SEDIS - Thesaurus
T  |
|---|
| T'ai-hang Mountains | |
|---|---|
| USE | Taihang Mountains |
| T'ung-hai earthquake 1970 | |
|---|---|
| USE | Tonghai earthquake 1970 |
| Ta | |
|---|---|
| USE | tantalum |
| taaffeite | |
|---|---|
| BT | oxides |
| .taaffeite | |
| Taal | |
|---|---|
| BT | Asia |
| .Far East | |
| ..Philippine Islands | |
| ...Luzon | |
| ....Taal | |
| UF | Taal Volcano |
| RT | volcanoes |
| SN | On Volcano Island in center of Lake Taal in Batangas Province in S Luzon. |
| Taal Volcano | |
|---|---|
| USE | Taal |
| Tabasco Mexico | |
|---|---|
| BT | Mexico |
| .Tabasco Mexico | |
| RT | Gulf Coastal Plain |
| SN | State in SE Mexico. |
| tabetisol | |
|---|---|
| USE | taliks |
| Tabianian | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Cenozoic | |
| ...Neogene | |
| ....Pliocene | |
| .....lower Pliocene | |
| ......Tabianian | |
| SN | Europe. |
| Table Head Group | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Paleozoic | |
| ...Ordovician | |
| ....Middle Ordovician | |
| .....Table Head Group | |
| RT | Newfoundland Island |
| SN | W Newfoundland. Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| Table Mountain | |
|---|---|
| RT | Cape Province region |
| Cape Town South Africa | |
| Sierra Nevada | |
| California | |
| Tuolumne County California | |
| Western Cape Province South Africa | |
| SN | Mountain near Cape Town, South Africa. Also a mountain in Tuolumne County, California. Indexed with California or South Africa as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1985. |
| Table Mountain Group | |
|---|---|
| RT | Agulhas Bank |
| Devonian | |
| Indian Ocean | |
| Namibia | |
| Ordovician | |
| South Africa | |
| SN | Includes Soom Member, Sardinia Bay Formation. Located in South Africa, Namibia and Agulhas Bank. Indexed with ages as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| tables | |
|---|---|
| SN | Used in subfile E. |
| Tabulata | |
|---|---|
| BT | Invertebrata |
| .Coelenterata | |
| ..Anthozoa | |
| ...Zoantharia | |
| ....Tabulata | |
| NT | Chaetetidae |
| Favositidae | |
| Heliolitidae | |
| RT | Scleractinia |
| Rugosa | |
| SN | Order. |
| Tachira Venezuela | |
|---|---|
| BT | South America |
| .Venezuela | |
| ..Tachira Venezuela | |
| SN | State in W Venezuela. |
| Taconian Orogeny | |
|---|---|
| USE | Taconic Orogeny |
| Taconic Allochthon | |
|---|---|
| RT | Appalachians |
| Canada | |
| United States | |
| SN | In Northern Appalachians. Also search Taconic. Indexed with countries as applicable. |
| Taconic Orogeny | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Paleozoic | |
| ...Taconic Orogeny | |
| UF | Taconian Orogeny |
| RT | Ordovician |
| Silurian | |
| Canada | |
| United States | |
| orogeny | |
| Appalachians | |
| SN | An orogeny in the latter part of the Ordovician period, named for the Taconic Range of eastern New York State and well developed through most of the Northern Appalachians in U.S. and Canada. Before 1978, search Taconic AND orogeny; Taconian. |
| taconite | |
|---|---|
| BT | sedimentary rocks |
| .chemically precipitated rocks | |
| ..taconite | |
| RT | banded iron formations |
| iron formations | |
| TACT | |
|---|---|
| UF | Trans Alaska Crustal Transect |
| Trans-Alaska Crustal Transect | |
| RT | geophysical methods |
| geophysical surveys | |
| Alaska | |
| programs | |
| geotraverses | |
| SN | Acronym. Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| tactite | |
|---|---|
| BT | metamorphic rocks |
| .metasomatic rocks | |
| ..tactite | |
| SN | Compositional term. |
| Tadjoura | |
|---|---|
| SN | Not a valid term for GeoRef. See Gulf of Tadjoura. |
| Tadzhik Basin | |
|---|---|
| USE | Tajik Depression |
| Tadzhik Depression | |
|---|---|
| USE | Tajik Depression |
| Tadzhikhistan | |
|---|---|
| USE | Tajikistan |
| Tadzhikistan | |
|---|---|
| USE | Tajikistan |
| Tadzhikistan Depression | |
|---|---|
| USE | Tajik Depression |
| Tadzhikstan | |
|---|---|
| USE | Tajikistan |
| Tadzhura | |
|---|---|
| SN | Not a valid term for GeoRef. See Gulf of Tadjoura. |
| taele | |
|---|---|
| USE | frozen ground |
| Taeniodonta | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chordata |
| .Vertebrata | |
| ..Tetrapoda | |
| ...Mammalia | |
| ....Theria | |
| .....Eutheria | |
| ......Taeniodonta | |
| Taeniopteris | |
|---|---|
| BT | Plantae |
| .Pteridophyta | |
| ..Filicopsida | |
| ...Taeniopteris | |
| RT | Gymnospermae |
| Pteridospermae | |
| Cycadales | |
| Glossopteris | |
| SN | Genus. |
| taenite | |
|---|---|
| BT | alloys |
| .taenite | |
| RT | meteorites |
| kamacite | |
| plessite | |
| tetrataenite | |
| SN | Meteorite mineral. |
| Tafilalet | |
|---|---|
| USE | Tafilalt |
| Tafilalt | |
|---|---|
| BT | Africa |
| .North Africa | |
| ..Morocco | |
| ...Tafilalt | |
| UF | Tafilalet |
| Tafilelt | |
| Tafilet | |
| SN | Oasis in SE Morocco. |
| Tafilelt | |
|---|---|
| USE | Tafilalt |
| Tafilet | |
|---|---|
| USE | Tafilalt |
| TAG hydrothermal field | |
|---|---|
| BT | Atlantic Ocean |
| .North Atlantic | |
| ..TAG hydrothermal field | |
| BT | Atlantic Ocean |
| .Mid-Atlantic Ridge | |
| ..TAG hydrothermal field | |
| RT | mid-ocean ridges |
| Leg 158 | |
| ODP Site 957 | |
| SN | Mid-Atlantic Ridge, North Atlantic. This term has multiple hierarchies. Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| Tagil Basin | |
|---|---|
| BT | Commonwealth of Independent States |
| .Russian Federation | |
| ..Tagil Basin | |
| BT | Asia |
| .Tagil Basin | |
| RT | Sverdlovsk Russian Federation |
| SN | River basin in Sverdlovsk Oblast E of the Central Urals. Also search Tagil; Tagil River. This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| Tagliamento Valley | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Southern Europe | |
| ..Italy | |
| ...Tagliamento Valley | |
| RT | Veneto Italy |
| Friuli-Venezia Giulia Italy | |
| SN | River valley extending from Carnic Alps to the head of the Gulf of Venice. Also search Tagliamento; Tagliamento River. Indexed with autonomous regions as applicable. |
| Tagus Basin | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Southern Europe | |
| ..Iberian Peninsula | |
| ...Tagus Basin | |
| UF | Tagus River basin |
| RT | Spain |
| Portugal | |
| Madrid Basin | |
| Tagus River | |
| SN | River basin in central Spain and S central Portugal. Also search Tagus, Tajo, Tejo. Indexed with countries as applicable. |
| Tagus River | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Southern Europe | |
| ..Iberian Peninsula | |
| ...Tagus River | |
| RT | Spain |
| Portugal | |
| Tagus Basin | |
| SN | Longest river in the Iberian Peninsula. Rises in E central Spain and flows W and SW entering the Atlantic Ocean at Lisbon. Indexed with countries as applicable. |
| Tagus River basin | |
|---|---|
| USE | Tagus Basin |
| Tahiti | |
|---|---|
| BT | Oceania |
| .Polynesia | |
| ..French Polynesia | |
| ...Society Islands | |
| ....Tahiti | |
| RT | Tuamotu Islands |
| Leg 92 | |
| DSDP Site 597 | |
| DSDP Site 598 | |
| DSDP Site 599 | |
| DSDP Site 600 | |
| DSDP Site 601 | |
| DSDP Site 602 | |
| SN | Island of E group of Society Islands in French Polynesia. |
| tahoochee River#Chipola Formation#Citronelle Formation#Claiborne Group#Coupon Bi |
|---|
| taiga environment | |
|---|---|
| BT | terrestrial environment |
| .taiga environment | |
| RT | sedimentation |
| ecology | |
| geomorphology | |
| depositional environment | |
| climate | |
| paleoclimatology | |
| steppes | |
| tundra | |
| SN | Before 1978, also search taiga. |
| Taigonos Peninsula | |
|---|---|
| USE | Taygonos Peninsula |
| Taihang Mountains | |
|---|---|
| BT | Asia |
| .Far East | |
| ..China | |
| ...Taihang Mountains | |
| UF | T'ai-hang Mountains |
| Taihang Shan | |
| Taihangshan | |
| RT | Shanxi China |
| Hebei China | |
| SN | Hebei and Shanxi, N China. Indexed with provinces as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| Taihang Shan | |
|---|---|
| USE | Taihang Mountains |
| Taihangshan | |
|---|---|
| USE | Taihang Mountains |
| Taihua Group | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Precambrian | |
| ..Archean | |
| ...Taihua Group | |
| RT | China |
| Henan China | |
| SN | Henan. Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| tailing dams | |
|---|---|
| USE | tailings dams |
| tailing ponds | |
|---|---|
| USE | tailings ponds |
| tailings | |
|---|---|
| RT | chemical waste |
| disposal barriers | |
| dredged materials | |
| dredging | |
| mining | |
| reclamation | |
| spoils | |
| tailings dams | |
| tailings ponds | |
| waste disposal | |
| tailings dams | |
|---|---|
| BT | dams |
| .tailings dams | |
| UF | tailing dams |
| tailings impoundments | |
| RT | mining geology |
| tailings | |
| tailings ponds | |
| SN | Before 1989, also included use for tailings ponds. Added to Thesaurus in 1985. |
| tailings impoundments | |
|---|---|
| USE | tailings dams |
| tailings ponds | |
|---|---|
| UF | tailing ponds |
| RT | mining geology |
| waste disposal | |
| seepage | |
| retaining walls | |
| tailings | |
| mining | |
| spoils | |
| tailings dams | |
| SN | Before 1989, see tailings dams. Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| Taimyr (Peninsula) | |
|---|---|
| USE | Taymyr Peninsula |
| Taimyr Peninsula | |
|---|---|
| USE | Taymyr Peninsula |
| Taimyr Russian Federation | |
|---|---|
| USE | Taymyr Dolgan-Nenets Russian Federation |
| Tainan Taiwan | |
|---|---|
| BT | Asia |
| .Far East | |
| ..Taiwan | |
| ...Tainan Taiwan | |
| SN | City on SW coast of Taiwan. |
| Taipei Taiwan | |
|---|---|
| BT | Asia |
| .Far East | |
| ..Taiwan | |
| ...Taipei Taiwan | |
| SN | City at N end of island. |
| Taishu Group | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Cenozoic | |
| ...Tertiary | |
| ....lower Tertiary | |
| .....Taishu Group | |
| RT | Japan |
| Kyushu | |
| Tsushima | |
| SN | Chiefly composed of sandstone and shale in alternation, and intercalating arkose sandstone and red-coloured conglomerates. On Tsushima Island a part of Nagasaki Prefecture, Kyushu. |
| Taito Taiwan | |
|---|---|
| USE | Taitung Taiwan |
| Taitung Taiwan | |
|---|---|
| BT | Asia |
| .Far East | |
| ..Taiwan | |
| ...Taitung Taiwan | |
| UF | Taito Taiwan |
| SN | City on SE coast of Taiwan. |
| Taiwan | |
|---|---|
| BT | Asia |
| .Far East | |
| ..Taiwan | |
| NT | Chiayi-Hsinying area |
| Chinkuashih Mine | |
| Chinkuashih Taiwan | |
| Hengchun Peninsula | |
| Hsinchu | |
| Miaoli Taiwan | |
| Peikang Taiwan | |
| Penghu Islands | |
| Tainan Taiwan | |
| Taipei Taiwan | |
| Taitung Taiwan | |
| Taiwanese Central Range | |
| Taiwanese Coastal Range | |
| Taoyuan Taiwan | |
| Tatun Shan | |
| Tiehchenshan | |
| UF | Formosa |
| RT | SMART2 |
| Mushan Formation | |
| Tananao Schist | |
| SN | Island off Fujian Province of China. Seat of Chinese Nationalist government known as the Republic of China. |
| Taiwan Strait | |
|---|---|
| BT | Pacific Ocean |
| .North Pacific | |
| ..Northwest Pacific | |
| ...Taiwan Strait | |
| UF | Formosa Strait |
| RT | China Sea |
| East China Sea | |
| South China Sea | |
| Mushan Formation | |
| Penghu Islands | |
| SN | Channel between Fujian China and Taiwan which connects the South China and East China seas. This term has multiple hierarchies. Indexed with East China Sea and/or South China Sea as applicable. |
| Taiwanese Central Range | |
|---|---|
| BT | Asia |
| .Far East | |
| ..Taiwan | |
| ...Taiwanese Central Range | |
| SN | Before 1989, also search Central Range AND Taiwan. Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| Taiwanese Coastal Range | |
|---|---|
| BT | Asia |
| .Far East | |
| ..Taiwan | |
| ...Taiwanese Coastal Range | |
| UF | Coastal Range, Taiwan |
| SN | Also search Coastal Range AND Taiwan. Added to Thesaurus in 1993. |
| Taiyuan China | |
|---|---|
| BT | Asia |
| .Far East | |
| ..China | |
| ...Shanxi China | |
| ....Taiyuan China | |
| SN | City in Shanxi, N China. |
| Taiyuan Formation | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Paleozoic | |
| ...Taiyuan Formation | |
| RT | Carboniferous |
| Permian | |
| China | |
| Anhui China | |
| Henan China | |
| Shanxi China | |
| SN | In Anhui, Henan and Shanxi provinces. Indexed with ages as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| Tajik Basin | |
|---|---|
| USE | Tajik Depression |
| Tajik Depression | |
|---|---|
| BT | Asia |
| .Tajikistan | |
| ..Tajik Depression | |
| UF | Tadzhik Basin |
| Tadzhik Depression | |
| Tadzhikistan Depression | |
| Tajik Basin | |
| RT | Afghan-Tajik Basin |
| SN | North section of Afghan-Tajik Depression in S and SW Tajikistan. Also search Tadzhik. This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| Tajikistan | |
|---|---|
| BT | Asia |
| .Tajikistan | |
| BT | Commonwealth of Independent States |
| .Tajikistan | |
| NT | Altyn-Topkan Tajikistan |
| Badakhshan | |
| Darvaz | |
| Darvaza Range | |
| Dushanbe Tajikistan | |
| Garm Tajikistan | |
| Karategin Range | |
| Kulyab Tajikistan | |
| Leninabad Tajikistan | |
| Nurek Tajikistan | |
| Shugnan Tajikistan | |
| Tajik Depression | |
| Turkestan Range | |
| Vakhsh River | |
| Vanchskiy Range | |
| UF | Tadzhikhistan |
| Tadzhikistan | |
| Tadzhikstan | |
| RT | Afghan-Tajik Basin |
| Amu Darya | |
| Amu Darya Basin | |
| Hindu Kush | |
| Pamirs | |
| Turkestan | |
| Alai Range | |
| Zeravshan Range | |
| Surkhan Darya | |
| Central Asia | |
| Badakhshan Afghanistan | |
| Fergana Basin | |
| Hissar Range | |
| Karamazar | |
| Kurama Range | |
| Syr Darya | |
| Surkhan Darya basin | |
| Zeravshan River | |
| SN | Republic. Formerly the Tadzhik Soviet Socialist Republic in Soviet Central Asia. This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| Takanuki Japan | |
|---|---|
| BT | nshu |
| .Takanuki Japan | |
| SN | Village NE of Utsunomiya in E central Honshu. |
| Takla Group | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Mesozoic | |
| ...Triassic | |
| ....Takla Group | |
| RT | British Columbia |
| SN | N central British Columbia. Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| Tal Formation | |
|---|---|
| RT | Cretaceous |
| India | |
| Jurassic | |
| Precambrian | |
| Uttar Pradesh India | |
| SN | Consists of 2 members: the quartzite member and the limestone member. The formation has been considered of Jurassic-Cretaceous age, but current literature indicates an unconformity between the 2 members so that the quartzite member is Precambrian and the |
| Talacasto Argentina | |
|---|---|
| BT | South America |
| .Argentina | |
| ..San Juan Argentina | |
| ...Talacasto Argentina | |
| SN | Village in central Argentina. |
| Talas Ala-Tau | |
|---|---|
| USE | Talas Range |
| Talas Range | |
|---|---|
| BT | Asia |
| .Tien Shan | |
| ..Talas Range | |
| BT | Asia |
| .Kyrgyzstan | |
| ..Talas Range | |
| UF | Talas Ala-Tau |
| SN | Branch of the Tien Shan in NW Kyrgyzstan. Before 1978, also search Talas. This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| Talasea Papua New Guinea | |
|---|---|
| BT | Australasia |
| .Papua New Guinea | |
| ..New Britain | |
| ...Talasea Papua New Guinea | |
| SN | Settlement on E side of Willaumez Peninsula on N coast of New Britain, Bismark Archipelago. |
| Talbot County Georgia | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Georgia | |
| ..Talbot County Georgia | |
| SN | W Georgia. |
| Talbot County Maryland | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Maryland | |
| ..Talbot County Maryland | |
| SN | E Maryland. |
| talc | |
|---|---|
| BT | silicates |
| .sheet silicates | |
| ..talc | |
| RT | cerolite |
| talc deposits | |
| soapstone | |
| steatite | |
| SN | As of 1981, use talc deposits for talc as a commodity. |
| talc deposits | |
|---|---|
| RT | Henderson Mine |
| soapstone | |
| steatite | |
| talc | |
| SN | Commodity. See List C. |
| talc rock | |
|---|---|
| BT | metamorphic rocks |
| .metasomatic rocks | |
| ..talc rock | |
| SN | Compositional term. |
| Talcher | |
|---|---|
| USE | Talchir |
| Talcher Coalfield | |
|---|---|
| USE | Talchir coal field |
| Talchir | |
|---|---|
| BT | Asia |
| .Indian Peninsula | |
| ..India | |
| ...Orissa India | |
| ....Talchir | |
| UF | Talcher |
| SN | Region. Former princely state in Orissa States. |
| Talchir coal field | |
|---|---|
| BT | Asia |
| .Indian Peninsula | |
| ..India | |
| ...Orissa India | |
| ....Talchir coal field | |
| UF | Talcher Coalfield |
| RT | coal fields |
| SN | E central Orissa. Also search Talchir. |
| Talchir Formation | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Paleozoic | |
| ...Talchir Formation | |
| RT | Carboniferous |
| Permian | |
| India | |
| Upper Carboniferous | |
| SN | Upper Carboniferous to Permo-Carboniferous. Consists of boulder bed with boulders set in an ill-sorted matrix, often containing angular clastics, and is followed by greenish shales, silty shales, and sandstones. In peninsular India. |
| Talchir Series | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Paleozoic | |
| ...Carboniferous | |
| ....Upper Carboniferous | |
| .....Talchir Series | |
| RT | India |
| Orissa India | |
| SN | Upper Carboniferous. At the base is a glacial boulder bed (Talchir Boulder Bed). Overlain by Damuda Series. In Orissa. |
| Taliaferro County Georgia | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Georgia | |
| ..Taliaferro County Georgia | |
| taliks | |
|---|---|
| UF | subgelisol |
| tabetisol | |
| RT | glacial geology |
| active layer | |
| permafrost | |
| glacial features | |
| periglacial features | |
| ice wedges | |
| thawing | |
| frozen ground | |
| ground ice | |
| palsas | |
| pingos | |
| hummocks | |
| SN | Unfrozen layer adjacent to or in permafrost. Added to Thesaurus in 1993. |
| Talimu Basin | |
|---|---|
| USE | Tarim Basin |
| Talin Estonia | |
|---|---|
| USE | Tallinn Estonia |
| Talkeetna Formation | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Mesozoic | |
| ...Jurassic | |
| ....Lower Jurassic | |
| .....Talkeetna Formation | |
| RT | Alaska |
| Southern Alaska | |
| Copper River basin | |
| SN | S central Alaska. Added to Thesaurus in 1993. |
| Talkeetna Mountains | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Alaska | |
| ..Southern Alaska | |
| ...Talkeetna Mountains | |
| SN | S Alaska. Added to Thesaurus in 1985. |
| Talladega County Alabama | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Alabama | |
| ..Talladega County Alabama | |
| Talladega Front | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Alabama | |
| ..Talladega Front | |
| UF | Talladega slate belt |
| RT | Hillabee Chlorite Schist |
| SN | E Talladega County in E central Alabama. |
| Talladega Group | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Paleozoic | |
| ...Talladega Group | |
| RT | Precambrian |
| Cambrian | |
| Ordovician | |
| Silurian | |
| Devonian | |
| Pennsylvanian | |
| Mississippi | |
| Alabama | |
| North Carolina | |
| Georgia | |
| Tennessee | |
| Hillabee Chlorite Schist | |
| SN | Talladega Formation, Precambrian (?) to Carboniferous (?). In NW Georgia, the Talladega Series has been grouped into 10 formations (ascending): Pinelog Quartzite, Hiawassee Slate, Great Smoky Formation, Natahala Schist, Tusquitee Quartzite, Brasstown Schi |
| Talladega slate belt | |
|---|---|
| USE | Talladega Front |
| Tallahatchie County Mississippi | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Mississippi | |
| ..Tallahatchie County Mississippi | |
| Tallahatta Formation | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Cenozoic | |
| ...Paleogene | |
| ....Eocene | |
| .....middle Eocene | |
| ......Tallahatta Formation | |
| RT | Mississippi |
| Alabama | |
| Georgia | |
| Claiborne Group | |
| SN | In Claiborne Group. S Alabama, W Georgia, and Mississippi. Added to Thesaurus in 1985. |
| Tallapoosa County Alabama | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Alabama | |
| ..Tallapoosa County Alabama | |
| RT | Martin Lake |
| SN | E Alabama. |
| Tallin Estonia | |
|---|---|
| USE | Tallinn Estonia |
| Tallinn Estonia | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Baltic region | |
| ..Estonia | |
| ...Tallinn Estonia | |
| UF | Talin Estonia |
| Tallin Estonia | |
| SN | City on the Gulf of Finland. |
| Tallulah Falls Formation | |
|---|---|
| RT | Georgia |
| lower Paleozoic | |
| North Carolina | |
| Proterozoic | |
| South Carolina | |
| SN | Proterozoic and/or lower Paleozoic. Indexed with age as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| talnakhite | |
|---|---|
| BT | sulfides |
| .talnakhite | |
| Taltson magmatic zone | |
|---|---|
| BT | North America |
| .Canadian Shield | |
| ..Taltson magmatic zone | |
| RT | Alberta |
| Canada | |
| Mackenzie District Northwest Territories | |
| Northwest Territories | |
| SN | Belt of Paleoproterozoic dioritic to granitic plutons and peraluminous granites between the Slave and Rae provinces, W Canadian Shield. Indexed with Northwest Territories and/or Alberta as applicable. |
| talus | |
|---|---|
| SN | A valid term through 1978. Use talus slopes. |
| talus fan | |
|---|---|
| USE | alluvial fans |
| talus slopes | |
|---|---|
| BT | erosion features |
| .talus slopes | |
| UF | debris slopes |
| RT | slope stability |
| geomorphology | |
| colluvium | |
| mass movements | |
| landslides | |
| cliffs | |
| slopes | |
| soil erosion | |
| desert pavement | |
| SN | Before 1978, search talus. |
| Talysh Mountains | |
|---|---|
| BT | Asia |
| .Middle East | |
| ..Iran | |
| ...Talysh Mountains | |
| RT | Elburz |
| SN | NW extremity of the Elburz in NW Iran. Also search Talysh. |
| Tama County Iowa | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Iowa | |
| ..Tama County Iowa | |
| Tamagawa | |
|---|---|
| BT | nshu |
| .Tamagawa | |
| RT | Akita Japan |
| Tokyo Japan | |
| SN | River flowing into Tokyo Bay between Tokyo and Yokohama in Tokyo Prefecture, Honshu. Also used for hot springs in Akita Japan. Indexed with prefecture. |
| Taman Peninsula | |
|---|---|
| BT | Commonwealth of Independent States |
| .Russian Federation | |
| ..Krasnodar Russian Federation | |
| ...Taman Peninsula | |
| SN | Peninsula of W Krasnodar Kray jutting into Kerch Strait connecting Black Sea and Azov Sea. This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| Taman Russian Federation | |
|---|---|
| BT | Commonwealth of Independent States |
| .Russian Federation | |
| ..Krasnodar Russian Federation | |
| ...Taman Russian Federation | |
| SN | Village on N shore of Taman Peninsula near Kerch Strait in W Krasnodar Kray in Northern Caucasus. Before 1993, Taman Russian Republic was also used. This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| Tamar Estuary | |
|---|---|
| UF | Tamar River |
| RT | England |
| Bass Strait | |
| Tasmania Australia | |
| Devonshire England | |
| Cornwall England | |
| SN | Cornwall and Devonshire, extreme SW England. Empties into the English Channel. Also a river in N Tasmania which empties into Bass Strait. Indexed with Tasmania Australia OR England and counties as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| Tamar River | |
|---|---|
| USE | Tamar Estuary |
| Tamar Valley | |
|---|---|
| RT | Cornwall England |
| Devonshire England | |
| England | |
| Tasmania Australia | |
| SN | River valley in Cornwall and Devonshire in SW England. Also a river valley in Tasmania. Also search Tamar Estuary. Indexed with Tasmania Australia OR England and counties as applicable. |
| Tamaulipas Mexico | |
|---|---|
| BT | Mexico |
| .Tamaulipas Mexico | |
| NT | Arroyo El Mimbral |
| RT | Rio Grande |
| Gulf Coastal Plain | |
| Laguna Madre | |
| San Juan River | |
| Rio Grande Valley | |
| Sierra Madre Oriental | |
| Rio Grande Depression | |
| SN | State in E Mexico. |
| Tamayo fracture zone | |
|---|---|
| BT | Pacific Ocean |
| .North Pacific | |
| ..Northeast Pacific | |
| ...Tamayo fracture zone | |
| SN | NE Pacific, near mouth of Gulf of California. This term has multiple hierarchies. Added to Thesaurus in 1985. |
| Tamba Plateau | |
|---|---|
| BT | nshu |
| .Tamba Plateau | |
| RT | Kyoto Japan |
| SN | In the Kyoto area. Also search Tamba. |
| Tambov Russian Federation | |
|---|---|
| BT | Commonwealth of Independent States |
| .Russian Federation | |
| ..Tambov Russian Federation | |
| BT | Europe |
| .Tambov Russian Federation | |
| SN | Oblast including the city 260 miles SE of Moscow. Before 1993, Tambov Russian Republic was also used. This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| Tamdy-Tau | |
|---|---|
| USE | Tamdytau |
| Tamdytau | |
|---|---|
| BT | Asia |
| .Uzbekistan | |
| ..Tamdytau | |
| BT | Commonwealth of Independent States |
| .Kyzylkum | |
| ..Tamdytau | |
| UF | Tamdy-Tau |
| Tamdytau Range | |
| SN | Mountains in the Kyzylkum SE of the Aral Sea. This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| Tamdytau Range | |
|---|---|
| USE | Tamdytau |
| Tamiami Formation | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Cenozoic | |
| ...Neogene | |
| ....Tamiami Formation | |
| RT | Pliocene |
| Miocene | |
| Florida | |
| Pinecrest Beds | |
| SN | Indexed with ages as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1985. |
| Tamil Nadu India | |
|---|---|
| BT | Asia |
| .Indian Peninsula | |
| ..India | |
| ...Tamil Nadu India | |
| NT | Ariyalur India |
| Coimbatore India | |
| Kodaikanal India | |
| Kondapalli India | |
| Madras India | |
| Neyveli India | |
| North Arcot India | |
| South Arcot | |
| Tiruchirapalli India | |
| Vridhachalam India | |
| RT | Coromandel Coast |
| Cauvery Basin | |
| Cuddalore Series | |
| Neyveli Lignite | |
| Niniyur Group | |
| SN | State in extreme S and SE India. Formerly part of Madras. |
| Tampa Bay | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Florida | |
| ..Tampa Bay | |
| RT | Hillsborough County Florida |
| Pinellas County Florida | |
| SN | Inlet of Gulf of Mexico on W coast of Hillsborough County in W Florida. |
| Tampere Finland | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Western Europe | |
| ..Scandinavia | |
| ...Finland | |
| ....Western Finland Province | |
| .....Tampere Finland | |
| SN | City in SW Finland. |
| Tamworth Australia | |
|---|---|
| BT | Australasia |
| .Australia | |
| ..New South Wales Australia | |
| ...Tamworth Australia | |
| SN | Town in E central New South Wales. |
| Tan-Lu Fault | |
|---|---|
| USE | Tancheng-Lujiang Fault |
| Tan-Lu fault zone | |
|---|---|
| USE | Tancheng-Lujiang fault zone |
| Tana Fjord | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Western Europe | |
| ..Scandinavia | |
| ...Norway | |
| ....Finnmark Norway | |
| .....Tana Fjord | |
| SN | Inlet of Arctic Ocean which receives the Tana River on NE coast of Norway. |
| Tanana River | |
|---|---|
| BT | North America |
| .Tanana River | |
| RT | Alaska |
| Yukon Territory | |
| Delta River | |
| SN | Source in SW Yukon Territory. Joins Yukon River at Tanana, central Alaska. Added to Thesaurus in 1985. |
| Tananao Schist | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Mesozoic | |
| ...Cretaceous | |
| ....Tananao Schist | |
| RT | Taiwan |
| SN | E Taiwan. Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| Tananarive | |
|---|---|
| SN | No longer a valid term for GeoRef. See Antananarivo Madagascar. |
| Tananarive Madagascar | |
|---|---|
| USE | Antananarivo Madagascar |
| Tancheng-Lujiang Fault | |
|---|---|
| BT | Asia |
| .Far East | |
| ..China | |
| ...Tancheng-Lujiang Fault | |
| UF | Tan-Lu Fault |
| Tanlu Fault | |
| RT | Anhui China |
| Shandong China | |
| Jiangsu China | |
| SN | E China. Extends from Anhui through Jiangsu to Shandong. Part of the Tancheng-Lujiang fault zone. Indexed with provinces as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1993. |
| Tancheng-Lujiang fault zone | |
|---|---|
| UF | Tan-Lu fault zone |
| Tanlu fault zone | |
| RT | Russian Federation |
| China | |
| Russian Far East | |
| Heilongjiang China | |
| Anhui China | |
| Yishu Fault | |
| Liaoning China | |
| Jilin China | |
| Shandong China | |
| Hubei China | |
| Jiangsu China | |
| Okhotsk Sea | |
| SN | Major fault zone. Extends from South-Central China to Heilongjiang. Some consider it to extend across Russian Federation Far East territory into the Okhotsk Sea. Tancheng-Lujiang Fault is a narrower concept. Indexed with provinces and/or Russian Federatio |
| Tanco Pegmatite | |
|---|---|
| BT | Canada |
| .Western Canada | |
| ..Manitoba | |
| ...Tanco Pegmatite | |
| Tanega-shima | |
|---|---|
| BT | Asia |
| .Far East | |
| ..Japan | |
| ...Kyushu | |
| ....Kagoshima Japan | |
| .....Tanega-shima | |
| BT | Asia |
| .Far East | |
| ..Japan | |
| ...Ryukyu Islands | |
| ....Tanega-shima | |
| UF | Tanegashima Island |
| SN | Largest of the Osumi Islands off S Kyushu. This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| Tanegashima Island | |
|---|---|
| USE | Tanega-shima |
| Taney County Missouri | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Missouri | |
| ..Taney County Missouri | |
| Tanezrouft | |
|---|---|
| BT | Africa |
| .Tanezrouft | |
| RT | Algeria |
| Mali | |
| Sahara | |
| SN | Section of the Sahara primarily in Algeria. Indexed with countries as applicable. |
| Tanganyika | |
|---|---|
| SN | Not a valid index term. Former British U.N. Trust Territory which became independent in 1961. See Tanzania. |
| tangential discontinuities | |
|---|---|
| BT | discontinuities |
| .tangential discontinuities | |
| RT | mantle |
| seismology | |
| crust | |
| SN | Used for a type of interface in seismology. Added to Thesaurus in 1981. |
| tangential stress | |
|---|---|
| USE | shear stress |
| tangential tectonics | |
|---|---|
| USE | compression tectonics |
| tangential wave | |
|---|---|
| USE | S-waves |
| Tanger Morocco | |
|---|---|
| USE | Tangier Morocco |
| Tangier Morocco | |
|---|---|
| BT | Africa |
| .North Africa | |
| ..Morocco | |
| ...Tangier Morocco | |
| UF | Tanger Morocco |
| Tangiers Morocco | |
| SN | City at W end of the Strait of Gibraltar. |
| Tangiers Morocco | |
|---|---|
| USE | Tangier Morocco |
| Tangipahoa Parish Louisiana | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Louisiana | |
| ..Tangipahoa Parish Louisiana | |
| Tangshan China | |
|---|---|
| BT | Asia |
| .Far East | |
| ..China | |
| ...Tangshan China | |
| RT | Anhui China |
| Hebei China | |
| Tangshan earthquake 1976 | |
| SN | Towns in Hebei and Anhui provinces, N and E China. Indexed with provinces as applicable. |
| Tangshan earthquake 1976 | |
|---|---|
| BT | earthquakes |
| .Tangshan earthquake 1976 | |
| RT | China |
| Tangshan China | |
| Hebei China | |
| SN | Epicenter near Tangshan in Hebei, NE China. Added to Thesaurus in 1985. |
| Tanlu Fault | |
|---|---|
| USE | Tancheng-Lujiang Fault |
| Tanlu fault zone | |
|---|---|
| USE | Tancheng-Lujiang fault zone |
| Tannu Tuva Russian Federation | |
|---|---|
| USE | Tuva Russian Federation |
| Tannu-Ola Range | |
|---|---|
| BT | Asia |
| .Tannu-Ola Range | |
| RT | Russian Federation |
| Mongolia | |
| SN | On the Mongolian-Tuva Aautonomous Republic border. Also search Tannu-Ola. Indexed with Mongolia and/or Russian Federation as applicable. |
| Tanquary Fiord | |
|---|---|
| BT | Canada |
| .Northwest Territories | |
| ..Franklin District Northwest Territories | |
| ...Queen Elizabeth Islands | |
| ....Ellesmere Island | |
| .....Tanquary Fiord | |
| SN | W central Ellesmere Island in Franklin District. |
| Tansill Formation | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Paleozoic | |
| ...Permian | |
| ....Guadalupian | |
| .....Tansill Formation | |
| RT | New Mexico |
| Texas | |
| SN | SE New Mexico and W Texas. Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| tantalates | |
|---|---|
| BT | oxides |
| .tantalates | |
| NT | niobotantalates |
| tantalite | |
|---|---|
| BT | oxides |
| .niobates | |
| ..niobotantalates | |
| ...tantalite | |
| SN | This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| tantalum | |
|---|---|
| BT | metals |
| .tantalum | |
| UF | Ta |
| RT | heavy metals |
| tantalum ores | |
| high-field-strength elements | |
| niobium | |
| SN | Chemical element. Use tantalum ores for tantalum as a commodity. |
| tantalum ores | |
|---|---|
| BT | metal ores |
| .tantalum ores | |
| RT | columbite |
| niobium ores | |
| tantalum | |
| SN | Commodity. See List C. |
| Tanzania | |
|---|---|
| BT | Africa |
| .East Africa | |
| ..Tanzania | |
| NT | Kilimanjaro |
| Laetoli | |
| Oldoinyo Lengai | |
| Olduvai Gorge | |
| Zanzibar | |
| RT | East African Rift |
| Lake Tanganyika | |
| Gregory Rift | |
| Lake Malawi | |
| Lake Natron | |
| Koobi Fora Formation | |
| Mozambique Belt | |
| Shungura Formation | |
| Umba River | |
| Lake Victoria | |
| Laetoli Beds | |
| SN | Former British U.N. Trust Territory of Tanganyika, which became independent in 1961. United with the island of Zanzibar to become Tanzania in 1964. Before 1964, also search Tanganyika. |
| tanzanite | |
|---|---|
| BT | silicates |
| .orthosilicates | |
| ..sorosilicates | |
| ...epidote group | |
| ....tanzanite | |
| RT | zoisite |
| SN | Variety of zoisite. |
| Tanzawa Massif | |
|---|---|
| USE | Tanzawa Mountains |
| Tanzawa Mountainland | |
|---|---|
| USE | Tanzawa Mountains |
| Tanzawa Mountains | |
|---|---|
| BT | nshu |
| .Tanzawa Mountains | |
| UF | Tanzawa Massif |
| Tanzawa Mountainland | |
| RT | Yamanashi Japan |
| Kanagawa Japan | |
| SN | Between Fujiyama and Yokohama. Also search Tanzawa. |
| Taos County New Mexico | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .New Mexico | |
| ..Taos County New Mexico | |
| NT | Questa Caldera |
| Questa Mine | |
| RT | San Luis Valley |
| Taos Plateau | |
| SN | N New Mexico. |
| Taos Plateau | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .New Mexico | |
| ..Taos Plateau | |
| RT | Colorado Plateau |
| Rio Grande Rift | |
| Rio Arriba County New Mexico | |
| Taos County New Mexico | |
| SN | N New Mexico. Indexed with counties as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1985. |
| Taoudeni | |
|---|---|
| USE | Taoudenni |
| Taoudeni Basin | |
|---|---|
| USE | Taoudenni Basin |
| Taoudenni | |
|---|---|
| UF | Taoudeni |
| RT | Mali |
| Sahara | |
| SN | An oasis in the Sahara in NW Mali. Before 1995, also used for the large Saharan basin. Now see Taoudenni Basin. Search in combination with Mali. Indexed with Mali if applicable. |
| Taoudenni Basin | |
|---|---|
| BT | Africa |
| .West Africa | |
| ..Taoudenni Basin | |
| UF | Taoudeni Basin |
| RT | Mauritania |
| Mali | |
| Sahara | |
| Burkina Faso | |
| SN | Large basin in W Africa. Also search Taoudenni or Taoudeni. Indexed with countries as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1995. |
| Taourirt Algeria | |
|---|---|
| BT | Africa |
| .North Africa | |
| ..Algeria | |
| ...Taourirt Algeria | |
| SN | Village in W central Algeria. |
| Taourirt Morocco | |
|---|---|
| BT | Africa |
| .North Africa | |
| ..Morocco | |
| ...Taourirt Morocco | |
| SN | Town in NE Morocco. |
| Taoyuan Taiwan | |
|---|---|
| BT | Asia |
| .Far East | |
| ..Taiwan | |
| ...Taoyuan Taiwan | |
| SN | Town in N Taiwan. |
| Tapeats Sandstone | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Paleozoic | |
| ...Cambrian | |
| ....Tapeats Sandstone | |
| RT | California |
| Nevada | |
| Arizona | |
| SN | In Tonto Group. Lower and Middle Cambrian. Central and N Arizona, SE California and S Nevada. Added to Thesaurus in 1985. |
| taphocenoses | |
|---|---|
| USE | thanatocenoses |
| taphocoenosis | |
|---|---|
| USE | thanatocenoses |
| taphonomy | |
|---|---|
| RT | biomineralization |
| fossilization | |
| Lagerstatten | |
| paleoecology | |
| paleopathology | |
| preservation | |
| soft parts | |
| thanatocenoses | |
| taphrogeny | |
|---|---|
| RT | orogeny |
| plate tectonics | |
| rifting | |
| tectonics | |
| tesserae | |
| SN | Implies rifting. |
| tapiolite | |
|---|---|
| BT | oxides |
| .niobates | |
| ..niobotantalates | |
| ...tapiolite | |
| SN | This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| Tapley Hill Formation | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Precambrian | |
| ..Proterozoic | |
| ...Tapley Hill Formation | |
| RT | South Australia |
| Australia | |
| SN | S Australia. Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| tar sands | |
|---|---|
| USE | oil sands |
| Taranaki Basin | |
|---|---|
| RT | New Zealand |
| North Island | |
| South Island | |
| Southwest Pacific | |
| SN | Back-arc basin in SW Pacific which extends onshore in N South Island and the Taranaki Peninsula of SW North Island, New Zealand. Includes Taranaki Graben complex and Western Platform areas. Contains petroleum resources. Indexed with New Zealand with (Nort |
| Taranaki New Zealand | |
|---|---|
| BT | Australasia |
| .New Zealand | |
| ..Taranaki New Zealand | |
| NT | Mokoia New Zealand |
| Mount Egmont | |
| RT | North Island |
| Wanganui Basin | |
| SN | Provincial district in W North Island. Also index North Island. |
| Taranaki, Mount | |
|---|---|
| USE | Mount Egmont |
| Taranto Italy | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Southern Europe | |
| ..Italy | |
| ...Apulia Italy | |
| ....Taranto Italy | |
| SN | City on N Gulf of Taranto on heel of Italian boot. |
| Tarapaca Chile | |
|---|---|
| BT | South America |
| .Chile | |
| ..Tarapaca Chile | |
| SN | Province in N Chile. |
| Taratash Complex | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Precambrian | |
| ..Proterozoic | |
| ...Neoproterozoic | |
| ....Riphean | |
| .....Taratash Complex | |
| RT | Southern Urals |
| SN | S Urals. Added to Thesaurus in 1985. |
| Tarawera volcanic complex | |
|---|---|
| BT | Australasia |
| .New Zealand | |
| ..Tarawera volcanic complex | |
| RT | North Island |
| SN | N central North Island. Also index North Island. |
| Tarbagatai Range | |
|---|---|
| USE | Tarbagatay Range |
| Tarbagatay Range | |
|---|---|
| BT | Asia |
| .Tarbagatay Range | |
| UF | Tarbagatai Range |
| RT | Kazakhstan |
| Tien Shan | |
| Xinjiang China | |
| SN | Northern outlier of the Tien Shan. Also search Tarbagatay. Indexed with Kazakhstan and/or Xinjiang China as applicable. |
| Tarbert Formation | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Mesozoic | |
| ...Jurassic | |
| ....Middle Jurassic | |
| .....Bajocian | |
| ......Tarbert Formation | |
| RT | Brent Group |
| North Sea | |
| SN | In Brent Group. Added to Thesaurus in 1995. |
| Tardigrada | |
|---|---|
| RT | Arthropoda |
| Edentata | |
| Xenarthra | |
| SN | Search in combination with either Endentata or Arthropoda. Indexed with Edentata or Arthropoda as applicable. |
| Tarentaise | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Western Europe | |
| ..France | |
| ...Savoie France | |
| ....Tarentaise | |
| RT | Savoy Alps |
| Isere Valley | |
| SN | Alpine valley of upper Isere River in Savoy Alps. |
| Tareya Russian Federation | |
|---|---|
| BT | Commonwealth of Independent States |
| .Russian Federation | |
| ..Krasnoyarsk Russian Federation | |
| ...Taymyr Dolgan-Nenets Russian Federation | |
| ....Tareya Russian Federation | |
| SN | Village in NE Taymyr National Okrug in NW Siberia. Before 1993, Tareya Russian Republic was also used. This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| Tarfaia Morocco | |
|---|---|
| USE | Tarfaya Morocco |
| Tarfaya Morocco | |
|---|---|
| BT | Africa |
| .North Africa | |
| ..Morocco | |
| ...Tarfaya Morocco | |
| UF | Tarfaia Morocco |
| SN | Town in extreme SW Morocco. A former Spanish enclave. |
| Tarim Basin | |
|---|---|
| BT | Asia |
| .Far East | |
| ..China | |
| ...Xinjiang China | |
| ....Tarim Basin | |
| UF | Talimu Basin |
| SN | Largest inland basin in China. SE Xinjiang. Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| Tarim Block | |
|---|---|
| USE | Tarim Platform |
| Tarim Plate | |
|---|---|
| USE | Tarim Platform |
| Tarim Platform | |
|---|---|
| BT | Asia |
| .Far East | |
| ..China | |
| ...Tarim Platform | |
| UF | Tarim Block |
| Tarim Plate | |
| RT | plates |
| SN | NE China, includes the Tarim Basin. Indexed with Chinese provinces if applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1998. |
| Tarkhankut Peninsula | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Ukraine | |
| ..Crimea Ukraine | |
| ...Tarkhankut Peninsula | |
| SN | In extreme W Crimea jutting into Black Sea. Also search Tarkhankut. This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| Tarn France | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Western Europe | |
| ..France | |
| ...Tarn France | |
| NT | Sidobre Massif |
| RT | Montagne Noire |
| Rodez Trough | |
| SN | Department in S France. |
| Tarn-et-Garonne France | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Western Europe | |
| ..France | |
| ...Tarn-et-Garonne France | |
| RT | Rouergue |
| Quercy | |
| Orgueil Meteorite | |
| SN | Department in SW France. |
| Tarnobrzeg Poland | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Central Europe | |
| ..Poland | |
| ...Tarnobrzeg Poland | |
| NT | Sandomierz Poland |
| SN | Province and town in SE Poland. |
| Tarnow Poland | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Central Europe | |
| ..Poland | |
| ...Tarnow Poland | |
| NT | Bochnia Poland |
| SN | Province and city in S Poland. |
| Taro Valley | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Southern Europe | |
| ..Italy | |
| ...Emilia-Romagna Italy | |
| ....Taro Valley | |
| SN | River valley extending in a SW-NE direction from the N Apennines to the Po River. Also search Taro. |
| Tarragona Spain | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Southern Europe | |
| ..Iberian Peninsula | |
| ...Spain | |
| ....Catalonia Spain | |
| .....Tarragona Spain | |
| SN | Province in Catalonia in NE Spain. |
| Tarrant County Texas | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Texas | |
| ..Tarrant County Texas | |
| SN | N Texas. |
| Tartary | |
|---|---|
| USE | Tataria |
| Tartu Estonia | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Baltic region | |
| ..Estonia | |
| ...Tartu Estonia | |
| UF | Dorpat Estonia |
| SN | City on Ema River W of Lake Peipus in E Estonia. |
| Tarumae | |
|---|---|
| BT | kkaido |
| .Tarumae | |
| UF | Tarumae Volcano |
| RT | volcanoes |
| Shikotsu | |
| SN | Active volcano. South of Sapporo in S Hokkaido. |
| Tarumae Volcano | |
|---|---|
| USE | Tarumae |
| Tarvisio Italy | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Southern Europe | |
| ..Italy | |
| ...Friuli-Venezia Giulia Italy | |
| ....Tarvisio Italy | |
| SN | Town near Austrian and Slovenian borders. |
| Tary Ekan Tajikistan | |
|---|---|
| USE | Tary-Ekam Tajikistan |
| Tary-Ekam Tajikistan | |
|---|---|
| BT | Asia |
| .Tajikistan | |
| ..Leninabad Tajikistan | |
| ...Tary-Ekam Tajikistan | |
| UF | Tary Ekan Tajikistan |
| Tary-Ekan Tajikistan | |
| SN | Village in Leninabad Oblast in N Tajikistan. This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| Tary-Ekan Tajikistan | |
|---|---|
| USE | Tary-Ekam Tajikistan |
| Tas-Khayakhtakh Range | |
|---|---|
| BT | Commonwealth of Independent States |
| .Russian Federation | |
| ..Yakutia Russian Federation | |
| ...Tas-Khayakhtakh Range | |
| SN | Northern section of Cherski Range N of Okhotsk Sea in NE Yakutia. Also search Tas-Khayakhtakh. This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| Tashkent Uzbekistan | |
|---|---|
| BT | Asia |
| .Uzbekistan | |
| ..Tashkent Uzbekistan | |
| NT | Angren Uzbekistan |
| Chirchik Uzbekistan | |
| SN | Oblast and city in NE Uzbekistan. This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| Tasman |
|---|
| Tasman Basin | |
|---|---|
| BT | Pacific Ocean |
| .South Pacific | |
| ..Southwest Pacific | |
| ...Tasman Basin | |
| UF | Tasman-Becken |
| SN | Extends S of Tasman Sea proper between South Tasmanian Rise and Macquarie Ridge SW of New Zealand. Also search Tasman. This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| Tasman fold belt | |
|---|---|
| USE | Tasman orogenic zone |
| Tasman Geosyncline | |
|---|---|
| BT | Australasia |
| .Australia | |
| ..Tasman Geosyncline | |
| RT | Queensland Australia |
| geosynclines | |
| New South Wales Australia | |
| Tasmania Australia | |
| Victoria Australia | |
| SN | Also search Tasman AND geosynclines. Indexed with states as applicable. |
| Tasman oro |
|---|
| Tasman orogenic zone | |
|---|---|
| BT | Australasia |
| .Tasman orogenic zone | |
| UF | Tasman fold belt |
| RT | Queensland Australia |
| South Australia | |
| New Zealand | |
| New South Wales Australia | |
| Tasmania Australia | |
| Victoria Australia | |
| SN | Also search Tasman. Indexed with Australian states and/or New Zealand as applicable. |
| Tasman Sea | |
|---|---|
| BT | Pacific Ocean |
| .South Pacific | |
| ..Southwest Pacific | |
| ...Tasman Sea | |
| NT | Challenger Plateau |
| Dampier Ridge | |
| RT | Bass Strait |
| Leg 21 | |
| DSDP Site 207 | |
| DSDP Site 283 | |
| DSDP Site 284 | |
| SN | Between SE Australia and Tasmania on W and New Zealand on the E. Also search Tasman. This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| Tasman-Becken | |
|---|---|
| USE | Tasman Basin |
| Tasmania Basin | |
|---|---|
| BT | Australasia |
| .Australia | |
| ..Tasmania Australia | |
| ...Tasmania Basin | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1981. |
| Tasmanites | |
|---|---|
| BT | Plantae |
| .algae | |
| ..Chlorophyta | |
| ...Tasmanites | |
| RT | microfossils |
| palynomorphs | |
| SN | Indexed with microfossils if applicable. |
| Tassili des Adjer | |
|---|---|
| USE | Tassili n'Ajjer |
| Tassili n'Ajjer | |
|---|---|
| BT | Africa |
| .North Africa | |
| ..Algeria | |
| ...Tassili n'Ajjer | |
| UF | Tassili des Adjer |
| RT | Ahaggar |
| SN | An arid plateau region which is a NE extension of the Ahaggar Mountains in SE Algeria. Also search Tassili. |
| Tatar Arch | |
|---|---|
| BT | Commonwealth of Independent States |
| .Russian Federation | |
| ..Tatar Arch | |
| BT | Europe |
| .Tatar Arch | |
| RT | Tatar Russian Federation |
| SN | E central European Russian Federation centering on former Tatar A.S.S.R. This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| Tatar Russian Federation | |
|---|---|
| BT | Commonwealth of Independent States |
| .Russian Federation | |
| ..Tatar Russian Federation | |
| BT | Europe |
| .Tatar Russian Federation | |
| NT | Kazan Russian Federation |
| UF | Tatarstan Russian Federation |
| RT | Kainsaz Meteorite |
| Tatar Arch | |
| Tataria | |
| SN | The former Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. In area around great bend of Volga River where it heads S at Kazan. Before 1993, Tatar Russian Republic was also used. This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| Tatar Strait | |
|---|---|
| BT | Commonwealth of Independent States |
| .Russian Federation | |
| ..Tatar Strait | |
| BT | Asia |
| .Tatar Strait | |
| RT | Russian Far East |
| Primorye Russian Federation | |
| Japan Sea | |
| Sakhalin | |
| Okhotsk Sea | |
| SN | Between E coast of Primorye Kray and W coast of Sakhalin Island at the N end of Japan Sea. This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| Tataria | |
|---|---|
| BT | Commonwealth of Independent States |
| .Russian Federation | |
| ..Tataria | |
| BT | Europe |
| .Tataria | |
| UF | Tartary |
| Tatary | |
| RT | Tatar Russian Federation |
| SN | Originally applied to area of Mongol Empire at its height. Now, since displacement of Crimean Tatars, it can be applied to the Tartar A.S.S.R and surrounding areas inhabited by Tatars. This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| Tatarian | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Paleozoic | |
| ...Permian | |
| ....Upper Permian | |
| .....Tatarian | |
| SN | Europe. Above Kazanian, below Scythian (Triassic). |
| Tatarstan Russian Federation | |
|---|---|
| USE | Tatar Russian Federation |
| Tatary | |
|---|---|
| USE | Tataria |
| Tate County Mississippi | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Mississippi | |
| ..Tate County Mississippi | |
| Tatra Mountains | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Central Europe | |
| ..Tatra Mountains | |
| BT | Europe |
| .Carpathians | |
| ..Tatra Mountains | |
| UF | High Tatra |
| High Tatra Mountains | |
| High Tatras | |
| Tatras | |
| RT | Poland |
| Slovakia | |
| Slovakian Carpathians | |
| Krizna Nappe | |
| Low Tatra Mountains | |
| SN | Chief mountain group of central Carpathians. This term has multiple hierarchies. Indexed with countries as applicable. |
| Tatras | |
|---|---|
| USE | Tatra Mountains |
| Tattnall County Georgia | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Georgia | |
| ..Tattnall County Georgia | |
| Tatum Basin | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .New Mexico | |
| ..Tatum Basin | |
| SN | SE New Mexico. |
| Tatun Shan | |
|---|---|
| BT | Asia |
| .Far East | |
| ..Taiwan | |
| ...Tatun Shan | |
| SN | Mountain 9 miles N of Taipei. Also search Tatun. |
| Taubach Germany | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Central Europe | |
| ..Germany | |
| ...Thuringia Germany | |
| ....Taubach Germany | |
| SN | Town in Thuringia, E central Germany. |
| Tauern Tunnel | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Central Europe | |
| ..Austria | |
| ...Tauern Tunnel | |
| RT | Hohe Tauern |
| SN | Railroad tunnel through the Hohe Tauern in SW Austria. Also search Tauern. |
| Tauern Window | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Tauern Window | |
| RT | Italy |
| Tyrol Austria | |
| Trentino-Alto Adige Italy | |
| Eastern Alps | |
| Hohe Tauern | |
| SN | SW Austria and NW Italy. Added to Thesaurus in 1985. |
| Taunus | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Rhenish Schiefergebirge | |
| ..Taunus | |
| BT | Europe |
| .Central Europe | |
| ..Germany | |
| ...Hesse Germany | |
| ....Taunus | |
| UF | Taunus Mountains |
| SN | Mountain range E of the Rhine River and N of the lower Main River. This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| Taunus Mountains | |
|---|---|
| USE | Taunus |
| Taupo New Zealand | |
|---|---|
| BT | Australasia |
| .New Zealand | |
| ..Taupo New Zealand | |
| RT | North Island |
| SN | Town on Lake Taupo in central North Island. Also index North Island. |
| Taupo volcanic zone | |
|---|---|
| BT | Australasia |
| .New Zealand | |
| ..Taupo volcanic zone | |
| RT | North Island |
| Broadlands | |
| Tongariro | |
| Waimangu Field | |
| SN | Mountain region surrounding Lake Taupo in central North Island. Also index North Island. |
| Taurus Littrow | |
|---|---|
| USE | Taurus-Littrow |
| Taurus Mountains | |
|---|---|
| BT | Asia |
| .Middle East | |
| ..Turkey | |
| ...Taurus Mountains | |
| RT | Antalya Turkey |
| SN | Mountain chain on Mediterranean coast of Turkey. |
| Taurus-Littrow | |
|---|---|
| BT | Moon |
| .Taurus-Littrow | |
| UF | Taurus Littrow |
| Taurus-Littrow Valley | |
| Tranquillity Base | |
| Taurus-Littrow Valley | |
|---|---|
| USE | Taurus-Littrow |
| Tavetsch | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Central Europe | |
| ..Switzerland | |
| ...Graubunden Switzerland | |
| ....Tavetsch | |
| RT | Alps |
| Swiss Alps | |
| SN | Valley of the upper Vorderrhein River. Added to Thesaurus in 1981. |
| tavistockite | |
|---|---|
| USE | carbonate apatite |
| Tavua Fiji | |
|---|---|
| BT | Oceania |
| .Melanesia | |
| ..Fiji | |
| ...Viti Levu | |
| ....Tavua Fiji | |
| SN | Town on Tauva Bay, Fiji. |
| Tawi Valley | |
|---|---|
| BT | Asia |
| .Indian Peninsula | |
| ..Jammu and Kashmir | |
| ...Tawi Valley | |
| RT | India |
| Pakistan | |
| SN | River valley in SW Jammu and Kashmir, disputed territory between India and Pakistan. Also search Tawi River. Before 1993, India was a broader term. Indexed with India and/or Pakistan as applicable. |
| taxa, ahermatypic | |
|---|---|
| USE | ahermatypic taxa |
| taxa, anaerobic | |
|---|---|
| USE | anaerobic taxa |
| taxa, benthonic | |
|---|---|
| USE | benthonic taxa |
| taxa, colonial | |
|---|---|
| USE | colonial taxa |
| taxa, cosmopolitan | |
|---|---|
| USE | cosmopolitan taxa |
| taxa, endemic | |
|---|---|
| USE | endemic taxa |
| taxa, extinct | |
|---|---|
| USE | extinct taxa |
| taxa, hermatypic | |
|---|---|
| USE | hermatypic taxa |
| taxa, heteromorphic | |
|---|---|
| USE | heteromorphic taxa |
| taxa, living | |
|---|---|
| USE | living taxa |
| taxa, new | |
|---|---|
| USE | new taxa |
| taxa, planktonic | |
|---|---|
| USE | planktonic taxa |
| taxes | |
|---|---|
| RT | economics |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1981. |
| Taxodiaceae | |
|---|---|
| BT | Plantae |
| .Spermatophyta | |
| ..Gymnospermae | |
| ...Coniferales | |
| ....Taxodiaceae | |
| NT | Sequoia |
| RT | Pinaceae |
| Taxodium | |
| SN | Family. |
| Taxodium | |
|---|---|
| BT | Plantae |
| .Spermatophyta | |
| ..Gymnospermae | |
| ...Coniferales | |
| ....Taxodium | |
| RT | Taxodiaceae |
| taxonomy | |
|---|---|
| RT | cladistics |
| classification | |
| extinct taxa | |
| heteromorphic taxa | |
| holotypes | |
| homonymy | |
| miscellanea | |
| new names | |
| new taxa | |
| paleontology | |
| paratypes | |
| phenotypes | |
| range | |
| revision | |
| synonymy | |
| type specimens | |
| taxonomy review | |
|---|---|
| SN | A valid term through 1973. Use taxonomy. |
| Tay Estuary | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Western Europe | |
| ..United Kingdom | |
| ...Great Britain | |
| ....Scotland | |
| .....Tay Estuary | |
| UF | Firth of Tay |
| RT | Fife region Scotland |
| SN | N of the Firth of Forth on the North Sea. |
| Taygonos Peninsula | |
|---|---|
| BT | Commonwealth of Independent States |
| .Russian Federation | |
| ..Magadan Russian Federation | |
| ...Taygonos Peninsula | |
| UF | Taigonos Peninsula |
| SN | On N Okhotsk Sea between Gizhiga and Penzhina bays. Also search Taygonos. This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| Taylor County Florida | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Florida | |
| ..Taylor County Florida | |
| SN | On the Gulf of Mexico in N Florida. |
| Taylor County Georgia | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Georgia | |
| ..Taylor County Georgia | |
| SN | W central Georgia. |
| Taylor County Iowa | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Iowa | |
| ..Taylor County Iowa | |
| SN | SW Iowa. |
| Taylor County Kentucky | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Kentucky | |
| ..Taylor County Kentucky | |
| SN | Central Kentucky. |
| Taylor County Texas | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Texas | |
| ..Taylor County Texas | |
| NT | Abilene Texas |
| RT | Silo Field |
| SN | W central Texas. |
| Taylor County West Virginia | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .West Virginia | |
| ..Taylor County West Virginia | |
| SN | N West Virginia. |
| Taylor County Wisconsin | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Wisconsin | |
| ..Taylor County Wisconsin | |
| SN | N central Wisconsin. |
| Taylor Glacier | |
|---|---|
| RT | Antarctica |
| Taylor Valley | |
| SN | In the McMurdo Sound area in S Victoria Land just NW of Ross Ice Shelf. May occur in other locations. Also search Taylor AND appropriate area. Indexed with Antarctica or location as applicable. |
| Taylor Group | |
|---|---|
| RT | Antarctica |
| Beacon Supergroup | |
| Devonian | |
| Taylor Marl | |
| SN | In Beacon Supergroup. Devonian. In Ross Dependency, Antarctica. For the Gulfian unit in Texas, Arkansas, and Louisiana, use Taylor Marl if applicable. Indexed with age as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1995. |
| Taylor Marl | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Mesozoic | |
| ...Cretaceous | |
| ....Upper Cretaceous | |
| .....Gulfian | |
| ......Taylor Marl | |
| RT | Louisiana |
| Texas | |
| Taylor Group | |
| SN | Gulfian. Central and E Texas, Louisiana. Added to Thesaurus in 1993. |
| Taylor Valley | |
|---|---|
| RT | Antarctica |
| Lake Bonney | |
| McMurdo Sound | |
| Taylor Glacier | |
| Victoria Land | |
| SN | At McMurdo Sound in S Victoria Land in the Taylor Glacier area NW of Ross Ice Shelf. Also search Taylor AND Antarctica. Indexed with Antarctica or region as applicable. |
| Taymyr Dolgan-Nenets Russian Federation | |
|---|---|
| BT | Commonwealth of Independent States |
| .Russian Federation | |
| ..Krasnoyarsk Russian Federation | |
| ...Taymyr Dolgan-Nenets Russian Federation | |
| NT | Khatanga Russian Federation |
| Norilsk region | |
| Norilsk Russian Federation | |
| Tareya Russian Federation | |
| Taymyr Peninsula | |
| Ust-Yenisei Basin | |
| UF | Dolgan-Nenets Russian Federation |
| Taimyr Russian Federation | |
| RT | Russian Arctic |
| Khatanga Basin | |
| Kotuy River | |
| Khatanga River | |
| Kheta River | |
| Maymecha River | |
| Popigay Structure | |
| SN | Autonomous Okrug in Arctic Krasnoyarsk Kray. Includes the Taymyr Peninsula. Before 1993, Taymyr Dolgan-Nenets Russian Republic was also used. This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| Taymyr Peninsula | |
|---|---|
| BT | Commonwealth of Independent States |
| .Russian Federation | |
| ..Krasnoyarsk Russian Federation | |
| ...Taymyr Dolgan-Nenets Russian Federation | |
| ....Taymyr Peninsula | |
| UF | Taimyr (Peninsula) |
| Taimyr Peninsula | |
| SN | Between the Yenisei River and the Khatanga River in the Taymyr National Okrug in northernmost Siberia. This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| Taz Basin | |
|---|---|
| BT | Commonwealth of Independent States |
| .Russian Federation | |
| ..Tyumen Russian Federation | |
| ...Yamal-Nenets Russian Federation | |
| ....Taz Basin | |
| SN | River basin in E and NE Yamal Nenets National Okrug in NW Siberia. Also search Taz. This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| Taza Morocco | |
|---|---|
| BT | Africa |
| .North Africa | |
| ..Morocco | |
| ...Taza Morocco | |
| SN | Town E of Fez in N Morocco. |
| Tazewell County Illinois | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Illinois | |
| ..Tazewell County Illinois | |
| SN | Central Illinois. |
| Tazewell County Virginia | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Virginia | |
| ..Tazewell County Virginia | |
| SN | SW Virginia. |
| Tazin Lake | |
|---|---|
| BT | Canada |
| .Western Canada | |
| ..Saskatchewan | |
| ...Tazin Lake | |
| SN | Extreme NW Saskatchewan. |
| Tb | |
|---|---|
| USE | terbium |
| Tbilisi Georgian Republic | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Georgian Republic | |
| ..Tbilisi Georgian Republic | |
| UF | Tiflis Georgian Republic |
| SN | City in SE Georgian Republic. |
| Tc | |
|---|---|
| USE | technetium |
| Tc-99 | |
|---|---|
| BT | isotopes |
| .radioactive isotopes | |
| ..Tc-99 | |
| BT | metals |
| .technetium | |
| ..Tc-99 | |
| SN | This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| TCDD | |
|---|---|
| USE | dioxins |
| TCE | |
|---|---|
| SN | Not a valid term for GeoRef. See trichloroethylene or tetrachloroethylene. May also be used for trichloroethanol, and thermal coefficient of expansion. |
| Tchornozem | |
|---|---|
| USE | Chernozems |
| TDR | |
|---|---|
| SN | See time domain reflectometry if applicable. |
| Te | |
|---|---|
| USE | tellurium |
| Te Aroha New Zealand | |
|---|---|
| BT | Australasia |
| .New Zealand | |
| ..Te Aroha New Zealand | |
| RT | North Island |
| SN | Town 70 miles SE of Auckland in N central North Island. Also index North Island. |
| teacher education | |
|---|---|
| BT | education |
| .teacher education | |
| UF | teacher training |
| RT | elementary school |
| high school | |
| junior high school | |
| K-12 education | |
| SN | Also search teachers if applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1995. |
| teacher training | |
|---|---|
| USE | teacher education |
| teaching aids | |
|---|---|
| USE | educational resources |
| Teapot Dome | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Wyoming | |
| ..Teapot Dome | |
| RT | Natrona County Wyoming |
| SN | Near Casper in central Wyoming. Indexed with county as applicable. |
| Teapot Sandstone Member | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Mesozoic | |
| ...Cretaceous | |
| ....Upper Cretaceous | |
| .....Teapot Sandstone Member | |
| RT | Wyoming |
| SN | E Wyoming. Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| tear faults | |
|---|---|
| BT | faults |
| .tear faults | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| tec |
|---|
| technetium | |
|---|---|
| BT | metals |
| .technetium | |
| NT | Tc-99 |
| UF | Tc |
| technical cooperation | |
|---|---|
| RT | international cooperation |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1981. |
| technical writing | |
|---|---|
| UF | writing, technical |
| RT | education |
| research | |
| practice | |
| SN | Also search writing. Added to Thesaurus in 1995. |
| technique | |
|---|---|
| USE | techniques |
| technique and apparatus | |
|---|---|
| SN | Not a valid GeoRef index term after 1968. See instruments; techniques; apparatus. |
| techniques | |
|---|---|
| UF | technique |
| RT | instruments |
| precision | |
| quality control | |
| methods | |
| sample preparation | |
| sampling | |
| measurement-while-drilling | |
| irradiation | |
| three-dimensional methods | |
| SN | This term deals with sampling. |
| technology | |
|---|---|
| RT | mining geology |
| production control | |
| technology transfer | |
| technology transfer | |
|---|---|
| RT | economics |
| technology | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1981. |
| tectites | |
|---|---|
| USE | tektites |
| tectogenesis | |
|---|---|
| USE | orogeny |
| tectonic | |
|---|---|
| SN | A valid term through 1977. Used in reference to maps. See tectonic maps. |
| tectonic breccia | |
|---|---|
| BT | sedimentary rocks |
| .clastic rocks | |
| ..breccia | |
| ...tectonic breccia | |
| RT | tectonics |
| megabreccia | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1981. |
| tectonic controls | |
|---|---|
| USE | structural controls |
| tectonic elements | |
|---|---|
| RT | faults |
| folds | |
| fractures | |
| tectonic units | |
| tectonics | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1981. |
| tectonic imbrication | |
|---|---|
| USE | imbricate tectonics |
| tectonic lines | |
|---|---|
| USE | lineaments |
| tectonic maps | |
|---|---|
| BT | maps |
| .tectonic maps | |
| RT | tectonics |
| structure contour maps | |
| tectonic units | |
| geotectonic maps | |
| seismotectonic maps | |
| SN | Before 1978, also search maps AND tectonic. Use geotectonic maps for plate tectonics, continental drift and related subjects. |
| tectonic platforms | |
|---|---|
| RT | continents |
| cratons | |
| platforms | |
| tectonic units | |
| tectonics | |
| SN | Before 1981, also search platforms. Added to Thesaurus in 1981. |
| tectonic sutures | |
|---|---|
| USE | suture zones |
| tectonic units | |
|---|---|
| RT | cratons |
| tectonic elements | |
| tectonic maps | |
| tectonic platforms | |
| tectonic wedges | |
| tectonics | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1982. |
| tectonic wedges | |
|---|---|
| RT | faults |
| imbricate tectonics | |
| tectonic units | |
| tectonics | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1981. |
| tectonics | |
|---|---|
| NT | basement tectonics |
| compression tectonics | |
| cover tectonics | |
| extension tectonics | |
| imbricate tectonics | |
| inversion tectonics | |
| neotectonics | |
| salt tectonics | |
| seismotectonics | |
| thick-skinned tectonics | |
| thin-skinned tectonics | |
| UF | geotectonics |
| tectonism | |
| RT | arches |
| Acadian Phase | |
| Antler Orogeny | |
| accommodation zones | |
| accretion | |
| accretionary wedges | |
| Alleghany Orogeny | |
| allochthons | |
| autochthons | |
| Alpine Orogeny | |
| Andean Orogeny | |
| Appalachian Phase | |
| Assyntic Orogeny | |
| Asturian Orogeny | |
| atectonic processes | |
| aulacogens | |
| back-arc basin | |
| SN | Used for the structural makeup and structural evolution of regions. See also structural analysis for smaller structures. For microscopic structures, see ultrastructure. After 1998, see deformation. Neotectonics is also used for post-Miocene tectonics. Bef |
| tectonism | |
|---|---|
| USE | tectonics |
| tectonite | |
|---|---|
| RT | deformation |
| fabric | |
| preferred orientation | |
| tectonophysics | |
|---|---|
| RT | asthenosphere |
| bibliography | |
| continental drift | |
| continental margin | |
| convection | |
| convection currents | |
| core | |
| core-mantle boundary | |
| crust | |
| crustal thinning | |
| deformation | |
| Earth | |
| Earth tides | |
| expanding Earth | |
| faults | |
| folds | |
| foliation | |
| fractures | |
| geophysics | |
| geosynclines | |
| geotecto | |
| SN | Used for treatments of the application of physics in tectonics; solid-Earth geophysics. Use for the discipline as a whole. |
| Tectonophysics (category) | |
|---|---|
| SN | Tectonophysics, GeoRef category code 18, is one of thirty categories used to classify documents in GeoRef. Each reference in GeoRef is assigned one or more categories. Categories can be used, in addition to Terms, to refine searches (See List A.). |
| tectonosphere | |
|---|---|
| RT | biosphere |
| hydrosphere | |
| lithosphere | |
| plate tectonics | |
| tectonics | |
| tectonostratigraphic terranes | |
|---|---|
| USE | terranes |
| tectonostratigraphic units | |
|---|---|
| RT | event stratigraphy |
| lithostratigraphy | |
| melange | |
| stratigraphic units | |
| stratigraphy | |
| tectonics | |
| terranes | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1985. |
| tectosilicates | |
|---|---|
| USE | framework silicates |
| teeth | |
|---|---|
| RT | anatomy |
| bones | |
| enamel | |
| jaws | |
| paleopathology | |
| skeletons | |
| skulls | |
| Vertebrata | |
| SN | Also search enamel if applicable. |
| Tehachapi Mountains | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .California | |
| ..Tehachapi Mountains | |
| RT | Kern County California |
| Los Angeles County California | |
| San Emigdio Mountains | |
| SN | Range running E-W between S end of Sierra Nevada and the Coast Ranges largely in Kern County in S California. Also search Tehachapi. Indexed with counties as applicable. |
| Tehama County California | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .California | |
| ..Tehama County California | |
| RT | Lassen Volcanic National Park |
| SN | N California. |
| Teheran Iran | |
|---|---|
| BT | Asia |
| .Middle East | |
| ..Iran | |
| ...Teheran Iran | |
| UF | Tehran Iran |
| SN | City at S foot of the Elburz in Central province, Iran. |
| Tehran Iran | |
|---|---|
| USE | Teheran Iran |
| Tehri | |
|---|---|
| SN | Not a valid term for GeoRef. See Tehri Garhwal India. |
| Tehri Garhwal India | |
|---|---|
| BT | Asia |
| .Indian Peninsula | |
| ..India | |
| ...Uttar Pradesh India | |
| ....Tehri Garhwal India | |
| SN | District in Himalayas in NW Uttar Pradesh. Also search Tehri. |
| Teichichnus | |
|---|---|
| BT | ichnofossils |
| .Teichichnus | |
| Teide | |
|---|---|
| BT | Atlantic Ocean Islands |
| .Canary Islands | |
| ..Tenerife | |
| ...Teide | |
| UF | Pico de Teide |
| Tenerife, Pico de | |
| Teyde, Pico de | |
| RT | volcanoes |
| SN | Large volcano. Tenerife, Canary Islands. Includes Las Canadas Caldera. |
| Teign Valley | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Western Europe | |
| ..United Kingdom | |
| ...Great Britain | |
| ....England | |
| .....Devonshire England | |
| ......Teign Valley | |
| SN | River valley in Devonshire in SW England. Also search Teign River. |
| Teisseyre-Tornquist Zone | |
|---|---|
| USE | Tornquist-Teisseyre Zone |
| Tejon Formation | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Cenozoic | |
| ...Paleogene | |
| ....Eocene | |
| .....upper Eocene | |
| ......Tejon Formation | |
| RT | California |
| Cozy Dell Formation | |
| Matilija Formation | |
| SN | At the type section, subdivided into 4 members (ascending): Uvas Conglomerate, Liveoak, Metralla Sandstone, and Reed Canyon Silt. In the Ventura region, includes Matilija, Cozy Dell and Coldwater formations. Underlies Tecuya Formation; overlies basement c |
| Tekeli Kazakhstan | |
|---|---|
| BT | Commonwealth of Independent States |
| .Kazakhstan | |
| ..Tekeli Kazakhstan | |
| SN | Town in Taldy Kurgan Oblast near Xinjiang border in E Kazakhstan. This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| tektites | |
|---|---|
| NT | australite |
| Darwin glass | |
| indochinite | |
| irghizite | |
| microtektites | |
| moldavite | |
| muong nong-type tektites | |
| philippinite | |
| UF | tectites |
| RT | isotopes |
| petrology | |
| planetology | |
| meteorites | |
| glass materials | |
| glasses | |
| asteroids | |
| comets | |
| impactite | |
| spherules | |
| SN | Used for the descriptions of small, rounded, pitted bodies of silicate glass of nonvolcanic origin. |
| tele | |
|---|---|
| USE | frozen ground |
| Teleajen Valley | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Southern Europe | |
| ..Romania | |
| ...Teleajen Valley | |
| BT | Europe |
| .Moldavia | |
| ..Teleajen Valley | |
| RT | Prahova Romania |
| SN | River valley in Prahova County in NE Moldavia. Also search Teleajen; Teleajen River. This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| Telemark Norway | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Western Europe | |
| ..Scandinavia | |
| ...Norway | |
| ....Telemark Norway | |
| NT | Bamble Norway |
| Langesund Fjord | |
| telemetry | |
|---|---|
| RT | Landsat |
| measurement | |
| microwave methods | |
| multispectral analysis | |
| remote sensing | |
| satellite methods | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| Teleosauridae | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chordata |
| .Vertebrata | |
| ..Tetrapoda | |
| ...Reptilia | |
| ....Diapsida | |
| .....Archosauria | |
| ......Crocodilia | |
| .......Teleosauridae | |
| SN | Family. |
| Teleostei | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chordata |
| .Vertebrata | |
| ..Pisces | |
| ...Osteichthyes | |
| ....Actinopterygii | |
| .....Teleostei | |
| NT | Cypriniformes |
| Perciformes | |
| Salmoniformes | |
| SN | Infraclass. |
| teleseismic signals | |
|---|---|
| RT | coseismic processes |
| earthquakes | |
| signals | |
| seismology | |
| telethermal processes | |
|---|---|
| RT | mineral deposits, genesis |
| processes | |
| SN | Also search telethermal. Added to Thesaurus in 1981. |
| television logging | |
|---|---|
| SN | Use well-logging. Also see borehole televiewers. |
| Telfair County Georgia | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Georgia | |
| ..Telfair County Georgia | |
| telinite | |
|---|---|
| BT | macerals |
| .vitrinite | |
| ..telinite | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1981. |
| Tell | |
|---|---|
| BT | Africa |
| .North Africa | |
| ..Algeria | |
| ...Tell | |
| SN | The Mediterranean coastal region of Algeria which is favored by a Mediterranean type climate. |
| Teller County Colorado | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Colorado | |
| ..Teller County Colorado | |
| NT | Cripple Creek Colorado |
| SN | Central Colorado. |
| tellurates | |
|---|---|
| RT | minerals |
| SN | Before 1981, search tellurates and tellurites. |
| tellurates and tellurites | |
|---|---|
| SN | As of 1981, no longer a valid term for GeoRef. Use either tellurates or tellurites as applicable. |
| tellurbismuth | |
|---|---|
| USE | tellurobismuthite |
| telluric currents | |
|---|---|
| SN | Not a valid index term for GeoRef. See Earth-current methods. |
| telluric methods | |
|---|---|
| USE | Earth-current methods |
| tellurides | |
|---|---|
| NT | altaite |
| calaverite | |
| coloradoite | |
| hedleyite | |
| hessite | |
| joseite | |
| sylvanite | |
| tellurobismuthite | |
| tetradymite | |
| RT | minerals |
| wehrlite | |
| tellurites | |
|---|---|
| NT | mroseite |
| RT | minerals |
| SN | Before 1981, search tellurates and tellurites. |
| tellurium | |
|---|---|
| UF | Te |
| RT | chalcophile elements |
| heavy metals | |
| chemical elements | |
| tellurobismuthite | |
|---|---|
| BT | tellurides |
| .tellurobismuthite | |
| UF | tellurbismuth |
| Telychian | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Paleozoic | |
| ...Silurian | |
| ....Llandovery | |
| .....Telychian | |
| TEM data | |
|---|---|
| UF | transmission electron microscopy data |
| RT | electron microscopy |
| data | |
| electron microscopy data | |
| SEM data | |
| scanning electron microscopy | |
| SN | Acronym. For the method, see transmission method. For transient electromagnetic (TEM) response, use transient methods and (electromagnetic methods, or electromagnetic logging) as applicable. |
| Temagami Mine | |
|---|---|
| BT | Canada |
| .Eastern Canada | |
| ..Ontario | |
| ...Temagami Mine | |
| UF | Timagami Mine |
| RT | mines |
| silver ores | |
| copper ores | |
| gold ores | |
| SN | Copper, gold and silver ores. Near village of Temagami on E end of Lake Temagami near Quebec border. Also search Temagami; Timagami. |
| Temblor Formation | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Cenozoic | |
| ...Neogene | |
| ....Miocene | |
| .....Temblor Formation | |
| RT | California |
| SN | Central and Southern California. Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| Temblor Range | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .California | |
| ..Temblor Range | |
| RT | Kern County California |
| San Luis Obispo County California | |
| San Emigdio Mountains | |
| SN | Along SW San Joaquin Valley in W and SW Kern County. Indexed with counties as applicable. |
| Temiscamingue County Quebec | |
|---|---|
| BT | Canada |
| .Eastern Canada | |
| ..Quebec | |
| ...Temiscamingue County Quebec | |
| NT | Kipawa Lake |
| Rouyn Quebec | |
| UF | Timiskaming County Quebec |
| Temiskaming County Quebec | |
| RT | Timiskaming District Ontario |
| Lake Timiskaming | |
| SN | SW Quebec on Ontario border. |
| Temiscamingue District Ontario | |
|---|---|
| USE | Timiskaming District Ontario |
| Temiscamingue Lake | |
|---|---|
| USE | Lake Timiskaming |
| Temiscouata County Quebec | |
|---|---|
| BT | Canada |
| .Eastern Canada | |
| ..Quebec | |
| ...Temiscouata County Quebec | |
| Temiskaming County Quebec | |
|---|---|
| USE | Temiscamingue County Quebec |
| Temiskaming District Ontario | |
|---|---|
| USE | Timiskaming District Ontario |
| Temiskaming Lake | |
|---|---|
| USE | Lake Timiskaming |
| Temnospondyli | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chordata |
| .Vertebrata | |
| ..Tetrapoda | |
| ...Amphibia | |
| ....Labyrinthodontia | |
| .....Temnospondyli | |
| SN | Order. |
| Tempe Terra | |
|---|---|
| BT | Mars |
| .Tempe Terra | |
| SN | Extensive land mass. Named for Tempe albedo feature. |
| temperate environment | |
|---|---|
| RT | climate |
| depositional environment | |
| ecology | |
| paleoclimatology | |
| rain forests | |
| SN | Before 1978, search temperate. |
| temperature | |
|---|---|
| NT | high temperature |
| low temperature | |
| UF | temperatures |
| RT | P-T-t paths |
| climate | |
| phase equilibria | |
| heat flow | |
| boiling | |
| geologic thermometry | |
| fluid inclusions | |
| greenhouse effect | |
| isochores | |
| global warming | |
| cooling | |
| heating | |
| emissivity | |
| Kirchhoff integral | |
| P-T conditions | |
| paleotemperature | |
| sea-surface temperature | |
| isotherms | |
| specifi | |
| SN | For temperatures of mineral formation, see phase equilibria. As of 1982, use paleotemperature under paleoclimatology. Before 1974, also search paleotemperature; paleotemperatures. |
| temperature anomaly | |
|---|---|
| USE | thermal anomalies |
| temperature logging | |
|---|---|
| BT | well-logging |
| .temperature logging | |
| RT | heat flow |
| temperature | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1985. |
| temperature methods | |
|---|---|
| USE | heat flow |
| temperatures | |
|---|---|
| USE | temperature |
| tempestite | |
|---|---|
| RT | clastic rocks |
| clastic sediments | |
| sedimentary rocks | |
| sediments | |
| shallow-water environment | |
| storm environment | |
| SN | Storm deposit. Indexed with clastic rocks or clastic sediments as applicable. See lists I or N. Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| temporal distribution | |
|---|---|
| RT | distribution |
| time factor | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1981. |
| Tendoy Range | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Montana | |
| ..Beaverhead County Montana | |
| ...Tendoy Range | |
| BT | United States |
| .U. S. Rocky Mountains | |
| ..Tendoy Range | |
| SN | SW Montana. This term has multiple hierarchies. Added to Thesaurus in 1985. |
| Tenerife | |
|---|---|
| BT | Atlantic Ocean Islands |
| .Canary Islands | |
| ..Tenerife | |
| NT | Teide |
| UF | Teneriffe |
| SN | Largest island in the Spanish controlled Canary Islands off NW Africa. |
| Tenerife, Pico de | |
|---|---|
| USE | Teide |
| Teneriffe | |
|---|---|
| USE | Tenerife |
| Tengchong | |
|---|---|
| BT | Asia |
| .Far East | |
| ..China | |
| ...Yunnan China | |
| ....Tengchong | |
| RT | volcanoes |
| geothermal fields | |
| SN | Volcano-geothermal region in Yunnan, SW China. Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| Tengiz Field | |
|---|---|
| BT | Commonwealth of Independent States |
| .Kazakhstan | |
| ..Tengiz Field | |
| RT | oil and gas fields |
| Caspian Depression | |
| Emba River | |
| SN | Supergiant oil field SE Caspian Depression, W central Kazakhstan. Also search Tengiz which was also infrequently used for the lake 800 miles to the east. This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| Tengiz Lake | |
|---|---|
| BT | Commonwealth of Independent States |
| .Kazakhstan | |
| ..Tengiz Lake | |
| UF | Teniz Lake |
| RT | Sarysu River |
| SN | Salt lake NW of Karaganda in N central Kazakhstan. See Tengiz Field for the Caspian oil field in W Kazakhstan. This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| Teniz Lake | |
|---|---|
| USE | Tengiz Lake |
| Tennant Creek Australia | |
|---|---|
| BT | Australasia |
| .Australia | |
| ..Northern Territory Australia | |
| ...Tennant Creek Australia | |
| SN | Village 280 miles N of Alice Springs in central Northern Territory. |
| tennantite | |
|---|---|
| BT | sulfosalts |
| .sulfarsenites | |
| ..tennantite | |
| RT | copper ores |
| copper minerals | |
| Tennes |
|---|
| Tennessee River | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Tennessee River | |
| RT | Kentucky |
| Alabama | |
| Tennessee | |
| SN | Formed near Knoxville in E Tennessee. It flows SW, W, and then N entering the Ohio River at Paducah in W Kentucky. Indexed with states as applicable. |
| Tennessee Sandstone | |
|---|---|
| RT | Arkansas |
| geophysics | |
| Pennsylvanian | |
| SN | Not a currently valid stratigraphic name in the United States. Tennessee Sandstone is typically exposed in Tennessee Ridge, Sebastian County, Tennessee. This material is used for studies of geophysical and structural properties. |
| Tennessee Valley | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Tennessee Valley | |
| RT | Kentucky |
| Alabama | |
| Tennessee | |
| Great Appalachian Valley | |
| SN | River valley. Indexed with states as applicable. |
| Tensas Parish Louisiana | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Louisiana | |
| ..Tensas Parish Louisiana | |
| tensile strength | |
|---|---|
| RT | deformation |
| elastic properties | |
| failures | |
| fatigue | |
| mechanical properties | |
| rupture | |
| shear strength | |
| strength | |
| engineering geology | |
| tensiometers | |
| tension | |
| tensiometers | |
|---|---|
| RT | instruments |
| tensile strength | |
| tension | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1985. |
| Tensleep Sandstone | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Paleozoic | |
| ...Tensleep Sandstone | |
| RT | Pennsylvanian |
| Lower Permian | |
| Wyoming | |
| Montana | |
| SN | In Montchauve Group. Pennsylvanian and Lower Permian. Overlies Amsden Formation. Indexed with ages as applicable. |
| Tentaculites | |
|---|---|
| BT | Invertebrata |
| .Mollusca | |
| ..Tentaculitida | |
| ...Tentaculitidae | |
| ....Tentaculites | |
| RT | problematic fossils |
| SN | Genus. |
| Tentaculitida | |
|---|---|
| BT | Invertebrata |
| .Mollusca | |
| ..Tentaculitida | |
| NT | Tentaculitidae |
| RT | problematic fossils |
| SN | Order. |
| Tentaculitidae | |
|---|---|
| BT | Invertebrata |
| .Mollusca | |
| ..Tentaculitida | |
| ...Tentaculitidae | |
| NT | Tentaculites |
| RT | problematic fossils |
| SN | Family. |
| Tepee Trail Formation | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Cenozoic | |
| ...Paleogene | |
| ....Eocene | |
| .....upper Eocene | |
| ......Tepee Trail Formation | |
| RT | Wyoming |
| SN | NW Wyoming. Added to Thesaurus in 1985. |
| tephra | |
|---|---|
| USE | pyroclastics |
| tephrite | |
|---|---|
| BT | igneous rocks |
| .volcanic rocks | |
| ..basalts | |
| ...alkali basalts | |
| ....tephrite | |
| tephrochronology | |
|---|---|
| RT | geochronology |
| relative age | |
| tephroite | |
|---|---|
| BT | silicates |
| .orthosilicates | |
| ..nesosilicates | |
| ...olivine group | |
| ....tephroite | |
| RT | manganese minerals |
| Teplice Czech Republic | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Central Europe | |
| ..Czech Republic | |
| ...Bohemia | |
| ....Teplice Czech Republic | |
| UF | Teplice-Sanov Czech Republic |
| SN | City in the Erzgebirge, NW Czech Republic NNW of Prague. Before 1995, Teplice Czechoslovakia was also used. |
| Teplice-Sanov Czech Republic | |
|---|---|
| USE | Teplice Czech Republic |
| Ter River basin | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Southern Europe | |
| ..Iberian Peninsula | |
| ...Spain | |
| ....Ter River basin | |
| RT | Gerona Spain |
| Barcelona Spain | |
| Catalonia Spain | |
| SN | In Catalonia, Spain. Also search Ter River. Indexed with Spain and provinces as applicable. |
| terbium | |
|---|---|
| BT | metals |
| .rare earths | |
| ..terbium | |
| UF | Tb |
| Terceira Island | |
|---|---|
| BT | Atlantic Ocean Islands |
| .Azores | |
| ..Terceira Island | |
| SN | Central island of Portuguese controlled group. Site of U. S. Lajes Air Force Base. Also search Terceira. |
| Tereblya Ukraine | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Ukraine | |
| ..Tereblya Ukraine | |
| SN | Village in SW Ukraine near the Romanian border. This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| Terebratulida | |
|---|---|
| BT | Invertebrata |
| .Brachiopoda | |
| ..Articulata | |
| ...Terebratulida | |
| NT | Terebratulidae |
| Terebratulina | |
| SN | Order. |
| Terebratulidae | |
|---|---|
| BT | Invertebrata |
| .Brachiopoda | |
| ..Articulata | |
| ...Terebratulida | |
| ....Terebratulidae | |
| SN | Family. |
| Terebratulina | |
|---|---|
| BT | Invertebrata |
| .Brachiopoda | |
| ..Articulata | |
| ...Terebratulida | |
| ....Terebratulina | |
| SN | Genus. |
| Terek River | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Terek River | |
| RT | Russian Federation |
| Georgian Republic | |
| SN | Flows into the Caspian Sea N of Makhachkala in the Northern Caucasus. Also search Terek. Indexed with former Soviet republics as applicable. |
| Terlingua Texas | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Texas | |
| ..Brewster County Texas | |
| ...Terlingua Texas | |
| SN | Village in W Texas. |
| terminology | |
|---|---|
| USE | nomenclature |
| termite mounds | |
|---|---|
| RT | biogenic structures |
| Isoptera | |
| mineral exploration | |
| mounds | |
| nests | |
| SN | Also search ((Isoptera) AND (mounds or nests)) OR termitaria. Added to Thesaurus in 1998. |
| Terni Italy | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Southern Europe | |
| ..Italy | |
| ...Umbria Italy | |
| ....Terni Italy | |
| SN | City NE of Rome in S Umbria, central Italy. |
| terostegina | |
|---|---|
| NT | Heterostegina depressa |
| terpanes | |
|---|---|
| BT | organic compounds |
| .hydrocarbons | |
| ..terpanes | |
| RT | diterpanes |
| triterpanes | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1985. |
| terpenes | |
|---|---|
| USE | isoprenoids |
| terpenoids | |
|---|---|
| USE | isoprenoids |
| Terra Nova Bay | |
|---|---|
| BT | Antarctica |
| .Victoria Land | |
| ..Terra Nova Bay | |
| RT | Ross Sea |
| SN | On Ross Sea coast of Victoria Land. |
| Terra rosa | |
|---|---|
| USE | Terra rossa |
| Terra rossa | |
|---|---|
| BT | soils |
| .Terra rossa | |
| UF | Terra rosa |
| RT | soil group |
| terraces | |
|---|---|
| RT | benches |
| erosion features | |
| floodplains | |
| fluvial features | |
| lacustrine features | |
| marine terraces | |
| raised beaches | |
| sea-level changes | |
| geomorphology | |
| SN | As of 1982, use marine terraces for the shore features. |
| terrain classification | |
|---|---|
| RT | classification |
| digital terrain models | |
| geomorphology | |
| terrains | |
| SN | Before 1978, search classification AND terrains. |
| terrains | |
|---|---|
| RT | digital terrain models |
| glaciated terrains | |
| relief | |
| terrain classification | |
| geomorphology | |
| terranes | |
| tesserae | |
| topography | |
| SN | Used for tracts of land and their physical features. As of 1983, use terranes for the new concept in tectonics. Before 1983, also search terranes. |
| terranes | |
|---|---|
| NT | exotic terranes |
| UF | suspect terranes |
| tectonostratigraphic terranes | |
| RT | tectonics |
| plate tectonics | |
| accretionary wedges | |
| greenstone belts | |
| metamorphic belts | |
| metamorphic core complexes | |
| terrains | |
| tectonostratigraphic units | |
| SN | Used for the new concept in tectonics. Use terrains as a general term for tracts of land. Added to Thesaurus in 1983. |
| TERRAscope | |
|---|---|
| BT | seismic networks |
| .TERRAscope | |
| RT | California |
| arrays | |
| Southern California | |
| broad-band spectra | |
| seismograms | |
| SN | Broadband, high dynamic range seismic network, S California. for data use TERRAscope data. |
| Terrebonne County Quebec | |
|---|---|
| BT | Canada |
| .Eastern Canada | |
| ..Quebec | |
| ...Terrebonne County Quebec | |
| Terrebonne Parish Louisiana | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Louisiana | |
| ..Terrebonne Parish Louisiana | |
| NT | Isles Dernieres |
| RT | Atchafalaya Bay |
| SN | Extreme SE Louisiana, bordering the Gulf of Mexico. |
| Terrell County Georgia | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Georgia | |
| ..Terrell County Georgia | |
| Terrell County Texas | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Texas | |
| ..Terrell County Texas | |
| terrestrial | |
|---|---|
| SN | A valid term through 1977. After 1977, use terrestrial environment for type of environment. See terrestrial materials. |
| terrestrial comp |
|---|
| terrestrial comparison | |
|---|---|
| RT | Earth |
| extraterrestrial geology | |
| interplanetary comparison | |
| Moon | |
| natural analogs | |
| planetology | |
| planets | |
| SN | Used to indicate a comparison between the Earth and an extraterrestrial body or material. Also search interplanetary comparison AND Earth. Before 1981, also search terrestrial materials. Added to Thesaurus in 1982. |
| terrestrial environment | |
|---|---|
| NT | alpine environment |
| arid environment | |
| boreal environment | |
| cave environment | |
| humid environment | |
| paludal environment | |
| sebkha environment | |
| semi-arid environment | |
| subaerial environment | |
| subalpine environment | |
| taiga environment | |
| UF | continental environment |
| RT | sedimentation |
| wind transport | |
| ecology | |
| paleoecology | |
| depositional environment | |
| fresh-water environment | |
| hypersaline environment | |
| arctic environment | |
| nearshore environment | |
| supratidal environment | |
| subtidal environment | |
| terrestrial sedimentation | |
| SN | Before 1978, also search terrestrial. Used to distinguish from marine environment. |
| terrestrial materials | |
|---|---|
| SN | No longer a valid term for GeoRef as of 1981. See terrestrial comparison; interplanetary comparison. Term was introduced in 1978. Included use to indicate a comparison between Earth and Moon (lunar samples). |
| terrestrial planets | |
|---|---|
| RT | Earth |
| Mars | |
| Mercury Planet | |
| outer planets | |
| planetology | |
| planets | |
| solar system | |
| Venus | |
| SN | The four inner planets in the solar system: Mercury Planet, Venus, Earth and Mars. |
| terrestrial sedimentation | |
|---|---|
| BT | sedimentation |
| .terrestrial sedimentation | |
| RT | terrestrial environment |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1981. |
| terrigenous | |
|---|---|
| SN | No longer a valid term for GeoRef. A valid term through 1977 used in combination with clastic rocks or clastic sediments. After 1977, use terrigenous materials. |
| terrigenous materials | |
|---|---|
| RT | arenite |
| argillite | |
| arkose | |
| bentonite | |
| black shale | |
| boulders | |
| breccia | |
| cinerite | |
| clastic rocks | |
| clastic sediments | |
| clay | |
| claystone | |
| cobbles | |
| colluvium | |
| conglomerate | |
| contourite | |
| coquina | |
| diamictite | |
| drift | |
| dust | |
| eluvium | |
| eolianite | |
| fanglomerate | |
| flint clay | |
| flysch | |
| gravel | |
| graywac | |
| SN | Before 1978, also search terrigenous AND (clastic rocks or clastic sediments). |
| Terry County Texas | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Texas | |
| ..Terry County Texas | |
| Tersk(o)-Caspian Depression | |
|---|---|
| SN | As of 1995, use Caspian Basin and Terek River for the region in Northern Caucasus which includes both the Terek River valley and the Caspian Depression. |
| tertiary recovery | |
|---|---|
| BT | enhanced recovery |
| .tertiary recovery | |
| RT | petroleum engineering |
| acidification | |
| petroleum | |
| gas injection | |
| hydraulic fracturing | |
| mercury injection | |
| recovery | |
| thermal recovery | |
| secondary recovery | |
| SN | Use in relation to petroleum. |
| Teruel Spain | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Southern Europe | |
| ..Iberian Peninsula | |
| ...Spain | |
| ....Aragon Spain | |
| .....Teruel Spain | |
| RT | Calatayud-Teruel Basin |
| Maestrazgo Spain | |
| SN | Province in NE central Spain. |
| teschenite | |
|---|---|
| BT | igneous rocks |
| .plutonic rocks | |
| ..gabbros | |
| ...alkali gabbros | |
| ....teschenite | |
| Tesnus Formation | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Paleozoic | |
| ...Carboniferous | |
| ....Tesnus Formation | |
| RT | Texas |
| Marathon Geosyncline | |
| SN | Marathon Geosyncline of W Texas. Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| tesserae | |
|---|---|
| RT | block structures |
| plate tectonics | |
| rifting | |
| taphrogeny | |
| terrains | |
| Venus | |
| SN | Mosaic-like terrain on other planetary bodies. Added to Thesaurus in 1993. |
| Tessin Switzerland | |
|---|---|
| USE | Ticino Switzerland |
| tests | |
|---|---|
| RT | chitin |
| Invertebrata | |
| shells | |
| SN | As of 1976, term is only to be used with fossils. For tests used in engineering geology, see testing. |
| Testudinata | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chordata |
| .Vertebrata | |
| ..Tetrapoda | |
| ...Reptilia | |
| ....Testudinata | |
| RT | Anapsida |
| Chelonia | |
| SN | Subclass in a system in which chelonians are not considered anapsids. Indexed with Chelonia if applicable. |
| Testudines | |
|---|---|
| USE | Chelonia |
| Testudinidae | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chordata |
| .Vertebrata | |
| ..Tetrapoda | |
| ...Reptilia | |
| ....Anapsida | |
| .....Chelonia | |
| ......Testudinidae | |
| RT | Emydidae |
| SN | Family. Emydidae is often included as a subfamily. |
| Tetagouche Group | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Paleozoic | |
| ...Ordovician | |
| ....Tetagouche Group | |
| RT | New Brunswick |
| SN | N New Brunswick. Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| Tete Mozambique | |
|---|---|
| BT | Africa |
| .East Africa | |
| ..Mozambique | |
| ...Tete Mozambique | |
| SN | Town on the Zambezi River and district in NW Mozambique. |
| Teterev River valley | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Ukraine | |
| ..Teterev River valley | |
| UF | Teterev Valley |
| SN | NW Ukraine. Also search Teterev; Teterev River. This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| Teterev Valley | |
|---|---|
| USE | Teterev River valley |
| Teteven Bulgaria | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Southern Europe | |
| ..Bulgaria | |
| ...Pleven Bulgaria | |
| ....Teteven Bulgaria | |
| SN | Town in central Bulgaria. |
| Tethys | |
|---|---|
| UF | Tethys Sea |
| RT | Asia |
| Africa | |
| Europe | |
| continental drift | |
| Mesogaea | |
| Panthalassa | |
| Paratethys | |
| SN | An elongated east-west sea, similar to the Mediterranean Sea, that separated Europe and Africa and extended across southern Asia in Pre-Tertiary time. Because of inconsistencies in terminology, users should also search (Neo-Tethys, Neotethys, Paleo-Tethys |
| Tethys Satellite | |
|---|---|
| RT | icy satellites |
| satellites | |
| Saturn | |
| Voyager Program | |
| SN | One of the satellites of Saturn. |
| Tethys Sea | |
|---|---|
| USE | Tethys |
| Teton County Idaho | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Idaho | |
| ..Teton County Idaho | |
| SN | E Idaho. |
| Teton County Montana | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Montana | |
| ..Teton County Montana | |
| RT | Sawtooth Range |
| SN | N central Montana. |
| Teton County Wyoming | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Wyoming | |
| ..Teton County Wyoming | |
| NT | Grand Teton National Park |
| Jackson Hole | |
| RT | Old Faithful Geyser |
| Yellowstone National Park | |
| SN | NW Wyoming. |
| Teton National Forest | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Wyoming | |
| ..Teton National Forest | |
| RT | national forests |
| Grand Teton National Park | |
| SN | Indexed with counties as applicable. |
| Tetrabranchiata | |
|---|---|
| BT | Invertebrata |
| .Mollusca | |
| ..Cephalopoda | |
| ...Tetrabranchiata | |
| NT | Ammonoidea |
| Nautiloidea | |
| tetrachloroethylene | |
|---|---|
| BT | organic compounds |
| .halogenated hydrocarbons | |
| ..chlorinated hydrocarbons | |
| ...tetrachloroethylene | |
| UF | perchloroethylene |
| RT | ethylene |
| SN | May be abbreviated TCE or PCE. Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| tetrachloromethane | |
|---|---|
| USE | carbon tetrachloride |
| Tetracorallia | |
|---|---|
| USE | Rugosa |
| tetradymite | |
|---|---|
| BT | tellurides |
| .tetradymite | |
| BT | sulfides |
| .tetradymite | |
| SN | This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| tetrahedra | |
|---|---|
| BT | polyhedra |
| .tetrahedra | |
| tetrahedrite | |
|---|---|
| BT | sulfosalts |
| .sulfantimonites | |
| ..tetrahedrite | |
| RT | silver ores |
| copper ores | |
| copper minerals | |
| freibergite | |
| Tetrapoda | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chordata |
| .Vertebrata | |
| ..Tetrapoda | |
| NT | Amphibia |
| Aves | |
| Mammalia | |
| Reptilia | |
| Smilodon | |
| tetrataenite | |
|---|---|
| BT | alloys |
| .tetrataenite | |
| RT | meteorites |
| taenite | |
| SN | Meteorite mineral. |
| Tetyukhe Russian Federation | |
|---|---|
| BT | Commonwealth of Independent States |
| .Russian Federation | |
| ..Primorye Russian Federation | |
| ...Tetyukhe Russian Federation | |
| SN | Town in E Primorye Kray 220 miles NE of Vladivostok. Before 1993, Tetyukhe Russian Republic was also used. This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| Teutoburg Forest | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Central Europe | |
| ..Germany | |
| ...Teutoburg Forest | |
| UF | Teutoburger Wald |
| RT | North Rhine-Westphalia Germany |
| Lower Saxony Germany | |
| SN | Range of hills S of Osnabruck in NW Germany. Indexed with states as applicable. |
| Teutoburger Wald | |
|---|---|
| USE | Teutoburg Forest |
| Texas County Missouri | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Missouri | |
| ..Texas County Missouri | |
| SN | S central Missouri. |
| Texas County Oklahoma | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Oklahoma | |
| ..Texas County Oklahoma | |
| RT | Oklahoma Panhandle |
| SN | Extreme NW Oklahoma. |
| Texas Panhandle | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Texas | |
| ..Texas Panhandle | |
| RT | West Texas |
| SN | NW Texas. Also search Panhandle AND Texas. Indexed with counties as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1993. |
| text, explanatory | |
|---|---|
| USE | explanatory text |
| textbooks | |
|---|---|
| RT | book reviews |
| education | |
| educational resources | |
| glossaries | |
| manuals | |
| monographs | |
| publications | |
| SN | Use under disciplines. |
| Textulariina | |
|---|---|
| BT | Invertebrata |
| .Protista | |
| ..Foraminifera | |
| ...Textulariina | |
| NT | Ammodiscacea |
| Lituolacea | |
| RT | microfossils |
| SN | Indexed with microfossils if applicable. |
| Teyde, Pico de | |
|---|---|
| USE | Teide |
| TGA data | |
|---|---|
| RT | data |
| thermal analysis | |
| thermogravimetric analysis | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1981. |
| Th | |
|---|---|
| USE | thorium |
| Th-228 | |
|---|---|
| BT | isotopes |
| .radioactive isotopes | |
| ..Th-228 | |
| BT | metals |
| .actinides | |
| ..thorium | |
| ...Th-228 | |
| SN | This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| Th-230 | |
|---|---|
| BT | isotopes |
| .radioactive isotopes | |
| ..Th-230 | |
| BT | metals |
| .actinides | |
| ..thorium | |
| ...Th-230 | |
| UF | ionium |
| RT | Io/Th |
| Io/U | |
| Th-232/Th-230 | |
| U-234/Th-230 | |
| U-238/Th-230 | |
| SN | Used for ionium. This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| Th-230/Ra-226 | |
|---|---|
| BT | isotopes |
| .radioactive isotopes | |
| ..Th-230/Ra-226 | |
| BT | metals |
| .actinides | |
| ..thorium | |
| ...Th-230/Ra-226 | |
| BT | metals |
| .alkaline earth metals | |
| ..radium | |
| ...Th-230/Ra-226 | |
| UF | Ra-226/Th-230 |
| SN | This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| Th-230/Th-232 | |
|---|---|
| USE | Th-232/Th-230 |
| Th-230/U-234 | |
|---|---|
| USE | U-234/Th-230 |
| Th-230/U-238 | |
|---|---|
| USE | U-238/Th-230 |
| Th-232 | |
|---|---|
| BT | isotopes |
| .radioactive isotopes | |
| ..Th-232 | |
| BT | metals |
| .actinides | |
| ..thorium | |
| ...Th-232 | |
| RT | Th-232/Th-230 |
| U-238/Th-232 | |
| SN | This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| Th-232/Th-230 | |
|---|---|
| BT | isotopes |
| .radioactive isotopes | |
| ..Th-232/Th-230 | |
| BT | metals |
| .actinides | |
| ..thorium | |
| ...Th-232/Th-230 | |
| UF | Th-230/Th-232 |
| RT | isotope ratios |
| Th-230 | |
| Th-232 | |
| SN | This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| Th-232/U-238 | |
|---|---|
| USE | U-238/Th-232 |
| Th-234 | |
|---|---|
| BT | isotopes |
| .radioactive isotopes | |
| ..Th-234 | |
| BT | metals |
| .actinides | |
| ..thorium | |
| ...Th-234 | |
| SN | This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| Th/Th | |
|---|---|
| RT | absolute age |
| isotope ratios | |
| Th/U | |
| thorium | |
| SN | Isotopic ratio used in age determination. |
| Th/U | |
|---|---|
| UF | thorium-uranium |
| U/Th | |
| uranium-thorium | |
| RT | absolute age |
| isotope ratios | |
| HIMU | |
| thorium | |
| uranium | |
| U/Th/Pb | |
| Th/Th | |
| SN | Isotopic ratio used in age determination. |
| Thalassinoides | |
|---|---|
| BT | ichnofossils |
| .Thalassinoides | |
| thalenite | |
|---|---|
| BT | silicates |
| .orthosilicates | |
| ..sorosilicates | |
| ...thalenite | |
| thallium | |
|---|---|
| BT | metals |
| .thallium | |
| UF | Tl |
| thallophytes | |
|---|---|
| RT | algae |
| bacteria | |
| Bryophyta | |
| cyanobacteria | |
| fungi | |
| lichens | |
| Plantae | |
| prokaryotes | |
| Pteropsida | |
| SN | Before 1998, algae, bacteria, fungi, lichens, and prokaryotes were narrower terms; Plantae was a broader term. |
| thalwegs | |
|---|---|
| RT | channels |
| fluvial currents | |
| ground water | |
| stream transport | |
| streams | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| Thamama Group | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Mesozoic | |
| ...Cretaceous | |
| ....Lower Cretaceous | |
| .....Thamama Group | |
| RT | United Arab Emirates |
| Saudi Arabia | |
| Oman | |
| Qatar | |
| SN | Arabian Peninsula. Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| Thames Estuary | |
|---|---|
| RT | England |
| Essex England | |
| Isle of Sheppey | |
| Kent England | |
| London England | |
| SN | The broad tidal mouth of the Thames River in SE England. Also search Thames AND England. May also occur in other locations. Indexed with counties and/or countries and/or region as applicable. |
| Thames River | |
|---|---|
| UF | The Thames |
| RT | England |
| Ontario | |
| Connecticut | |
| New London County Connecticut | |
| Lake Saint Clair | |
| Essex England | |
| Kent England | |
| Isle of Sheppey | |
| London England | |
| SN | Flows from the E slope of the Cotswold Hills E to the North Sea in SE England. Also in SE Connecticut which flows into Long Island Sound. Also in SE Ontario which flows into Lake Saint Clair. Also search Thames in combination with state or country. Indexe |
| thanatocenoses | |
|---|---|
| UF | death assemblages |
| taphocenoses | |
| taphocoenosis | |
| thanatocoenosis | |
| RT | paleontology |
| biocenoses | |
| taphonomy | |
| thanatocoenosis | |
|---|---|
| USE | thanatocenoses |
| Thanetian | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Cenozoic | |
| ...Paleogene | |
| ....Paleocene | |
| .....Thanetian | |
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Cenozoic | |
| ...Paleogene | |
| ....Paleocene | |
| .....upper Paleocene | |
| ......Thanetian | |
| SN | Europe. Above Montian, below Ypresian (Eocene). |
| Tharsis | |
|---|---|
| BT | Mars |
| .Tharsis | |
| RT | Arsia Mons |
| Tharsis Montes | |
| Ascraeus Mons | |
| SN | As of 1978, term is restricted to morphologic features on Mars. Before 1978 term was also used for village in Spain. |
| Tharsis Montes | |
|---|---|
| BT | Mars |
| .Tharsis Montes | |
| RT | Arsia Mons |
| Tharsis | |
| Ascraeus Mons | |
| SN | In Tharsis region includes Ascraeus Mons, Pavonis Mons, and Arsia Mons. Added to Thesaurus in 1993. |
| thaumasite | |
|---|---|
| BT | carbonates |
| .thaumasite | |
| BT | silicates |
| .orthosilicates | |
| ..nesosilicates | |
| ...thaumasite | |
| BT | sulfates |
| .thaumasite | |
| SN | This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| thawing | |
|---|---|
| RT | freezing |
| frost action | |
| glacial geology | |
| ice | |
| permafrost | |
| snow | |
| taliks | |
| Thayer County Nebraska | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Nebraska | |
| ..Thayer County Nebraska | |
| Thaynes Formation | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Mesozoic | |
| ...Triassic | |
| ....Lower Triassic | |
| .....Thaynes Formation | |
| RT | Idaho |
| Utah | |
| Wyoming | |
| Montana | |
| SN | Consists of limestone, calcareous sandstone, sandstone, shale, and in the middle, red shale member. In SE Idaho, SW Montana, NE Utah, and SW Wyoming. |
| The Banks | |
|---|---|
| USE | Outer Banks |
| The Coorong | |
|---|---|
| USE | Coorong Lagoon |
| The Geysers | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .California | |
| ..The Geysers | |
| UF | Geysers, The |
| RT | geothermal fields |
| Sonoma County California | |
| SN | Eight miles NE of Geyserville in Sonoma County, W California. |
| The Great Oasis | |
|---|---|
| USE | Kharga Oasis |
| The Himalaya | |
|---|---|
| USE | Himalayas |
| The Rand | |
|---|---|
| SN | Not a valid term for GeoRef. See Witwatersrand for basin of South Africa or Rand Mountains of California as applicable. |
| The Spessart | |
|---|---|
| USE | Spessart |
| The Thames | |
|---|---|
| USE | Thames River |
| The Weald | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Western Europe | |
| ..United Kingdom | |
| ...Great Britain | |
| ....England | |
| .....The Weald | |
| UF | Weald |
| Weald region | |
| RT | Kent England |
| Sussex England | |
| Surrey England | |
| SN | Wooded region in Kent, Surrey, and Sussex counties of SE England. |
| Thebes Formation | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Cenozoic | |
| ...Paleogene | |
| ....Eocene | |
| .....lower Eocene | |
| ......Thebes Formation | |
| RT | Egypt |
| SN | E Egypt. Overlies Esna Shale; underlies Minia Formation. Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| Thecamoeba | |
|---|---|
| BT | Invertebrata |
| .Protista | |
| ..Thecamoeba | |
| RT | microfossils |
| SN | Indexed with microfossils if applicable. |
| Thecideidae | |
|---|---|
| BT | Invertebrata |
| .Brachiopoda | |
| ..Articulata | |
| ...Thecideidina | |
| ....Thecideidae | |
| Thecideidina | |
|---|---|
| BT | Invertebrata |
| .Brachiopoda | |
| ..Articulata | |
| ...Thecideidina | |
| NT | Thecideidae |
| Thecodontia | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chordata |
| .Vertebrata | |
| ..Tetrapoda | |
| ...Reptilia | |
| ....Diapsida | |
| .....Archosauria | |
| ......Thecodontia | |
| SN | Order. |
| Theiss River | |
|---|---|
| USE | Tisza River |
| Thellier Method | |
|---|---|
| RT | magnetic field |
| methods | |
| paleomagnetism | |
| remanent magnetization | |
| thermoremanent magnetization | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| thematic mapper | |
|---|---|
| RT | airborne methods |
| digital cartography | |
| geophysical surveys | |
| instruments | |
| Landsat | |
| mosaics | |
| multispectral analysis | |
| multispectral scanner | |
| remote sensing | |
| satellite methods | |
| geophysical methods | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1985. |
| thenardite | |
|---|---|
| BT | sulfates |
| .thenardite | |
| theoretical models | |
|---|---|
| UF | conceptual models |
| RT | models |
| SN | Used for discussion of a model which is not a mathematical model or a physical model, but which exists in the form of a drawing, diagram, chart or description. Added to Thesaurus in 1985. |
| theoretical seismograms | |
|---|---|
| BT | seismograms |
| .theoretical seismograms | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1981. |
| theoretical studies | |
|---|---|
| UF | studies, theoretical |
| RT | experimental studies |
| laboratory studies | |
| theory | |
|---|---|
| SN | A valid term through mid-1978. Use theoretical studies. |
| Thera | |
|---|---|
| BT | Mediterranean region |
| .Aegean Islands | |
| ..Greek Aegean Islands | |
| ...Cyclades | |
| ....Thera | |
| UF | Santorini |
| Thira | |
| RT | Santorin |
| SN | Volcanic island. The southernmost of the Cyclades in the Aegean Sea. Also search Santorin. This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| Therapsida | |
|---|---|
| BT | Synapsida |
| .Therapsida | |
| NT | Cynodontia |
| Dicynodontia | |
| SN | Order. |
| Theria | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chordata |
| .Vertebrata | |
| ..Tetrapoda | |
| ...Mammalia | |
| ....Theria | |
| NT | Eutheria |
| Metatheria | |
| Pantotheria | |
| Symmetrodonta | |
| SN | Subclass. |
| thermal | |
|---|---|
| SN | A valid term through 1977. |
| thermal alteration | |
|---|---|
| RT | alteration |
| color alteration index | |
| hydrothermal alteration | |
| magmatism | |
| thermal effects | |
| SN | Before 1978, also search thermal AND alteration. |
| thermal alteration index | |
|---|---|
| USE | color alteration index |
| thermal anal |
|---|
| thermal analysis | |
|---|---|
| RT | analysis |
| chemical analysis | |
| clay mineralogy | |
| differential thermal analysis | |
| DTA data | |
| electron microscopy | |
| endothermic reactions | |
| interlaboratory comparison | |
| sample preparation | |
| spectroscopy | |
| standard materials | |
| TGA data | |
| thermal analysis data | |
| thermogravimetric anal | |
| SN | Used for methodology and not for data. For data, use thermal analysis data. Indexed with also the specific type of analysis if possible [e.g. differential thermal analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, thermomagnetic analysis]. |
| thermal analysis data | |
|---|---|
| UF | thermal data |
| RT | Brillouin spectra |
| thermal analysis | |
| SN | Used for data and not for methodology. Added to Thesaurus in 1985. |
| thermal anomalies | |
|---|---|
| UF | temperature anomaly |
| RT | anomalies |
| geothermal fields | |
| heat flow | |
| hot springs | |
| hot spots | |
| SN | Used as a general term. Use more specific terms (e.g. hot spots) if applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| thermal aureole | |
|---|---|
| USE | aureoles |
| thermal circulation | |
|---|---|
| RT | circulation |
| ocean circulation | |
| SN | Before 1978, also search oceans AND circulation AND thermal. |
| thermal conductivity | |
|---|---|
| RT | conductivity |
| electrical conductivity | |
| geothermal gradient | |
| heat flow | |
| measurement | |
| specific heat | |
| thermal diffusivity | |
| thermal inertia | |
| SN | Before 1976, also search conductivity. |
| thermal data | |
|---|---|
| USE | thermal analysis data |
| thermal demagnetization | |
|---|---|
| BT | demagnetization |
| .thermal demagnetization | |
| RT | geophysics |
| magnetization | |
| paleomagnetism | |
| remanent magnetization | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1981. |
| thermal diffusivity | |
|---|---|
| UF | diffusivity, thermal |
| RT | heat flow |
| thermal conductivity | |
| diffusivity | |
| thermal discharge | |
|---|---|
| USE | thermal pollution |
| thermal effects | |
|---|---|
| RT | effects |
| thermal alteration | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1981. |
| thermal emission | |
|---|---|
| UF | emission, thermal |
| RT | remote sensing |
| infrared methods | |
| emissivity | |
| thermal emissivity | |
|---|---|
| USE | emissivity |
| thermal energy storage | |
|---|---|
| USE | heat storage |
| thermal evolution | |
|---|---|
| SN | As of 1993, use thermal maturity for petroleum or thermal alteration or thermal history. |
| thermal expansion | |
|---|---|
| UF | expansion, thermal |
| RT | properties |
| stress | |
| strain | |
| expansive materials | |
| thermodynamic properties | |
| expansion | |
| thermal properties | |
| thermomechanical properties | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1995. |
| thermal gradient | |
|---|---|
| SN | Not a valid term for GeoRef. See geothermal gradient if applicable. |
| thermal history | |
|---|---|
| RT | geosynclines |
| P-T-t paths | |
| paleotemperature | |
| temperature | |
| thermal maturity | |
| thermal regime | |
| thermochronology | |
| SN | Before 1993, also search thermal evolution. |
| thermal inertia | |
|---|---|
| RT | heat flow |
| specific heat | |
| thermal conductivity | |
| thermal properties | |
| thermodynamic properties | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1985. |
| Thermal Infrared Multispectral Scanner | |
|---|---|
| RT | infrared methods |
| multispectral scanner | |
| remote sensing | |
| thermal ionization mass spectroscopy | |
| SN | Before 1988, also search TIMS and remote sensing. For multispectral scanner data use Thermal Infrared Multispectral Scanner data. Indexed with infrared methods if applicable. |
| thermal ionization mass spectroscopy | |
|---|---|
| BT | spectroscopy |
| .mass spectroscopy | |
| ..thermal ionization mass spectroscopy | |
| RT | absolute age |
| heat flow | |
| Thermal Infrared Multispectral Scanner | |
| uranium disequilibrium | |
| SN | Before 1998, also search TIMS and (spectroscopy or absolute age). For the method. For data, use thermal ionization mass spectra. Added to Thesaurus in 1998. |
| thermal maturation | |
|---|---|
| USE | thermal maturity |
| thermal maturity | |
|---|---|
| UF | thermal maturation |
| RT | maturity |
| biomarkers | |
| petroleum | |
| color alteration index | |
| thermal history | |
| SN | Before 1993, also search thermal evolution and petroleum. Added to Thesaurus in 1985. |
| thermal metamorphism | |
|---|---|
| BT | metamorphism |
| .thermal metamorphism | |
| UF | thermometamorphism |
| SN | Not a valid index term through 1977. Before 1978, also search metamorphism AND thermal. |
| thermal methods | |
|---|---|
| SN | Not a valid GeoRef index term after 1971. Used in subfiles G and N. See heat flow or thermal analysis. |
| thermal pollution | |
|---|---|
| UF | thermal discharge |
| RT | pollution |
| waste disposal | |
| SN | Before 1978, also search pollution AND thermal. |
| thermal recovery | |
|---|---|
| UF | heat treatment |
| RT | tertiary recovery |
| enhanced recovery | |
| recovery | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1985. |
| thermal regime | |
|---|---|
| RT | geothermal systems |
| heat flow | |
| hydrogeology | |
| thermal history | |
| engineering geology | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1981. |
| thermal remanent magnetization | |
|---|---|
| USE | thermoremanent magnetization |
| thermal springs | |
|---|---|
| USE | hot springs |
| thermal surveys | |
|---|---|
| USE | heat flow |
| thermochemical properties | |
|---|---|
| RT | calorimetry |
| chemical properties | |
| properties | |
| thermal properties | |
| geochemistry | |
| thermochemical remanent magnetization | |
|---|---|
| BT | magnetization |
| .remanent magnetization | |
| ..thermochemical remanent magnetization | |
| RT | paleomagnetism |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1981. |
| thermochronology | |
|---|---|
| RT | absolute age |
| annealing | |
| Ar/Ar | |
| cooling | |
| crystallization | |
| diffusion | |
| exposure age | |
| fission tracks | |
| fission-track dating | |
| geochronology | |
| geologic thermometry | |
| He/He | |
| meteorites | |
| P-T conditions | |
| P-T-t paths | |
| Rb/Sr | |
| relative age | |
| Sm/Nd | |
| stratigraphy | |
| thermal history | |
| tectonics | |
| SN | Determination of temperature-time-depth histories in metamorphic rocks. Techniques may include a combination of several of the isotopic techniques of absolute age to measure differential diffusion rates in minerals, or fission-track techniques. Before 199 |
| thermocline | |
|---|---|
| RT | geothermal gradient |
| lakes | |
| ocean circulation | |
| temperature | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| thermoelastic properties | |
|---|---|
| RT | elastic properties |
| mechanical properties | |
| physical properties | |
| properties | |
| thermal properties | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| thermography | |
|---|---|
| USE | differential thermal analysis |
| thermogravimetric anal |
|---|
| thermogravimetric analysis | |
|---|---|
| UF | thermogravimetry |
| RT | chemical analysis |
| analysis | |
| differential thermal analysis | |
| thermal analysis | |
| TGA data | |
| thermogravimetry | |
|---|---|
| USE | thermogravimetric analysis |
| thermohaline circula |
|---|
| thermohaline circulation | |
|---|---|
| RT | circulation |
| ocean circulation | |
| SN | Before 1978, also search oceans AND circulation AND thermohaline. |
| thermokarst | |
|---|---|
| UF | cryokarst |
| RT | glacial geology |
| permafrost | |
| geomorphology | |
| karst | |
| frost action | |
| periglacial features | |
| ground ice | |
| suffosion | |
| pseudokarst | |
| thermoluminescence | |
|---|---|
| RT | fluorescence |
| geochronology | |
| irradiation | |
| luminescence | |
| relative age | |
| thermomagnetic analysis | |
|---|---|
| RT | analysis |
| thermal analysis | |
| thermomechanical properties | |
|---|---|
| UF | thermophysical properties |
| RT | physical properties |
| mechanical properties | |
| thermodynamic properties | |
| thermal expansion | |
| thermal properties | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1985. |
| thermometamorphism | |
|---|---|
| USE | thermal metamorphism |
| thermometry | |
|---|---|
| SN | A valid term through mid-1978. Use geologic thermometry. |
| thermonatrite | |
|---|---|
| BT | carbonates |
| .thermonatrite | |
| thermophilic taxa | |
|---|---|
| RT | bacteria |
| faunal studies | |
| floral studies | |
| hydrothermal conditions | |
| hydrothermal vents | |
| living taxa | |
| ocean floors | |
| SN | Indexed with specific type. Added to Thesaurus in 1998. |
| thermophysical properties | |
|---|---|
| USE | thermomechanical properties |
| thermoremanence | |
|---|---|
| USE | thermoremanent magnetization |
| Theropoda | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chordata |
| .Vertebrata | |
| ..Tetrapoda | |
| ...Reptilia | |
| ....Diapsida | |
| .....Archosauria | |
| ......Saurischia | |
| .......Theropoda | |
| NT | Carnosauria |
| RT | Smilodon |
| SN | Suborder. This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| theses | |
|---|---|
| UF | dissertations |
| RT | education |
| publications | |
| monographs | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1982. |
| Thessaloniki Greece | |
|---|---|
| USE | Salonika Greece |
| Thessaly Greece | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Southern Europe | |
| ..Greece | |
| ...Thessaly Greece | |
| RT | Pindus Mountains |
| Olympus | |
| Othrys | |
| SN | Administrative region in E central Greece. |
| Thetford Mines | |
|---|---|
| BT | Canada |
| .Eastern Canada | |
| ..Quebec | |
| ...Thetford Mines | |
| RT | mines |
| asbestos deposits | |
| SN | City and site of asbestos mines about 50 miles S of Quebec City in S Quebec. Also search Thetford AND Quebec. |
| Thetis Regio | |
|---|---|
| BT | Venus |
| .Aphrodite Terra | |
| ..Thetis Regio | |
| SN | Highland massif, W Aphrodite Terra. |
| thick-skinned tectonics | |
|---|---|
| BT | tectonics |
| .thick-skinned tectonics | |
| RT | basement tectonics |
| thrust faults | |
| neotectonics | |
| crustal thickening | |
| thin-skinned tectonics | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1998. |
| thickness | |
|---|---|
| RT | crust |
| crustal thickening | |
| crustal thinning | |
| ice sheets | |
| isochores | |
| thin sections | |
|---|---|
| RT | cross sections |
| electron microscopy | |
| microfacies | |
| microscope methods | |
| petrography | |
| polished sections | |
| samples | |
| thin-skin tectonics | |
|---|---|
| USE | thin-skinned tectonics |
| thin-skinned tectonics | |
|---|---|
| BT | tectonics |
| .thin-skinned tectonics | |
| UF | thin-skin tectonics |
| RT | crust |
| tectonophysics | |
| thick-skinned tectonics | |
| crustal thinning | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| Thiobacillus ferrooxidans | |
|---|---|
| BT | bacteria |
| .Thiobacillus ferrooxidans | |
| RT | microfossils |
| biodegradation | |
| oxidation | |
| SN | Species. For paleontologic studies, index microfossils. |
| Thira | |
|---|---|
| USE | Thera |
| Third World | |
|---|---|
| USE | developing countries |
| thixotropy | |
|---|---|
| RT | clay |
| colloidal materials | |
| gels | |
| mechanical properties | |
| properties | |
| soil mechanics | |
| strength | |
| engineering geology | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1982. |
| tholeiite | |
|---|---|
| BT | igneous rocks |
| .volcanic rocks | |
| ..basalts | |
| ...tholeiite | |
| RT | ocean-island basalts |
| tholeiitic composition | |
| olivine tholeiite | |
| tholeiitic basalt | |
|---|---|
| BT | igneous rocks |
| .volcanic rocks | |
| ..basalts | |
| ...tholeiitic basalt | |
| tholeiitic composition | |
|---|---|
| RT | basalts |
| composition | |
| igneous rocks | |
| tholeiite | |
| SN | Before 1978, search tholeiitic. |
| tholeiitic dolerite | |
|---|---|
| BT | igneous rocks |
| .plutonic rocks | |
| ..diabase | |
| ...tholeiitic dolerite | |
| Thomar Portugal | |
|---|---|
| USE | Tomar Portugal |
| Thomas County Georgia | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Georgia | |
| ..Thomas County Georgia | |
| Thomas County Kansas | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Kansas | |
| ..Thomas County Kansas | |
| Thomas County Nebraska | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Nebraska | |
| ..Thomas County Nebraska | |
| Thomas Range | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Utah | |
| ..Thomas Range | |
| RT | Tooele County Utah |
| Juab County Utah | |
| Spor Mountain | |
| SN | W Utah. Indexed with counties as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1981. |
| Thompson nickel belt | |
|---|---|
| BT | Canada |
| .Western Canada | |
| ..Manitoba | |
| ...Thompson nickel belt | |
| RT | metallogenic provinces |
| SN | Metallogenic province, N Manitoba. Added to Thesaurus in 1985. |
| thomsenolite | |
|---|---|
| BT | halides |
| .fluorides | |
| ..thomsenolite | |
| Thomson Formation | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Precambrian | |
| ..Proterozoic | |
| ...Paleoproterozoic | |
| ....Thomson Formation | |
| UF | Thomson Slate |
| RT | Wisconsin |
| Minnesota | |
| Animikie Group | |
| Virginia Formation | |
| SN | NE Minnesota and NW Wisconsin. Includes the slate which has been referred to in literature as Thomson, Saint Louis, Cloquet, and Carlton slates. And which has usually been considered an equivalent of the Animikie-Virginia Slate of the Mesabi Range. In NE |
| Thomson Slate | |
|---|---|
| USE | Thomson Formation |
| Thomson-Haskell analysis | |
|---|---|
| RT | analysis |
| seismology | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1981. |
| thomsonite | |
|---|---|
| BT | silicates |
| .framework silicates | |
| ..zeolite group | |
| ...thomsonite | |
| thorianite | |
|---|---|
| BT | oxides |
| .thorianite | |
| thorite | |
|---|---|
| BT | silicates |
| .orthosilicates | |
| ..nesosilicates | |
| ...thorite | |
| thorium | |
|---|---|
| BT | metals |
| .actinides | |
| ..thorium | |
| NT | Th-228 |
| Th-230 | |
| Th-230/Ra-226 | |
| Th-232 | |
| Th-232/Th-230 | |
| Th-234 | |
| U-234/Th-230 | |
| U-238/Th-230 | |
| U-238/Th-232 | |
| UF | Th |
| RT | Io/Th |
| Io/U | |
| isotopes | |
| Pb/Th | |
| HIMU | |
| Th/U | |
| U/Th/Pb | |
| thorium ores | |
| Th/Th | |
| SN | Chemical element. Use thorium ores for thorium as a commodity. |
| thorium ores | |
|---|---|
| BT | metal ores |
| .thorium ores | |
| RT | monazite deposits |
| thorium | |
| thorium-lead | |
|---|---|
| USE | Pb/Th |
| thorium-uranium | |
|---|---|
| USE | Th/U |
| Thorn Poland | |
|---|---|
| USE | Torun Poland |
| thoron | |
|---|---|
| USE | Rn-222 |
| thortveitite | |
|---|---|
| BT | silicates |
| .orthosilicates | |
| ..sorosilicates | |
| ...thortveitite | |
| Thrace | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Thrace | |
| NT | Greek Thrace |
| RT | Turkey |
| Greece | |
| SN | Administrative region in extreme NE Greece (Western Thrace), and all of Turkey in Europe (Eastern Thrace). Indexed with countries as applicable. |
| Three Forks Montana | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Montana | |
| ..Gallatin County Montana | |
| ...Three Forks Montana | |
| SN | Town in SW Montana. |
| Three Gorges, Yangtze | |
|---|---|
| USE | Yangtze Three Gorges |
| Three Rivers | |
|---|---|
| SN | Not a valid term for GeoRef. See Sanjiang for region in China. |
| three-component seismographs | |
|---|---|
| BT | seismographs |
| .three-component seismographs | |
| RT | PANDA |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1981. |
| three-dimensional methods | |
|---|---|
| RT | boreholes |
| geophysical surveys | |
| prestack migration | |
| seismic methods | |
| techniques | |
| geophysical methods | |
| SN | Also search three-dimensional with methods or techniques. Search with area for surveys. For surveys, also index geophysical surveys and the area. Added to Thesaurus in 1993. |
| three-dimensional models | |
|---|---|
| RT | asperities |
| computer animation | |
| four-dimensional models | |
| mathematical models | |
| models | |
| MODFLOW | |
| MODPATH | |
| one-dimensional models | |
| seismology | |
| two-dimensional models | |
| visualization | |
| SN | Before 1978, search three-dimensional AND models. |
| Throckmorton County Texas | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Texas | |
| ..Throckmorton County Texas | |
| thrombolites | |
|---|---|
| BT | sedimentary structures |
| .biogenic structures | |
| ..thrombolites | |
| RT | algal structures |
| stromatolites | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1993. |
| thrust | |
|---|---|
| SN | A valid term through 1977. After 1977, see thrust faults. After 1988, also see thrust sheets. |
| thrust faults | |
|---|---|
| BT | faults |
| .thrust faults | |
| UF | reverse slip faults |
| thrust slip faults | |
| thrusts and thrusting | |
| RT | overthrust faults |
| fold and thrust belts | |
| thick-skinned tectonics | |
| duplexes | |
| ramps | |
| compression tectonics | |
| crustal shortening | |
| triangle zones | |
| reverse faults | |
| imbricate tectonics | |
| thrust sheets | |
| foreland basins | |
| step faults | |
| SN | Before 1978, also search faults AND thrust. See overthrust faults; compression tectonics. |
| thrust plates | |
|---|---|
| USE | thrust sheets |
| thrust sheets | |
|---|---|
| UF | thrust plates |
| RT | tectonics |
| faults | |
| fold and thrust belts | |
| thrust faults | |
| neotectonics | |
| piggyback basins | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| thrust slip faults | |
|---|---|
| USE | thrust faults |
| thrusts and thrusting | |
|---|---|
| USE | thrust faults |
| Thule Greenland | |
|---|---|
| BT | Arctic region |
| .Greenland | |
| ..Thule Greenland | |
| SN | Settlement on coast of Hayes Peninsula N of Cape York in NW Greenland. U.S. Air Force base nearby. |
| thulium | |
|---|---|
| BT | metals |
| .rare earths | |
| ..thulium | |
| UF | Tm |
| Thunder Bay | |
|---|---|
| BT | Canada |
| .Eastern Canada | |
| ..Ontario | |
| ...Thunder Bay | |
| RT | Lake Superior |
| Thunder Bay District Ontario | |
| SN | Refers only to the inlet of NW Lake Superior. For the city on the bay, see Thunder Bay Ontario. |
| Thunder Bay District Ontario | |
|---|---|
| BT | Canada |
| .Eastern Canada | |
| ..Ontario | |
| ...Thunder Bay District Ontario | |
| NT | Manitouwadge Ontario |
| Marshall Lake | |
| Northern Light Lake | |
| Thunder Bay Ontario | |
| UF | District of Thunder Bay |
| RT | Michipicoten Island |
| Thunder Bay | |
| SN | N Ontario. |
| Thunder Bay Ontario | |
|---|---|
| BT | Canada |
| .Eastern Canada | |
| ..Ontario | |
| ...Thunder Bay District Ontario | |
| ....Thunder Bay Ontario | |
| SN | Refers only to the city on the bay. For the inlet of NW Lake Superior, see Thunder Bay. |
| thunder eggs | |
|---|---|
| USE | geodes |
| thunderstorms | |
|---|---|
| SN | As of 1993, no longer a valid term for GeoRef. Usually out-of-scope. Used with meteorology. After 1993, see storms. |
| Thur Valley | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Central Europe | |
| ..Switzerland | |
| ...Thur Valley | |
| SN | River valley SSW of Lake Constance extending to the Rhine River. Also search Thur River. |
| Thuringer Wald | |
|---|---|
| USE | Thuringian Forest |
| Thuringia Basin | |
|---|---|
| USE | Thuringian Basin |
| Thuringia Germany | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Central Europe | |
| ..Germany | |
| ...Thuringia Germany | |
| NT | Erfurt Germany |
| Gera Germany | |
| Ruhla Germany | |
| Schlotheim Germany | |
| Schneeberg Germany | |
| Schwarzburg Anticlinorium | |
| Steinach Germany | |
| Taubach Germany | |
| Weimar Germany | |
| RT | Rhon Mountains |
| Saale River | |
| Weisse Elster Basin | |
| Thuringian Forest | |
| Geisel Valley | |
| Werra River | |
| Kyffhauser Range | |
| Saxony-Thuringia | |
| Vogtland | |
| Unstrut River | |
| Thuringian Basin | |
| Thuringian Hills | |
| Thuringian Massif | |
| SN | State in central Germany. Includes the Thuringian Forest. Before 1993, also search Erfurt Bezirk or Gera Bezirk if applicable. |
| Thuringian | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Paleozoic | |
| ...Permian | |
| ....Thuringian | |
| RT | Saxothuringian |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1981. |
| Thuringian Basin | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Central Europe | |
| ..Germany | |
| ...Thuringian Basin | |
| UF | Thuringia Basin |
| RT | Thuringia Germany |
| SN | Thuringian Forest region in Thuringia. Indexed with states as applicable. |
| Thuringian Forest | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Central Europe | |
| ..Germany | |
| ...Thuringian Forest | |
| UF | Thuringer Wald |
| RT | Thuringia Germany |
| Franconian Forest | |
| Ruhla Germany | |
| Steinach Germany | |
| SN | Forested mountain range extending NW-SE in Thuringia. |
| Thuringian Hills | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Central Europe | |
| ..Germany | |
| ...Thuringian Hills | |
| RT | Thuringia Germany |
| SN | Region in Germany. Indexed with states as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1981. |
| Thuringian Massif | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Central Europe | |
| ..Germany | |
| ...Thuringian Massif | |
| RT | Thuringia Germany |
| SN | Region in Germany. Indexed with states as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1981. |
| Thurston County Nebraska | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Nebraska | |
| ..Thurston County Nebraska | |
| SN | NE Nebraska. |
| Thurston County Washington | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Washington | |
| ..Thurston County Washington | |
| NT | Tono Washington |
| SN | W Washington. |
| Thysanoptera | |
|---|---|
| BT | Invertebrata |
| .Arthropoda | |
| ..Mandibulata | |
| ...Insecta | |
| ....Pterygota | |
| .....Neoptera | |
| ......Exopterygota | |
| .......Thysanoptera | |
| UF | Thysanopteroida |
| SN | Order. |
| Thysanopteroida | |
|---|---|
| USE | Thysanoptera |
| Ti | |
|---|---|
| USE | titanium |
| Tian Shan | |
|---|---|
| USE | Tien Shan |
| Tian-Shan | |
|---|---|
| USE | Tien Shan |
| Tianjin China | |
|---|---|
| BT | bei China |
| .Tianjin China | |
| SN | Municipality located within Hebei, N China. |
| Tiber Valley | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Southern Europe | |
| ..Italy | |
| ...Tiber Valley | |
| RT | Latium Italy |
| Tuscany Italy | |
| Umbria Italy | |
| SN | River valley. Also search Tiber. Indexed with autonomous regions as applicable. |
| Tiberias-Dead Sea Rift valley | |
|---|---|
| USE | Jordan Valley |
| Tibesti Libya | |
|---|---|
| BT | Africa |
| .North Africa | |
| ..Libya | |
| ...Tibesti Libya | |
| SN | Habitation in S central Libya. |
| Tibesti Massif | |
|---|---|
| BT | Africa |
| .Tibesti Massif | |
| UF | Tibesti Mountains |
| RT | Niger |
| Chad | |
| Libya | |
| SN | Highest mountain group of the Sahara in NE Niger, NW Chad and SE Libya. Indexed with countries as applicable. |
| Tibesti Mountains | |
|---|---|
| USE | Tibesti Massif |
| Tibet | |
|---|---|
| SN | No longer a valid term for GeoRef. See Xizang China. |
| Tibet China | |
|---|---|
| USE | Xizang China |
| Tibetan Plateau | |
|---|---|
| USE | Qinghai-Xizang Plateau |
| Ticino River | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Ticino River | |
| RT | Italy |
| Piemonte Italy | |
| Lombardy Italy | |
| Lago Maggiore | |
| Ticino Switzerland | |
| SN | Flows from S Switzerland to the Po River in NW Italy. Indexed with country as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1995. |
| Ticino Switzerland | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Central Europe | |
| ..Switzerland | |
| ...Ticino Switzerland | |
| NT | San Giorgio Mountain |
| UF | Tessin Switzerland |
| RT | Lepontine Alps |
| Lago Maggiore | |
| Ticino River | |
| SN | Canton in Lepontine Alps in S Switzerland. |
| Ticonderoga New York | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .New York | |
| ..Essex County New York | |
| ...Ticonderoga New York | |
| SN | Village on N outlet of Lake George in NE New York. |
| tidal channels | |
|---|---|
| BT | shore features |
| .tidal channels | |
| RT | geomorphology |
| tidal flats | |
| channels | |
| tidal inlets | |
| tidal currents | |
|---|---|
| RT | longshore currents |
| marine transport | |
| nearshore environment | |
| ocean currents | |
| oceanography | |
| tides | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1993. |
| tidal energy | |
|---|---|
| RT | energy |
| energy sources | |
| new energy sources | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1981. |
| tidal environment | |
|---|---|
| SN | As of 1981, no longer a valid term for GeoRef. Use intertidal environment, intertidal sedimentation, estuarine environment, estuarine sedimentation, tidal channels, tidal energy, tidal flats, tidal inlets, or tides as applicable. |
| tidal flats | |
|---|---|
| RT | brackish-water environment |
| coastal environment | |
| intertidal environment | |
| marine environment | |
| mud flats | |
| shore features | |
| supratidal environment | |
| tidal channels | |
| geomorphology | |
| sedimentation | |
| tidal marshes | |
| tides | |
| SN | Also index shore features or intertidal environment as applicable. |
| tidal glaciers | |
|---|---|
| USE | tidewater glaciers |
| tidal inlets | |
|---|---|
| BT | shore features |
| .tidal inlets | |
| UF | tidal outlets |
| RT | geomorphology |
| shorelines | |
| inlets | |
| tidal channels | |
| tidal marshes | |
|---|---|
| BT | mires |
| .marshes | |
| ..tidal marshes | |
| RT | sedimentation |
| ecology | |
| paleoecology | |
| geomorphology | |
| shore features | |
| lacustrine features | |
| wetlands | |
| salinity | |
| salt marshes | |
| tidal flats | |
| paludal environment | |
| SN | Indexed with lacustrine features or shore features as applicable. |
| tidal outlets | |
|---|---|
| USE | tidal inlets |
| tidal surges | |
|---|---|
| RT | surges |
| tides | |
| SN | Before 1993, also search surges AND tides. Added to Thesaurus in 1993. |
| tidal wave | |
|---|---|
| USE | tsunamis |
| tides | |
|---|---|
| RT | Earth tides |
| littoral erosion | |
| low water | |
| ocean circulation | |
| shorelines | |
| surges | |
| tidal currents | |
| tidal flats | |
| tidal surges | |
| tidewater glaciers | |
|---|---|
| BT | glaciers |
| .tidewater glaciers | |
| UF | tidal glaciers |
| RT | glacial geology |
| hydrology | |
| fjords | |
| icebergs | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1993. |
| Tieh-Chen Shan | |
|---|---|
| USE | Tiehchenshan |
| Tiehchenshan | |
|---|---|
| BT | Asia |
| .Far East | |
| ..Taiwan | |
| ...Tiehchenshan | |
| UF | Tieh-Chen Shan |
| SN | Hill region in NW Taiwan. |
| Tien Shan | |
|---|---|
| BT | Asia |
| .Tien Shan | |
| NT | Alai Range |
| Chatkal Range | |
| Chu-Ili Mountains | |
| Dzhungarian Alatau | |
| Karatau Range | |
| Talas Range | |
| Zeravshan Range | |
| Zeravshan-Hissar | |
| UF | Tian Shan |
| Tian-Shan | |
| Tien Shan Range | |
| Tien-Shan | |
| Tien-Shan Range | |
| RT | Kyrgyzstan |
| Xinjiang China | |
| Central Asia | |
| Kurama Range | |
| Tarbagatay Range | |
| SN | Mountain region in Kyrgyzstan and Xinjiang, NW China. From 1981-1992, restricted to portion in Kyrgyzstan. Indexed with Kyrgyzstan and/or Xinjiang China as applicable. |
| Tien Shan Range | |
|---|---|
| USE | Tien Shan |
| Tien-Shan | |
|---|---|
| USE | Tien Shan |
| Tien-Shan Range | |
|---|---|
| USE | Tien Shan |
| Tientsin | |
|---|---|
| SN | Not a valid term for GeoRef. See Tianjin China. |
| Tierra Amarilla New Mexico | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .New Mexico | |
| ..Rio Arriba County New Mexico | |
| ...Tierra Amarilla New Mexico | |
| SN | Village in N New Mexico. |
| Tierra del Fuego | |
|---|---|
| BT | South America |
| .Tierra del Fuego | |
| NT | Tierra del Fuego Island |
| RT | East Pacific Ocean Islands |
| Argentina | |
| Chile | |
| Atlantic Ocean Islands | |
| Magallanes Chile | |
| SN | Archipelago comprising all islands S of Strait of Magellan to Drake Passage. As of 1995, use Tierra del Fuego Island for the island. Indexed with countries as applicable. |
| Tierra del Fuego Island | |
|---|---|
| BT | South America |
| .Tierra del Fuego | |
| ..Tierra del Fuego Island | |
| RT | Argentina |
| Magallanes Chile | |
| SN | Also search Tierra del Fuego. Indexed with countries as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1995. |
| Tieschitz Meteorite | |
|---|---|
| BT | meteorites |
| .stony meteorites | |
| ..chondrites | |
| ...Tieschitz Meteorite | |
| RT | Czech Republic |
| Moravia | |
| SN | Impact at Prerov, Moravia, Czech Republic. Olivine-bronzite chondrite. Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| Tiffanian | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Cenozoic | |
| ...Paleogene | |
| ....Paleocene | |
| .....upper Paleocene | |
| ......Tiffanian | |
| SN | North America. Upper Paleocene, above Torrejonian and below Clarkforkian. Added to Thesaurus in 1985. |
| Tiflis Georgian Republic | |
|---|---|
| USE | Tbilisi Georgian Republic |
| Tift County Georgia | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Georgia | |
| ..Tift County Georgia | |
| tight sands | |
|---|---|
| RT | energy sources |
| gas sands | |
| natural gas | |
| oil and gas fields | |
| oil sands | |
| organic compounds | |
| permeability | |
| petroleum | |
| reservoir properties | |
| reservoir rocks | |
| rocks | |
| source rocks | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| Tigr |
|---|
| Tigre Ethiopia | |
|---|---|
| BT | Africa |
| .East Africa | |
| ..Ethiopia | |
| ...Tigre Ethiopia | |
| SN | Province in N Ethiopia. |
| Tigris River | |
|---|---|
| BT | Asia |
| .Middle East | |
| ..Tigris River | |
| RT | Turkey |
| Iraq | |
| SN | Source in E Turkey. Joins Euphrates River at Basra, Iraq. Indexed with countries as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1985. |
| Tijeras Canyon | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .New Mexico | |
| ..Bernalillo County New Mexico | |
| ...Tijeras Canyon | |
| RT | Basin and Range Province |
| SN | Central New Mexico. Added to Thesaurus in 1985. |
| Tilia | |
|---|---|
| BT | Plantae |
| .Spermatophyta | |
| ..Angiospermae | |
| ...Dicotyledoneae | |
| ....Tilia | |
| SN | Genus. |
| till | |
|---|---|
| BT | sediments |
| .clastic sediments | |
| ..till | |
| NT | lodgement till |
| RT | glacial geology |
| terrigenous materials | |
| boulder clay | |
| boulder trains | |
| glacial features | |
| drift | |
| diamicton | |
| glacial transport | |
| moraines | |
| drumlins | |
| tillite | |
| tilloid | |
| SN | Before 1971, also search glacial deposits. |
| tillage | |
|---|---|
| RT | soil management |
| soils | |
| yields | |
| Tillamook County Oregon | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Oregon | |
| ..Tillamook County Oregon | |
| SN | NW Oregon. Also search Tillamook AND Oregon. |
| tillite | |
|---|---|
| BT | sedimentary rocks |
| .clastic rocks | |
| ..tillite | |
| RT | terrigenous materials |
| till | |
| glacial features | |
| Tillman County Oklahoma | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Oklahoma | |
| ..Tillman County Oklahoma | |
| Tillodontia | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chordata |
| .Vertebrata | |
| ..Tetrapoda | |
| ...Mammalia | |
| ....Theria | |
| .....Eutheria | |
| ......Tillodontia | |
| SN | Order. |
| tilloid | |
|---|---|
| BT | sedimentary rocks |
| .clastic rocks | |
| ..tilloid | |
| RT | terrigenous materials |
| till | |
| tilt | |
|---|---|
| UF | tilting |
| RT | seismology |
| geodesy | |
| volcanology | |
| volcanic earthquakes | |
| obliquity of the ecliptic | |
| tiltmeters | |
| SN | As of 1981, for the tilt of a planet on its axis, use obliquity of the ecliptic. |
| tilting | |
|---|---|
| USE | tilt |
| tiltmeters | |
|---|---|
| RT | earthquakes |
| instruments | |
| tilt | |
| seismology | |
| volcanology | |
| Timagami Mine | |
|---|---|
| USE | Temagami Mine |
| Timan Ridge | |
|---|---|
| BT | Commonwealth of Independent States |
| .Timan Ridge | |
| BT | Commonwealth of Independent States |
| .Russian Federation | |
| ..Timan Ridge | |
| BT | Russian Platform |
| .Timan Ridge | |
| BT | Europe |
| .Timan Ridge | |
| SN | An eroded range of ancient sedimentary rocks in N European Russian Federation dividing the eastern Pechora Basin from the plains to the W. Also search Timan. This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| Timan-Pechora region | |
|---|---|
| BT | Commonwealth of Independent States |
| .Russian Federation | |
| ..Timan-Pechora region | |
| BT | Europe |
| .Timan-Pechora region | |
| RT | Nenets Russian Federation |
| Komi Russian Federation | |
| Pechora Basin | |
| SN | Includes the Timan Ridge area; and the Pechora Basin in Komi Autonomous Republic and Nenets National Okrug. In N and NE European Russian Federation. Before 1978, also search Timan-Pechora. This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| Timbered Hills Group | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Paleozoic | |
| ...Cambrian | |
| ....Upper Cambrian | |
| .....Timbered Hills Group | |
| RT | Oklahoma |
| Reagan Sandstone | |
| SN | S Oklahoma. Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| time domain analysis | |
|---|---|
| RT | analysis |
| frequency domain analysis | |
| Hilbert transformations | |
| stacking | |
| geophysical methods | |
| time domain reflectometry | |
| SN | Also search time domain. Added to Thesaurus in 1981. |
| time domain reflectometry | |
|---|---|
| BT | geophysical methods |
| .electrical methods | |
| ..time domain reflectometry | |
| RT | geophysical surveys |
| ground methods | |
| time domain analysis | |
| SN | Use TDR data for data and time domain reflectometers for the instrument. For surveys, also index geophysical surveys. Added to Thesaurus in 1995. |
| time factor | |
|---|---|
| RT | chronosequences |
| factors | |
| P-T-t paths | |
| pedogenesis | |
| residence time | |
| soils | |
| temporal distribution | |
| time scales | |
|---|---|
| UF | scales, time |
| RT | geochronology |
| scale factor | |
| time series analysis | |
|---|---|
| BT | statistical analysis |
| .time series analysis | |
| RT | analysis |
| mathematical geology | |
| extrapolation | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1983. |
| time variations | |
|---|---|
| RT | seismic methods |
| seismology | |
| variations | |
| SN | As of 1982, restricted to seismology or seismic methods. |
| Timiskaming County Quebec | |
|---|---|
| USE | Temiscamingue County Quebec |
| Timiskaming District Ontario | |
|---|---|
| BT | Canada |
| .Eastern Canada | |
| ..Ontario | |
| ...Timiskaming District Ontario | |
| NT | Cobalt Ontario |
| Kirkland Lake Ontario | |
| New Liskeard Ontario | |
| UF | District of Temiscamingue |
| District of Temiskaming | |
| District of Timiskaming | |
| Temiscamingue District Ontario | |
| Temiskaming District Ontario | |
| RT | Temiscamingue County Quebec |
| Lake Timiskaming | |
| Larder Lake District Ontario | |
| SN | E central Ontario, on Quebec border. Also search Timiskaming. |
| Timiskaming Group | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Precambrian | |
| ..Archean | |
| ...Timiskaming Group | |
| RT | Abitibi Belt |
| Superior Province | |
| Ontario | |
| Quebec | |
| SN | Abitibi Belt of Superior Province. Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| Timiskaming Lake | |
|---|---|
| USE | Lake Timiskaming |
| Timmins Ontario | |
|---|---|
| BT | Canada |
| .Eastern Canada | |
| ..Ontario | |
| ...Cochrane District Ontario | |
| ....Timmins Ontario | |
| RT | Kidd Creek Mine |
| SN | Mining town 135 miles N of Sudbury between Lake Huron and James Bay. |
| Timna | |
|---|---|
| BT | Asia |
| .Middle East | |
| ..Israel | |
| ...Timna | |
| RT | Negev |
| SN | Region in S Israel including ancient copper mining site. Also search Har Timna, Mount Timna, or Timna Valley as applicable. |
| Timok Basin | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Southern Europe | |
| ..Yugoslavia | |
| ...Serbia | |
| ....Timok Basin | |
| UF | Timok River basin |
| RT | coal fields |
| SN | River and coal basin near the Bulgarian and Romanian borders in E Serbia. Also search Timok; Timok River. |
| Timok River basin | |
|---|---|
| USE | Timok Basin |
| Timor | |
|---|---|
| BT | Malay Archipelago |
| .Timor | |
| BT | Asia |
| .Far East | |
| ..Lesser Sunda Islands | |
| ...Timor | |
| UF | Portuguese Timor |
| RT | Portugal |
| Indonesia | |
| Banda Arc | |
| Sunda Arc | |
| SN | Island in the Lesser Sundas separated from Australia by the Timor Sea. W half of island belongs to Indonesia. The E half was given up by Portugal in 1975 and subsequently occupied by Indonesia. This term has multiple hierarchies. Indexed with country as a |
| Timor Sea | |
|---|---|
| BT | Indian Ocean |
| .Timor Sea | |
| NT | Bonaparte Gulf basin |
| Sahul Shelf | |
| Timor Trough | |
| RT | Southwest Pacific |
| West Pacific | |
| Joseph Bonaparte Gulf | |
| Browse Basin | |
| SN | Between the island of Timor and NW Australia. From 1981-1994, West Pacific was also a broader term. |
| Timor Trench | |
|---|---|
| USE | Timor Trough |
| Timor Trough | |
|---|---|
| BT | Indian Ocean |
| .Timor Sea | |
| ..Timor Trough | |
| UF | Timor Trench |
| RT | Banda Arc |
| DSDP Site 262 | |
| SN | Undersea feature off the S coast of Timor. |
| TIMS | |
|---|---|
| SN | As of 1998, not a valid term for GeoRef. Used for various concepts. See thermal ionization mass spectroscopy or Thermal Infrared Multispectral Scanner if applicable. |
| tin | |
|---|---|
| BT | metals |
| .tin | |
| UF | Sn |
| RT | tin ores |
| niggliite | |
| SN | Chemical element. Use tin ores for tin as a commodity. |
| tin ores | |
|---|---|
| BT | metal ores |
| .tin ores | |
| RT | placers |
| Dachang Deposit | |
| cassiterite | |
| tin | |
| tin pyrites | |
|---|---|
| USE | stannite |
| Tinaquillo Venezuela | |
|---|---|
| BT | South America |
| .Venezuela | |
| ..Cojedes Venezuela | |
| ...Tinaquillo Venezuela | |
| SN | Town in N Cojedes, NW Venezuela. |
| Tindouf Algeria | |
|---|---|
| BT | Africa |
| .North Africa | |
| ..Algeria | |
| ...Tindouf Algeria | |
| SN | Village and oasis in extreme W Algeria. |
| Tindouf Basin | |
|---|---|
| BT | Africa |
| .North Africa | |
| ..Algeria | |
| ...Tindouf Basin | |
| UF | Sebkha de Tindouf |
| SN | Salt flats in extreme W Algeria. Before 1978, also Also search Tindouf Algeria. |
| tinguaite | |
|---|---|
| BT | igneous rocks |
| .volcanic rocks | |
| ..phonolites | |
| ...tinguaite | |
| Tintic District | |
|---|---|
| USE | Tintic mining district |
| Tintic mining district | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Utah | |
| ..Tintic mining district | |
| UF | Tintic District |
| RT | metal ores |
| Juab County Utah | |
| SN | Area around East Tintic Creek in Juab County in W central Utah. Also search Tintic AND Utah. Added to Thesaurus in 1993. |
| Tintic Quartzite | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Paleozoic | |
| ...Cambrian | |
| ....Tintic Quartzite | |
| RT | Utah |
| SN | Lower and Middle Cambrian. Underlies Ophir Formation and unconformably overlies crystalline complex. Central and N Utah. |
| Tintina Fault | |
|---|---|
| BT | North America |
| .Tintina Fault | |
| UF | Tintina fault zone |
| Tintina Trench | |
| RT | Alaska |
| Yukon Territory | |
| Yukon-Tanana Terrane | |
| SN | Indexed with Alaska and/or Yukon Territory as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| Tintina fault zone | |
|---|---|
| USE | Tintina Fault |
| Tintina Trench | |
|---|---|
| USE | Tintina Fault |
| Tintinnidae | |
|---|---|
| BT | Invertebrata |
| .Protista | |
| ..Tintinnidae | |
| NT | Calpionella |
| Calpionellidae | |
| Calpionellites | |
| Stomiosphaera | |
| RT | microfossils |
| SN | Family. Including Calpionellidae. Indexed with microfossils if applicable. |
| Tioga Bentonite | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Paleozoic | |
| ...Devonian | |
| ....Middle Devonian | |
| .....Tioga Bentonite | |
| RT | Virginia |
| Ohio | |
| Pennsylvania | |
| New York | |
| West Virginia | |
| Onondaga Limestone | |
| SN | Tioga Bentonite Bed is in Seneca Member of Onondaga Limestone. It is subsurface in Pennsylvania. |
| Tioga County New York | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .New York | |
| ..Tioga County New York | |
| SN | S New York. |
| Tioga County Pennsylvania | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Pennsylvania | |
| ..Tioga County Pennsylvania | |
| SN | N Pennsylvania. |
| Tippah County Mississippi | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Mississippi | |
| ..Tippah County Mississippi | |
| Tippecanoe County Indiana | |
|---|---|
| BT | Indiana |
| .Tippecanoe County Indiana | |
| SN | W central Indiana. |
| Tippecanoe Sequence | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Paleozoic | |
| ...Tippecanoe Sequence | |
| RT | Silurian |
| Middle Ordovician | |
| Upper Ordovician | |
| Lower Devonian | |
| United States | |
| Illinois Basin | |
| Midwest | |
| SN | Middle Ordovician through Lower Devonian. Illinois Basin, central United States. Indexed with age or ages as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1995. |
| Tipperary Ireland | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Western Europe | |
| ..Ireland | |
| ...Tipperary Ireland | |
| NT | Cashel Ireland |
| SN | County in S Ireland. |
| Tipton County Indiana | |
|---|---|
| BT | Indiana |
| .Tipton County Indiana | |
| Tipton County Tennessee | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Tennessee | |
| ..Tipton County Tennessee | |
| Tiraspol Moldova | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Moldova | |
| ..Tiraspol Moldova | |
| RT | Moldavia |
| SN | City on the Dniester River in SE Moldova. This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| tirodite | |
|---|---|
| BT | silicates |
| .chain silicates | |
| ..amphibole group | |
| ...clinoamphibole | |
| ....tirodite | |
| Tirol Austria | |
|---|---|
| USE | Tyrol Austria |
| Tiruchirapalli India | |
|---|---|
| BT | Asia |
| .Indian Peninsula | |
| ..India | |
| ...Tamil Nadu India | |
| ....Tiruchirapalli India | |
| UF | Trichinopoly India |
| SN | City 200 miles SSW of Madras in Tamil Nadu. |
| Tirupati India | |
|---|---|
| BT | Asia |
| .Indian Peninsula | |
| ..India | |
| ...Andhra Pradesh India | |
| ....Tirupati India | |
| SN | City in S Andhra Pradesh, central India. |
| Tisa River | |
|---|---|
| USE | Tisza River |
| Tishomingo County Mississippi | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Mississippi | |
| ..Tishomingo County Mississippi | |
| NT | Tishomingo Mississippi |
| SN | County in extreme NE Mississippi. |
| Tishomingo Mississippi | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Mississippi | |
| ..Tishomingo County Mississippi | |
| ...Tishomingo Mississippi | |
| SN | Village in NE Mississippi. |
| Tismana Romania | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Southern Europe | |
| ..Romania | |
| ...Walachia | |
| ....Tismana Romania | |
| SN | Village in S foothills of Transylvanian Alps in NW. |
| Tisza River | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Tisza River | |
| UF | Theiss River |
| Tisa River | |
| RT | Serbia |
| Romania | |
| Ukraine | |
| Hungary | |
| Vojvodina Yugoslavia | |
| SN | Rises in Carpathians in W Ukraine and flows W, SW and then S, into the Danube River N of Belgrade. Also search Tisza. Indexed with countries as applicable. |
| Titan Satellite | |
|---|---|
| RT | icy satellites |
| satellites | |
| Saturn | |
| Voyager Program | |
| SN | One of the satellites of Saturn. Before 1989, also search Titan AND Saturn. Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| titanaugite | |
|---|---|
| BT | silicates |
| .chain silicates | |
| ..pyroxene group | |
| ...clinopyroxene | |
| ....titanaugite | |
| RT | augite |
| Titania Satellite | |
|---|---|
| RT | icy satellites |
| satellites | |
| Uranus | |
| Voyager Program | |
| SN | One of the satellites of Uranus. Before 1989, also search Titania AND Uranus. Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| titanite | |
|---|---|
| BT | silicates |
| .orthosilicates | |
| ..nesosilicates | |
| ...titanite | |
| UF | sphene |
| RT | heavy minerals |
| titanium | |
|---|---|
| BT | metals |
| .titanium | |
| UF | Ti |
| RT | high-field-strength elements |
| titanium ores | |
| SN | Chemical element. Use titanium ores for titanium as a commodity. |
| titanium ores | |
|---|---|
| BT | metal ores |
| .titanium ores | |
| RT | titanium oxides |
| ilmenite | |
| titanium | |
| leucoxene | |
| titanomagnetite | |
| titanium oxides | |
|---|---|
| BT | oxides |
| .titanium oxides | |
| RT | anatase |
| brookite | |
| rutile | |
| armalcolite | |
| geikielite | |
| ilmenite | |
| titanium ores | |
| oxyhydroxides | |
| titanomaghemite | |
| titanomagnetite | |
| perovskite | |
| pyrophanite | |
| ulvospinel | |
| titanoclinohumite | |
|---|---|
| BT | silicates |
| .orthosilicates | |
| ..nesosilicates | |
| ...humite group | |
| ....titanoclinohumite | |
| RT | clinohumite |
| titanomaghemite | |
|---|---|
| BT | oxides |
| .titanomaghemite | |
| RT | titanium oxides |
| maghemite | |
| titanomagnetite | |
|---|---|
| BT | oxides |
| .titanomagnetite | |
| RT | iron ores |
| titanium oxides | |
| magnetite | |
| magnetic minerals | |
| titanium ores | |
| Tithonian | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Mesozoic | |
| ...Jurassic | |
| ....Upper Jurassic | |
| .....Tithonian | |
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Mesozoic | |
| ...Jurassic | |
| ....Upper Jurassic | |
| .....Portlandian | |
| ......Tithonian | |
| NT | Vaca Muerta Formation |
| RT | Toro Formation |
| SN | Europe. |
| titration | |
|---|---|
| UF | volumetric analysis |
| RT | chemical analysis |
| wet methods | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1985. |
| Titus County Texas | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Texas | |
| ..Titus County Texas | |
| tjaele | |
|---|---|
| USE | frozen ground |
| Tkibuli Georgian Republic | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Georgian Republic | |
| ..Tkibuli Georgian Republic | |
| UF | Tkvibuli Georgian Republic |
| SN | City in W Georgian Republic. |
| Tkvibuli Georgian Republic | |
|---|---|
| USE | Tkibuli Georgian Republic |
| Tl | |
|---|---|
| USE | thallium |
| Tm | |
|---|---|
| USE | thulium |
| SN | As of 1993, not a valid term for GeoRef. See thematic mapper if applicable. |
| Toarcian | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Mesozoic | |
| ...Jurassic | |
| ....Lower Jurassic | |
| .....Toarcian | |
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Mesozoic | |
| ...Jurassic | |
| ....Lower Jurassic | |
| .....upper Liassic | |
| ......Toarcian | |
| NT | lower Toarcian |
| SN | Europe. |
| Toba Lake | |
|---|---|
| BT | Asia |
| .Far East | |
| ..Indonesia | |
| ...Sumatra | |
| ....Toba Lake | |
| RT | volcanoes |
| impact features | |
| SN | In Barisan Mountains in N central Sumatra. Thought to occupy the crater of an extinct volcano. Also search Toba. |
| Tobacco Root Mountains | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Montana | |
| ..Madison County Montana | |
| ...Tobacco Root Mountains | |
| BT | United States |
| .U. S. Rocky Mountains | |
| ..Tobacco Root Mountains | |
| SN | Range of Rocky Mountains in SW Montana. This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| Tobago | |
|---|---|
| BT | Caribbean region |
| .West Indies | |
| ..Antilles | |
| ...Lesser Antilles | |
| ....Trinidad and Tobago | |
| .....Tobago | |
| SN | Small island NE of Trinidad. A constituent part of Trinidad and Tobago. |
| tobermorite | |
|---|---|
| BT | silicates |
| .chain silicates | |
| ..tobermorite | |
| TOC | |
|---|---|
| SN | Not a valid term for GeoRef. See total organic carbon. |
| Tocantins River region | |
|---|---|
| BT | South America |
| .Brazil | |
| ..Tocantins River region | |
| RT | Para Brazil |
| Maranhao Brazil | |
| Goias Brazil | |
| Maranhao Basin | |
| SN | N central and N Brazil. Also search Tocantins. Indexed with states as applicable. |
| Tochigi Japan | |
|---|---|
| BT | nshu |
| .Tochigi Japan | |
| NT | Shiobara Japan |
| RT | Ashio Japan |
| Ashio Mine | |
| Kanto Plain | |
| Nasudake | |
| SN | Prefecture including town in E central Honshu. |
| tochilinite | |
|---|---|
| BT | sulfides |
| .tochilinite | |
| RT | iron sulfides |
| valleriite | |
| Todd County Kentucky | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Kentucky | |
| ..Todd County Kentucky | |
| Todd County Minnesota | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Minnesota | |
| ..Todd County Minnesota | |
| Todd County South Dakota | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .South Dakota | |
| ..Todd County South Dakota | |
| Todilto Formation | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Mesozoic | |
| ...Jurassic | |
| ....Middle Jurassic | |
| .....Todilto Formation | |
| RT | New Mexico |
| Colorado | |
| Arizona | |
| San Rafael Group | |
| SN | In San Rafael Group. |
| todorokite | |
|---|---|
| BT | oxides |
| .todorokite | |
| RT | manganese minerals |
| buserite | |
| Todos Santos B |
|---|
| Todos Santos Bay | |
|---|---|
| BT | Mexico |
| .Baja California Norte Mexico | |
| ..Todos Santos Bay | |
| RT | Baja California |
| SN | Just S and SW of Ensenada. Also search Todos Santos. |
| Tofino Basin | |
|---|---|
| BT | Canada |
| .Western Canada | |
| ..British Columbia | |
| ...Tofino Basin | |
| RT | Vancouver Island |
| SN | SW Vancouver Island. Also search Tofino. |
| Tofua | |
|---|---|
| BT | Oceania |
| .Polynesia | |
| ..Tonga | |
| ...Tofua | |
| SN | Volcanic island. The largest of Haapai group in central Tonga. |
| Togo | |
|---|---|
| BT | Africa |
| .West Africa | |
| ..Togo | |
| RT | Ghana |
| Volta Basin | |
| SN | Formerly French Togo. |
| Tohoku | |
|---|---|
| BT | nshu |
| .Tohoku | |
| UF | Northeast Japan |
| RT | Fukushima Japan |
| Miyagi Japan | |
| Akita Japan | |
| Aomori Japan | |
| Yamagata Japan | |
| Iwate Japan | |
| SN | Literally Northeast. Region, comprising N Honshu, which represents a transitional zone between cold Hokkaido and temperate and subtropical areas farther S. Includes Akita, Fukushima, Aomori, Iwate, Miyagi, and Yamagata prefectures. Indexed with prefecture |
| Toiyabe Range | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Nevada | |
| ..Toiyabe Range | |
| RT | Lander County Nevada |
| Nye County Nevada | |
| SN | Nye and Lander counties, central Nevada. Extends N-S along E bank of Reese River. Indexed with counties as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| Tokachi | |
|---|---|
| BT | kkaido |
| .Tokachi | |
| RT | volcanoes |
| Hidaka Mountains | |
| SN | Volcanic peak in central Hokkaido. After 1992, use Tokachi Japan for the sub-prefecture of Hokkaido. |
| Tokachi earthquake 1968 | |
|---|---|
| USE | Tokachi-Oki earthquake 1968 |
| Tokachi Plain | |
|---|---|
| BT | kkaido |
| .Tokachi Plain | |
| SN | Tokachi sub-prefecture, S central Hokkaido. |
| Tokachi-Oki earthqu |
|---|
| Tokachi-Oki earthquake 1968 | |
|---|---|
| BT | earthquakes |
| .Tokachi-Oki earthquake 1968 | |
| UF | Tokachi earthquake 1968 |
| RT | Japan |
| Oki Islands | |
| Japan Sea | |
| Hokkaido | |
| SN | Submarine earthquake off Hokkaido, Japan. Added to Thesaurus in 1993. |
| Tokai Japan | |
|---|---|
| BT | nshu |
| .Tokai Japan | |
| RT | Ibaraki Japan |
| Aichi Japan | |
| Chubu Japan | |
| Shizuoka Japan | |
| Suruga Bay | |
| Izu Peninsula | |
| SN | District in E central Honshu. Cities occur in Aichi Prefecture near Nagoya and in E Ibaraki Prefecture. Indexed with prefecture as applicable. |
| Tokaj Hungary | |
|---|---|
| BT | ngary |
| .Tokaj Hungary | |
| UF | Tokay Hungary |
| SN | Town in NE Hungary. |
| Tokaj Mountains | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Central Europe | |
| ..Hungary | |
| ...Tokaj Mountains | |
| BT | Europe |
| .Tokaj-Eperjes Mountains | |
| ..Tokaj Mountains | |
| SN | In NE Hungary. Hungarian section of Tokaj-Eperjes Mountains. This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| Tokaj-Eperjes Mountains | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Tokaj-Eperjes Mountains | |
| NT | Tokaj Mountains |
| RT | Hungary |
| Slovakia | |
| Carpathians | |
| SN | Outlier of the Carpathians. Indexed with Hungary and/or Slovakia as applicable. |
| Tokay Hungary | |
|---|---|
| USE | Tokaj Hungary |
| Tokelau | |
|---|---|
| BT | Oceania |
| .Polynesia | |
| ..Tokelau | |
| UF | Union Islands |
| RT | East Pacific Ocean Islands |
| SN | Island group N of Western Samoa. Added to Thesaurus in 1981. |
| Toki Japan | |
|---|---|
| BT | nshu |
| .Gifu Japan | |
| ..Toki Japan | |
| SN | City NE of Nagoya in Gifu Prefecture, central Honshu. |
| Tokio | |
|---|---|
| SN | Not a valid term for GeoRef. See Tokyo Japan. |
| Tokrau Synclinorium | |
|---|---|
| BT | Commonwealth of Independent States |
| .Kazakhstan | |
| ..Tokrau Synclinorium | |
| SN | N of Lake Balkhash. Also search Tokrau. This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| Tokushima Japan | |
|---|---|
| BT | Asia |
| .Far East | |
| ..Japan | |
| ...Shikoku | |
| ....Tokushima Japan | |
| RT | Yoshino River |
| SN | Prefecture and city on E coast of Shikoku, S Japan. |
| Tokyo Bay | |
|---|---|
| BT | nshu |
| .Tokyo Bay | |
| RT | Tokyo Japan |
| Chiba Japan | |
| Kanagawa Japan | |
| SN | SE Honshu. Added to Thesaurus in 1981. |
| Tokyo Imperial University | |
|---|---|
| USE | University of Tokyo |
| Tokyo Japan | |
|---|---|
| BT | nshu |
| .Tokyo Japan | |
| NT | Musashino Japan |
| RT | Tamagawa |
| Bonin Islands | |
| Kanto Plain | |
| Tokyo Bay | |
| Ishikawa Japan | |
| SN | Prefecture including city on Tokyo Bay in SE Honshu. Region bears the historic names Edo, Medo, Tokio, or Yeddo. |
| Tolbachik | |
|---|---|
| BT | Commonwealth of Independent States |
| .Russian Federation | |
| ..Russian Pacific region | |
| ...Kamchatka Peninsula | |
| ....Tolbachik | |
| RT | volcanoes |
| SN | Volcano on Kamchatka Peninsula. This term has multiple hierarchies. Added to Thesaurus in 1981. |
| Toledo City Spain | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Southern Europe | |
| ..Iberian Peninsula | |
| ...Spain | |
| ....Castilla-La Mancha Spain | |
| .....Toledo Spain | |
| ......Toledo City Spain | |
| SN | Refers only to the city in central Toledo Province, central Spain. Before 1981, also search Toledo Spain. |
| Toledo Ohio | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Ohio | |
| ..Lucas County Ohio | |
| ...Toledo Ohio | |
| SN | City on Maumee River in NW Ohio. |
| Toledo Spain | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Southern Europe | |
| ..Iberian Peninsula | |
| ...Spain | |
| ....Castilla-La Mancha Spain | |
| .....Toledo Spain | |
| NT | Toledo City Spain |
| RT | Castile Spain |
| Sierra de Gredos | |
| New Castile Spain | |
| Montes de Toledo | |
| Madrid Basin | |
| SN | Refers only to the province in central Spain. From 1981-1992, also search Toledo Province and Spain. For the city, see Toledo City Spain. |
| Tolfa Hills | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Southern Europe | |
| ..Italy | |
| ...Latium Italy | |
| ....Tolfa Hills | |
| SN | ENE of Civitavechia in NW Latium. Also search Tolfa. |
| Tolland County Connecticut | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Connecticut | |
| ..Tolland County Connecticut | |
| NT | Columbia Connecticut |
| RT | Roaring Brook Valley |
| SN | NE Connecticut. |
| Toluca Meteorite | |
|---|---|
| BT | meteorites |
| .iron meteorites | |
| ..octahedrite | |
| ...Toluca Meteorite | |
| RT | Mexico |
| SN | Impact near Xiquipilco in Toluca area W of Mexico City. Before 1981, also search Toluca AND meteorites. Added to Thesaurus in 1981. |
| toluene | |
|---|---|
| BT | organic compounds |
| .hydrocarbons | |
| ..aromatic hydrocarbons | |
| ...toluene | |
| RT | BTEX |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| Tom Green County Texas | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Texas | |
| ..Tom Green County Texas | |
| Tomales Bay | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .California | |
| ..Marin County California | |
| ...Tomales Bay | |
| SN | Inlet of Pacific Ocean on NW coast of Marin County N of San Francisco. |
| Tomar Portugal | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Southern Europe | |
| ..Iberian Peninsula | |
| ...Portugal | |
| ....Tomar Portugal | |
| UF | Thomar Portugal |
| SN | City in W central Portugal. |
| Tomaszow Lubelski Poland | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Central Europe | |
| ..Poland | |
| ...Tomaszow Lubelski Poland | |
| SN | Town in SE Zamosc, E Poland. |
| Tomaszow Mazowiecki Poland | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Central Europe | |
| ..Poland | |
| ...Tomaszow Mazowiecki Poland | |
| SN | Town SE of Lodz in NE Piotrkow, central Poland. |
| Tomaszow-Lvov Ridge | |
|---|---|
| USE | Roztocze |
| Tombigbee River | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Tombigbee River | |
| RT | Mississippi |
| Alabama | |
| Gulf Coastal Plain | |
| Mobile Bay | |
| SN | Source in NE Mississippi. Joins Alabama River in SW Alabama, then redivides into Mobile and Tensaw rivers, which flow into Mobile Bay. Indexed with states as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1985. |
| tombolos | |
|---|---|
| BT | shore features |
| .tombolos | |
| RT | sedimentation |
| barrier islands | |
| shorelines | |
| bars | |
| breakwaters | |
| spits | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1993. |
| Tombstone Arizona | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Arizona | |
| ..Cochise County Arizona | |
| ...Tombstone Arizona | |
| SN | City in SE Arizona. |
| Tommotian | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Paleozoic | |
| ...Cambrian | |
| ....Lower Cambrian | |
| .....Tommotian | |
| SN | USSR. Added to Thesaurus in 1985. |
| tomography | |
|---|---|
| UF | geotomography |
| RT | seismology |
| well-logging | |
| geophysical methods | |
| seismic methods | |
| X-ray analysis | |
| crosshole methods | |
| Radon transforms | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1985. |
| Tompkins County New York | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .New York | |
| ..Tompkins County New York | |
| NT | Ithaca New York |
| RT | Cayuga Lake |
| SN | W central New York. |
| Tomsk Russian Federation | |
|---|---|
| BT | Commonwealth of Independent States |
| .Russian Federation | |
| ..Tomsk Russian Federation | |
| BT | Asia |
| .Tomsk Russian Federation | |
| NT | Narym Russian Federation |
| Sredniy Vasyugan Russian Federation | |
| RT | Kuznetsk Basin |
| Kiya River | |
| SN | Oblast including the city on right bank of Tom River near its junction with Ob River in S central Siberia. Before 1993, Tomsk Russian Republic was also used. This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| tonalite | |
|---|---|
| BT | igneous rocks |
| .plutonic rocks | |
| ..diorites | |
| ...tonalite | |
| RT | quartz diorites |
| tonalite gneiss | |
|---|---|
| BT | metamorphic rocks |
| .gneisses | |
| ..tonalite gneiss | |
| Tonankai earthquake 1944 | |
|---|---|
| BT | earthquakes |
| .Tonankai earthquake 1944 | |
| RT | Honshu |
| Japan | |
| Mie Japan | |
| Kii Peninsula | |
| SN | Epicenter E of Kii Peninsula, Honshu, in the Kumano Sea. Before 1985, also search (Tonankai AND earthquakes AND 1944); OR Tonankai earthquakes, 1944. Added to Thesaurus in 2001. |
| Tonga | |
|---|---|
| BT | Oceania |
| .Polynesia | |
| ..Tonga | |
| NT | Eua Island |
| Tofua | |
| UF | Friendly Islands |
| Tonga Arc | |
| Tonga Archipelago | |
| Tonga island arc | |
| Tonga Islands | |
| RT | East Pacific Ocean Islands |
| Pacific Ocean | |
| Ata Caldera | |
| Tonga Trench | |
| SN | An archipelago of about 150 islands NE of New Zealand. Formerly a British protectorate which became independent in 1970. |
| Tonga Arc | |
|---|---|
| USE | Tonga |
| Tonga Archipelago | |
|---|---|
| USE | Tonga |
| Tonga island arc | |
|---|---|
| USE | Tonga |
| Tonga Islands | |
|---|---|
| USE | Tonga |
| Tonga Trench | |
|---|---|
| BT | Pacific Ocean |
| .South Pacific | |
| ..Southeast Pacific | |
| ...Tonga Trench | |
| RT | Tonga |
| DSDP Site 595 | |
| Leg 91 | |
| DSDP Site 596 | |
| SN | E of the Tongtapu group of the S Tonga Islands. This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| Tonganoxie Sandstone | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Paleozoic | |
| ...Carboniferous | |
| ....Pennsylvanian | |
| .....Upper Pennsylvanian | |
| ......Virgilian | |
| .......Tonganoxie Sandstone | |
| UF | Tunganoxie Sandstone Member |
| RT | Missouri |
| Kansas | |
| SN | Of Stranger Formation. Underlies Westphalia Limestone Member. In E Kansas and NW Missouri. |
| Tongariro | |
|---|---|
| BT | Australasia |
| .New Zealand | |
| ..Tongariro | |
| RT | volcanoes |
| North Island | |
| Taupo volcanic zone | |
| Ngauruhoe | |
| SN | Volcano in Tongariro National Park, central North Island, New Zealand. Also index North Island. Added to Thesaurus in 1993. |
| Tonghai earthquake 1970 | |
|---|---|
| BT | earthquakes |
| .Tonghai earthquake 1970 | |
| UF | T'ung-hai earthquake 1970 |
| RT | China |
| Yunnan China | |
| SN | Epicenter near Tonghai, Yunnan, SW China. Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| Tongrian | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Cenozoic | |
| ...Paleogene | |
| ....Eocene | |
| .....upper Eocene | |
| ......Tongrian | |
| RT | Krosno Beds |
| Lattorfian | |
| Sannoisian | |
| SN | Lattorfian. Europe. Above Ludian (Eocene), below Rupelian. Also search Lattorfian. |
| Tongue of the Ocean | |
|---|---|
| BT | Atlantic Ocean |
| .North Atlantic | |
| ..Tongue of the Ocean | |
| RT | Bahamas |
| SN | Strait between Andros Island on the west and New Providence Island and Exuma Cays on the east. Before 1995, Bahamas was a broader term. |
| Tongue River | |
|---|---|
| RT | North Dakota |
| Montana | |
| Wyoming | |
| Yellowstone River | |
| SN | Tributary of the Yellowstone River, N central Wyoming and SE Montana. Also a tributary of the Pembina River, NE North Dakota. Indexed with counties and states as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1985. |
| Tongue River Member | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Cenozoic | |
| ...Paleogene | |
| ....Paleocene | |
| .....Tongue River Member | |
| RT | Wyoming |
| Montana | |
| North Dakota | |
| South Dakota | |
| Fort Union Formation | |
| SN | In Fort Union Formation. In Montana and North Dakota, composed of light-yellow, tan, and gray sandstones and shales; thin lenses of limestone; and numerous beds of lignite. Found in E Montana, SW North Dakota, South Dakota and NW Wyoming. |
| Tonian | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Precambrian | |
| ..Proterozoic | |
| ...Neoproterozoic | |
| ....Tonian | |
| Tonkin Gulf | |
|---|---|
| USE | Gulf of Tonkin |
| tonnage | |
|---|---|
| RT | mines |
| ore grade | |
| production | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1995. |
| Tonnerre France | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Western Europe | |
| ..France | |
| ...Yonne France | |
| ....Tonnerre France | |
| SN | Town in E Yonne, central France. |
| Tono Japan | |
|---|---|
| BT | nshu |
| .Tono Japan | |
| RT | Gifu Japan |
| Iwate Japan | |
| SN | Village in N Honshu. Indexed with prefecture. |
| Tono Washington | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Washington | |
| ..Thurston County Washington | |
| ...Tono Washington | |
| SN | Village in SW Washington. |
| Tonoloway Limestone | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Paleozoic | |
| ...Silurian | |
| ....Upper Silurian | |
| .....Cayugan | |
| ......Tonoloway Limestone | |
| RT | Virginia |
| Pennsylvania | |
| Maryland | |
| West Virginia | |
| SN | Cayugan. Underlies Keyser Limestone. |
| Tonopah Nevada | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Nevada | |
| ..Nye County Nevada | |
| ...Tonopah Nevada | |
| SN | Village in S central Nevada. |
| Tons Member | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Paleozoic | |
| ...Cambrian | |
| ....Tons Member | |
| RT | India |
| SN | Tons Series, Cambrian. The Tons Series and Son Series are united to make up the Ken Subsystem, or lower main division of the Vindhyan System. In central India. |
| tonstein | |
|---|---|
| BT | sedimentary rocks |
| .clastic rocks | |
| ..tonstein | |
| RT | terrigenous materials |
| Tonto Basin | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Arizona | |
| ..Gila County Arizona | |
| ...Tonto Basin | |
| SN | Valley in N Gila County in central Arizona. |
| Tooele County Utah | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Utah | |
| ..Tooele County Utah | |
| NT | Bonneville Salt Flats |
| Stansbury Mountains | |
| RT | Great Salt Lake |
| Thomas Range | |
| SN | NW Utah. |
| tool marks | |
|---|---|
| BT | sedimentary structures |
| .bedding plane irregularities | |
| ..tool marks | |
| RT | soft sediment deformation |
| current markings | |
| Toole County Montana | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Montana | |
| ..Toole County Montana | |
| SN | N Montana. |
| Toolebuc Formation | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Mesozoic | |
| ...Cretaceous | |
| ....Toolebuc Formation | |
| RT | Queensland Australia |
| South Australia | |
| Australia | |
| Northern Territory Australia | |
| New South Wales Australia | |
| SN | E Australia. Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| tools | |
|---|---|
| SN | As of 1993, use artifacts with archaeology if applicable. See instruments for other uses. |
| Toombs County Georgia | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Georgia | |
| ..Toombs County Georgia | |
| topaz | |
|---|---|
| BT | silicates |
| .orthosilicates | |
| ..nesosilicates | |
| ...topaz | |
| BT | halides |
| .fluorides | |
| ..topaz | |
| RT | gems |
| SN | This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| Topeka Kansas | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Kansas | |
| ..Shawnee County Kansas | |
| ...Topeka Kansas | |
| SN | City on Kansas River in NE Kansas. |
| tophus | |
|---|---|
| USE | tufa |
| Topley Intrusions | |
|---|---|
| BT | Canada |
| .Western Canada | |
| ..British Columbia | |
| ...Topley Intrusions | |
| SN | Central British Columbia. |
| topographic correction | |
|---|---|
| RT | cartography |
| corrections | |
| geophysical methods | |
| topographic maps | |
| topography | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1982. |
| topographic maps | |
|---|---|
| BT | maps |
| .topographic maps | |
| RT | topography |
| base maps | |
| topographic correction | |
| contour maps | |
| SN | Before 1978, also search maps AND topographic. |
| topology | |
|---|---|
| RT | connectivity |
| geometry | |
| homology | |
| mathematical geology | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1985. |
| Topopah Spring Member | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Cenozoic | |
| ...Neogene | |
| ....Miocene | |
| .....Topopah Spring Member | |
| RT | Nevada |
| Paintbrush Tuff | |
| SN | Of Paintbrush Tuff. S Nevada. Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| toposequences | |
|---|---|
| RT | catenas |
| factors | |
| pedogenesis | |
| slopes | |
| soils | |
| topography | |
| Toquima Range | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Nevada | |
| ..Toquima Range | |
| RT | Basin and Range Province |
| Lander County Nevada | |
| Nye County Nevada | |
| Mount Jefferson | |
| SN | Central Nevada. Indexed with counties as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1985. |
| Tor Formation | |
|---|---|
| RT | Cretaceous |
| Devonian | |
| Nevada | |
| North Sea | |
| Upper Cretaceous | |
| SN | Devonian. Overlies Antelope Valley Limestone. In central Nevada. Also an Upper Cretaceous formation in the North Sea oilfields. Indexed with age and region as applicable. |
| torbanite | |
|---|---|
| BT | sedimentary rocks |
| .torbanite | |
| UF | bitumenite |
| RT | oil shale |
| shale | |
| torbernite | |
|---|---|
| BT | phosphates |
| .torbernite | |
| Torino Italy | |
|---|---|
| USE | Turin Italy |
| Torlesse Supergroup | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Mesozoic | |
| ...Triassic | |
| ....Upper Triassic | |
| .....Torlesse Supergroup | |
| RT | New Zealand |
| Otago Schist | |
| Torlesse Terrane | |
|---|---|
| BT | Australasia |
| .New Zealand | |
| ..Torlesse Terrane | |
| RT | South Island |
| North Island | |
| SN | Upper Paleozoic and Mesozoic. Comprises much of the axial mountain ranges of North Island and South Island. Indexed with North Island and/or South Island as applicable. |
| Torngat Mountains | |
|---|---|
| BT | Canada |
| .Eastern Canada | |
| ..Newfoundland | |
| ...Labrador | |
| ....Torngat Mountains | |
| SN | N Labrador. Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| Torngat Orogeny | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Precambrian | |
| ..Proterozoic | |
| ...Paleoproterozoic | |
| ....Torngat Orogeny | |
| RT | Canada |
| Quebec | |
| orogeny | |
| Labrador | |
| SN | NE Quebec, N Labrador. |
| Tornquist Zone | |
|---|---|
| USE | Tornquist-Teisseyre Zone |
| Tornquist-Teisseyre Zone | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Tornquist-Teisseyre Zone | |
| UF | Teisseyre-Tornquist Zone |
| Tornquist Zone | |
| RT | Central Europe |
| Western Europe | |
| Denmark | |
| Scandinavia | |
| SN | Suture zone or lineament from S Scandinavia through Poland to the Black Sea. It separates the stable Precambrian Russian Platform and younger, more tectonically active crust of central and Western Europe. Indexed with countries and/or regions as applicabl |
| Toro Formation | |
|---|---|
| RT | Berriasian |
| Lower Cretaceous | |
| Papua New Guinea | |
| Tithonian | |
| California | |
| Upper Jurassic | |
| SN | Lower Cretaceous (Berriasian) and Upper Jurassic (Tithonian) sandstone of Papua New Guinea. Also Lower Cretaceous and Upper Jurassic of California. May also occur in other locations. Search in combination with country or state. Indexed with age as applica |
| toroidal mode | |
|---|---|
| RT | oscillations |
| seismographs | |
| seismology | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1981. |
| Torok Formation | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Mesozoic | |
| ...Cretaceous | |
| ....Lower Cretaceous | |
| .....Torok Formation | |
| RT | Alaska |
| SN | N Alaska. Added to Thesaurus in 1985. |
| Toronto Ontario | |
|---|---|
| BT | Canada |
| .Eastern Canada | |
| ..Ontario | |
| ...Toronto Ontario | |
| RT | Gibraltar Point |
| SN | Municipal region including the city at NW end of Lake Ontario. |
| Toroweap Formation | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Paleozoic | |
| ...Permian | |
| ....Toroweap Formation | |
| RT | Utah |
| Nevada | |
| Arizona | |
| SN | In Aubrey Group. In Arizona can be subdivided into 3 main units (ascending): red to buff sandstone; calcareous sandstone and arenaceous limestone; and alternating red and buff sandstone, siltstone, and some shale. In NW Arizona, SE Nevada, and SW Utah. |
| Torquay England | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Western Europe | |
| ..United Kingdom | |
| ...Great Britain | |
| ....England | |
| .....Devonshire England | |
| ......Torquay England | |
| SN | Resort city on English Channel in SW England. |
| torque | |
|---|---|
| RT | angular momentum |
| convection | |
| coupling | |
| obliquity of the ecliptic | |
| plate tectonics | |
| pressure | |
| properties | |
| rotation | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1995. |
| Torrance County New Mexico | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .New Mexico | |
| ..Torrance County New Mexico | |
| RT | Manzano Mountains |
| SN | Central New Mexico. |
| Torrejonian | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Cenozoic | |
| ...Paleogene | |
| ....Paleocene | |
| .....lower Paleocene | |
| ......Torrejonian | |
| SN | North America. Lower Paleocene, above Dragonian and below Tiffanian. Added to Thesaurus in 1985. |
| Torres Strait | |
|---|---|
| BT | Pacific Ocean |
| .South Pacific | |
| ..Southwest Pacific | |
| ...Torres Strait | |
| RT | Arafura Sea |
| Coral Sea | |
| SN | Between the island of New Guinea and the N tip of Cape York Peninsula, Queensland. Connects the Arafura Sea with the Coral Sea. Also search Torres. This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| Torridonian | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Precambrian | |
| ..Proterozoic | |
| ...Neoproterozoic | |
| ....Torridonian | |
| SN | Europe. |
| tors | |
|---|---|
| RT | erosion features |
| glacial geology | |
| hills | |
| periglacial features | |
| solution features | |
| geomorphology | |
| torsion | |
|---|---|
| RT | deformation |
| extension | |
| extension tectonics | |
| stress | |
| tension | |
| torsion faults | |
|---|---|
| USE | wrench faults |
| torsion modulus | |
|---|---|
| USE | shear modulus |
| Tortonian | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Cenozoic | |
| ...Neogene | |
| ....Miocene | |
| .....Tortonian | |
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Cenozoic | |
| ...Neogene | |
| ....Miocene | |
| .....upper Miocene | |
| ......Tortonian | |
| RT | Chinji Formation |
| Helvetian | |
| SN | Europe. |
| tortuosity | |
|---|---|
| RT | connectivity |
| geometry | |
| properties | |
| SN | Property of materials. |
| Torun Poland | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Central Europe | |
| ..Poland | |
| ...Torun Poland | |
| NT | Grudziadz Poland |
| UF | Thorn Poland |
| SN | Province and city in N central Poland. |
| Tosa Bay | |
|---|---|
| BT | Asia |
| .Far East | |
| ..Japan | |
| ...Shikoku | |
| ....Tosa Bay | |
| RT | Kochi Japan |
| SN | Inlet of the Pacific Ocean on S coast. Also search Tosa. |
| tosudite | |
|---|---|
| BT | silicates |
| .sheet silicates | |
| ..clay minerals | |
| ...tosudite | |
| total field methods | |
|---|---|
| USE | total-field methods |
| total organic carbon | |
|---|---|
| BT | organic compounds |
| .total organic carbon | |
| RT | carbon |
| organic carbon | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1998. |
| total rock | |
|---|---|
| USE | whole rock |
| total-field methods | |
|---|---|
| UF | total field methods |
| RT | remote sensing |
| airborne methods | |
| magnetic methods | |
| methods | |
| high-resolution methods | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1985. |
| Totes Gebirge | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Central Europe | |
| ..Austria | |
| ...Totes Gebirge | |
| RT | Upper Austria |
| Styria Austria | |
| SN | Mountain range in W central Austria. Indexed with states as applicable. |
| Tottori Japan | |
|---|---|
| BT | nshu |
| .Tottori Japan | |
| RT | Chugoku |
| Dogo | |
| Naka-no-umi | |
| SN | City and prefecture on Japan Sea NW of Kyoto in S Honshu. |
| Toulon France | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Western Europe | |
| ..France | |
| ...Var France | |
| ....Toulon France | |
| SN | City on the Mediterranean Sea in S Var, SE France. |
| Toulouse France | |
|---|---|
| BT | ute-Garonne France |
| .Toulouse France | |
| SN | City on the Garonne River in N Haute-Garonne, S France. |
| Toumodi Ivory Coast | |
|---|---|
| BT | Africa |
| .West Africa | |
| ..Ivory Coast | |
| ...Toumodi Ivory Coast | |
| SN | Village NW of Abidjan in S central Ivory Coast. |
| Touraine | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Western Europe | |
| ..France | |
| ...Touraine | |
| RT | Indre France |
| Indre-et-Loire France | |
| SN | Historical region of NW central France. The area now comprises Indre-et-Loire Department and part of Indre Department. Indexed with departments as applicable. |
| tourmaline | |
|---|---|
| BT | silicates |
| .ring silicates | |
| ..tourmaline | |
| RT | heavy minerals |
| gems | |
| dravite | |
| buergerite | |
| schorl | |
| elbaite | |
| peridot | |
| tourmalinization | |
| tourmaline schist | |
|---|---|
| USE | tourmalinite |
| tourmalinite | |
|---|---|
| BT | metamorphic rocks |
| .schists | |
| ..tourmalinite | |
| UF | tourmaline schist |
| RT | schistosity |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1993. |
| tourmalinization | |
|---|---|
| BT | metasomatism |
| .tourmalinization | |
| RT | alteration |
| hydrothermal alteration | |
| tourmaline | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1985. |
| Tournai Belgium | |
|---|---|
| BT | inaut Belgium |
| .Tournai Belgium | |
| UF | Doornik Belgium |
| Tournay Belgium | |
| SN | City on Scheldt River near the French border in W Hainaut, SW Belgium. |
| Tournaisian | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Paleozoic | |
| ...Carboniferous | |
| ....Mississippian | |
| .....Tournaisian | |
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Paleozoic | |
| ...Carboniferous | |
| ....Dinantian | |
| .....Tournaisian | |
| NT | upper Tournaisian |
| SN | Europe. |
| Tournay Belgium | |
|---|---|
| USE | Tournai Belgium |
| Tours France | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Western Europe | |
| ..France | |
| ...Indre-et-Loire France | |
| ....Tours France | |
| SN | City on the Loire River in central Indre-et-Loire, NW central France. |
| Toutle River | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Washington | |
| ..Toutle River | |
| RT | Cowlitz River |
| Cowlitz County Washington | |
| Skamania County Washington | |
| SN | Tributary of the Cowlitz River, SW Washington. Indexed with counties as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1985. |
| Towada | |
|---|---|
| BT | nshu |
| .Towada | |
| UF | Towada Volcano |
| RT | volcanoes |
| SN | Volcano in Towada-Hachimantai National Park in N Honshu. Indexed with prefecture. |
| Towada Volcano | |
|---|---|
| USE | Towada |
| Towner County North Dakota | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .North Dakota | |
| ..Towner County North Dakota | |
| Towns County Georgia | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Georgia | |
| ..Towns County Georgia | |
| RT | Lake Chatuge |
| SN | NE Georgia. |
| Townsville Australia | |
|---|---|
| BT | Australasia |
| .Australia | |
| ..Queensland Australia | |
| ...Townsville Australia | |
| SN | City on Halifax Bay on the Coral Sea in E Queensland. |
| toxic materials | |
|---|---|
| RT | alachlor |
| aldicarb | |
| bentazon | |
| carbon tetrachloride | |
| carcinogens | |
| chemical waste | |
| chloroform | |
| chlorophenols | |
| cyanides | |
| dioxins | |
| environmental geology | |
| ethylbenzene | |
| hazardous waste | |
| hexachlorobenzene | |
| materials | |
| methylmercury | |
| metribuzin | |
| PCBs | |
| pentachlorophenol | |
| pollution | |
| P | |
| SN | Before 1978, also search toxic AND materials. Before 1984, also search toxic substances. Toxic substances was used primarily under soils. |
| toxic waste | |
|---|---|
| SN | Not a valid term for GeoRef. See hazardous waste; radioactive waste; toxic materials; waste disposal. |
| toxicity | |
|---|---|
| RT | bioaccumulation |
| environmental geology | |
| immunoassays | |
| toxic materials | |
| waste disposal | |
| Toyama Japan | |
|---|---|
| BT | nshu |
| .Toyama Japan | |
| RT | Chubu Japan |
| Japanese Alps | |
| Hida Mountains | |
| Noto Peninsula | |
| SN | Prefecture and city on S shore of Toyama Bay on Japan Sea in central Honshu. |
| Toyoha Mine | |
|---|---|
| BT | kkaido |
| .Toyoha Mine | |
| RT | mines |
| lead-zinc deposits | |
| silver ores | |
| polymetallic ores | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1993. |
| Toyoma Japan | |
|---|---|
| BT | nshu |
| .Toyoma Japan | |
| SN | Town SE of Taira on the Pacific Ocean in central Honshu. |
| Toyoura Sand | |
|---|---|
| RT | Japan |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| tr |
|---|
| trace elements | |
|---|---|
| UF | guest element |
| microelement | |
| trace-elements | |
| RT | nutrients |
| chemical elements | |
| thermal waters | |
| rare earths | |
| major elements | |
| minor elements | |
| trace-element analyses | |
| trace metals | |
| trace fossils | |
|---|---|
| SN | A valid term through 1972. After 1972, use ichnofossils. However, as of 1981, a distinction is made between ichnofossils and lebensspuren. Use lebensspuren when the emphasis is sedimentary petrology; use ichnofossils for paleontologic studies. |
| trace metals | |
|---|---|
| RT | environmental geology |
| metals | |
| pollution | |
| trace elements | |
| geochemistry | |
| SN | May be used with commodities (list C). |
| trace-element analyses | |
|---|---|
| RT | analysis |
| chemical analysis | |
| chemical elements | |
| major-element analyses | |
| minor-element analyses | |
| particle-induced X-ray emission | |
| spectroscopy | |
| trace elements | |
| voltammetry | |
| SN | For data, see appropriate material. |
| trace-elements | |
|---|---|
| USE | trace elements |
| tracers | |
|---|---|
| RT | breakthrough curves |
| chlorofluorocarbons | |
| chloroform | |
| D/H | |
| dye tracers | |
| fluorimetry | |
| ground water | |
| hydrogeology | |
| hydrology | |
| image analysis | |
| isotopes | |
| radioactive tracers | |
| radioactivity | |
| surface water | |
| tracheophyte | |
|---|---|
| SN | As of 1993, use vascular taxa AND Plantae. |
| trachyandesites | |
|---|---|
| BT | igneous rocks |
| .volcanic rocks | |
| ..trachyandesites | |
| NT | latite |
| trachybasalts | |
|---|---|
| BT | igneous rocks |
| .volcanic rocks | |
| ..basalts | |
| ...alkali basalts | |
| ....trachybasalts | |
| RT | benmoreite |
| trachydolerite | |
| trachydolerite | |
|---|---|
| BT | igneous rocks |
| .volcanic rocks | |
| ..basalts | |
| ...alkali basalts | |
| ....trachydolerite | |
| RT | trachybasalts |
| Trachyleberididae | |
|---|---|
| BT | Invertebrata |
| .Arthropoda | |
| ..Mandibulata | |
| ...Crustacea | |
| ....Ostracoda | |
| .....Podocopida | |
| ......Cytherocopina | |
| .......Cytheracea | |
| ........Trachyleberididae | |
| UF | Trachyleberidinae |
| SN | This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| Trachyleberidinae | |
|---|---|
| USE | Trachyleberididae |
| trachyte-phonolite family | |
|---|---|
| SN | As of 1981, no longer a valid term for GeoRef. Use trachytes or phonolites as applicable. |
| trachytes | |
|---|---|
| BT | igneous rocks |
| .volcanic rocks | |
| ..trachytes | |
| NT | keratophyre |
| quartz keratophyre | |
| SN | Before 1981, search trachyte-phonolite family. |
| tracks | |
|---|---|
| RT | biogenic structures |
| ichnofossils | |
| lebensspuren | |
| sedimentary structures | |
| trails | |
| SN | Before 1977, also search tracks and trails. Includes use as the sedimentary structure as well as the paleontologic feature. Also index ichnofossils OR lebensspuren if applicable. See lists F and K. |
| tracks and trails | |
|---|---|
| SN | Not a valid index term for GeoRef after 1971. Used in subfiles E, N, T, and B. Use tracks or trails as separate terms. |
| Tracy Arm | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Alaska | |
| ..Tracy Arm | |
| RT | Southeastern Alaska |
| SN | SE Alaska. Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| Tradewater Formation | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Paleozoic | |
| ...Carboniferous | |
| ....Pennsylvanian | |
| .....Middle Pennsylvanian | |
| ......Tradewater Formation | |
| RT | Kentucky |
| SN | W Kentucky. Added to Thesaurus in 1985. |
| Traill County North Dakota | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .North Dakota | |
| ..Traill County North Dakota | |
| trails | |
|---|---|
| RT | biogenic structures |
| ichnofossils | |
| lebensspuren | |
| sedimentary structures | |
| tracks | |
| SN | Before 1977, also search tracks and trails. Includes use as the sedimentary structure as well as the paleontologic feature. Also index ichnofossils OR lebensspuren if applicable. See lists F and K. |
| Tranquillity Base | |
|---|---|
| USE | Taurus-Littrow |
| Trans Alaska Crustal Transect | |
|---|---|
| USE | TACT |
| Trans-Alaska Crustal Transect | |
|---|---|
| USE | TACT |
| Trans-Alaska Pipeline | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Alaska | |
| ..Trans-Alaska Pipeline | |
| RT | Southern Alaska |
| Northern Alaska | |
| East-Central Alaska | |
| Valdez Alaska | |
| SN | Pipeline constructed for the movement of crude oil from the North Slope at Prudhoe Bay on the Arctic Ocean in the NE to the port of Valdez off Prince William Sound in the SE. Indexed with Northern Alaska, East-Central Alaska and/or Southern Alaska as appl |
| Trans-Amazonian Orogeny | |
|---|---|
| USE | Transamazonian Orogeny |
| Trans-Aravalli Vindhyan Basin | |
|---|---|
| BT | Asia |
| .Indian Peninsula | |
| ..India | |
| ...Trans-Aravalli Vindhyan Basin | |
| RT | Rajasthan India |
| Madhya Pradesh India | |
| SN | Indexed with states as applicable. |
| Trans-Hudsonian Orogeny | |
|---|---|
| USE | Hudsonian Orogeny |
| Trans-Jordan | |
|---|---|
| USE | Jordan |
| Trans-Pecos | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Trans-Pecos | |
| RT | New Mexico |
| Texas | |
| West Texas | |
| Marathon Geosyncline | |
| SN | Region W of the Pecos River and E of the Rio Grande in West Texas and S central New Mexico. Indexed with states as applicable. |
| Transamazonian Orogeny | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Precambrian | |
| ..Proterozoic | |
| ...Paleoproterozoic | |
| ....Transamazonian Orogeny | |
| UF | Amazonian Orogeny |
| Trans-Amazonian Orogeny | |
| RT | orogeny |
| Brazil | |
| Pan-African Orogeny | |
| Bolivia | |
| South America | |
| Venezuela | |
| Guyana | |
| Surinam | |
| SN | Primarily in NE and north-central South America. Also search Transamazonian Cycle if applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1998. |
| Transantarctic Mountains | |
|---|---|
| BT | Antarctica |
| .Transantarctic Mountains | |
| RT | Queen Alexandra Range Meteorites |
| SN | A series of mountain ranges extending across the continent from the Filchner Ice Shelf on the Atlantic Ocean side through Victoria Land on the Pacific Ocean side separating East Antarctica from West Antarctica. |
| Transbaikal | |
|---|---|
| USE | Transbaikalia |
| Transbaikalia | |
|---|---|
| BT | Commonwealth of Independent States |
| .Russian Federation | |
| ..Transbaikalia | |
| BT | Asia |
| .Transbaikalia | |
| UF | Transbaikal |
| RT | Argun River |
| Amur Russian Federation | |
| Zeya River | |
| Buryat Russian Federation | |
| Baikal region | |
| Chita Russian Federation | |
| Western Transbaikalia | |
| SN | Region of SE Siberia E of Lake Baikal including Buryatia; and Chita and Amur oblasts. This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| Transcarpathia Ukraine | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Ukraine | |
| ..Transcarpathia Ukraine | |
| NT | Beregovo Ukraine |
| Borkut Deposit | |
| Rakhov Ukraine | |
| RT | Russian Platform |
| Rakhov Massif | |
| SN | This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| Transcaucasia | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Transcaucasia | |
| UF | Transcaucasus |
| RT | Georgian Republic |
| Armenia | |
| Azerbaijan | |
| Lesser Caucasus | |
| Greater Caucasus | |
| Caucasus | |
| Kabardin-Balkar Russian Federation | |
| SN | Region including Armenia, Azerbaijan and the Georgian Republic. Indexed with former Soviet republics as applicable. |
| Transcaucasus | |
|---|---|
| USE | Transcaucasia |
| Transcontinental Arch | |
|---|---|
| BT | North America |
| .Transcontinental Arch | |
| RT | Canada |
| United States | |
| Mexico | |
| Great Plains | |
| Midcontinent | |
| SN | Prominent Middle Ordovician feature extending from the Canadian Shield, southwest across the Great Plains to NW Mexico. Indexed with states, countries, or regions as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1993. |
| transcurrent faults | |
|---|---|
| BT | faults |
| .transcurrent faults | |
| RT | displacements |
| transtension | |
| strike-slip faults | |
| transverse faults | |
| SN | Before 1978, also search faults AND transcurrent. |
| Transdanubia | |
|---|---|
| BT | ngary |
| .Transdanubia | |
| NT | Central Transdanubia |
| Northwestern Transdanubia | |
| Southeastern Transdanubia | |
| Southern Transdanubia | |
| UF | Dunantul |
| SN | Fertile, hilly region between the Danube River and the Austrian border. |
| Transdanubian Central Mountains | |
|---|---|
| USE | Bakony Mountains |
| transducers | |
|---|---|
| RT | data processing |
| instruments | |
| pressuremeters | |
| SN | Also search pressure transducers or pressure sensors if applicable. |
| transects | |
|---|---|
| USE | geotraverses |
| transfer faults | |
|---|---|
| BT | faults |
| .strike-slip faults | |
| ..transfer faults | |
| RT | accommodation zones |
| transform faults | |
| dip-slip faults | |
| fault zones | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1993. |
| transfer functions | |
|---|---|
| RT | data processing |
| functions | |
| mathematical geology | |
| mathematical methods | |
| mathematical models | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1985. |
| transfer, heat | |
|---|---|
| USE | heat transfer |
| transfer, mass | |
|---|---|
| USE | mass transfer |
| transform | |
|---|---|
| SN | A valid term through 1977. After 1977, use transform faults. |
| transform faults | |
|---|---|
| BT | faults |
| .strike-slip faults | |
| ..transform faults | |
| RT | accommodation zones |
| plate tectonics | |
| transfer faults | |
| mid-ocean ridges | |
| displacements | |
| transtension | |
| fracture zones | |
| Rivera Ocean Seismic Experiment | |
| SN | Before 1978, also search faults AND transform. |
| transformations | |
|---|---|
| RT | clay mineralogy |
| crystal chemistry | |
| metabolism | |
| minerals | |
| ocean waves | |
| phase equilibria | |
| phase transitions | |
| soils | |
| SN | Before 1978, transformation was used under ocean waves. |
| transformations, Laplace | |
|---|---|
| USE | Laplace transformations |
| transgression | |
|---|---|
| BT | sea-level changes |
| .transgression | |
| RT | stratigraphy |
| paleogeography | |
| levels | |
| Fischer plots | |
| submergence | |
| regression | |
| highstands | |
| lake-level changes | |
| SN | As of 1998, restricted to use for seas. |
| transient electromagnetic logging | |
|---|---|
| SN | Use transient methods and electromagnetic logging. |
| transient electromagnetic methods | |
|---|---|
| SN | Use transient methods and electromagnetic methods. |
| transient electromagnetic response | |
|---|---|
| SN | Use transient methods and electromagnetic methods or electromagnetic logging as applicable. |
| transient flow | |
|---|---|
| USE | unsteady flow |
| transient methods | |
|---|---|
| RT | electromagnetic logging |
| electromagnetic methods | |
| geophysical methods | |
| transient phenomena | |
| SN | Includes use with electromagnetic methods or electromagnetic logging for transient electromagnetic response. Added to Thesaurus in 1981. |
| transient phenomena | |
|---|---|
| UF | phenomena, transient |
| RT | transient methods |
| steady-state processes | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1985. |
| transition | |
|---|---|
| SN | A valid general term through 1977. |
| transition zones | |
|---|---|
| UF | zones, transition |
| RT | 410-km discontinuity |
| mantle | |
| 670-km discontinuity | |
| plate tectonics | |
| phase transitions | |
| crust | |
| continental crust | |
| core | |
| core-mantle boundary | |
| wadsleyite | |
| oceanic crust | |
| translation lattice | |
|---|---|
| USE | lattice |
| transmissibility | |
|---|---|
| USE | transmissivity |
| transmission | |
|---|---|
| SN | A valid term through 1978. After 1993, use transmission electron microscopy or TEM data if applicable. |
| transmission electron microscopy | |
|---|---|
| RT | chemical analysis |
| electron microscopy | |
| scanning electron microscopy | |
| SEM data | |
| SN | For the method. Before 1993 also search (transmission OR transmission method) AND electron microscopy. Added to Thesaurus in 1993. |
| transmission electron microscopy data | |
|---|---|
| USE | TEM data |
| transmission method | |
|---|---|
| SN | No longer a valid term for GeoRef. See transmission electron microscopy. |
| transmissivity | |
|---|---|
| UF | coefficient of transmissibility |
| transmissibility | |
| RT | ground water |
| aquifers | |
| hydrogeology | |
| permeability | |
| hydrology | |
| preferential flow | |
| hydraulic conductivity | |
| slug tests | |
| SN | Restricted to usage in relation to hydrology. Not to be used for remote sensing. |
| transport | |
|---|---|
| UF | entrainment |
| RT | hydrophobic materials |
| solute transport | |
| pollutants | |
| atmospheric transport | |
| SUTRA | |
| magma transport | |
| marine transport | |
| sediment transport | |
| stream transport | |
| migration | |
| deflation | |
| hydrodynamics | |
| chemical dispersion | |
| movement | |
| hydraulics | |
| settling | |
| glacial transport | |
| wave di | |
| SN | As of 1995, use with pollutants for pollution studies. Before 1995, also search movement with pollutants or specific type of pollutant. See specific types: atmospheric transport, chemical dispersion or wave dispersion, glacial transport, marine transport, |
| transportation | |
|---|---|
| RT | pipelines |
| SN | As of 1978, term is restricted to non-geological meaning. |
| transpression | |
|---|---|
| RT | compression tectonics |
| crustal shortening | |
| faults | |
| orogeny | |
| structural analysis | |
| plate tectonics | |
| tectonics | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| transtension | |
|---|---|
| RT | extension tectonics |
| mid-ocean ridges | |
| neotectonics | |
| oblique-slip faults | |
| sea-floor spreading | |
| spreading centers | |
| strike-slip faults | |
| tension | |
| transcurrent faults | |
| transform faults | |
| tectonics | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1995. |
| Transvaal region | |
|---|---|
| BT | Africa |
| .Southern Africa | |
| ..South Africa | |
| ...Transvaal region | |
| UF | Transvaal South Africa |
| RT | Barberton greenstone belt |
| Fig Tree Series | |
| Mpumalanga South Africa | |
| Limpopo Basin | |
| Bushveld Complex | |
| Guateng South Africa | |
| Merensky Reef | |
| North-West Province South Africa | |
| Northern Province South Africa | |
| Klerksdorp Field | |
| Lebombo Mountains | |
| Swartkrans Cave | |
| Vaal Riv | |
| SN | Former province in NE South Africa which was split in the mid-1990's to form E part of North-West Province, and Northern Province, Mpumalanga, and Guateng provinces. After 1993, also search individual provinces. Indexed with provinces as applicable. |
| Transvaal South Africa | |
|---|---|
| USE | Transvaal region |
| Transvaal Supergroup | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Precambrian | |
| ..Transvaal Supergroup | |
| RT | South Africa |
| Pretoria Group | |
| Malmani Subgroup | |
| transverse faults | |
|---|---|
| BT | faults |
| .transverse faults | |
| RT | orientation |
| transcurrent faults | |
| SN | Before 1978, also search faults AND transverse. |
| transverse folds | |
|---|---|
| USE | superposed folds |
| transverse isotropy | |
|---|---|
| RT | anisotropic materials |
| anisotropy | |
| isotropy | |
| layered materials | |
| seismology | |
| velocity | |
| Transverse Ranges | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .California | |
| ..Transverse Ranges | |
| RT | Northridge earthquake 1994 |
| San Gabriel Mountains | |
| San Bernardino Mountains | |
| SN | In S California. Indexed with counties as applicable. |
| transverse wave | |
|---|---|
| USE | S-waves |
| Transylvania | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Southern Europe | |
| ..Romania | |
| ...Transylvania | |
| NT | Alba-Iulia Romania |
| Almas Valley basin | |
| Aries Valley | |
| Baraolt Basin | |
| Baraolt Romania | |
| Beius Basin | |
| Bihor Mountains | |
| Bihor Romania | |
| Bistrita Romania | |
| Brad Romania | |
| Brasov Romania | |
| Calimani Mountains | |
| Cluj Romania | |
| Covasna Romania | |
| Crisana-Maramures | |
| Gurghiu Mountains | |
| Harghita Mountains | |
| Harghita Romania | |
| Hateg Romania | |
| Maramures Romania | |
| Muntii Metalici | |
| Mures Romania | |
| Padurea Craiului Mountains | |
| Persani Mountains | |
| Petrosani Basin | |
| Poiana-Rusca Mountains | |
| Retezat Mountains | |
| Rodna Mountains | |
| Rodna Romania | |
| Salaj Romania | |
| Satu Mare Romania | |
| Sebes Mountains | |
| Sebes Romania | |
| Sibiu Romania | |
| Simleu Basin | |
| Transylvanian Basin | |
| RT | Getic Nappe |
| Transylvanian Alps | |
| Fagaras Mountains | |
| Jiu River valley | |
| Olt River | |
| Olt River valley | |
| SN | Region bounded by the Carpathians on the E and the Transylvanian Alps on the S, in central and NW Romania. |
| Transylvania Basin | |
|---|---|
| USE | Transylvanian Basin |
| Transylvania County North Carolina | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .North Carolina | |
| ..Transylvania County North Carolina | |
| Transylvanian Alps | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Southern Europe | |
| ..Romania | |
| ...Transylvanian Alps | |
| NT | Vulcan Mountains |
| UF | South Carpathians |
| Southern Carpathians | |
| RT | Transylvania |
| Getic Nappe | |
| Carpathians | |
| Walachia | |
| Bucegi Mountains | |
| Paring Mountains | |
| Rodna Mountains | |
| Fagaras Mountains | |
| Retezat Mountains | |
| SN | Continuation of the Carpathians extending E-W in central Romania. Indexed with region as applicable. |
| Transylvanian Basin | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Southern Europe | |
| ..Romania | |
| ...Transylvania | |
| ....Transylvanian Basin | |
| UF | Transylvania Basin |
| Transylvanian Plain | |
| SN | Primarily a plateau. |
| Transylvanian Plain | |
|---|---|
| USE | Transylvanian Basin |
| trap rock | |
|---|---|
| USE | trap rocks |
| trap rocks | |
|---|---|
| BT | igneous rocks |
| .volcanic rocks | |
| ..basalts | |
| ...trap rocks | |
| UF | trap rock |
| RT | aggregate |
| construction materials | |
| diabase | |
| SN | For petroleum and natural gas, use traps if applicable. |
| Trap Spring Field | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Nevada | |
| ..Nye County Nevada | |
| ...Trap Spring Field | |
| RT | oil and gas fields |
| SN | Oil field in central Nevada. Added to Thesaurus in 1981. |
| Trapani Italy | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Southern Europe | |
| ..Italy | |
| ...Sicily Italy | |
| ....Trapani Italy | |
| SN | Province in W Sicily. |
| trapped particles | |
|---|---|
| SN | As of 1993, no longer a valid term for GeoRef. Usually out-of-scope. Used with magnetosphere. |
| traps | |
|---|---|
| NT | stratigraphic traps |
| structural traps | |
| RT | natural gas |
| oil and gas fields | |
| petroleum | |
| petroleum accumulation | |
| Tras-os-Montes | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Southern Europe | |
| ..Iberian Peninsula | |
| ...Portugal | |
| ....Tras-os-Montes | |
| RT | Braganca Portugal |
| Vila Real Portugal | |
| SN | Former province in NE Portugal. Now it comprises Braganca and Vila Real districts. Indexed with districts as applicable. |
| Travale | |
|---|---|
| USE | Travale Field |
| Travale Field | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Southern Europe | |
| ..Italy | |
| ...Tuscany Italy | |
| ....Travale Field | |
| UF | Travale |
| RT | geothermal fields |
| SN | Geothermal field in Tuscany, W Italy. Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| travel time | |
|---|---|
| USE | traveltime |
| traveltime | |
|---|---|
| UF | travel time |
| RT | seismology |
| elastic waves | |
| dip moveout | |
| moveout | |
| normal moveout | |
| short-period waves | |
| long-period waves | |
| traveltime curves | |
| traveltime curves | |
|---|---|
| UF | curves, traveltime |
| hodographs | |
| RT | seismology |
| elastic waves | |
| traveltime | |
| traveltime residuals | |
|---|---|
| RT | seismology |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1981. |
| Traverse County Minnesota | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Minnesota | |
| ..Traverse County Minnesota | |
| Traverse Group | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Paleozoic | |
| ...Devonian | |
| ....Traverse Group | |
| RT | Michigan |
| SN | Middle and Upper Devonian. Comprises (ascending) Belle Shale, Rockport Quarry Limestone, Ferron Point Shale, Genshaw Formation, Koehler Limestone, Gravel Point Formation, and Beebe School Formation. In S Michigan. |
| traverses | |
|---|---|
| USE | geotraverses |
| travertine | |
|---|---|
| BT | sedimentary rocks |
| .carbonate rocks | |
| ..travertine | |
| UF | calc-sinter |
| calcareous sinter | |
| RT | calcite |
| limestone | |
| chemically precipitated rocks | |
| tufa | |
| carbonate sediments | |
| Travis County Texas | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Texas | |
| ..Travis County Texas | |
| NT | Austin Texas |
| RT | Barton Springs |
| Edwards Aquifer | |
| SN | S Central Texas. |
| Travis Peak Formation | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Mesozoic | |
| ...Cretaceous | |
| ....Lower Cretaceous | |
| .....Travis Peak Formation | |
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Mesozoic | |
| ...Cretaceous | |
| ....Comanchean | |
| .....Travis Peak Formation | |
| RT | Texas |
| Trinity Group | |
| SN | In Trinity Group. S and E Texas. This term has multiple hierarchies. Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| Treasure County Montana | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Montana | |
| ..Treasure County Montana | |
| treatment | |
|---|---|
| SN | As of 1985, no longer a valid term for GeoRef. See soil treatment; water treatment. |
| tree rings | |
|---|---|
| UF | annual growth rings |
| dendrochronology | |
| rings, tree | |
| RT | geochronology |
| relative age | |
| trees | |
|---|---|
| RT | drainage patterns |
| forests | |
| networks | |
| SN | As of 1993, use tree rings, wood or fossil wood for geochronology. Use geobotanical methods for mineral exploration and Plantae for paleobotany or stratigraphy studies, respectively. This term is primarily used for ecology studies (Note added 1995.). Adde |
| Trego County Kansas | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Kansas | |
| ..Trego County Kansas | |
| SN | W central Kansas. |
| Tremadoc Bay | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Western Europe | |
| ..United Kingdom | |
| ...Great Britain | |
| ....Wales | |
| .....Tremadoc Bay | |
| RT | Merionethshire Wales |
| Caernarvonshire Wales | |
| SN | Inlet of Saint Georges Channel in Gwynedd County in NW Wales. |
| Tremadocian | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Paleozoic | |
| ...Ordovician | |
| ....Lower Ordovician | |
| .....Tremadocian | |
| NT | Halifax Formation |
| RT | San Juan Formation |
| SN | Europe. Above Dolgellian (Cambrian), below Arenigian. |
| tremolite | |
|---|---|
| BT | silicates |
| .chain silicates | |
| ..amphibole group | |
| ...clinoamphibole | |
| ....tremolite | |
| Tremp Spain | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Southern Europe | |
| ..Iberian Peninsula | |
| ...Spain | |
| ....Catalonia Spain | |
| .....Lerida Spain | |
| ......Tremp Spain | |
| SN | Town in Catalonia in W Lerida, NE Spain. |
| Trempealeau County Wisconsin | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Wisconsin | |
| ..Trempealeau County Wisconsin | |
| Trempealeauan | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Paleozoic | |
| ...Cambrian | |
| ....Upper Cambrian | |
| .....Trempealeauan | |
| SN | North America. Upper Cambrian, above Franconian, below Lower Ordovician. |
| trenching | |
|---|---|
| RT | drainage |
| dredging | |
| drilling | |
| erosion | |
| excavations | |
| hydrology | |
| pipelines | |
| sampling | |
| site exploration | |
| soil sampling | |
| engineering geology | |
| water erosion | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1995. |
| trend analysis | |
|---|---|
| USE | trend-surface analysis |
| trend surface analysis | |
|---|---|
| USE | trend-surface analysis |
| trend-surface analysis | |
|---|---|
| BT | statistical analysis |
| .trend-surface analysis | |
| UF | trend analysis |
| trend surface analysis | |
| RT | analysis |
| data processing | |
| Trent | |
|---|---|
| SN | Not a valid term for GeoRef. See Trento Italy or Trent Valley. |
| Trent Valley | |
|---|---|
| RT | England |
| North Carolina | |
| Ontario | |
| SN | River valley in central England, SE North Carolina, and SE Ontario. Also search Trent. Indexed with England, North Carolina, or Ontario as applicable. |
| Trentino | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Southern Europe | |
| ..Italy | |
| ...Trentino-Alto Adige Italy | |
| ....Trentino | |
| RT | Alto Adige |
| SN | S part of Trentino-Alto Adige autonomous region. |
| Trentino-Alto Adige Italy | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Southern Europe | |
| ..Italy | |
| ...Trentino-Alto Adige Italy | |
| NT | Alto Adige |
| Bolzano Italy | |
| Cima d'Asta | |
| Latemar Massif | |
| Predazzo Italy | |
| Trentino | |
| Trento Italy | |
| Valsugana | |
| UF | Venezia-Tridentina |
| RT | Dolomites |
| Marmolada Glacier | |
| Tauern Window | |
| Venetia | |
| Otztal Alps | |
| Zillertal Alps | |
| SN | Autonomous region in NE Italy. Formerly Venezia-Tridentina. |
| Trento Italy | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Southern Europe | |
| ..Italy | |
| ...Trentino-Alto Adige Italy | |
| ....Trento Italy | |
| RT | Tyrol Austria |
| SN | Province and city in S Trentino-Alto Adige. |
| Trenton Group | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Paleozoic | |
| ...Ordovician | |
| ....Middle Ordovician | |
| .....Trentonian | |
| ......Trenton Group | |
| RT | Virginia |
| Ohio | |
| Pennsylvania | |
| Vermont | |
| New York | |
| Georgia | |
| Michigan | |
| SN | Standard section of group comprises (ascending) Rockland Limestone, Hull Formation, Sherman Fall Formation, Cobourg Formation, Collingwood Shale, and Gloucester Shale. In Georgia, Michigan, N Ohio, New York, Vermont, and W Virginia. |
| Trenton New Jersey | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .New Jersey | |
| ..Mercer County New Jersey | |
| ...Trenton New Jersey | |
| SN | City on the Delaware River in W New Jersey. |
| Trentonian | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Paleozoic | |
| ...Ordovician | |
| ....Middle Ordovician | |
| .....Trentonian | |
| NT | Trenton Group |
| RT | Champlainian |
| SN | North America. Upper Mohawkian, above Blackriverian. |
| Trepca Mine | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Southern Europe | |
| ..Yugoslavia | |
| ...Serbia | |
| ....Kosovo-Metohija Yugoslavia | |
| .....Trepca Mine | |
| UF | Trepcha Mine |
| RT | mines |
| lead-zinc deposits | |
| Kopaonik | |
| SN | Lead-zinc deposits. Mining district in the Kosovo region of S Serbia. Also search Trepca. |
| Trepcha Mine | |
|---|---|
| USE | Trepca Mine |
| Trepostomata | |
|---|---|
| BT | Invertebrata |
| .Bryozoa | |
| ..Trepostomata | |
| Treutlen County Georgia | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Georgia | |
| ..Treutlen County Georgia | |
| trevorite | |
|---|---|
| BT | oxides |
| .trevorite | |
| RT | iron oxides |
| tria |
|---|
| Trialet Range | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Georgian Republic | |
| ..Trialet Range | |
| BT | Europe |
| .Caucasus | |
| ..Lesser Caucasus | |
| ...Trialet Range | |
| SN | N mountain range of the Lesser Caucasus in central Georgian Republic. Also search Trialet or Trialeti. This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| triangle zones | |
|---|---|
| UF | zones, triangle |
| RT | tectonics |
| decollement | |
| fold and thrust belts | |
| forelands | |
| thrust faults | |
| triangulation | |
|---|---|
| RT | cartography |
| geodesy | |
| geodetic networks | |
| geotraverses | |
| neotectonics | |
| surveys | |
| trilateration | |
| very long baseline interferometry | |
| triaxial tests | |
|---|---|
| RT | biaxial tests |
| confining pressure | |
| deformation | |
| rock mechanics | |
| soil mechanics | |
| testing | |
| uniaxial tests | |
| triazines | |
|---|---|
| BT | pesticides |
| .herbicides | |
| ..triazines | |
| NT | atrazine |
| cyanazine | |
| metribuzin | |
| simazine | |
| UF | s-triazines |
| RT | agrochemicals |
| pollutants | |
| SN | Also search s-triazine. Added to Thesaurus in 1995. |
| tributaries | |
|---|---|
| RT | drainage basins |
| drainage patterns | |
| fluvial features | |
| glacial geology | |
| glaciers | |
| rivers | |
| rivers and streams | |
| stream capture | |
| stream order | |
| streams | |
| geomorphology | |
| underground streams | |
| valleys | |
| watersheds | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1993. |
| Triceratops | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chordata |
| .Vertebrata | |
| ..Tetrapoda | |
| ...Reptilia | |
| ....Diapsida | |
| .....Archosauria | |
| ......Ornithischia | |
| .......Ceratopsia | |
| ........Ceratopsidae | |
| .........Triceratops | |
| SN | Genus. Also search Agathaumas. This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| Trichinopoly India | |
|---|---|
| USE | Tiruchirapalli India |
| trichloroethane | |
|---|---|
| BT | organic compounds |
| .halogenated hydrocarbons | |
| ..chlorinated hydrocarbons | |
| ...trichloroethane | |
| RT | DDT |
| ethane | |
| SN | Sometimes a parent compound of DDT. Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| trichloroethene | |
|---|---|
| USE | trichloroethylene |
| trichloroethylene | |
|---|---|
| BT | organic compounds |
| .halogenated hydrocarbons | |
| ..chlorinated hydrocarbons | |
| ...trichloroethylene | |
| UF | trichloroethene |
| RT | ethylene |
| SN | Produced from heating tetrachloroethane with hydrated lime. Sometimes abbreviated TCE. Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| trichloromethane | |
|---|---|
| USE | chloroform |
| Trichoptera | |
|---|---|
| BT | Invertebrata |
| .Arthropoda | |
| ..Mandibulata | |
| ...Insecta | |
| ....Pterygota | |
| .....Neoptera | |
| ......Endopterygota | |
| .......Trichoptera | |
| SN | Order. Caddis flies. |
| triclinic | |
|---|---|
| USE | triclinic system |
| triclinic system | |
|---|---|
| BT | crystal systems |
| .triclinic system | |
| UF | triclinic |
| RT | crystallography |
| SN | Before 1985, also search triclinic. Added to Thesaurus in 1985. |
| Triconodonta | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chordata |
| .Vertebrata | |
| ..Tetrapoda | |
| ...Mammalia | |
| ....Triconodonta | |
| SN | Order. |
| Tridacna | |
|---|---|
| BT | Invertebrata |
| .Mollusca | |
| ..Bivalvia | |
| ...Tridacna | |
| SN | Genus. |
| tridymite | |
|---|---|
| BT | silicates |
| .framework silicates | |
| ..silica minerals | |
| ...tridymite | |
| RT | cristobalite |
| opal-CT | |
| Trieste Italy | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Southern Europe | |
| ..Italy | |
| ...Friuli-Venezia Giulia Italy | |
| ....Trieste Italy | |
| RT | Dinaric Alps |
| SN | City at head of the Adriatic Sea on Gulf of Trieste in SE Friuli-Venezia Giulia, NE Italy. |
| Trigg County Kentucky | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Kentucky | |
| ..Trigg County Kentucky | |
| triggering | |
|---|---|
| SN | Not a valid term for GeoRef. Use causes if applicable. |
| Trigonia | |
|---|---|
| BT | Invertebrata |
| .Mollusca | |
| ..Bivalvia | |
| ...Trigoniidae | |
| ....Trigonia | |
| SN | Genus. |
| Trigoniidae | |
|---|---|
| BT | Invertebrata |
| .Mollusca | |
| ..Bivalvia | |
| ...Trigoniidae | |
| NT | Trigonia |
| trilate |
|---|
| trilateration | |
|---|---|
| RT | cartography |
| geodesy | |
| geodetic coordinates | |
| leveling | |
| triangulation | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1985. |
| Trilobita | |
|---|---|
| BT | Invertebrata |
| .Arthropoda | |
| ..Trilobitomorpha | |
| ...Trilobita | |
| NT | Agnostida |
| Corynexochida | |
| Lichida | |
| Odontopleurida | |
| Phacopida | |
| Ptychopariida | |
| Redlichiida | |
| RT | Crustacea |
| Cruziana | |
| Rusophycus | |
| Trilobitoidea | |
| SN | Class. |
| Trilobitoidea | |
|---|---|
| BT | Invertebrata |
| .Arthropoda | |
| ..Trilobitomorpha | |
| ...Trilobitoidea | |
| RT | Trilobita |
| SN | Class. |
| Trilobitomorpha | |
|---|---|
| BT | Invertebrata |
| .Arthropoda | |
| ..Trilobitomorpha | |
| NT | Trilobita |
| Trilobitoidea | |
| Trilophosauria | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chordata |
| .Vertebrata | |
| ..Tetrapoda | |
| ...Reptilia | |
| ....Diapsida | |
| .....Trilophosauria | |
| RT | Araeoscelidia |
| SN | Includes the family Trilophosauridae. As of 1993, considered a narrower term of Archosauromorpha. |
| Trimble County Kentucky | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Kentucky | |
| ..Trimble County Kentucky | |
| Trinidad | |
|---|---|
| BT | Caribbean region |
| .West Indies | |
| ..Antilles | |
| ...Lesser Antilles | |
| ....Trinidad and Tobago | |
| .....Trinidad | |
| RT | Carapita Formation |
| Northern Range | |
| SN | Island off NE coast of Venezuela in the Lesser Antilles. Major part of independent state of Trinidad and Tobago. |
| Trinidad and Tobago | |
|---|---|
| BT | Caribbean region |
| .West Indies | |
| ..Antilles | |
| ...Lesser Antilles | |
| ....Trinidad and Tobago | |
| NT | Tobago |
| Trinidad | |
| RT | Northern Range |
| SN | Comprises the islands of Trinidad and Tobago, Atlantic Ocean, off NE coast of Venezuela. |
| Trinity Complex | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .California | |
| ..Trinity Complex | |
| RT | Klamath Mountains |
| Trinity County California | |
| Shasta County California | |
| Siskiyou County California | |
| SN | Klamath Mountains, N California. Also search Trinity AND (ophiolite or peridotites) if applicable. Indexed with county as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1993. |
| Trinity County California | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .California | |
| ..Trinity County California | |
| RT | Eel River |
| Trinity River | |
| Trinity Complex | |
| SN | N California. |
| Trinity County Texas | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Texas | |
| ..Trinity County Texas | |
| SN | E Texas. |
| Trinity Group | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Mesozoic | |
| ...Cretaceous | |
| ....Lower Cretaceous | |
| .....Trinity Group | |
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Mesozoic | |
| ...Cretaceous | |
| ....Comanchean | |
| .....Trinity Group | |
| RT | Louisiana |
| Oklahoma | |
| Texas | |
| Antlers Sands | |
| Arkansas | |
| Glen Rose Formation | |
| Paluxy Formation | |
| Pearsall Formation | |
| Rodessa Formation | |
| Travis Peak Formation | |
| SN | Lower Cretaceous. Subdivided into (ascending) Pearsall, Rodessa, Ferry Lake, and Rusk time-stratigraphic units. In SW Arkansas, NW Louisiana, central S and SE Oklahoma, and Texas. This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| Trinity River | |
|---|---|
| RT | Humboldt County California |
| Trinity County California | |
| California | |
| Texas | |
| Trinity River basin | |
| SN | Flows into Trinity Bay off Galveston Bay on the Gulf of Mexico in E Texas. Also a river in Humboldt and Trinity counties, NW California. Search Trinity River in combination with appropriate state. Indexed with states and counties as applicable. |
| Trinity River basin | |
|---|---|
| RT | Trinity River |
| California | |
| Texas | |
| SN | E Texas and NW California. Search in combination with appropriate state. Indexed with states as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| triphylite | |
|---|---|
| BT | phosphates |
| .triphylite | |
| triple junctions | |
|---|---|
| RT | Chile Margin Triple Junction |
| Mendocino fracture zone | |
| plate geometry | |
| Rodriguez triple junction | |
| plate tectonics | |
| triplite | |
|---|---|
| BT | halides |
| .fluorides | |
| ..triplite | |
| BT | phosphates |
| .triplite | |
| SN | This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| tripoli | |
|---|---|
| BT | sedimentary rocks |
| .tripoli | |
| RT | abrasives |
| diatomite | |
| limestone | |
| chert | |
| diatomaceous earth | |
| SN | Not to be used for diatomaceous earth or diatomite. For use as a commodity, see abrasives in list C. Added to Thesaurus in 1995. |
| Tripoli Libya | |
|---|---|
| BT | Africa |
| .North Africa | |
| ..Libya | |
| ...Tripoli Libya | |
| SN | City on the Mediterranean Sea in NW Libya. |
| Tripolis Greece | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Southern Europe | |
| ..Greece | |
| ...Peloponnesus Greece | |
| ....Tripolis Greece | |
| RT | Gavrovo Zone |
| SN | City in central Peloponnesus, S Greece. |
| Tripolitania | |
|---|---|
| BT | Africa |
| .North Africa | |
| ..Libya | |
| ...Tripolitania | |
| RT | Garian Libya |
| SN | NW part of country which was a province until 1963. Under the Italians, it was a major province covering the entire W part of colony. |
| tripolite | |
|---|---|
| USE | diatomaceous earth |
| Tripp County South Dakota | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .South Dakota | |
| ..Tripp County South Dakota | |
| Tripura India | |
|---|---|
| BT | Asia |
| .Indian Peninsula | |
| ..India | |
| ...Northeastern India | |
| ....Tripura India | |
| RT | Bengal |
| SN | State E of Bangladesh in NE India. |
| Tristan da Cunha | |
|---|---|
| BT | Atlantic Ocean Islands |
| .Tristan da Cunha | |
| NT | Gough Island |
| UF | Tristan da Cunha Islands |
| RT | Saint Helena |
| SN | A group of 5 British volcanic islands in the central South Atlantic Ocean. Also the name of the main island of the group. Dependencies of Saint Helena. |
| Tristan da Cunha Islands | |
|---|---|
| USE | Tristan da Cunha |
| triterpanes | |
|---|---|
| BT | organic compounds |
| .hydrocarbons | |
| ..triterpanes | |
| NT | gammacerane |
| hopanoids | |
| oleananes | |
| RT | biomarkers |
| diterpanes | |
| terpanes | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1985. |
| triterpenoids | |
|---|---|
| BT | organic compounds |
| .isoprenoids | |
| ..triterpenoids | |
| RT | biomarkers |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1995. |
| Triticites | |
|---|---|
| BT | microfossils |
| .Fusulinina | |
| ..Fusulinidae | |
| ...Triticites | |
| NT | Triticites ventricosus |
| SN | Genus. This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| Triticites ventricosus | |
|---|---|
| BT | microfossils |
| .Fusulinina | |
| ..Fusulinidae | |
| ...Triticites | |
| ....Triticites ventricosus | |
| SN | This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| tritium | |
|---|---|
| BT | isotopes |
| .radioactive isotopes | |
| ..tritium | |
| BT | hydrogen |
| .tritium | |
| UF | H-3 |
| RT | absolute age |
| SN | This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| Triton Satellite | |
|---|---|
| RT | icy satellites |
| Neptune | |
| Nereid Satellite | |
| satellites | |
| Voyager Program | |
| SN | One of satellites of Neptune. Before 1989, also search Triton AND Neptune. Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| Trivandrum India | |
|---|---|
| BT | Asia |
| .Indian Peninsula | |
| ..India | |
| ...Kerala India | |
| ....Trivandrum India | |
| SN | Kerala, SW India. |
| TRM | |
|---|---|
| USE | thermoremanent magnetization |
| Trochammina | |
|---|---|
| BT | Invertebrata |
| .Protista | |
| ..Foraminifera | |
| ...Textulariina | |
| ....Lituolacea | |
| .....Trochammina | |
| RT | microfossils |
| SN | Genus. Indexed with microfossils if applicable. |
| troctolite | |
|---|---|
| BT | igneous rocks |
| .plutonic rocks | |
| ..gabbros | |
| ...troctolite | |
| Troia | |
|---|---|
| USE | Troy |
| troilite | |
|---|---|
| BT | sulfides |
| .troilite | |
| RT | meteorites |
| pyrrhotite | |
| Troja | |
|---|---|
| USE | Troy |
| Troll Field | |
|---|---|
| BT | Atlantic Ocean |
| .North Atlantic | |
| ..North Sea | |
| ...Troll Field | |
| RT | oil and gas fields |
| giant fields | |
| SN | Giant field, Horda Platform, 60 km offshore Norway, NE North Sea. |
| Trompia Valley | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Southern Europe | |
| ..Italy | |
| ...Lombardy Italy | |
| ....Trompia Valley | |
| SN | Valley of upper Mella River in E Lombardy, N Italy. |
| Troms Norway | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Western Europe | |
| ..Scandinavia | |
| ...Norway | |
| ....Troms Norway | |
| NT | Lyngen Peninsula |
| RT | Vesteralen |
| Lapland | |
| SN | County in far N Norway. |
| trona | |
|---|---|
| BT | carbonates |
| .trona | |
| RT | sodium carbonate |
| Searles Lake | |
| SN | May be used as a commodity term with sodium carbonate. |
| Trona California | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .California | |
| ..San Bernardino County California | |
| ...Trona California | |
| RT | Searles Lake |
| SN | Village in Mojave Desert of S California. |
| Trondelag | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Western Europe | |
| ..Scandinavia | |
| ...Norway | |
| ....Trondelag | |
| RT | Nord-Trondelag Norway |
| Sor-Trondelag Norway | |
| SN | Region in central part of country between Norwegian Sea and Swedish border around Trondheim Fjord. Indexed with counties as applicable. |
| Trondheim Norway | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Western Europe | |
| ..Scandinavia | |
| ...Norway | |
| ....Sor-Trondelag Norway | |
| .....Trondheim Norway | |
| SN | City on the Norwegian Sea. |
| trondhjemite | |
|---|---|
| BT | igneous rocks |
| .plutonic rocks | |
| ..diorites | |
| ...trondhjemite | |
| RT | plagiogranite |
| Troodos Massif | |
|---|---|
| BT | Asia |
| .Middle East | |
| ..Cyprus | |
| ...Troodos Massif | |
| UF | Troodos Mountain |
| Troodos Mountains | |
| RT | Agrokipia Deposit |
| Troodos Ophiolite | |
| SN | Mountainous mass SW of Nicosia which includes Mount Troodos, the highest peak on the island. |
| Troodos Mountain | |
|---|---|
| USE | Troodos Massif |
| Troodos Mountains | |
|---|---|
| USE | Troodos Massif |
| Troodos Ophiolite | |
|---|---|
| RT | Agrokipia Deposit |
| Cyprus | |
| Middle East | |
| Troodos Massif | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| trophic analysis | |
|---|---|
| RT | biomass |
| carnivorous taxa | |
| communities | |
| diet | |
| ecology | |
| ecosystems | |
| feeding | |
| nutrition | |
| paleoecology | |
| paleontology | |
| predation | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1985. |
| tropical | |
|---|---|
| SN | A valid term through 1977. After 1977, use tropical environment. |
| tropical environment | |
|---|---|
| RT | climate |
| depositional environment | |
| ecology | |
| equatorial region | |
| paleoclimatology | |
| rain forests | |
| subtropical environment | |
| SN | Before 1978, search tropical. |
| troposphere | |
|---|---|
| RT | atmosphere |
| climate | |
| stratosphere | |
| SN | Usually out-of-scope. Used with atmosphere. |
| Trotus Valley | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Moldavia | |
| ..Trotus Valley | |
| BT | Europe |
| .Southern Europe | |
| ..Romania | |
| ...Trotus Valley | |
| SN | River valley SSW of Bacau in W Moldavia. Also search Trotus; Trotus River. This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| Trou Sans Fond | |
|---|---|
| BT | Atlantic Ocean |
| .North Atlantic | |
| ..Trou Sans Fond | |
| UF | Le Trou Sans Fond |
| Trou-Sans-Fond | |
| RT | submarine canyons |
| Ivory Coast | |
| SN | Submarine canyon off SW Nigeria in the Bight of Benin. |
| Trou-Sans-Fond | |
|---|---|
| USE | Trou Sans Fond |
| troughs | |
|---|---|
| RT | aulacogens |
| bottom features | |
| channels | |
| furrows | |
| gorges | |
| ocean floors | |
| trenches | |
| Troup County Georgia | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Georgia | |
| ..Troup County Georgia | |
| Trousdale County Tennessee | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Tennessee | |
| ..Trousdale County Tennessee | |
| SN | N Tennessee. |
| Troy | |
|---|---|
| BT | Asia |
| .Middle East | |
| ..Turkey | |
| ...Troy | |
| UF | Ilion |
| Ilium | |
| Troia | |
| Troja | |
| SN | Ancient ruined city. An archeological site, named Hissarlik, on the Menderes River S of the Dardanelles in NW Anatolia. |
| Trucial Coast | |
|---|---|
| USE | United Arab Emirates |
| SN | A 350 mile section of S Persian Gulf littoral extending from Qatar to Ruus al Jubal. Often formerly used interchangeably with Trucial Oman and Trucial States. |
| Trucial Oman | |
|---|---|
| USE | United Arab Emirates |
| SN | Former name of 7 British protected states on the Trucial Coast. |
| Truckee River | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Truckee River | |
| RT | California |
| Nevada | |
| SN | Rises in Lake Tahoe in E California and flows NE and E into Pyramid Lake in NW Nevada. Also search Truckee. Indexed with counties and states as applicable. |
| Trujillo Venezuela | |
|---|---|
| BT | South America |
| .Venezuela | |
| ..Trujillo Venezuela | |
| RT | Lake Maracaibo |
| Maracaibo Basin | |
| SN | State in NW Venezuela. |
| Trumbull County Ohio | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Ohio | |
| ..Trumbull County Ohio | |
| SN | NE Ohio. |
| Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands | |
|---|---|
| SN | Not a valid term for GeoRef. U.S. trust territory. As of 1993, see Micronesia, or Caroline Islands, Marshall Islands, or Mariana Islands for the Northern Mariana Islands as applicable. |
| Truth or Consequences New Mexico | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .New Mexico | |
| ..Sierra County New Mexico | |
| ...Truth or Consequences New Mexico | |
| SN | Town in SW New Mexico. |
| Trypanites | |
|---|---|
| BT | ichnofossils |
| .Trypanites | |
| SN | Genus. |
| Tsaidam Basin | |
|---|---|
| USE | Qaidam Basin |
| Tsarev Meteorite | |
|---|---|
| BT | meteorites |
| .stony meteorites | |
| ..chondrites | |
| ...L chondrites | |
| ....Tsarev Meteorite | |
| RT | Russian Platform |
| Volgograd Russian Federation | |
| Voronezh-Volga Anteclise | |
| SN | Impact in Voronezh-Volga Anteclise in the former USSR. Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| Tsaritsyn Russian Federation | |
|---|---|
| USE | Volgograd Russian Federation |
| tschermakite | |
|---|---|
| BT | silicates |
| .chain silicates | |
| ..amphibole group | |
| ...clinoamphibole | |
| ....tschermakite | |
| Tschernobyl Ukraine | |
|---|---|
| USE | Chernobyl Ukraine |
| Tschernosem | |
|---|---|
| USE | Chernozems |
| Tschernosiom | |
|---|---|
| USE | Chernozems |
| Tsinghai China | |
|---|---|
| USE | Qinghai China |
| Tsuga | |
|---|---|
| BT | Plantae |
| .Spermatophyta | |
| ..Gymnospermae | |
| ...Coniferales | |
| ....Tsuga | |
| SN | Genus. |
| Tsugaru Strait | |
|---|---|
| BT | Asia |
| .Far East | |
| ..Japan | |
| ...Tsugaru Strait | |
| RT | Honshu |
| Oshima Peninsula | |
| Northwest Pacific | |
| Japan Sea | |
| Hokkaido | |
| SN | Channel between islands of Honshu and Hokkaido connecting the Pacific Ocean with the Japan Sea. Also search Tsugaru. Indexed with islands and Japan Sea as applicable. |
| Tsumeb Namibia | |
|---|---|
| BT | Africa |
| .Southern Africa | |
| ..Namibia | |
| ...Tsumeb Namibia | |
| SN | Mineral-collecting locality and mining center in N Namibia. |
| tsunamis | |
|---|---|
| UF | earthquake sea wave |
| seismic sea waves | |
| seismic surge | |
| tidal wave | |
| RT | seismology |
| earthquakes | |
| waves | |
| geologic hazards | |
| surges | |
| ocean waves | |
| catastrophic waves | |
| Tsushima | |
|---|---|
| BT | Asia |
| .Far East | |
| ..Japan | |
| ...Kyushu | |
| ....Tsushima | |
| RT | Taishu Group |
| SN | Island off NW Kyushu. |
| Tuamotu Islands | |
|---|---|
| BT | Oceania |
| .Polynesia | |
| ..French Polynesia | |
| ...Tuamotu Islands | |
| NT | Mururoa Atoll |
| UF | Dangerous Islands |
| Low Archipelago | |
| RT | DSDP Site 318 |
| Tahiti | |
| SN | Group of about 80 small islands in French Polynesia E of Society Islands and S of Marquesas Islands. Also search Tuamotu. |
| Tuapse Russian Federation | |
|---|---|
| BT | Commonwealth of Independent States |
| .Russian Federation | |
| ..Krasnodar Russian Federation | |
| ...Tuapse Russian Federation | |
| SN | City on the Black Sea in S Krasnodar Kray in the Northern Caucasus. Before 1993, Tuapse Russian Republic was also used. This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| Tuar-Kyr Turkmenia | |
|---|---|
| BT | Asia |
| .Turkmenia | |
| ..Tuar-Kyr Turkmenia | |
| UF | Tuarkyr Turkmenia |
| SN | Village near Kara-Bogaz-Gol Gulf in W Turkmenia. This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| Tuarkyr Turkmenia | |
|---|---|
| USE | Tuar-Kyr Turkmenia |
| Tubarao Group | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Paleozoic | |
| ...upper Paleozoic | |
| ....Tubarao Group | |
| RT | Carboniferous |
| Lower Permian | |
| Brazil | |
| Argentina | |
| Sao Paulo Brazil | |
| Uruguay | |
| SN | Indexed with specific age or ages as applicable. |
| tube waves | |
|---|---|
| BT | elastic waves |
| .seismic waves | |
| ..surface waves | |
| ...tube waves | |
| RT | acoustical logging |
| seismic logging | |
| waves | |
| seismic methods | |
| boreholes | |
| SN | Used in acoustical logging. Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| tubes, lava | |
|---|---|
| USE | lava tubes |
| Tubiphytes | |
|---|---|
| BT | microfossils |
| .problematic microfossils | |
| ..Tubiphytes | |
| SN | Genus. This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| Tuboidea | |
|---|---|
| BT | Graptolithina |
| .Tuboidea | |
| RT | Invertebrata |
| Hemichordata | |
| SN | Indexed with Hemichordata or Invertebrata if applicable. |
| Tubuai Islands | |
|---|---|
| USE | Austral Islands |
| Tubulidentata | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chordata |
| .Vertebrata | |
| ..Tetrapoda | |
| ...Mammalia | |
| ....Theria | |
| .....Eutheria | |
| ......Tubulidentata | |
| SN | Order. |
| Tucano Basin | |
|---|---|
| BT | South America |
| .Brazil | |
| ..Bahia Brazil | |
| ...Tucano Basin | |
| SN | NE Bahia state. Also search Tucano. |
| Tucker County West Virginia | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .West Virginia | |
| ..Tucker County West Virginia | |
| Tucson Arizona | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Arizona | |
| ..Pima County Arizona | |
| ...Tucson Arizona | |
| SN | City in SE Arizona. |
| Tucson Basin | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Arizona | |
| ..Tucson Basin | |
| SN | S Arizona. Indexed with counties as applicable. |
| Tucson Mountains | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Arizona | |
| ..Pima County Arizona | |
| ...Tucson Mountains | |
| SN | W of Tucson in Pima County. |
| Tucuman Argentina | |
|---|---|
| BT | South America |
| .Argentina | |
| ..Tucuman Argentina | |
| UF | Tucuman Province |
| RT | Pampean Mountains |
| SN | Province in NW Argentina. |
| Tucuman Province | |
|---|---|
| USE | Tucuman Argentina |
| Tucumcari Basin | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .New Mexico | |
| ..Tucumcari Basin | |
| SN | E New Mexico. Indexed with counties as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| Tucumcari New Mexico | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .New Mexico | |
| ..Quay County New Mexico | |
| ...Tucumcari New Mexico | |
| SN | City in NE New Mexico. |
| tufa | |
|---|---|
| BT | sedimentary rocks |
| .chemically precipitated rocks | |
| ..tufa | |
| UF | calc-tufa |
| calcareous tufa | |
| petrified moss | |
| tophus | |
| tuft | |
| RT | calcite |
| carbonate rocks | |
| travertine | |
| carbonate sediments | |
| tuff lava | |
|---|---|
| USE | welded tuff |
| tuffite | |
|---|---|
| BT | igneous rocks |
| .volcanic rocks | |
| ..pyroclastics | |
| ...tuffite | |
| RT | tuff |
| tuft | |
|---|---|
| USE | tufa |
| Tugela Basin | |
|---|---|
| BT | Africa |
| .Southern Africa | |
| ..South Africa | |
| ...KwaZulu-Natal South Africa | |
| ....Tugela Basin | |
| SN | River basin in central KwaZulu-Natal. Also search Tugela; Tugela River. |
| tugtupite | |
|---|---|
| BT | silicates |
| .framework silicates | |
| ..sodalite group | |
| ...tugtupite | |
| Tuimazy Russian Federation | |
|---|---|
| USE | Tuymazy Russian Federation |
| Tuktoyaktuk Peninsula | |
|---|---|
| BT | Canada |
| .Western Canada | |
| ..Mackenzie District Northwest Territories | |
| ...Tuktoyaktuk Peninsula | |
| SN | Extends into the Beaufort Sea E of the Mackenzie River delta in Mackenzie District. Also search Tuktoyaktuk. This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| Tula Russian Federation | |
|---|---|
| BT | Commonwealth of Independent States |
| .Russian Federation | |
| ..Tula Russian Federation | |
| BT | Europe |
| .Tula Russian Federation | |
| NT | Chekalin Russian Federation |
| SN | Oblast and city S of Moscow. Before 1993, Tula Russian Republic was also used. This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| Tulameen coal area | |
|---|---|
| BT | Canada |
| .Western Canada | |
| ..British Columbia | |
| ...Tulameen coal area | |
| RT | coal fields |
| SN | S British Columbia. |
| Tulare County California | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .California | |
| ..Tulare County California | |
| RT | Golden Trout Wilderness |
| SN | S central California. |
| Tulare Formation | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Cenozoic | |
| ...Tulare Formation | |
| RT | Pliocene |
| Pleistocene | |
| California | |
| SN | Pliocene and Pleistocene (?). Consists primarily of sandstone and conglomerate. In Southern California. Indexed with age as applicable. |
| Tularosa Basin | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .New Mexico | |
| ..Tularosa Basin | |
| SN | S New Mexico. Indexed with counties as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| Tulcea Romania | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Southern Europe | |
| ..Romania | |
| ...Tulcea Romania | |
| RT | Romanian Dobruja |
| Sulina Romania | |
| SN | County including the city in the Danube Delta area in N Romanian Dobruja, SE Romania. |
| Tulear Basin | |
|---|---|
| BT | Africa |
| .Madagascar | |
| ..Tulear Basin | |
| SN | Before 1978, also search Tulear. This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| Tulghes Series | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Paleozoic | |
| ...Tulghes Series | |
| RT | Romania |
| Eastern Carpathians | |
| Tullock Member | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Cenozoic | |
| ...Paleogene | |
| ....Paleocene | |
| .....Tullock Member | |
| RT | Wyoming |
| Montana | |
| North Dakota | |
| South Dakota | |
| Fort Union Formation | |
| SN | In Fort Union Formation. E Montana, SW North Dakota, N South Dakota and Wyoming. Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| Tully Limestone | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Paleozoic | |
| ...Devonian | |
| ....Middle Devonian | |
| .....Tully Limestone | |
| RT | Pennsylvania |
| New York | |
| SN | In Susquehanna Group. Divided into several members in different areas: Apulia, Laurens, New Lisbon, Tinkers Falls, and West Brook. |
| Tulsa County Oklahoma | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Oklahoma | |
| ..Tulsa County Oklahoma | |
| NT | Tulsa Oklahoma |
| SN | NE central Oklahoma. |
| Tulsa Oklahoma | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Oklahoma | |
| ..Tulsa County Oklahoma | |
| ...Tulsa Oklahoma | |
| SN | City on Arkansas River in NE Oklahoma. |
| Tulufan Basin | |
|---|---|
| USE | Turpan Basin |
| tundra | |
|---|---|
| RT | ecology |
| landforms | |
| landscapes | |
| palsas | |
| permafrost | |
| plains | |
| revegetation | |
| soils | |
| taiga environment | |
| geomorphology | |
| Tundra soils | |
|---|---|
| BT | soils |
| .Tundra soils | |
| RT | permafrost |
| soil group | |
| Zonal soils | |
| Tunganoxie Sandstone Member | |
|---|---|
| USE | Tonganoxie Sandstone |
| tungstates | |
|---|---|
| NT | ferberite |
| scheelite | |
| stolzite | |
| wolframite | |
| RT | minerals |
| molybdates | |
| tungsten | |
|---|---|
| BT | metals |
| .tungsten | |
| RT | tungsten ores |
| SN | Chemical element. Use tungsten ores for tungsten as a commodity. Also search wolfram. |
| tungsten ores | |
|---|---|
| BT | metal ores |
| .tungsten ores | |
| RT | scheelite |
| tungsten | |
| wolframite | |
| SN | Commodity. See List C. |
| tungstenite | |
|---|---|
| BT | sulfides |
| .tungstenite | |
| Tunguska | |
|---|---|
| BT | Commonwealth of Independent States |
| .Russian Federation | |
| ..Siberian Platform | |
| ...Tunguska | |
| RT | Angara River |
| Tunguska River | |
| impact features | |
| Stony Tunguska River | |
| Lower Tunguska River | |
| SN | In GeoRef indexing, this term is used to indicate a general area. Name of three rivers flowing into the Yenisei River in central Siberia: the Lower Tunguska River, Stony Tunguska River, and the lower course of the Angara River which was called the Upper T |
| Tunguska Basin | |
|---|---|
| BT | Commonwealth of Independent States |
| .Russian Federation | |
| ..Tunguska Basin | |
| BT | Asia |
| .Tunguska Basin | |
| RT | coal fields |
| Siberia | |
| Tunguska Syneclise | |
| SN | Large coal basin in central Siberia between the Yenisei River and the Lena River in an area drained by the lower Angara River (also called the Upper Tunguska), the Stony Tunguska River, and the Lower Tunguska River. This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| Tunguska River | |
|---|---|
| BT | Commonwealth of Independent States |
| .Russian Federation | |
| ..Tunguska River | |
| BT | Asia |
| .Tunguska River | |
| RT | Angara River |
| Tunguska | |
| Stony Tunguska River | |
| Lower Tunguska River | |
| SN | Tributary of the Amur River in the Soviet Far East near Khabarovsk. Not to be confused with the Lower Tunguska River, Stony Tunguska River, and Angara River (Upper Tunguska) rivers that drain into the Yenisei River in central Siberia. This term has multip |
| Tunguska Series | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Paleozoic | |
| ...upper Paleozoic | |
| ....Tunguska Series | |
| RT | Russian Federation |
| SN | Composed of 2 sections (ascending): productive section with coal beds and a section of tufa containing intercalary beds of normal sedimentary rock. In Tunguska Basin of central Siberia. |
| Tunguska Syncline | |
|---|---|
| USE | Tunguska Syneclise |
| Tunguska Syneclise | |
|---|---|
| BT | Commonwealth of Independent States |
| .Russian Federation | |
| ..Tunguska Syneclise | |
| BT | Asia |
| .Tunguska Syneclise | |
| UF | Tunguska Syncline |
| RT | Siberia |
| Tunguska Basin | |
| SN | The Tunguska Basin area in central Siberia. This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| Tunica County Mississippi | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Mississippi | |
| ..Tunica County Mississippi | |
| Tunis Tunisia | |
|---|---|
| BT | Africa |
| .North Africa | |
| ..Tunisia | |
| ...Tunis Tunisia | |
| SN | City on the Gulf of Tunis in N Tunisia. |
| tunne |
|---|
| tunnel boring machines | |
|---|---|
| RT | instruments |
| engineering geology | |
| tunnels | |
| SN | Sometimes abbreviated as TBM. Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| tunnel erosion | |
|---|---|
| USE | piping |
| tunnels | |
|---|---|
| RT | construction |
| design | |
| excavations | |
| feasibility studies | |
| foundations | |
| geologic hazards | |
| highways | |
| land subsidence | |
| mining | |
| New Austrian Tunnelling Method | |
| Poisson's ratio | |
| railroads | |
| rock mechanics | |
| seepage | |
| seismic response | |
| site exploration | |
| slope stability | |
| soil mechani | |
| SN | Used for geological studies on man-made tunnels. For biogenic structures, see burrows or borings. Also see caves. |
| Tunsbergdalsbreen | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Western Europe | |
| ..Scandinavia | |
| ...Norway | |
| ....Tunsbergdalsbreen | |
| SN | Glacier emanating from larger Jostedalsbreen Glacier in W Norway. |
| Tununk Member | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Mesozoic | |
| ...Cretaceous | |
| ....Upper Cretaceous | |
| .....Tununk Member | |
| RT | Utah |
| Colorado | |
| Arizona | |
| Frontier Formation | |
| Mancos Shale | |
| SN | In Mancos Shale. Shale member is in the Frontier Formation of the Mancos Shale. Utah, Colorado, and Arizona. Added to Thesaurus in 1995. |
| Tuolumne County California | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .California | |
| ..Tuolumne County California | |
| RT | Table Mountain |
| Yosemite National Park | |
| SN | E central California. |
| Tura Formation | |
|---|---|
| RT | Eocene |
| India | |
| Russian Federation | |
| Upper Silurian | |
| SN | Eocene of the Assam region, NE India. Also in the Russian Federation, the Tura Series is Upper Silurian; it occurs in Central Urals and Siberian Lowland. Also search Tura. Indexed with age as applicable. |
| Turan | |
|---|---|
| BT | Asia |
| .Turan | |
| BT | Commonwealth of Independent States |
| .Turan | |
| RT | Kazakhstan |
| Uzbekistan | |
| Turkmenia | |
| SN | Desert lowland N, S, and SE of the Aral Sea. This term has multiple hierarchies. Indexed with former Soviet republics as applicable. |
| Turania |
|---|
| Turanian Platform | |
|---|---|
| BT | Asia |
| .Turanian Platform | |
| BT | Commonwealth of Independent States |
| .Turanian Platform | |
| RT | Kazakhstan |
| Uzbekistan | |
| Turkmenia | |
| Central Asia | |
| SN | Extends from the Caspian Sea on the W to the Tien Shan in the E. This term has multiple hierarchies. Indexed with former Soviet republics as applicable. |
| turbidite | |
|---|---|
| UF | meta-turbidite |
| metaturbidite | |
| RT | sedimentary rocks |
| clastic sediments | |
| sediments | |
| clastic rocks | |
| terrigenous materials | |
| Bouma sequence | |
| turbidity current structures | |
| laminite | |
| host rocks | |
| turbidity currents | |
| metasedimentary rocks | |
| SN | See lists I and J and N. Index clastic rocks, metasedimentary rocks, or clastic sediments as applicable. |
| turbidity | |
|---|---|
| RT | aerosols |
| meteorology | |
| suspended materials | |
| water quality | |
| turbidity currents | |
|---|---|
| BT | currents |
| .turbidity currents | |
| UF | suspension current |
| RT | sedimentation |
| submarine canyons | |
| sediment transport | |
| turbidity current structures | |
| turbidite | |
| HEBBLE | |
| submarine fans | |
| density currents | |
| turbulence | |
|---|---|
| RT | boundary layer |
| critical flow | |
| HEBBLE | |
| meteorology | |
| ocean circulation | |
| oceanography | |
| vorticity | |
| waterways | |
| Turfan Basin | |
|---|---|
| USE | Turpan Basin |
| Turgai Basin | |
|---|---|
| USE | Turgay Basin |
| Turgai Downwarp | |
|---|---|
| USE | Turgay Basin |
| Turgai Gates | |
|---|---|
| USE | Turgay Basin |
| Turgai Kazakhstan | |
|---|---|
| USE | Turgay Kazakhstan |
| Turgay Basin | |
|---|---|
| BT | Asia |
| .Central Asia | |
| ..Turgay Basin | |
| UF | Turgai Basin |
| Turgai Downwarp | |
| Turgai Gates | |
| RT | Kazakhstan |
| SN | An elongated depression joining the Turan Lowland and Siberian Lowland. |
| Turgay Kazakhstan | |
|---|---|
| BT | Commonwealth of Independent States |
| .Kazakhstan | |
| ..Turgay Kazakhstan | |
| UF | Turgai Kazakhstan |
| SN | Oblast and village NE of Aral Sea in central Kazakhstan. This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| Turin Italy | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Southern Europe | |
| ..Italy | |
| ...Piemonte Italy | |
| ....Turin Italy | |
| UF | Torino Italy |
| SN | Province and city in W central Piemonte, NW Italy. |
| Turkana Basin | |
|---|---|
| BT | Africa |
| .East Africa | |
| ..Turkana Basin | |
| RT | Ethiopia |
| Sudan | |
| Kenya | |
| Lake Turkana | |
| East Turkana Basin | |
| SN | Indexed with countries as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| Turkana District | |
|---|---|
| BT | Africa |
| .East Africa | |
| ..Kenya | |
| ...Turkana District | |
| SN | Administrative district W of Lake Turkana (Rudolf) in NW Kenya. |
| Turkestan | |
|---|---|
| BT | Asia |
| .Turkestan | |
| UF | Turkistan |
| RT | Afghanistan |
| Tajikistan | |
| Kazakhstan | |
| Kyrgyzstan | |
| Uzbekistan | |
| Xinjiang China | |
| Turkmenia | |
| Central Asia | |
| SN | Region including S Kazakhstan and the rest of former Soviet Central Asia, plus a small section of NE Afghanistan and W and SW Xinjiang. Indexed with Afghanistan, Xinjiang China, and Central Asian republics as applicable. |
| Turkestan Range | |
|---|---|
| BT | Asia |
| .Tajikistan | |
| ..Turkestan Range | |
| SN | W Tajikistan. This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| Turkish Aegean region | |
|---|---|
| BT | Asia |
| .Middle East | |
| ..Turkey | |
| ...Turkish Aegean region | |
| RT | Aegean Islands |
| SN | Also index Aegean Islands if applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1981. |
| Turkistan | |
|---|---|
| USE | Turkestan |
| Turkmenia | |
|---|---|
| BT | Asia |
| .Turkmenia | |
| BT | Commonwealth of Independent States |
| .Turkmenia | |
| NT | Ashkhabad Turkmenia |
| Badkhyz | |
| Balkhan | |
| Chardzhou Turkmenia | |
| Cheleken Peninsula | |
| Kara-Bogaz Gulf | |
| Kara-Bogaz-Gol Turkmenia | |
| Karakum | |
| Kopet-Dag Range | |
| Kurt Turkmenia | |
| Tuar-Kyr Turkmenia | |
| UF | Turkmenistan |
| RT | Amu Darya |
| Amu Darya Basin | |
| Murgab Basin | |
| Turkestan | |
| Aral region | |
| Central Asia | |
| Caspian Basin | |
| Ustyurt | |
| Turanian Platform | |
| Turan | |
| SN | Republic. Formerly the Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic in Soviet Central Asia. This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| Turkmenistan | |
|---|---|
| USE | Turkmenia |
| Turku Finland | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Western Europe | |
| ..Scandinavia | |
| ...Finland | |
| ....Western Finland Province | |
| .....Turku Finland | |
| UF | Abo Finland |
| SN | Port city in SW Finland. |
| Turnagain Arm | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Alaska | |
| ..Southern Alaska | |
| ...Turnagain Arm | |
| RT | Cook Inlet |
| SN | Arm of Cook Inlet, S Alaska. Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| Turner County Georgia | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Georgia | |
| ..Turner County Georgia | |
| Turner County South Dakota | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .South Dakota | |
| ..Turner County South Dakota | |
| Turnyauz Russian Federation | |
|---|---|
| USE | Tyrny-Auz Russian Federation |
| Turolian | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Cenozoic | |
| ...Neogene | |
| ....Miocene | |
| .....upper Miocene | |
| ......Turolian | |
| SN | Europe. Upper Miocene, above Vallesian and below Ruscinian. Added to Thesaurus in 1985. |
| Turonian | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Mesozoic | |
| ...Cretaceous | |
| ....Upper Cretaceous | |
| .....Turonian | |
| NT | lower Turonian |
| RT | Middle Cretaceous |
| SN | Europe. Above Cenomanian, below Coniacian. |
| Turpan Basin | |
|---|---|
| BT | Asia |
| .Far East | |
| ..China | |
| ...Xinjiang China | |
| ....Turpan Basin | |
| UF | Tulufan Basin |
| Turfan Basin | |
| SN | Xinjiang, NW China. May be used for Turpan-Hami Basin. Added to Thesaurus in 1995. |
| turquoise | |
|---|---|
| BT | phosphates |
| .turquoise | |
| RT | gems |
| copper minerals | |
| Turritella | |
|---|---|
| BT | Invertebrata |
| .Mollusca | |
| ..Gastropoda | |
| ...Turritellidae | |
| ....Turritella | |
| Turritellidae | |
|---|---|
| BT | Invertebrata |
| .Mollusca | |
| ..Gastropoda | |
| ...Turritellidae | |
| NT | Turritella |
| Turukhan River | |
|---|---|
| BT | Commonwealth of Independent States |
| .Russian Federation | |
| ..Turukhan River | |
| BT | Asia |
| .Turukhan River | |
| RT | Krasnoyarsk Russian Federation |
| Turukhansk Russian Federation | |
| SN | River which flows into Yenisei River just N of Turukhansk in N Krasnoyarsk Kray in central Siberia. Also search Turukhan. This term has multiple hierarchies. Indexed with oblasts or regions as applicable. |
| Turukhansk Russian Federation | |
|---|---|
| BT | Commonwealth of Independent States |
| .Russian Federation | |
| ..Krasnoyarsk Russian Federation | |
| ...Turukhansk Russian Federation | |
| RT | Turukhan River |
| SN | Town on Yenisei River at the mouth of the Lower Tunguska River in N Krasnoyarsk Kray in central Siberia. Before 1993, Turukhansk Russian Republic was also used. This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| Tusas Mountains | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .New Mexico | |
| ..Tusas Mountains | |
| SN | Indexed with counties and mountains as applicable. |
| Tuscaloosa County Alabama | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Alabama | |
| ..Tuscaloosa County Alabama | |
| SN | W central Alabama. |
| Tuscaloosa Formation | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Mesozoic | |
| ...Cretaceous | |
| ....Upper Cretaceous | |
| .....Tuscaloosa Formation | |
| RT | South Carolina |
| Louisiana | |
| Mississippi | |
| Alabama | |
| North Carolina | |
| Georgia | |
| Tennessee | |
| SN | Irregularly or obscurely bedded quartzitic and micaceous sands interbedded with heterogeneous clays. Also lenticular pebble beds. Atlantic Coastal Plain from W Tennessee, NE Mississippi, N Louisiana and NW Alabama, across Alabama, Georgia, South Carolina, |
| Tuscany Italy | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Southern Europe | |
| ..Italy | |
| ...Tuscany Italy | |
| NT | Apuane Alps |
| Arno River basin | |
| Florence Italy | |
| Grosseto Italy | |
| Larderello | |
| Livorno Italy | |
| Lucca Italy | |
| Monte Amiata | |
| Monte Capanne | |
| Monte Pisano | |
| Pisa Italy | |
| Siena Italy | |
| Travale Field | |
| RT | Elba |
| Tiber Valley | |
| SN | Autonomous region in W Italy. |
| Tuscarawas County Ohio | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Ohio | |
| ..Tuscarawas County Ohio | |
| SN | E central Ohio. |
| Tuscarora Formation | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Paleozoic | |
| ...Silurian | |
| ....Lower Silurian | |
| .....Tuscarora Formation | |
| RT | Virginia |
| Pennsylvania | |
| Maryland | |
| West Virginia | |
| SN | In central Pennsylvania, it is gradational with overlying Rose Hill Formation and transitional with underlying Juniata Formation. In W Maryland, central S and E Pennsylvania, W Virginia, and E West Virginia. |
| Tuscola County Michigan | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Michigan | |
| ..Michigan Lower Peninsula | |
| ...Tuscola County Michigan | |
| Tuscumbia Limestone | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Paleozoic | |
| ...Carboniferous | |
| ....Mississippian | |
| .....Upper Mississippian | |
| ......Tuscumbia Limestone | |
| RT | Mississippi |
| Alabama | |
| Georgia | |
| Southern Appalachians | |
| SN | S Appalachians, NE Alabama, NW Georgia, Mississippi. |
| Tushar Mountains | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Utah | |
| ..Tushar Mountains | |
| RT | Beaver County Utah |
| Piute County Utah | |
| SN | Beaver and Piute counties, SE central Utah. Extends S from Pavant Mountains along W bank of Sevier River. Indexed with counties as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| Tuttle Creek Dam | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Kansas | |
| ..Riley County Kansas | |
| ...Tuttle Creek Dam | |
| SN | On Tuttle Creek forming reservoir in NE Kansas. Also search Tuttle Creek. |
| Tuva Russian Federation | |
|---|---|
| BT | Commonwealth of Independent States |
| .Russian Federation | |
| ..Tuva Russian Federation | |
| BT | Asia |
| .Tuva Russian Federation | |
| NT | Khovu-Aksy Russian Federation |
| Sangilen Mountains | |
| UF | Tannu Tuva Russian Federation |
| RT | Siberian fold belt |
| SN | Former Tuva Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. On the Mongolian border between the Altai Mountains on the W and the Sayan Mountains on the NE. Before 1993, Tuva Russian Republic was also used. This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| Tuvalu | |
|---|---|
| BT | Oceania |
| .Polynesia | |
| ..Tuvalu | |
| UF | Ellice Islands |
| RT | Pacific Ocean |
| West Pacific Ocean Islands | |
| SN | Island group NE of Australia, N of Fiji Islands, and SE of Kiribati. Added to Thesaurus in 1981. |
| Tuymazy Russian Federation | |
|---|---|
| BT | Commonwealth of Independent States |
| .Russian Federation | |
| ..Bashkortostan Russian Federation | |
| ...Tuymazy Russian Federation | |
| UF | Tuimazy Russian Federation |
| SN | Town W of Ufa in W Bashkortostan, SE European Russian Federation. Before 1993, Tuymazy Russian Republic was also used. This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| Tuz Golu | |
|---|---|
| BT | Asia |
| .Middle East | |
| ..Turkey | |
| ...Tuz Golu | |
| UF | Tuz Lake |
| RT | Anatolia |
| SN | Salt lake in W central Anatolia (Turkey). |
| Tuz Lake | |
|---|---|
| USE | Tuz Golu |
| Tver Russian Federation | |
|---|---|
| BT | Commonwealth of Independent States |
| .Russian Federation | |
| ..Tver Russian Federation | |
| BT | Europe |
| .Tver Russian Federation | |
| NT | Vyshkovo Russian Federation |
| UF | Kalinin Russian Federation |
| SN | Oblast and city in W Russian Federation. Before 1993, also search Kalinin Russian Republic. This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| Twente | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Western Europe | |
| ..Netherlands | |
| ...Overijssel Netherlands | |
| ....Twente | |
| UF | De Twente |
| SN | Region in SE Overijssel. |
| Twiggs Clay | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Cenozoic | |
| ...Paleogene | |
| ....Eocene | |
| .....upper Eocene | |
| ......Twiggs Clay | |
| RT | Georgia |
| Dry Branch Formation | |
| SN | In Dry Branch Formation. Consists of pale green hackly fuller's earth clay, green hackly clay, gray marl, and calcareous sand at base of member. In E Georgia. |
| Twiggs County Georgia | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Georgia | |
| ..Twiggs County Georgia | |
| SN | Central Gorgia. |
| Twilight Gneiss | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Precambrian | |
| ..Twilight Gneiss | |
| RT | Paleoproterozoic |
| Colorado | |
| SN | Twilight Granite, Precambrian. IN SE Colorado. |
| Twin Creek Limestone | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Mesozoic | |
| ...Jurassic | |
| ....Twin Creek Limestone | |
| RT | Idaho |
| Utah | |
| Wyoming | |
| SN | Middle and Upper Jurassic. SW Wyoming, SE Idaho and NE Utah. Added to Thesaurus in 1985. |
| Twin Falls County Idaho | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Idaho | |
| ..Twin Falls County Idaho | |
| Twin Lakes | |
|---|---|
| RT | California |
| Colorado | |
| SN | N California and central Colorado. Also in other locations. Indexed with counties or regions as applicable. |
| Twin River Formation | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Cenozoic | |
| ...Tertiary | |
| ....Twin River Formation | |
| RT | Oligocene |
| Miocene | |
| Washington | |
| upper Eocene | |
| SN | Upper Eocene to Miocene. Three mappable sequences recognized: lower member consisting of thin-bedded sandstone and siltstone; middle member of massive siltstone that grades westward into bedded siltstone and sandstone; and upper member composed chiefly of |
| Twin Sisters Dunite | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Cenozoic | |
| ...Tertiary | |
| ....Twin Sisters Dunite | |
| RT | Washington |
| SN | An ultrabasic intrusive. In NW Washington. |
| twinning | |
|---|---|
| RT | crystal growth |
| epitaxy | |
| lattice | |
| Two Harbors Minnesota | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Minnesota | |
| ..Lake County Minnesota | |
| ...Two Harbors Minnesota | |
| SN | City on Lake Superior in NE Minnesota. |
| Two Medicine Formation | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Mesozoic | |
| ...Cretaceous | |
| ....Upper Cretaceous | |
| .....Two Medicine Formation | |
| RT | Montana |
| Montana Group | |
| SN | Upper Cretaceous. NW Montana. In Montana Group. Overlies Virgelle Sandstone; underlies Bearpaw Formation. Added to Thesaurus in 1993. |
| two-dimensional models | |
|---|---|
| RT | computer animation |
| four-dimensional models | |
| mathematical models | |
| models | |
| one-dimensional models | |
| SUTRA | |
| three-dimensional models | |
| seismology | |
| visualization | |
| SN | Before 1978, search two-dimensional AND models. |
| two-layer models | |
|---|---|
| RT | layered materials |
| models | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1981. |
| two-mica granite | |
|---|---|
| BT | igneous rocks |
| .plutonic rocks | |
| ..granites | |
| ...two-mica granite | |
| two-phase models | |
|---|---|
| RT | models |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1981. |
| Twocreekan | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Cenozoic | |
| ...Quarternary | |
| ....Pleistocene | |
| .....Upper Pleistocene | |
| ......Twocreekan | |
| RT | Wisconsinan |
| SN | Substage of Wisconsinan stage. Before 1981, also search Twocreekian. Added to Thesaurus in 1981. |
| Tyee Formation | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Cenozoic | |
| ...Paleogene | |
| ....Eocene | |
| .....middle Eocene | |
| ......Tyee Formation | |
| RT | Oregon |
| SN | Overlies Siletz River Volcanic Series. It consists of thick series of rhythmically bedded sandstone and intercalated siltstone. In W Oregon. |
| Tyler County Texas | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Texas | |
| ..Tyler County Texas | |
| Tyler County West Virginia | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .West Virginia | |
| ..Tyler County West Virginia | |
| Tyler Formation | |
|---|---|
| RT | Bear Gulch Limestone Member |
| Michigan | |
| North Dakota | |
| Paleoproterozoic | |
| Pennsylvanian | |
| Montana | |
| Wisconsin | |
| SN | Pennsylvanian of central Montana and SW North Dakota. Also, Paleoproterozoic of N Michigan and N Wisconsin. Indexed with ages as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| Tylopoda | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chordata |
| .Vertebrata | |
| ..Tetrapoda | |
| ...Mammalia | |
| ....Theria | |
| .....Eutheria | |
| ......Artiodactyla | |
| .......Ruminantia | |
| ........Tylopoda | |
| NT | Camelidae |
| SN | Infraorder. |
| Tynagh Ireland | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Western Europe | |
| ..Ireland | |
| ...Galway Ireland | |
| ....Tynagh Ireland | |
| SN | Village in S County Galway in W Ireland. |
| Tyne River | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Western Europe | |
| ..United Kingdom | |
| ...Great Britain | |
| ....Tyne River | |
| RT | England |
| Scotland | |
| East Lothian Scotland | |
| Lothian region Scotland | |
| SN | Flows by Newcastle and enters the North Sea at Tynemouth in NE England. Also enters North Sea from Lothian in SE Scotland. Indexed with regions as applicable. |
| Tyonek Formation | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Cenozoic | |
| ...Paleogene | |
| ....Tyonek Formation | |
| RT | Alaska |
| SN | S Alaska. Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| type localities | |
|---|---|
| RT | archaeology |
| mineral exploration | |
| mineralogy | |
| paleontology | |
| stratigraphy | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1985. |
| type sections | |
|---|---|
| RT | cross sections |
| stratigraphic columns | |
| stratigraphy | |
| stratotypes | |
| type specimens | |
|---|---|
| UF | specimens, type |
| RT | taxonomy |
| holotypes | |
| paratypes | |
| neotypes | |
| phenotypes | |
| SN | Used as a general term. |
| types | |
|---|---|
| SN | A valid general term through 1977. |
| typomorphism | |
|---|---|
| RT | fossils |
| minerals | |
| Tyrannosauridae | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chordata |
| .Vertebrata | |
| ..Tetrapoda | |
| ...Reptilia | |
| ....Diapsida | |
| .....Archosauria | |
| ......Saurischia | |
| .......Theropoda | |
| ........Carnosauria | |
| .........Tyrannosauridae | |
| NT | Tyrannosaurus |
| SN | Family. This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| Tyrannosaurus | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chordata |
| .Vertebrata | |
| ..Tetrapoda | |
| ...Reptilia | |
| ....Diapsida | |
| .....Archosauria | |
| ......Saurischia | |
| .......Theropoda | |
| ........Carnosauria | |
| .........Tyrannosauridae | |
| ..........Tyrannosaurus | |
| NT | Tyrannosaurus rex |
| SN | Genus. This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| Tyrannosaurus rex | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chordata |
| .Vertebrata | |
| ..Tetrapoda | |
| ...Reptilia | |
| ....Diapsida | |
| .....Archosauria | |
| ......Saurischia | |
| .......Theropoda | |
| ........Carnosauria | |
| .........Tyrannosauridae | |
| ..........Tyrannosaurus | |
| ...........Tyrannosaurus rex | |
| SN | Species. This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| Tyrny-Auz Russian Federation | |
|---|---|
| BT | Commonwealth of Independent States |
| .Russian Federation | |
| ..Tyrny-Auz Russian Federation | |
| BT | Europe |
| .Tyrny-Auz Russian Federation | |
| UF | Turnyauz Russian Federation |
| SN | Town NW of Ordzhonikidze in the Northern Caucasus. Before 1993, Tyrny-Auz Russian Republic was also used. This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| Tyrol Austria | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Central Europe | |
| ..Austria | |
| ...Tyrol Austria | |
| NT | Baumkirchen |
| Innsbruck Austria | |
| Lanersbach Austria | |
| Lechtal Alps | |
| Stubai Alps | |
| Vernagt Glacier | |
| UF | Tirol Austria |
| RT | Allgau Alps |
| Alto Adige | |
| Inn Valley | |
| Bavarian Alps | |
| Isar Valley | |
| Bolzano Italy | |
| Dolomites | |
| Tauern Window | |
| Otztal Alps | |
| Venediger Group | |
| Silvretta Group | |
| Zillertal Alps | |
| Trento Italy | |
| Wetterstein Limestone | |
| SN | State between Germany and Italy in W Austria. Italian part of former Tirol (South Tirol) is in Alto Adige, Trentino-Alto Adige. |
| Tyrone Northern Ireland | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Western Europe | |
| ..United Kingdom | |
| ...Northern Ireland | |
| ....Tyrone Northern Ireland | |
| SN | Traditional county in W Northern Ireland. Includes the smaller administrative region of the same name adopted after 1973. |
| Tyrrell County North Carolina | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .North Carolina | |
| ..Tyrrell County North Carolina | |
| Tyrrhenian | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Cenozoic | |
| ...Quarternary | |
| ....Pleistocene | |
| .....Upper Pleistocene | |
| ......Tyrrhenian | |
| SN | Europe. Upper Pleistocene. Above Milazzian, below Versilian. |
| Tyrrhenian Basin | |
|---|---|
| BT | Mediterranean Sea |
| .West Mediterranean | |
| ..Tyrrhenian Basin | |
| RT | Tyrrhenian Sea |
| DSDP Site 132 | |
| Leg 107 | |
| SN | Basin of the Tyrrhenian Sea. Added to Thesaurus in 1981. |
| Tyrrhenian Sea | |
|---|---|
| BT | Mediterranean Sea |
| .West Mediterranean | |
| ..Tyrrhenian Sea | |
| NT | Orosei |
| RT | East Mediterranean |
| Leg 13 | |
| Leg 161 | |
| Bay of Naples | |
| DSDP Site 132 | |
| ODP Site 653 | |
| Tyrrhenian Basin | |
| DSDP Site 373 | |
| Leg 107 | |
| ODP Site 650 | |
| ODP Site 651 | |
| ODP Site 652 | |
| ODP Site 654 | |
| ODP Site 655 | |
| ODP Site 656 | |
| ODP Site 974 | |
| SN | Between Corsica and Sardinia on the W, the mainland of Italy on the E, and Sicily on the S. |
| Tyumen Russian Federation | |
|---|---|
| BT | Commonwealth of Independent States |
| .Russian Federation | |
| ..Tyumen Russian Federation | |
| BT | Asia |
| .Tyumen Russian Federation | |
| NT | Salym Field |
| Surgut Russian Federation | |
| Yamal-Nenets Russian Federation | |
| SN | City and oblast E of Sverdlovsk in W Siberia. Before 1993, Tyumen Russian Republic was also used. This term has multiple hierarchies. |
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