SEDIS - Thesaurus
Bi  | |
|---|---|
| USE | bismuth |
| Bialowieza | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Central Europe | |
| ..Poland | |
| ...Bialowieza | |
| RT | national parks |
| SN | National park in E Poland. |
| Bialystok Poland | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Central Europe | |
| ..Poland | |
| ...Bialystok Poland | |
| NT | Belsk Poland |
| SN | Province in extreme NE Poland. Also a city. |
| Biarritz France | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Western Europe | |
| ..France | |
| ...Pyrenees-Atlantiques France | |
| ....Biarritz France | |
| SN | Town on the Bay of Biscay near Spanish border. |
| Biarritzian | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Cenozoic | |
| ...Paleogene | |
| ....Eocene | |
| .....Biarritzian | |
| SN | Europe. Middle to upper Eocene. |
| biaxial tests | |
|---|---|
| RT | compression |
| confining pressure | |
| deformation | |
| rock mechanics | |
| soil mechanics | |
| testing | |
| triaxial tests | |
| uniaxial tests | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1995. |
| Bibb County Alabama | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Alabama | |
| ..Bibb County Alabama | |
| Bibb County Georgia | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Georgia | |
| ..Bibb County Georgia | |
| NT | Macon Georgia |
| SN | Central Georgia. |
| bibliographic review | |
|---|---|
| USE | bibliography |
| bibliographies | |
|---|---|
| USE | bibliography |
| bibliography | |
|---|---|
| UF | bibliographic review |
| bibliographies | |
| RT | associations |
| oceanography | |
| petrology | |
| paleontology | |
| structural geology | |
| stratigraphy | |
| catalogs | |
| glossaries | |
| lexicons | |
| areal geology | |
| geology | |
| publications | |
| mineralogy | |
| biography | |
| GeoRef | |
| Geoscan | |
| libraries | |
| monographs | |
| paleobotany | |
| research | |
| review | |
| sedimentary petrology | |
| sur | |
| SN | Covers major bibliographies on topics, areas or persons. |
| bicarbonate ion | |
|---|---|
| RT | carbonate ion |
| carbonates | |
| geochemistry | |
| ions | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1982. |
| Bicaz Valley | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Southern Europe | |
| ..Romania | |
| ...Bicaz Valley | |
| BT | Europe |
| .Moldavia | |
| ..Bicaz Valley | |
| RT | Bacau Romania |
| SN | River valley in Bacau County. This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| Bida Nigeria | |
|---|---|
| BT | Africa |
| .West Africa | |
| ..Nigeria | |
| ...Bida Nigeria | |
| SN | Region in W central Nigeria. |
| Bidahochi Formation | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Cenozoic | |
| ...Neogene | |
| ....Pliocene | |
| .....Bidahochi Formation | |
| RT | New Mexico |
| Arizona | |
| SN | Divided into six members for mapping purposes. Fifth member informally referred to as White Cone Member. In NE Arizona. |
| bideauxite | |
|---|---|
| BT | halides |
| .chlorides | |
| ..bideauxite | |
| BT | halides |
| .fluorides | |
| ..bideauxite | |
| SN | This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| Biel Lake | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Central Europe | |
| ..Switzerland | |
| ...Bern Switzerland | |
| ....Biel Lake | |
| UF | Bienne Lake |
| Lake of Bienne | |
| SN | In NW Bern. |
| Biella Italy | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Southern Europe | |
| ..Italy | |
| ...Piemonte Italy | |
| ....Vercelli Italy | |
| .....Biella Italy | |
| SN | Town in Vercelli Province in NW Italy. |
| Bielsk Podlaski Poland | |
|---|---|
| USE | Belsk Poland |
| Bielsk Poland | |
|---|---|
| USE | Belsk Poland |
| Bielsko Poland | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Central Europe | |
| ..Poland | |
| ...Bielsko Poland | |
| NT | Andrychow Poland |
| Bielsko-Biala Poland | |
| Cieszyn Poland | |
| Wadowice Poland | |
| RT | Beskid Mountains |
| Katowice Poland | |
| SN | As of 1989, used only for the province in S Poland. Before 1989, also used for the city of Bielsko-Biala. |
| Bielsko-Biala Poland | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Central Europe | |
| ..Poland | |
| ...Bielsko Poland | |
| ....Bielsko-Biala Poland | |
| RT | Katowice Poland |
| SN | Name of city which was combined with Biala in 1950 to form Bielsko-Biala in what was formerly part of Katowice Province. Before 1989, also search Bielsko Poland. |
| Bienne Lake | |
|---|---|
| USE | Biel Lake |
| Bienville Parish Louisiana | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Louisiana | |
| ..Bienville Parish Louisiana | |
| BIFs | |
|---|---|
| USE | banded iron formations |
| Big Bear earthquake 1992 | |
|---|---|
| BT | earthquakes |
| .Big Bear earthquake 1992 | |
| RT | California |
| Mojave Desert | |
| Joshua Tree earthquake 1992 | |
| Landers earthquake 1992 | |
| Southern California | |
| SN | Epicenter near Big Bear Lake, San Bernardino County California, S California. Aftershock to Landers earthquake 1992. Also search Mojave Desert earthquake 1992. Added to Thesaurus in 1995. |
| Big Belt Mountains | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .U. S. Rocky Mountains | |
| ..Big Belt Mountains | |
| BT | United States |
| .Montana | |
| ..Big Belt Mountains | |
| RT | Broadwater County Montana |
| Cascade County Montana | |
| Meagher County Montana | |
| SN | Range of Rocky Mountains in W central Montana. This term has multiple hierarchies. Indexed with counties as applicable. |
| Big Bend National Park | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Texas | |
| ..Brewster County Texas | |
| ...Big Bend National Park | |
| RT | national parks |
| Rattlesnake Mountain | |
| SN | In Brewster County on the Mexican border in SW Texas. Also search Big Bend and Texas. |
| Big Blue River | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Big Blue River | |
| RT | Butler County Nebraska |
| Hamilton County Nebraska | |
| Marshall County Kansas | |
| Polk County Nebraska | |
| Saline County Nebraska | |
| Seward County Nebraska | |
| York County Nebraska | |
| SN | NE Kansas and SE Nebraska. Feeds into the Kansas River system. Indexed with U. S. counties as applicable. |
| Big Fork Chert | |
|---|---|
| USE | Bigfork Chert |
| Big Horn Basin | |
|---|---|
| USE | Bighorn Basin |
| Big Horn County Montana | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Montana | |
| ..Big Horn County Montana | |
| RT | Bighorn River |
| SN | S Montana. |
| Big Horn County Wyoming | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Wyoming | |
| ..Big Horn County Wyoming | |
| RT | Bighorn River |
| SN | N Wyoming. |
| Big Horn Dolomite | |
|---|---|
| USE | Bighorn Dolomite |
| Big Horn Mountains | |
|---|---|
| USE | Bighorn Mountains |
| Big Injun Sandstone | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Paleozoic | |
| ...Carboniferous | |
| ....Mississippian | |
| .....Big Injun Sandstone | |
| RT | Ohio |
| Pennsylvania | |
| West Virginia | |
| Greenbrier Limestone | |
| Pocono Formation | |
| SN | Driller's term. Found in the top of the Pocono Group and partly in the overlying Greenbrier Group, it has been a very important shallow petroleum producing zone in West Virginia. Beds have been correlated with Burgoon Sandstone Member (Pocono Formation) o |
| Big Maria Mountains | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .California | |
| ..Riverside County California | |
| ...Big Maria Mountains | |
| RT | Little Maria Mountains |
| SN | SE California. Added to Thesaurus in 1985. |
| Big Pine Key | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Florida | |
| ..Florida Keys | |
| ...Big Pine Key | |
| BT | United States |
| .Florida | |
| ..Monroe County Florida | |
| ...Big Pine Key | |
| RT | Coupon Bight |
| SN | One of the principal islands in the Florida Keys. This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| Big Snowy Group | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Paleozoic | |
| ...Carboniferous | |
| ....Big Snowy Group | |
| RT | Idaho |
| Montana | |
| Heath Formation | |
| SN | Central Montana. Includes Heath Formation. Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| Big Snowy Mountains | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Montana | |
| ..Big Snowy Mountains | |
| RT | Fergus County Montana |
| Golden Valley County Montana | |
| SN | N central Montana. Indexed with counties and mountain ranges as applicable. |
| Big Stone County Minnesota | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Minnesota | |
| ..Big Stone County Minnesota | |
| Bigby-Cannon Limestone | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Paleozoic | |
| ...Ordovician | |
| ....Middle Ordovician | |
| .....Bigby-Cannon Limestone | |
| RT | Tennessee |
| SN | Contemporary facies comprising this unit are Bigby Limestone and Cannon Limestone. Overlies Hermitage Formation and underlies Catheys Formation. Central Tennessee. |
| Bigfork Che |
|---|
| Bigfork Chert | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Paleozoic | |
| ...Ordovician | |
| ....Middle Ordovician | |
| .....Bigfork Chert | |
| UF | Big Fork Chert |
| RT | Oklahoma |
| Texas | |
| Arkansas | |
| Ouachita Belt | |
| SN | SW Arkansas, SE Oklahoma, and Texas. Added to Thesaurus in 1995. |
| Bighorn Basin | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Bighorn Basin | |
| UF | Big Horn Basin |
| RT | Wyoming |
| Montana | |
| Madison Aquifer | |
| SN | River basin. Indexed with states and counties as applicable. |
| Bighorn Dolomite | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Paleozoic | |
| ...Ordovician | |
| ....Upper Ordovician | |
| .....Bighorn Dolomite | |
| UF | Big Horn Dolomite |
| RT | Idaho |
| Wyoming | |
| Montana | |
| North Dakota | |
| South Dakota | |
| Red River Formation | |
| Williston Basin | |
| SN | Central N United States. Extends into Saskatchewan. Added to Thesaurus in 1995. |
| Bighorn Mountains | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .U. S. Rocky Mountains | |
| ..Bighorn Mountains | |
| UF | Big Horn Mountains |
| RT | Wyoming |
| Montana | |
| SN | Range of Rocky Mountains. This term has multiple hierarchies. Indexed with states as applicable. |
| Bighorn River | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Bighorn River | |
| RT | Wyoming |
| Montana | |
| Big Horn County Montana | |
| Big Horn County Wyoming | |
| Fremont County Wyoming | |
| Hot Springs County Wyoming | |
| Washakie County Wyoming | |
| Yellowstone County Montana | |
| SN | S Montana and N Wyoming. Indexed with states and counties as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| Bihar mica belt | |
|---|---|
| BT | Asia |
| .Indian Peninsula | |
| ..India | |
| ...Bihar India | |
| ....Bihar mica belt | |
| RT | Gaya India |
| Hazaribagh India | |
| SN | Extends WSW-ENE from Gurpa in Gaya district to near Simultala in Bhagalpur district, Bihar. Also passes through districts of Nawadah, Ghiridih, and Munger. Added to Thesaurus in 1993. |
| Bihar Mountains | |
|---|---|
| USE | Bihor Mountains |
| Bihor Mountains | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Southern Europe | |
| ..Romania | |
| ...Transylvania | |
| ....Bihor Mountains | |
| NT | Vladeasa Mountain |
| UF | Bihar Mountains |
| SN | In W central Transylvania. |
| Bihor Romania | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Southern Europe | |
| ..Romania | |
| ...Transylvania | |
| ....Bihor Romania | |
| NT | Rosia Romania |
| RT | Beius Basin |
| SN | County in W Transylvania. |
| Biikzhal | |
|---|---|
| BT | Commonwealth of Independent States |
| .Kazakhstan | |
| ..Biikzhal | |
| SN | Drill hole in Emba River region of Caspian Basin. This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| Bijapur India | |
|---|---|
| BT | Asia |
| .Indian Peninsula | |
| ..India | |
| ...Karnataka India | |
| ....Bijapur India | |
| SN | Town in NW Karnataka, S India. |
| Bijawar System | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Precambrian | |
| ..Bijawar System | |
| RT | India |
| Madhya Pradesh India | |
| SN | Includes Majhauli Group, Bhitri Group, Lora Group, and Chanderdip Group. |
| Bikaner India | |
|---|---|
| BT | Asia |
| .Indian Peninsula | |
| ..India | |
| ...Rajasthan India | |
| ....Bikaner India | |
| SN | A city in NW Rajasthan, NW India. |
| Bilaspur India | |
|---|---|
| BT | Asia |
| .Indian Peninsula | |
| ..India | |
| ...Bilaspur India | |
| RT | Madhya Pradesh India |
| Himachal Pradesh India | |
| SN | City and district in S Himachal Pradesh. Also a city and district in E central Madhya Pradesh. Indexed with states as applicable. |
| Bilbao Spain | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Southern Europe | |
| ..Iberian Peninsula | |
| ...Spain | |
| ....Basque Provinces Spain | |
| .....Vizcaya Spain | |
| ......Bilbao Spain | |
| SN | City on the Bay of Biscay in the Basque country, N Spain. |
| Billings County North Dakota | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .North Dakota | |
| ..Billings County North Dakota | |
| SN | W North Dakota. |
| Billings Montana | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Montana | |
| ..Yellowstone County Montana | |
| ...Billings Montana | |
| SN | City in S central Montana. |
| Billiton | |
|---|---|
| BT | Asia |
| .Far East | |
| ..Indonesia | |
| ...Billiton | |
| UF | Belitung |
| SN | Island between Sumatra and SW Borneo. |
| Bimini | |
|---|---|
| BT | Caribbean region |
| .West Indies | |
| ..Bahamas | |
| ...Bimini | |
| UF | Bimini Islands |
| RT | Northwest Providence Channel |
| SN | Two small islands off S Florida coast. |
| Bimini Islands | |
|---|---|
| USE | Bimini |
| Bingham County Idaho | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Idaho | |
| ..Bingham County Idaho | |
| RT | INEEL |
| SN | SE Idaho. |
| Bingham Utah | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Utah | |
| ..Salt Lake County Utah | |
| ...Bingham Utah | |
| SN | Mining town in N central Utah. |
| Binghamton New York | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .New York | |
| ..Broome County New York | |
| ...Binghamton New York | |
| SN | City on the Pennsylvania border in S New York. |
| Binn Valley | |
|---|---|
| USE | Binnental |
| Binnatal | |
|---|---|
| USE | Binnental |
| Binnen Tal | |
|---|---|
| USE | Binnental |
| Binnental | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Central Europe | |
| ..Switzerland | |
| ...Valais Switzerland | |
| ....Binnental | |
| UF | Binn Valley |
| Binnatal | |
| Binnen Tal | |
| SN | Valley in E Valais. |
| Binue Valley | |
|---|---|
| USE | Benue Valley |
| bioaccumulation | |
|---|---|
| RT | biochemistry |
| biodegradation | |
| environmental geology | |
| metabolism | |
| pollutants | |
| pollution | |
| residence time | |
| toxicity | |
| SN | Increase in concentration of chemical species in tissues when intake rate is greater than excretion and metabolism rates. Added to Thesaurus in 1998. |
| bioassays | |
|---|---|
| RT | analysis |
| biochemistry | |
| biodegradation | |
| environmental geology | |
| immunoassays | |
| SN | Procedures using living organisms to measure the effect of a substance, factor, or condition by comparing before and after data. Not for use for mineral exploration; for those papers see geobotanical methods or biogeochemical methods as applicable. |
| bioavailability | |
|---|---|
| RT | biochemistry |
| biodegradation | |
| environmental geology | |
| metabolism | |
| nutrition | |
| properties | |
| SN | Extent or rate at which a substance is absorbed into a living system or is made available at a site of physiological activity. Added to Thesaurus in 1998. |
| biocalcarenite | |
|---|---|
| BT | sedimentary rocks |
| .carbonate rocks | |
| ..limestone | |
| ...biocalcarenite | |
| RT | calcarenite |
| biocenoses | |
|---|---|
| UF | biocenosis |
| biocoenoses | |
| life assemblage | |
| RT | biotopes |
| paleontology | |
| communities | |
| ichnofacies | |
| thanatocenoses | |
| biocenosis | |
|---|---|
| USE | biocenoses |
| biochemical sedimentation | |
|---|---|
| BT | sedimentation |
| .biochemical sedimentation | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1981. |
| biochronology | |
|---|---|
| RT | biologic evolution |
| biostratigraphy | |
| chronology | |
| correlation | |
| extinction | |
| first occurrence | |
| geochronology | |
| mass extinctions | |
| paleontology | |
| relative age | |
| SN | Geochronology studies using biological events or or paleontologic methods. Added to Thesaurus in 1993. |
| biocirculation | |
|---|---|
| SN | As of 1993, no longer a valid term for GeoRef. Usually out-of-scope. Used with ocean circulation. |
| bioclastic sedimentation | |
|---|---|
| BT | sedimentation |
| .bioclastic sedimentation | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1981. |
| biocoenoses | |
|---|---|
| USE | biocenoses |
| biodegradation | |
|---|---|
| UF | biodeterioration |
| biological degradation | |
| RT | bioreclamation |
| biochemistry | |
| biogenic structures | |
| biomarkers | |
| metabolism | |
| bioassays | |
| biosphere | |
| biology | |
| biota | |
| bioaccumulation | |
| bioavailability | |
| biogenic processes | |
| biomass | |
| bioremediation | |
| biorhexistasy | |
| bioturbation | |
| dechlorination | |
| degradation | |
| metabolites | |
| methanol | |
| Ps | |
| SN | Also see bioreclamation or bioremediation if applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1982. |
| biodeterioration | |
|---|---|
| USE | biodegradation |
| biodiversity | |
|---|---|
| UF | biological diversity |
| RT | DNA |
| biologic evolution | |
| ecology | |
| paleoecology | |
| paleontology | |
| species diversity | |
| paleobotany | |
| ecosystems | |
| endangered species | |
| SN | A broad term which applies to the number, variety and variability of living things. Variation is commonly discussed at submolecular, species, and ecosystem levels. Also search species diversity or [biologic evolution or ecology or paleoecology; AND divers |
| bioerosion | |
|---|---|
| BT | erosion |
| .bioerosion | |
| BT | biogenic processes |
| .bioerosion | |
| RT | abrasion |
| processes | |
| biogenic structures | |
| ichnofossils | |
| burrows | |
| reefs | |
| sedimentary structures | |
| bioturbation | |
| borings | |
| corrosion | |
| erosion rates | |
| etching | |
| predation | |
| SN | Also search biogenic processes and erosion. This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| biofacies | |
|---|---|
| UF | biologic facies |
| RT | sedimentation |
| facies | |
| biotopes | |
| ecology | |
| biostratigraphy | |
| sediments | |
| assemblages | |
| ichnofacies | |
| biota | |
| ichnofabric | |
| biogenic | |
|---|---|
| SN | A valid term through 1977. See biogenic structures; biogenic processes. |
| biogenic effects | |
|---|---|
| USE | biogenic processes |
| biogenic origin | |
|---|---|
| USE | biogenic processes |
| biogenic processes | |
|---|---|
| NT | bioerosion |
| UF | biogenic effects |
| biogenic origin | |
| RT | ecology |
| biogenic structures | |
| metabolism | |
| nitrification | |
| biota | |
| biodegradation | |
| biorhexistasy | |
| bioturbation | |
| metabolites | |
| effects | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1993. |
| biogeochemical cycles | |
|---|---|
| SN | Not a valid term for GeoRef. See biochemistry and geochemical cycle. |
| biogeochemical methods | |
|---|---|
| BT | geochemical methods |
| .biogeochemical methods | |
| UF | biogeochemical prospecting |
| RT | geochemistry |
| methods | |
| mineral exploration | |
| geobotanical methods | |
| SN | Before 1972, also search biogeochemistry; biogeochemical. |
| biogeochemical prospecting | |
|---|---|
| USE | biogeochemical methods |
| biogeochemistry | |
|---|---|
| USE | biochemistry |
| biogeographic maps | |
|---|---|
| BT | maps |
| .biogeographic maps | |
| RT | paleontology |
| biogeography | |
| SN | Before 1985, also search maps AND biogeography. Added to Thesaurus in 1985. |
| biogeography | |
|---|---|
| UF | chorology |
| paleobiogeography | |
| phytogeography | |
| zoogeography | |
| RT | adaptive radiation |
| biologic evolution | |
| ecology | |
| paleoecology | |
| fossils | |
| paleogeography | |
| continental drift | |
| faunal provinces | |
| floral provinces | |
| paleobotany | |
| biogeographic maps | |
| Boreal | |
| colonization | |
| cosmopolitan taxa | |
| endemic taxa | |
| geography | |
| land bridges | |
| migration | |
| paleoi | |
| SN | Used for descriptions of the geographic distribution of both fossil and modern organisms. Indexed with with fossil names and age where available. |
| biography | |
|---|---|
| RT | bibliography |
| Darwin, Charles | |
| Gilbert, Grove Karl | |
| Hutton, James | |
| Lyell, Charles | |
| Schimper, Wilhelm-Philippe | |
| Vernadskiy, Vladimir Ivanovich | |
| Wegener, Alfred | |
| SN | Indexed with also name of individual (last, first) |
| bioherms | |
|---|---|
| BT | sedimentary structures |
| .biogenic structures | |
| ..bioherms | |
| NT | mud mounds |
| UF | organic mound |
| RT | Coelenterata |
| algae | |
| carbonate banks | |
| atolls | |
| reefs | |
| bafflestone | |
| biostromes | |
| calcareous composition | |
| SN | As of 1984, use instead of reefs under sedimentary structures. |
| biologic evolution | |
|---|---|
| UF | biological evolution |
| RT | DNA |
| adaptation | |
| adaptive radiation | |
| behavior | |
| biogeography | |
| homology | |
| Gaia hypothesis | |
| biochronology | |
| extinction | |
| first occurrence | |
| biodiversity | |
| endangered species | |
| catastrophism | |
| cladistics | |
| creationism | |
| Darwinism | |
| diachronism | |
| eukaryotes | |
| extinct taxa | |
| gradualism | |
| life o | |
| SN | Before 1983, also search evolution AND appropriate paleontology category codes (See list A); evolution AND appropriate fossil name(s); evolution AND paleontology; evolution AND paleobotany. Added to Thesaurus in 1983. |
| biologic facies | |
|---|---|
| USE | biofacies |
| biological degradation | |
|---|---|
| USE | biodegradation |
| biological diversity | |
|---|---|
| USE | biodiversity |
| biological evolution | |
|---|---|
| USE | biologic evolution |
| biological markers | |
|---|---|
| USE | biomarkers |
| biological processes | |
|---|---|
| SN | As of 1981, no longer a valid term for GeoRef. Use biology. |
| biological zones | |
|---|---|
| USE | biozones |
| biology | |
|---|---|
| RT | bacteria |
| biochemistry | |
| biodegradation | |
| biosphere | |
| biotypes | |
| ecology | |
| epibiotism | |
| exobiology | |
| geomicrobiology | |
| molecular biology | |
| paleobiology | |
| biomass | |
|---|---|
| RT | biodegradation |
| ecology | |
| new energy sources | |
| productivity | |
| trophic analysis | |
| biomechanics | |
|---|---|
| RT | bipedalism |
| functional morphology | |
| locomotion | |
| morphology | |
| muscles | |
| wings | |
| SN | Also index locomotion if applicable. |
| biometry | |
|---|---|
| RT | cladistics |
| fossils | |
| mathematical geology | |
| paleontology | |
| statistical analysis | |
| biomicrite | |
|---|---|
| BT | sedimentary rocks |
| .carbonate rocks | |
| ..limestone | |
| ...biomicrite | |
| RT | micrite |
| biomineralization | |
|---|---|
| RT | biochemistry |
| bones | |
| fossilization | |
| mineralization | |
| processes | |
| shells | |
| taphonomy | |
| SN | Interaction between organism and environment to produce minerals often as body parts. Applies to many plants and animals. Added to Thesaurus in 1993. |
| biopelite | |
|---|---|
| USE | black shale |
| bioreclamation | |
|---|---|
| BT | reclamation |
| .bioreclamation | |
| RT | abandoned mines |
| pollution | |
| waste disposal | |
| biodegradation | |
| bioremediation | |
| decontamination | |
| polluted water | |
| remediation | |
| soil treatment | |
| strip mining | |
| water treatment | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1995. |
| bioremediation | |
|---|---|
| BT | remediation |
| .bioremediation | |
| RT | bioreclamation |
| reclamation | |
| pollution | |
| waste disposal | |
| biodegradation | |
| dechlorination | |
| polluted water | |
| soil treatment | |
| strip mining | |
| water treatment | |
| Pseudomonas | |
| waste management | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1993. |
| biorhexistasy | |
|---|---|
| RT | biodegradation |
| biogenic processes | |
| laterites | |
| soils | |
| weathering | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1981. |
| biosparite | |
|---|---|
| BT | sedimentary rocks |
| .carbonate rocks | |
| ..limestone | |
| ...biosparite | |
| biosphere | |
|---|---|
| RT | atmosphere |
| biodegradation | |
| biology | |
| Earth | |
| Gaia hypothesis | |
| hydrosphere | |
| IGBP | |
| lithosphere | |
| tectonosphere | |
| biostromes | |
|---|---|
| RT | bioherms |
| Coelenterata | |
| reefs | |
| biota | |
|---|---|
| UF | organisms |
| RT | soils |
| ecology | |
| microorganisms | |
| biofacies | |
| bacteria | |
| biodegradation | |
| biogenic processes | |
| factors | |
| faunal studies | |
| floral studies | |
| living taxa | |
| biotite | |
|---|---|
| BT | silicates |
| .sheet silicates | |
| ..mica group | |
| ...biotite | |
| RT | heavy minerals |
| biotite gneiss | |
|---|---|
| BT | metamorphic rocks |
| .gneisses | |
| ..biotite gneiss | |
| biotite granite | |
|---|---|
| BT | igneous rocks |
| .plutonic rocks | |
| ..granites | |
| ...biotite granite | |
| biotite schist | |
|---|---|
| BT | metamorphic rocks |
| .schists | |
| ..biotite schist | |
| biotopes | |
|---|---|
| RT | adaptation |
| assemblages | |
| biocenoses | |
| biofacies | |
| biostratigraphy | |
| communities | |
| ecology | |
| faunal provinces | |
| floral provinces | |
| habitat | |
| paleoecology | |
| paleoenvironment | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1982. |
| bioturbation | |
|---|---|
| BT | sedimentary structures |
| .biogenic structures | |
| ..bioturbation | |
| RT | sedimentation |
| bioerosion | |
| burrows | |
| ichnofacies | |
| biodegradation | |
| biogenic processes | |
| borings | |
| ichnofabric | |
| Bouma sequence | |
| biotypes | |
|---|---|
| RT | biology |
| ecology | |
| paleoecology | |
| biozones | |
|---|---|
| UF | biological zones |
| RT | stratigraphic units |
| stratigraphy | |
| biostratigraphy | |
| first occurrence | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| bipedalism | |
|---|---|
| RT | biomechanics |
| functional morphology | |
| locomotion | |
| paleontology | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1985. |
| Birch Creek Alaska | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Alaska | |
| ..East-Central Alaska | |
| ...Birch Creek Alaska | |
| SN | Village in E Alaska. |
| Bird Island (Venezuela) | |
|---|---|
| USE | Aves Island |
| Bird River Manitoba | |
|---|---|
| BT | Canada |
| .Western Canada | |
| ..Manitoba | |
| ...Bird River Manitoba | |
| SN | Village in SE Manitoba. |
| Bird Spring Formation | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Paleozoic | |
| ...Bird Spring Formation | |
| RT | Pennsylvanian |
| Lower Permian | |
| Utah | |
| California | |
| Nevada | |
| Upper Mississippian | |
| SN | Upper Mississippian, Pennsylvanian and Lower Permian. In Spring Mountain area, Nevada. Underlies Spring Mountain Formation and overlies Illipah Formation. Indexed with ages as applicable. |
| Birdbear Formation | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Paleozoic | |
| ...Devonian | |
| ....Upper Devonian | |
| .....Birdbear Formation | |
| RT | Saskatchewan |
| Montana | |
| North Dakota | |
| Williston Basin | |
| Jefferson Group | |
| Nisku Formation | |
| SN | In Jefferson Group. Overlies Duperow Formation. Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| birefraction | |
|---|---|
| USE | birefringence |
| birefringence | |
|---|---|
| UF | birefraction |
| double refraction | |
| RT | optical properties |
| polarization | |
| refractive index | |
| Birimian | |
|---|---|
| USE | Birrimian |
| Birkhead Formation | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Mesozoic | |
| ...Jurassic | |
| ....Birkhead Formation | |
| RT | Queensland Australia |
| Australia | |
| Eromanga Basin | |
| SN | Eromanga Basin, Queensland. Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| Birmingham | |
|---|---|
| SN | No longer a valid term for GeoRef. After 1992, see Birmingham England; after 1988, see Birmingham Alabama. |
| Birmingham Alabama | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Alabama | |
| ..Jefferson County Alabama | |
| ...Birmingham Alabama | |
| SN | City in central Alabama. |
| Birmingham England | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Western Europe | |
| ..United Kingdom | |
| ...Great Britain | |
| ....England | |
| .....Birmingham England | |
| RT | Warwickshire England |
| SN | City in West Midlands, W central England. |
| Birmingham University | |
|---|---|
| RT | academic institutions |
| England | |
| SN | In Birmingham in W central England. |
| birnessite | |
|---|---|
| BT | oxides |
| .birnessite | |
| BIRPS | |
|---|---|
| UF | British Institutes Reflection Profiling Syndicate |
| RT | reflection methods |
| elastic waves | |
| seismic methods | |
| deep seismic sounding | |
| SN | Acronym. Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| Birrimian | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Precambrian | |
| ..Proterozoic | |
| ...Paleoproterozoic | |
| ....Birrimian | |
| UF | Birimian |
| SN | W Africa. Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| Biryusa River | |
|---|---|
| BT | Commonwealth of Independent States |
| .Russian Federation | |
| ..Irkutsk Russian Federation | |
| ...Biryusa River | |
| SN | River SW of Tayshet in W Irkutsk Oblast. Also search Biryusa. This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| Bisbee Arizona | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Arizona | |
| ..Cochise County Arizona | |
| ...Bisbee Arizona | |
| SN | City in SE Arizona. |
| Bisbee Group | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Mesozoic | |
| ...Cretaceous | |
| ....Lower Cretaceous | |
| .....Bisbee Group | |
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Mesozoic | |
| ...Cretaceous | |
| ....Comanchean | |
| .....Bisbee Group | |
| RT | New Mexico |
| Arizona | |
| Mural Limestone | |
| SN | SE Arizona, SW New Mexico. This term has multiple hierarchies. Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| Biscay Bay | |
|---|---|
| USE | Bay of Biscay |
| Biscayne Aquifer | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Florida | |
| ..Biscayne Aquifer | |
| RT | Broward County Florida |
| Dade County Florida | |
| Palm Beach County Florida | |
| SN | SE Florida. Indexed with counties as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| Biscayne Bay | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Florida | |
| ..Dade County Florida | |
| ...Biscayne Bay | |
| SN | S of Miami on E coast of Dade County. |
| bischofite | |
|---|---|
| BT | halides |
| .chlorides | |
| ..bischofite | |
| Bishkek Kyrgyzstan | |
|---|---|
| BT | Asia |
| .Kyrgyzstan | |
| ..Bishkek Kyrgyzstan | |
| UF | Pishpek Kyrgyzstan |
| SN | City in N Kyrgyzstan. Before 1993, also search Frunze. This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| Bishop Tuff | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Cenozoic | |
| ...Quarternary | |
| ....Pleistocene | |
| .....Bishop Tuff | |
| RT | California |
| SN | E central California. Bishop Tuff was erupted a short time after Sherwin glacial stage. |
| Bismarck Archipelago | |
|---|---|
| BT | Australasia |
| .Papua New Guinea | |
| ..Bismarck Archipelago | |
| NT | Rabaul Caldera |
| UF | Bismarck Islands |
| RT | Rat Island |
| West Pacific Ocean Islands | |
| Melanesia | |
| New Britain | |
| New Ireland | |
| SN | Volcanic group of islands N and NE of E New Guinea. |
| Bismarck Islands | |
|---|---|
| USE | Bismarck Archipelago |
| Bismarck Sea | |
|---|---|
| BT | Pacific Ocean |
| .South Pacific | |
| ..Southwest Pacific | |
| ...Bismarck Sea | |
| SN | Part of W Pacific Ocean NE of New Guinea and NW of New Britain. This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| bismuth | |
|---|---|
| BT | metals |
| .bismuth | |
| UF | Bi |
| RT | native elements |
| bismuth ores | |
| heavy metals | |
| SN | Chemical element. Use bismuth ores for bismuth as a commodity. |
| bismuth ores | |
|---|---|
| BT | metal ores |
| .bismuth ores | |
| RT | native elements |
| bismuth | |
| bismuthinite | |
| SN | Commodity. See List C. |
| bismuthides | |
|---|---|
| NT | froodite |
| michenerite | |
| RT | minerals |
| bismuthinite | |
|---|---|
| BT | sulfides |
| .bismuthinite | |
| UF | bismuthite |
| RT | bismuth ores |
| bismuthite | |
|---|---|
| USE | bismuthinite |
| Bison | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chordata |
| .Vertebrata | |
| ..Tetrapoda | |
| ...Mammalia | |
| ....Theria | |
| .....Eutheria | |
| ......Artiodactyla | |
| .......Ruminantia | |
| ........Bovidae | |
| .........Bison | |
| NT | Bison latifrons |
| Bison occidentalis | |
| SN | Genus. |
| Bison latifrons | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chordata |
| .Vertebrata | |
| ..Tetrapoda | |
| ...Mammalia | |
| ....Theria | |
| .....Eutheria | |
| ......Artiodactyla | |
| .......Ruminantia | |
| ........Bovidae | |
| .........Bison | |
| ..........Bison latifrons | |
| SN | Species. |
| Bison occidentalis | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chordata |
| .Vertebrata | |
| ..Tetrapoda | |
| ...Mammalia | |
| ....Theria | |
| .....Eutheria | |
| ......Artiodactyla | |
| .......Ruminantia | |
| ........Bovidae | |
| .........Bison | |
| ..........Bison occidentalis | |
| SN | Species. |
| Bistrita Mountains | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Southern Europe | |
| ..Romania | |
| ...Bistrita Mountains | |
| BT | Europe |
| .Carpathians | |
| ..Bistrita Mountains | |
| UF | Bistritei Mountains |
| SN | Range of the Carpathians in NE Romania. This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| Bistrita Romania | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Southern Europe | |
| ..Romania | |
| ...Transylvania | |
| ....Bistrita Romania | |
| SN | City in Bistrita-Nasaud County in central Transylvania. |
| Bistrita Valley | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Moldavia | |
| ..Bistrita Valley | |
| BT | Europe |
| .Southern Europe | |
| ..Romania | |
| ...Bistrita Valley | |
| SN | River valley in W central Moldavia. This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| Bistritei Mountains | |
|---|---|
| USE | Bistrita Mountains |
| Bitkov Ukraine | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Ukraine | |
| ..Bitkov Ukraine | |
| UF | Bitkow Ukraine |
| Bytkov Ukraine | |
| SN | In W Ukraine. This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| Bitkow Ukraine | |
|---|---|
| USE | Bitkov Ukraine |
| Bitlis Turkey | |
|---|---|
| BT | Asia |
| .Middle East | |
| ..Turkey | |
| ...Bitlis Turkey | |
| SN | Town and province in SE Turkey. |
| Bitt |
|---|
| bitter spar | |
|---|---|
| USE | dolomite |
| Bitter Springs Formation | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Precambrian | |
| ..Proterozoic | |
| ...Bitter Springs Formation | |
| RT | Australia |
| Northern Territory Australia | |
| SN | Underlies Middle Cambrian sediments and overlies Heavitree Quartzite. SW and S central Northern Territory. |
| Bitterfeld Germany | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Central Europe | |
| ..Germany | |
| ...Saxony-Anhalt Germany | |
| ....Bitterfeld Germany | |
| SN | City in S Saxony-Anhalt, S central Germany. Before 1993, Bitterfeld was also used with Halle Bezirk. |
| Bitterroot Range | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .U. S. Rocky Mountains | |
| ..Bitterroot Range | |
| NT | Beaverhead Mountains |
| RT | Idaho |
| Montana | |
| Idaho Batholith | |
| Selway-Bitterroot Wilderness | |
| SN | Range of the Rocky Mountains. This term has multiple hierarchies. Indexed with counties or states as applicable. |
| bitumenite | |
|---|---|
| USE | torbanite |
| bitumens | |
|---|---|
| NT | anthraxolite |
| asphalt | |
| gilsonite | |
| grahamite | |
| RT | kerogen |
| oil seeps | |
| organic compounds | |
| petroleum | |
| SN | Before 1968, also search bituminous rocks and sands. See List C for use as a commodity term. |
| bituminous coal | |
|---|---|
| BT | sedimentary rocks |
| .coal | |
| ..bituminous coal | |
| UF | soft coal |
| RT | lithotypes |
| SN | Before 1978, also search coal AND bituminous. |
| bituminous rocks and sands | |
|---|---|
| SN | Not a valid GeoRef index term after 1968. See oil sands; oil shale; bitumens. |
| bituminous sands | |
|---|---|
| USE | oil sands |
| bituminous shale | |
|---|---|
| USE | black shale |
| bivariate analysis | |
|---|---|
| BT | statistical analysis |
| .bivariate analysis | |
| RT | analysis |
| multivariate analysis | |
| univariate analysis | |
| Biwa Lake | |
|---|---|
| USE | Lake Biwa |
| Biwabik Iron Formation | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Precambrian | |
| ..Biwabik Iron Formation | |
| RT | Minnesota |
| Animikie Group | |
| Mesabi Range | |
| SN | In Animikie Group. Saint Louis County, NE Minnesota. Part of Mesabi Range. |
| bixbyite | |
|---|---|
| BT | oxides |
| .bixbyite | |
| UF | partridgeite |
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