite
RT	barium

Barytherioidea
BT	Chordata
	.Vertebrata
	..Tetrapoda
	...Mammalia
	....Theria
	.....Eutheria
	......Proboscidea
	.......Barytherioidea

Bas-Dauphine
BT	Europe
	.Western Europe
	..France
	...Bas-Dauphine
RT	Dauphine
	Dauphine Alps
SN	Region. Part of the historic province of Dauphine in SE France. Associated with the Dauphine Alps.

Bas-Rhin France
BT	Europe
	.Western Europe
	..France
	...Bas-Rhin France
NT	Bouxwiller France
	Soultz-sous-Forets France
	Strasbourg France
RT	Alsace
	Saar Basin
SN	Department in Alsace in extreme NE France.

Bas-Zaire Congo Democratic Republic
USE	Lower Zaire Congo Democratic Republic

basalt flows
RT	basalts
	flood basalts
	flow texture
	lava flows
SN	Before 1993, also search lava flows AND basalts. Added to Thesaurus in 1993.

basalt glass
SN	Not a valid term for GeoRef. Use volcanic glass AND (basalts or basaltic composition).

basaltic
SN	Not a valid term for GeoRef. Use basaltic composition or basaltic layer.

basaltic composition
RT	basalts
	igneous rocks
	composition
SN	Before 1978, also search basaltic.

basaltic domes
USE	shield volcanoes

basaltic layer
UF	layer, basaltic
	sima
RT	crust
	lower crust
	granitic layer

basaltic rocks
SN	Not a valid term for GeoRef. Use basalts or basaltic composition.

basalts
BT	igneous rocks
	.volcanic rocks
	..basalts
NT	absarokite
	alkali basalts
	ankaramite
	columnar basalt
	flood basalts
	melaphyre
	mid-ocean ridge basalts
	ocean-island basalts
	oceanite
	olivine basalt
	olivine tholeiite
	shoshonite
	tholeiite
	tholeiitic basalt
	trap rocks
RT	lava
	augite
	basalt flows
	basaltic composition
	diabase
	metabasalt
	picrite
	picrite porphyry
	pillow lava
	pyrolite
	quartz diabase
	tholeiitic composition
SN	Also search basaltic rocks.

basanite
BT	igneous rocks
	.volcanic rocks
	..basalts
	...alkali basalts
	....basanite

basculating faults
USE	wrench faults

base exchange
USE	ion exchange

base maps
BT	maps
	.base maps
RT	topographic maps
SN	Added to Thesaurus in 1989.

base metals
BT	metal ores
	.base metals
RT	metals
	Agrokipia Deposit
	copper ores
	zinc ores
	precious metals
	alloys
	Broken Hill Mine
	Gays River Deposit
	lead ores
	Nasliden Mine
SN	See list C for use as a commodity term.

base surges
RT	nuees ardentes
	pyroclastic flows
	pyroclastic surges
	sedimentation
	surges
	volcanism
SN	Used in sedimentation and for pyroclastic flows. As of 1995, also see pyroclastic surges if applicable.

base-level peneplain
USE	peneplains

Basel Switzerland
BT	Europe
	.Central Europe
	..Switzerland
	...Basel Switzerland
UF	Basle Switzerland
SN	Canton composed of demicantons of Basel-Land and Basel-Stadt. Also a city.

baselevel
SN	Use peneplains, erosion surfaces, lake-level changes, or sea-level changes.

baseline studies
RT	background level
	environmental analysis
	feasibility studies
	geodesy
	monitoring
	quality control
	sensitivity analysis
SN	Added to Thesaurus in 1998.

basement
UF	basement rocks
	basement structure
RT	tectonics
	igneous rocks
	metamorphic rocks
	crust
	Mohorovicic discontinuity
	basement tectonics
	sedimentary cover
	shields
	supracrustals

basement rocks
USE	basement

basement structure
USE	basement

basement tectonics
BT	tectonics
	.basement tectonics
RT	metamorphic rocks
	basement
	supracrustals
	thick-skinned tectonics
SN	Before 1993, also search basement AND tectonics. Added to Thesaurus in 1993.

Bashkiria Russian Federation
USE	Bashkortostan Russian Federation

Bashkirian
BT	Chronostratigraphic Units
	.Phanerozoic
	..Paleozoic
	...Carboniferous
	....Pennsylvanian
	.....Bashkirian
BT	Chronostratigraphic Units
	.Phanerozoic
	..Paleozoic
	...Carboniferous
	....Upper Carboniferous
	.....Bashkirian
UF	Bashkirian Stage
SN	Europe.

Bashkirian Stage
USE	Bashkirian

Bashkortostan Russian Federation
BT	Commonwealth of Independent States
	.Russian Federation
	..Bashkortostan Russian Federation
BT	Europe
	.Bashkortostan Russian Federation
NT	Sibay Russian Federation
	Tuymazy Russian Federation
	Uchaly Russian Federation
	Ufa Russian Federation
UF	Bashkiria Russian Federation
RT	Arlan
	Ural region
	Yuryuzan Russian Federation
SN	Former Bashkir Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic in SE Russian Federation. Before 1993, Bashkortostan Russian Republic was also used. This term has multiple hierarchies.

BASIC
BT	computer languages
	.BASIC
RT	computer programs
	data processing
SN	Added to Thesaurus in 1985.

basic rocks
SN	Not a valid term for GeoRef. Use mafic composition.

Basilicata Italy
BT	Europe
	.Southern Europe
	..Italy
	...Basilicata Italy
NT	Matera Italy
	Potenza Italy
RT	Vulture Mountain
	Irpinia earthquake 1980
	Lucania
SN	Autonomous region in S Italy.

basin analysis
RT	analysis
	basin inversion
	decompaction
	facies
	geochemistry
	geophysical methods
	geophysical surveys
	petroleum exploration
	sedimentary basins
	sedimentation
SN	For petroleum studies, also search petroleum exploration AND sedimentary basins or basin of interest e.g. Williston Basin. Also index types of analysis. Added to Thesaurus in 1995.

Basin and Range Province
BT	North America
	.Basin and Range Province
NT	Great Basin
RT	New Mexico
	United States
	Idaho
	Utah
	California
	Texas
	Nevada
	Arizona
	Oregon
	Battle Mountain High
	Manzano Mountains
	Mineral Mountains
	Nopah Range
	Pilot Range
	Quitman Mountains
	Rincon Mountains
	Sevier Desert
	Sonora Mexico
	Tijeras Canyon
	Toquima Range
	Walker
SN	Physiographic province in W and SW United States characterized by a series of tilted fault blocks forming longitudinal, asymmetric ridges of mountains and broad intervening basins.

basin inversion
UF	inversion, basin
RT	tectonics
	basin analysis
	basins
	inversion tectonics
	relief inversion
SN	Also search basins AND (inversion OR inversion tectonics).

basin management
RT	basins
	conservation
	drainage basins
	ground water
	hydrology
	land management
	land use
	reclamation
	surface water
	water management
	water resources
SN	Added to Thesaurus in 1982.

Basin of Mexico
SN	Not a valid term for GeoRef. See Sigsbee Deep or Valley of Mexico.

basin range structure
UF	basin-range structure
	range, basin
RT	tectonics
	faults
	basins
SN	Also search basin range; basin-range.

basin-range structure
USE	basin range structure

basins
NT	back-arc basins
	fore-arc basins
	foreland basins
	intermontane basins
	intracratonic basins
	marginal basins
	piggyback basins
	pull-apart basins
	sedimentary basins
UF	basins, structural
	structural basins
RT	sedimentation
	ocean basins
	tectonics
	extension tectonics
	paleogeography
	folds
	drainage basins
	basin inversion
	basin management
	basin range structure
	depressions
	morphostructures
	playas

basins, drainage
USE	drainage basins

basins, structural
USE	basins

Baskunchak Series
RT	Permian
	Permian-Triassic boundary
	Russian Federation
	Triassic
SN	S Urals. Indexed with age as applicable.

Basle Switzerland
USE	Basel Switzerland

Basommatophora
BT	Invertebrata
	.Mollusca
	..Gastropoda
	...Pulmonata
	....Basommatophora
NT	Planorbis

Basque Provinces Spain
BT	Europe
	.Southern Europe
	..Iberian Peninsula
	...Spain
	....Basque Provinces Spain
NT	Alava Spain
	Guipuzcoa Spain
	Vizcaya Spain
UF	Pais Vasco Spain
RT	Cantabrian Basin
SN	On the Bay of Biscay near the French border. Indexed with provinces as applicable.

Bass Basin
USE	Bass Strait

Bass Islands Dolomite
BT	Chronostratigraphic Units
	.Phanerozoic
	..Paleozoic
	...Silurian
	....Bass Islands Dolomite
RT	Ontario
	Kentucky
	Ohio
	Pennsylvania
	New York
	Michigan
	Michigan Basin
SN	Michigan Basin. Added to Thesaurus in 1989.

Bass Strait
UF	Bass Basin
RT	Australia
	Indian Ocean
	Tamar Estuary
	Tasman Sea
	Western Port
	Wynyard Australia
SN	Large channel separating Victoria from Tasmania and the Indian Ocean from the Tasman Sea. Also index Tasman Sea and/or Indian Ocean as applicable.

bassanite
BT	sulfates
	.bassanite

Basses-Alpes
USE	Alpes-de-Haute Provence France

Basses-Pyrenees France
USE	Pyrenees-Atlantiques France

Bastar India
BT	Asia
	.Indian Peninsula
	..India
	...Madhya Pradesh India
	....Bastar India
SN	District in SE Madhya Pradesh, E central India.

bastnaesite
BT	carbonates
	.bastnaesite
BT	halides
	.fluorides
	..bastnaesite
UF	bastnasite
RT	rare earth deposits
SN	This term has multiple hierarchies.

bastnasite
USE	bastnaesite

Bastogne Belgium
BT	Europe
	.Western Europe
	..Belgium
	...Luxembourg Belgium
	....Bastogne Belgium
SN	Town in E Luxembourg Province, SE Belgium.

Bastrop County Texas
BT	United States
	.Texas
	..Bastrop County Texas
SN	S central Texas.

Basutoland
USE	Lesotho

Bataan Philippine Islands
BT	Asia
	.Far East
	..Philippine Islands
	...Luzon
	....Bataan Philippine Islands
SN	Province, S Luzon, Philippine Islands.

Batchawana Bay
BT	Canada
	.Eastern Canada
	..Ontario
	...Batchawana Bay
RT	Lake Superior
SN	On Lake Superior N of Sault Sainte Marie.

Batenev Ridge
BT	Commonwealth of Independent States
	.Russian Federation
	..Kuznetsk Alatau
	...Batenev Ridge
SN	In the Kuznetsk Alatau of the Khakass Autonomous Oblast SW of Krasnoyarsk. This term has multiple hierarchies.

Bates County Missouri
BT	United States
	.Missouri
	..Bates County Missouri

Batesville Arkansas
BT	United States
	.Arkansas
	..Independence County Arkansas
	...Batesville Arkansas
SN	City in NE Arkansas.

Bath County Kentucky
BT	United States
	.Kentucky
	..Bath County Kentucky
SN	NE Kentucky.

Bath County Virginia
BT	United States
	.Virginia
	..Bath County Virginia
SN	W Virginia.

Bath England
BT	Europe
	.Western Europe
	..United Kingdom
	...Great Britain
	....England
	.....Avon England
	......Bath England
RT	Somerset England
SN	City near Bristol, SW England.

batholiths
BT	intrusions
	.batholiths
UF	abyssolith
	central granite
	intrusive mountain
RT	igneous rocks
	domes
	dikes
	laccoliths
	lopoliths
	plutons
	stocks

Bathonian
BT	Chronostratigraphic Units
	.Phanerozoic
	..Mesozoic
	...Jurassic
	....Middle Jurassic
	.....Bathonian
NT	Great Oolite Series
RT	Dogger
	Garn Formation
	White Limestone
SN	Europe. Above Bajocian, below Callovian.

Bathurst Australia
BT	Australasia
	.Australia
	..New South Wales Australia
	...Bathurst Australia
SN	City in New South Wales.

Bathurst Island
RT	Arctic Archipelago
	Franklin District Northwest Territories
	Northern Territory Australia
	Northwest Territories
	Queen Elizabeth Islands
SN	Island in Parry Islands, NW Franklin District, Northwest Territories, Canada. Also island in Northern Territory, Australia. Indexed with regions as applicable.

Bathurst mining district
BT	Canada
	.Eastern Canada
	..Maritime Provinces
	...New Brunswick
	....Gloucester County New Brunswick
	.....Bathurst mining district
RT	mines
	metal ores
SN	Gloucester County, New Brunswick. Added to Thesaurus in 1993.

Bathurst New Brunswick
BT	Canada
	.Eastern Canada
	..Maritime Provinces
	...New Brunswick
	....Gloucester County New Brunswick
	.....Bathurst New Brunswick
SN	City, Gloucester County. Also see Bathurst mining district if applicable.

bathymetric features
SN	Use bottom features for ocean floors. Use bottom features and lakes for lakebed features.

bathymetric maps
BT	maps
	.bathymetric maps
RT	ocean floors
	bathymetry
	isobath maps
SN	Before 1978, search maps AND bathymetric.

bathymetric methods
USE	bathymetry

bathymetry
UF	bathymetric methods
RT	ocean floors
	oceanography
	geophysical methods
	echo sounding
	geophysical surveys
	marine geology
	bathymetric maps
	isobath maps
	paleo-oceanography
	paleobathymetry
	Seabeam

Baton Rouge Louisiana
BT	United States
	.Louisiana
	..East Baton Rouge Parish Louisiana
	...Baton Rouge Louisiana
SN	City on the Mississippi River in SE central Louisiana.

Battambang Cambodia
BT	Asia
	.Far East
	..Cambodia
	...Battambang Cambodia
SN	Town in W Cambodia.

Battery Point Formation
BT	Chronostratigraphic Units
	.Phanerozoic
	..Paleozoic
	...Devonian
	....Lower Devonian
	.....Battery Point Formation
RT	Quebec
	Gaspe Peninsula
SN	Gaspe Peninsula. Above York River Formation; below Malbaie Formation. Added to Thesaurus in 1989.

Battle Mountain
RT	Colorado
	Eagle County Colorado
	Lander County Nevada
	Nevada
SN	Lander County, N central Nevada; Eagle County, N central Colorado. Indexed with counties or regions as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1989.

Battle Mountain High
BT	United States
	.Battle Mountain High
RT	Idaho
	Wyoming
	Montana
	Nevada
	Great Basin
	Basin and Range Province
	Oregon
	heat flow
	Western U.S.
SN	Heat flow anomaly in region including parts of N Nevada, SE Oregon, S Idaho, SW Montana, and NW Wyoming. Indexed with states as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1981.

Batumi Georgian Republic
BT	Europe
	.Georgian Republic
	..Adzharistan Georgian Republic
	...Batumi Georgian Republic
SN	City on the Black Sea near the Turkish border. May also be called Batum.

Bauchi Plateau
USE	Jos Plateau

Bauer Deep
BT	Pacific Ocean
	.South Pacific
	..Southeast Pacific
	...Bauer Deep
SN	SE Pacific Ocean, E of the East Pacific Rise. This term has multiple hierarchies.

Baumkirchen
BT	Europe
	.Central Europe
	..Austria
	...Tyrol Austria
	....Baumkirchen
RT	Inn Valley
SN	Region in Inn Valley.

Bauru Formation
RT	Brazil
	K-T boundary
	lower Tertiary
	Minas Gerais Brazil
	Sao Paulo Brazil
	Upper Cretaceous
SN	Upper Cretaceous to lower Tertiary. Indexed with ages as applicable.

bauxite
RT	aluminum
	aluminum ores
	aluminum oxides
	bauxitization
	clastic rocks
	clay minerals
	laterites
	sedimentary rocks
SN	Includes use both as a commodity term and a sedimentary rock. See List C for use as a commodity term.

bauxitization
RT	bauxite
	laterites
	laterization
	mineral deposits, genesis
	processes
	weathering

Bavaria Germany
BT	Europe
	.Central Europe
	..Germany
	...Bavaria Germany
NT	Ansbach Germany
	Bavarian Forest
	Bavarian Massif
	Bayreuth Germany
	Coburg Germany
	Eichstatt Germany
	Erlangen Germany
	Franconian Forest
	Franconian Jura
	Hagendorf
	Kelheim Germany
	Middle Franconia
	Munchberg Gneiss Massif
	Nabburg Germany
	Neuburg Germany
	Nuremberg Germany
	Passau Germany
	Regensburg Germany
	Ries Crater
	Sandelzhausen Germany
	Solnhofen Germany
	Spessart
	Upper Bavaria Germany
	Upper Franconia Germany
	Upper Palatinate
	Weissenburg Germany
RT	Allgau Alps
	Alpenvorland
	Northern Limestone Alps
	Franconia
	Lake Constance
	Main River
	Odenwald
	Palatinate
	Swabia
	Inn Valley
	Bavarian Alps
	Fichtelgebirge
	Isar Valley
	KTB
	Rhon Mountains
	Saale River
	Salzach River
	Schwarzenberg Germany
	Solnhofen Limestone
SN	State in SE Germany.

Bavarian Alps
BT	Europe
	.Central Europe
	..Bavarian Alps
BT	Europe
	.Alps
	..Central Alps
	...Bavarian Alps
RT	Bavaria Germany
	Tyrol Austria
	Northern Limestone Alps
	Upper Bavaria Germany
SN	Range of the Central Alps along the Austro-German border. This term has multiple hierarchies. Indexed with name of country and province or state.

Bavarian Forest
BT	Europe
	.Central Europe
	..Germany
	...Bavaria Germany
	....Bavarian Forest
SN	A subsidiary forested mountain range of the Bohemian Forest in E Bavaria.

Bavarian Massif
BT	Europe
	.Central Europe
	..Germany
	...Bavaria Germany
	....Bavarian Massif
SN	Added to Thesaurus in 1981.

bavenite
BT	silicates
	.sheet silicates
	..bavenite
RT	aluminosilicates

Baxter County Arkansas
BT	United States
	.Arkansas
	..Baxter County Arkansas

Bay County Florida
BT	United States
	.Florida
	..Bay County Florida

Bay County Michigan
BT	United States
	.Michigan
	..Michigan Lower Peninsula
	...Bay County Michigan

Bay of Bengal
BT	Indian Ocean
	.Bay of Bengal
NT	Andaman Basin
RT	Andaman Sea
	Godavari River
	Krishna-Godavari Basin
	Bengal Fan
	Strait of Malacca
SN	Part of Indian Ocean between India and the W coast of Burma.

Bay of Biscay
BT	Atlantic Ocean
	.North Atlantic
	..Bay of Biscay
NT	Cantabria Seamount
	Vilaine Bay
UF	Biscay Bay
	Golfo de Vizcaya
	Gulf of Gascony
RT	Arcachon Basin
	Bay of Bourgneuf
	DSDP Site 118
	DSDP Site 402
	Gironde Estuary
	Groix Island
	Leg 48
	Vizcaya Spain
SN	Large inlet of the Atlantic Ocean between the W tip of Brittany and NW Spain.

Bay of Bourgneuf
BT	Europe
	.Western Europe
	..France
	...Bay of Bourgneuf
RT	Loire-Atlantique France
	Bay of Biscay
	Vendee France
SN	On Bay of Biscay off Vendee and Loire-Atlantique departments.

Bay of Fundy
BT	Atlantic Ocean
	.North Atlantic
	..Bay of Fundy
RT	Cumberland Basin
	Minas Basin
SN	Inlet between Maine and New Brunswick on the W and Nova Scotia on the E.

Bay of Haifa
USE	Haifa Bay

Bay of Islands
RT	Gulf of Saint Lawrence
	New Zealand
	Newfoundland Island
	North Island
SN	Inlet of Gulf of Saint Lawrence off W coast of Newfoundland Island. Also occurs in NE coast of North Island, New Zealand. Indexed with North Island and New Zealand; OR Newfoundland Island as applicable.

Bay of Islands Ophiolite
BT	Chronostratigraphic Units
	.Phanerozoic
	..Paleozoic
	...lower Paleozoic
	....Bay of Islands Ophiolite
UF	Baie of Islands Ophiolite
RT	Newfoundland Island
SN	Ordovician? W Newfoundland. Added to Thesaurus in 1989.

Bay of Mont-Saint-Michel
USE	Bay of Saint-Michel

Bay of Naples
BT	Europe
	.Southern Europe
	..Italy
	...Campania Italy
	....Bay of Naples
RT	Gulf of Pozzuoli
	Sorrento Peninsula
	Tyrrhenian Sea
SN	Inlet of Tyrrhenian Sea off the city of Naples.

Bay of Plenty
BT	Australasia
	.New Zealand
	..Bay of Plenty
RT	Pacific Ocean
	North Island
	Edgecumbe earthquake 1987
SN	Large inlet off NE coast of North Island, New Zealand. Also Index North Island.

Bay of Saint Michel
USE	Bay of Saint-Michel

Bay of Saint-Michel
BT	Europe
	.Western Europe
	..France
	...Bay of Saint-Michel
UF	Bay of Mont-Saint-Michel
	Bay of Saint Michel
	Mont-Saint-Michel Bay
RT	English Channel
	Manche France
SN	On English Channel off SW corner of Normandy. Location of Mont Saint Michel.

Bay of the Seine
BT	Europe
	.Western Europe
	..France
	...Bay of the Seine
RT	English Channel
SN	Inlet of the English Channel off Normandy between Cotentin Peninsula on W to mouth of Seine River on E.

Bay Park New York
BT	United States
	.New York
	..Nassau County New York
	...Bay Park New York
RT	Long Island
SN	Town on Long Island in SE New York.

Bayan Obo China
BT	Asia
	.Far East
	..China
	...Inner Mongolia China
	....Bayan Obo China
UF	Bayanobo China
SN	Inner Mongolia, central N China. Site of Bayan Obo Deposit, large iron-niobium-rare earths deposit. Also search Bayanobo and China.

Bayan-Nuurin-khotnor Basin
BT	Asia
	.Far East
	..Mongolia
	...Bayan-Nuurin-khotnor Basin
RT	Hangay Mountains
SN	Part of the Bayan-khongor fault valley, central Mongolia. Between the Hangay Mountains to the NE and the South Hangay Upland to the SW. Contained a pluvial lake during the Pleistocene. Added to Thesaurus in 1981.

Bayanobo China
USE	Bayan Obo China

bayerite
BT	oxides
	.bayerite
RT	aluminum oxides
	gibbsite
SN	Often artificial.

Bayesian analysis
BT	statistical analysis
	.Bayesian analysis
RT	analysis
	data processing
	mathematical geology
	mathematical methods
	geostatistics
	discriminant analysis
	mathematical models
	variance analysis
SN	Added to Thesaurus in 1985.

Bayfield County Wisconsin
BT	United States
	.Wisconsin
	..Bayfield County Wisconsin
SN	N Wisconsin.

Baylor County Texas
BT	United States
	.Texas
	..Baylor County Texas
SN	SW of Wichita Falls in N Texas.

Bayn Dzak
BT	Asia
	.Far East
	..Mongolia
	...Bayn Dzak
RT	Gobi Desert
SN	Region in the Gobi Desert.

Bayreuth Germany
BT	Europe
	.Central Europe
	..Germany
	...Bavaria Germany
	....Bayreuth Germany
SN	City in NE Bavaria.

bays
RT	embayments
	fjords
	geomorphology
	inlets
	shore features
	shorelines

Baza
SN	Not a valid term for GeoRef. See Guadix-Baza Basin if applicable.

Bazhenov Formation
BT	Chronostratigraphic Units
	.Phanerozoic
	..Mesozoic
	...Jurassic
	....Bazhenov Formation
RT	Russian Federation
	Siberian Platform
	West Siberia
SN	W Siberia and Siberian Platform. Added to Thesaurus in 1985.