SEDIS - Thesaurus
A  |
|---|
| A-type granites | |
|---|---|
| BT | igneous rocks |
| .plutonic rocks | |
| ..granites | |
| ...A-type granites | |
| UF | anorogenic granites |
| RT | alkalic composition |
| rift zones | |
| SN | General term used for rift zone and interior stable continental plate granites, which often have an alkaline composition. |
| aa | |
|---|---|
| USE | aa lava |
| aa lava | |
|---|---|
| BT | lava |
| .aa lava | |
| UF | aa |
| RT | pahoehoe |
| volcanism | |
| AABW | |
|---|---|
| USE | Antarctic Bottom Water |
| Aachen Germany | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Central Europe | |
| ..Germany | |
| ...North Rhine-Westphalia Germany | |
| ....Aachen Germany | |
| SN | City near the intersection of the Belgian and Dutch borders. |
| Aaland | |
|---|---|
| USE | Aland |
| Aalenian | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Mesozoic | |
| ...Jurassic | |
| ....Middle Jurassic | |
| .....Aalenian | |
| RT | Lower Jurassic |
| Broom Formation | |
| Dogger | |
| Etive Formation | |
| Rannoch Formation | |
| SN | Europe. |
| AAPG | |
|---|---|
| UF | American Association of Petroleum Geologists |
| RT | associations |
| SN | Acronym. Added to Thesaurus in 1985. |
| Aar Massif | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Central Europe | |
| ..Switzerland | |
| ...Aar Massif | |
| Aar Valley | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Central Europe | |
| ..Switzerland | |
| ...Aar Valley | |
| UF | Aare Valley |
| SN | River valley in central and N Switzerland. |
| Aare Valley | |
|---|---|
| USE | Aar Valley |
| Aargau Switzerland | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Central Europe | |
| ..Switzerland | |
| ...Aargau Switzerland | |
| SN | Canton in N Switzerland. |
| Abakan Russian Federation | |
|---|---|
| BT | Commonwealth of Independent States |
| .Russian Federation | |
| ..Abakan Russian Federation | |
| BT | Asia |
| .Abakan Russian Federation | |
| SN | Town on Yenisei River SW of Krasnoyarsk in Khakass Autonomous Oblast. Before 1993, Abakan Russian Republic was also used. This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| abandoned mines | |
|---|---|
| BT | mines |
| .abandoned mines | |
| UF | closed mines |
| RT | bioreclamation |
| land subsidence | |
| mining geology | |
| reclamation | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1985. |
| abandoned oil wells | |
|---|---|
| BT | oil wells |
| .abandoned oil wells | |
| RT | reclamation |
| petroleum engineering | |
| pollution | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1998. |
| abandoned water wells | |
|---|---|
| BT | water wells |
| .abandoned water wells | |
| RT | fluid injection |
| observation wells | |
| reinjection wells | |
| wellhead protection | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1998. |
| Abashiri Japan | |
|---|---|
| BT | kkaido |
| .Abashiri Japan | |
| NT | Kitami Japan |
| UF | Abasiri Japan |
| RT | Kitami Basin |
| SN | City and sub-prefecture in NE Hokkaido. |
| Abasiri Japan | |
|---|---|
| USE | Abashiri Japan |
| Abbeville County South Carolina | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .South Carolina | |
| ..Abbeville County South Carolina | |
| Abean Orogeny | |
|---|---|
| USE | Hercynian Orogeny |
| Abee Meteorite | |
|---|---|
| BT | meteorites |
| .stony meteorites | |
| ..chondrites | |
| ...enstatite chondrites | |
| ....Abee Meteorite | |
| RT | Alberta |
| Canada | |
| SN | Impact at Abee, E central Alberta, Canada. |
| Aberdeen Scotland | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Western Europe | |
| ..United Kingdom | |
| ...Great Britain | |
| ....Scotland | |
| .....Grampian region Scotland | |
| ......Aberdeenshire Scotland | |
| .......Aberdeen Scotland | |
| SN | City on North Sea. |
| Aberdeenshire Scotland | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Western Europe | |
| ..United Kingdom | |
| ...Great Britain | |
| ....Scotland | |
| .....Grampian region Scotland | |
| ......Aberdeenshire Scotland | |
| NT | Aberdeen Scotland |
| SN | Former county in NE Scotland. |
| Aberfeldy | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Western Europe | |
| ..United Kingdom | |
| ...Great Britain | |
| ....Scotland | |
| .....Perthshire Scotland | |
| ......Aberfeldy | |
| RT | barite deposits |
| lead-zinc deposits | |
| SN | Metal ore and barite mining region in Perthshire, Tayside region, central Scotland. As of 1993, use Aberfeldy Scotland for the town or Aberfeldy Field for the oil field in Lloydminster, W Saskatchewan. Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| Aberfeldy Field | |
|---|---|
| BT | Canada |
| .Western Canada | |
| ..Saskatchewan | |
| ...Aberfeldy Field | |
| RT | oil and gas fields |
| SN | Oil field in Lloydminster, W Saskatchewan. Added to Thesaurus in 1993. |
| Aberystwyth Grits | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Paleozoic | |
| ...Silurian | |
| ....Aberystwyth Grits | |
| RT | England |
| United Kingdom | |
| Wales | |
| SN | Upper Llandoverian. Forms part of the Ystwyth Stage. N and central Wales and NW England. |
| Aberystwyth Wales | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Western Europe | |
| ..United Kingdom | |
| ...Great Britain | |
| ....Wales | |
| .....Dyfed Wales | |
| ......Cardiganshire Wales | |
| .......Aberystwyth Wales | |
| SN | Town on Saint Georges Channel in Cardiganshire (Dyfed). |
| Abies | |
|---|---|
| BT | Plantae |
| .Spermatophyta | |
| ..Gymnospermae | |
| ...Coniferales | |
| ....Pinaceae | |
| .....Abies | |
| SN | Genus. |
| Abilene Kansas | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Kansas | |
| ..Dickinson County Kansas | |
| ...Abilene Kansas | |
| SN | City in E central Kansas. |
| Abilene Texas | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Texas | |
| ..Taylor County Texas | |
| ...Abilene Texas | |
| SN | City in NW central Texas. |
| Abitibi Belt | |
|---|---|
| BT | North America |
| .Canadian Shield | |
| ..Superior Province | |
| ...Abitibi Belt | |
| RT | Blake River Group |
| Ontario | |
| Pontiac Subprovince | |
| Quebec | |
| Sigma Mine | |
| Timiskaming Group | |
| SN | Structural subprovince in SW Quebec and E Ontario. Added to Thesaurus in 1981. |
| Abitibi County Quebec | |
|---|---|
| BT | Canada |
| .Eastern Canada | |
| ..Quebec | |
| ...Abitibi County Quebec | |
| NT | Chibougamau Quebec |
| Val d'Or Quebec | |
| SN | County on James Bay in W Quebec. Before 1993, also search Abitibi County in conjunction with Quebec. Before 1978, also search Abitibi with Quebec. |
| Abkhasia Georgian Republic | |
|---|---|
| USE | Abkhazia Georgian Republic |
| Abkhazia Georgian Republic | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Georgian Republic | |
| ..Abkhazia Georgian Republic | |
| NT | Kodor River basin |
| UF | Abkhasia Georgian Republic |
| SN | Former Abkhaz Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. |
| ablation | |
|---|---|
| RT | debris cones |
| glacial geology | |
| glaciers | |
| mass balance | |
| sedimentation | |
| wind erosion | |
| wind transport | |
| Abo | |
|---|---|
| SN | Use Turku Finland for the city in Finland. Use Abo Formation for the Lower Permian unit in New Mexico. |
| Abo Finland | |
|---|---|
| USE | Turku Finland |
| Abo Formation | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Paleozoic | |
| ...Permian | |
| ....Lower Permian | |
| .....Abo Formation | |
| RT | Leonardian |
| New Mexico | |
| Wolfcampian | |
| SN | Lower Permian, New Mexico. Added to Thesaurus in 1985. |
| abrasion | |
|---|---|
| UF | mechanical erosion |
| RT | wind erosion |
| bioerosion | |
| detritus | |
| erosion | |
| glaciation | |
| grinding | |
| planation | |
| ventifacts | |
| abrasives | |
|---|---|
| RT | carborundum |
| corundum deposits | |
| diamonds | |
| diatomite | |
| garnet deposits | |
| industrial minerals | |
| pumice deposits | |
| silica | |
| tripoli | |
| SN | When used as a commodity term index also industrial minerals. |
| Abruzzi Italy | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Southern Europe | |
| ..Italy | |
| ...Abruzzi Italy | |
| NT | Chieti Italy |
| Marsica | |
| SN | Autonomous region on the Adriatic Sea. |
| Absaroka Fault | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Absaroka Fault | |
| RT | Idaho |
| Utah | |
| Western Overthrust Belt | |
| Wyoming | |
| SN | Western Overthrust Belt of Idaho, Utah and Wyoming. Indexed with states as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| Absaroka Range | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .U. S. Rocky Mountains | |
| ..Absaroka Range | |
| NT | Beartooth Mountains |
| RT | Wyoming |
| Montana | |
| SN | Range of the Rocky Mountains. This term has multiple hierarchies. Indexed with states and counties as applicable. |
| Absaroka Supergroup | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Cenozoic | |
| ...Paleogene | |
| ....Eocene | |
| .....Absaroka Supergroup | |
| RT | Wyoming |
| Montana | |
| SN | Montana and NW Wyoming. Added to Thesaurus in 1985. |
| Absaroka Thrust | |
|---|---|
| SN | Use Absaroka Fault or Absaroka thrust sheet as applicable. |
| absarokite | |
|---|---|
| BT | igneous rocks |
| .volcanic rocks | |
| ..basalts | |
| ...absarokite | |
| absolute age | |
|---|---|
| UF | absolute dating |
| actual age (absolute age) | |
| RT | accelerator mass spectroscopy |
| age | |
| Ar/Ar | |
| C-14 | |
| charcoal | |
| cosmochronology | |
| dates | |
| diffusion | |
| geochemistry | |
| geochronology | |
| He-4/He-3 | |
| He/He | |
| horns | |
| I/Xe | |
| Io/Th | |
| Io/U | |
| isochrons | |
| isotopes | |
| K/Ar | |
| Kr/Kr | |
| Lu/Hf | |
| Nd/Nd | |
| new methods | |
| orogeny | |
| overprinting | |
| Pb-210 | |
| Pb/Pb | |
| Pb/Th | |
| radioactiv | |
| SN | Used for isotopic (radiometric or radiogenic) dating. For non-isotopic dating, see geochronology. When age is determined, the term dates is indexed with material type, isotopic dating methods and the age found. Indexed with dates or specific methods if ap |
| absolute age, dates | |
|---|---|
| SN | For specific dates, see absolute age and dates. |
| absolute age, methods | |
|---|---|
| SN | Not a valid GeoRef index term after 1971. Used in subfiles E, G, N, T and B. |
| absolute dating | |
|---|---|
| USE | absolute age |
| absorbent materials | |
|---|---|
| RT | industrial minerals |
| materials | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1981. |
| absorption and scattering | |
|---|---|
| SN | No longer a valid term for GeoRef. Usually out-of-scope. Used with aeronomy or aurora. As of 1993, see absorption or wave dispersion if applicable. |
| absorption spectra | |
|---|---|
| USE | atomic absorption spectra |
| absorption spectrophotometry | |
|---|---|
| SN | Use atomic absorption with spectroscopy. |
| absorption spectroscopy | |
|---|---|
| SN | Not a valid index term. Use absorption with spectroscopy. |
| Abu Dhabi | |
|---|---|
| BT | Asia |
| .Arabian Peninsula | |
| ..United Arab Emirates | |
| ...Abu Dhabi | |
| RT | Hanifa Formation |
| Khuff Formation | |
| Shuaiba Formation | |
| SN | Sheikdom. One of federation of 7 states at S end of Persian Gulf. |
| Abukuma Mountains | |
|---|---|
| BT | nshu |
| .Abukuma Mountains | |
| UF | Abukuma Plateau |
| RT | Fukushima Japan |
| Futaba Group | |
| Ibaraki Japan | |
| Miyagi Japan | |
| SN | Mostly in Fukushima Prefecture in E central Honshu. |
| Abukuma Plateau | |
|---|---|
| USE | Abukuma Mountains |
| abundance | |
|---|---|
| SN | No longer a valid term for GeoRef. From 1981-1992, used only in the chemical sense. See geochemistry. |
| abutments | |
|---|---|
| RT | arches |
| bridges | |
| dams | |
| embankments | |
| slope stability | |
| SN | Indexed with bridges or embankments or other structures as applicable. |
| abyssal cones | |
|---|---|
| USE | submarine fans |
| abyssal environment | |
|---|---|
| USE | deep-sea environment |
| abyssal fans | |
|---|---|
| USE | submarine fans |
| abyssal hills | |
|---|---|
| UF | submarine hills |
| RT | bottom features |
| deep-sea environment | |
| submarine dunes | |
| submarine environment | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1993. |
| abyssal plains | |
|---|---|
| RT | bottom features |
| continental rise | |
| ocean basins | |
| ocean floors | |
| oceanography | |
| plains | |
| Abyssinia | |
|---|---|
| USE | Ethiopia |
| Abyssinian Rift valley | |
|---|---|
| USE | Ethiopian Rift |
| abyssolith | |
|---|---|
| USE | batholiths |
| Ac | |
|---|---|
| USE | actinium |
| academic institutions | |
|---|---|
| UF | colleges |
| universities | |
| RT | associations |
| Birmingham University | |
| Cambridge University | |
| Colorado School of Mines | |
| education | |
| institutions | |
| Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory | |
| Leningrad Mining Institute | |
| Moscow University | |
| museums | |
| Ohio State University | |
| organization | |
| Pennsylvania State University | |
| SN | Reserved for any educational institution. Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| Acadia Parish Louisiana | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Louisiana | |
| ..Acadia Parish Louisiana | |
| Acadian | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Paleozoic | |
| ...Cambrian | |
| ....Acadian | |
| RT | Canada |
| Acadian Phase | |
| Middle Cambrian | |
| SN | Provincial series, Canada. Considered Middle Cambrian. Rarely used. See Acadian Phase for the Devonian-Dinantian orogenic era. Indexed with age if applicable. |
| Acadian Orogeny | |
|---|---|
| USE | Acadian Phase |
| Acadian Phase | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Paleozoic | |
| ...Acadian Phase | |
| UF | Acadian Orogeny |
| RT | Upper Devonian |
| orogeny | |
| Acadian | |
| Antler Orogeny | |
| Appalachians | |
| Dinantian | |
| Eastern Canada | |
| middle Paleozoic | |
| tectonics | |
| SN | Middle Paleozoic (?Upper Devonian-Dinantian) orogenic era. May be used for the Northern Appalachians. Use Acadian for the ?Middle Cambrian age. Also search orogeny AND Acadian. Indexed with ages as applicable. |
| Acantharina | |
|---|---|
| BT | Invertebrata |
| .Protista | |
| ..Radiolaria | |
| ...Porulosida | |
| ....Acantharina | |
| RT | microfossils |
| SN | Suborder. Indexed with microfossils if applicable. |
| acanthite | |
|---|---|
| BT | sulfides |
| .acanthite | |
| RT | argentite |
| silver ores | |
| Acanthodes | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chordata |
| .Vertebrata | |
| ..Pisces | |
| ...Acanthodii | |
| ....Acanthodes | |
| SN | Genus. |
| Acanthodii | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chordata |
| .Vertebrata | |
| ..Pisces | |
| ...Acanthodii | |
| NT | Acanthodes |
| RT | Osteichthyes |
| Placodermi | |
| SN | Subclass. |
| acanthopores | |
|---|---|
| RT | Bryozoa |
| SN | Skeletal structures in stenolaemate Bryozoa. |
| Acapulco Meteorite | |
|---|---|
| BT | meteorites |
| .stony meteorites | |
| ..acapulcoite | |
| ...Acapulco Meteorite | |
| UF | El Quemado Meteorite |
| RT | chondrites |
| Guerrero Mexico | |
| Mexico | |
| SN | El Quemado Colony, Acapulco, Guerrero Mexico. Originally classified as an anomalous chondrite. Before 1981, also search Acapulco AND meteorites. |
| acapulcoite | |
|---|---|
| BT | meteorites |
| .stony meteorites | |
| ..acapulcoite | |
| NT | Acapulco Meteorite |
| RT | chondrites |
| achondrites | |
| SN | Type of primitive achondrites. Includes achondrites and chondrites as members. Indexed with achondrites or chondrites as applicable. |
| Acceglio Italy | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Southern Europe | |
| ..Italy | |
| ...Piemonte Italy | |
| ....Acceglio Italy | |
| SN | Village in NW Italy. |
| acceleration | |
|---|---|
| RT | accelerograms |
| accelerometers | |
| motions | |
| seismic response | |
| velocity | |
| SN | General term. Added to Thesaurus in 1993. |
| accelerator mass spectroscopy | |
|---|---|
| BT | spectroscopy |
| .mass spectroscopy | |
| ..accelerator mass spectroscopy | |
| RT | absolute age |
| C-14 | |
| Al-26 | |
| chemical analysis | |
| instruments | |
| Si-32 | |
| SN | Particle accelerator and mass spectrometer. May be used in dating using cosmogenic isotopes. Before 1993, also search AMS. Added to Thesaurus in 1993. |
| accelerograms | |
|---|---|
| RT | seismology |
| acceleration | |
| accelerometers | |
| earthquakes | |
| engineering geology | |
| SN | Used for data. For the instrument, use accelerometers. Also search acceleration. |
| accelerographs | |
|---|---|
| USE | accelerometers |
| accelerometers | |
|---|---|
| UF | accelerographs |
| RT | seismology |
| acceleration | |
| accelerograms | |
| instruments | |
| engineering geology | |
| SN | Used for the instrument. Use accelerograms for data. Added to Thesaurus in 1981. |
| accessory minerals | |
|---|---|
| RT | heavy minerals |
| minerals | |
| petrology | |
| SN | Before 1978, search minerals AND accessory. |
| Accomac County Virginia | |
|---|---|
| USE | Accomack County Virginia |
| Accomack County Virginia | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Virginia | |
| ..Accomack County Virginia | |
| NT | Wachapreague Inlet |
| UF | Accomac County Virginia |
| SN | On the Delmarva Peninsula. |
| accommodation zones | |
|---|---|
| RT | block structures |
| decollement | |
| detachment faults | |
| extension tectonics | |
| faults | |
| hinge faults | |
| listric faults | |
| plate boundaries | |
| plate tectonics | |
| rift zones | |
| rifting | |
| tectonics | |
| transfer faults | |
| transform faults | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1995. |
| Accra Ghana | |
|---|---|
| BT | Africa |
| .West Africa | |
| ..Ghana | |
| ...Accra Ghana | |
| SN | City on the Gulf of Guinea. |
| accreting plate boundary | |
|---|---|
| UF | divergent plate boundaries |
| RT | plate boundaries |
| plate tectonics | |
| rifting | |
| accretion | |
| passive margins | |
| plate divergence | |
| sea-floor spreading | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1993. |
| accretion | |
|---|---|
| RT | accreting plate boundary |
| deposition | |
| Moon | |
| planetesimals | |
| planetology | |
| rifting | |
| sedimentation | |
| tectonics | |
| SN | Term used for sedimentation through 1977. After 1977, term includes use as genetic concept for the Moon and planets. |
| accretionary prisms | |
|---|---|
| USE | accretionary wedges |
| accretionary wedges | |
|---|---|
| UF | accretionary prisms |
| RT | tectonics |
| plate tectonics | |
| terranes | |
| underplating | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| accumulation | |
|---|---|
| SN | As of 1981, no longer a valid term for GeoRef. Before 1981, used as a general term. |
| accumulation, petroleum | |
|---|---|
| USE | petroleum accumulation |
| accuracy | |
|---|---|
| RT | calibration |
| corrections | |
| efficiency | |
| errors | |
| measurement | |
| precision | |
| quality control | |
| registration | |
| reliability | |
| SN | Used as a general term. Also see precision. |
| Acer | |
|---|---|
| BT | Plantae |
| .Spermatophyta | |
| ..Angiospermae | |
| ...Dicotyledoneae | |
| ....Acer | |
| SN | Genus. |
| acetate | |
|---|---|
| BT | organic compounds |
| .acetate | |
| RT | acetic acid |
| esters | |
| SN | Compound derived from acetic acid. Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| acetic acid | |
|---|---|
| BT | organic compounds |
| .organic acids | |
| ..carboxylic acids | |
| ...acetic acid | |
| UF | ethanoic acid |
| RT | acetate |
| biochemistry | |
| SN | CH |
| acetylene | |
|---|---|
| BT | organic compounds |
| .hydrocarbons | |
| ..aliphatic hydrocarbons | |
| ...alkynes | |
| ....acetylene | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| Acfer Meteorites | |
|---|---|
| BT | meteorites |
| .Acfer Meteorites | |
| RT | Algeria |
| CR chondrites | |
| SN | Large number of stones found strewn over area in S Algeria. Also search using truncation for individual stones e.g. Acfer 001. Meteorites from Tanezrouft or El Djouf areas have been related to some Acfer stones. Added to Thesaurus in 1995. |
| Acheulean | |
|---|---|
| USE | Acheulian |
| Acheulian | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Cenozoic | |
| ...Stone Age | |
| ....Paleolithic | |
| .....Acheulian | |
| UF | Acheulean |
| Acheullian | |
| RT | archaeology |
| SN | Archaeological classification. |
| Acheullian | |
|---|---|
| USE | Acheulian |
| acid mine drainage | |
|---|---|
| RT | acids |
| drainage | |
| environmental geology | |
| mine drainage | |
| mines | |
| pollution | |
| sulfuric acid | |
| SN | Before 1978, also search drainage AND mines. |
| acid precipitation | |
|---|---|
| USE | acid rain |
| acid rain | |
|---|---|
| BT | atmospheric precipitation |
| .rain | |
| ..acid rain | |
| UF | acid precipitation |
| acid rainfall | |
| RT | pollution |
| acidification | |
| critical load | |
| pH | |
| rainfall | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1985. |
| acid rainfall | |
|---|---|
| USE | acid rain |
| acid sulfate soils | |
|---|---|
| BT | soils |
| .acid sulfate soils | |
| Acidalia Planitia | |
|---|---|
| BT | Mars |
| .Acidalia Planitia | |
| SN | Low plain. |
| acidic | |
|---|---|
| SN | A valid index term through 1977. |
| acidic composition | |
|---|---|
| UF | silicic composition |
| RT | acids |
| pH | |
| acidic magmas | |
| felsic composition | |
| igneous rocks | |
| composition | |
| SN | Before 1978, also search acidic. Before 1985, also search silicic. |
| acidic magmas | |
|---|---|
| BT | magmas |
| .acidic magmas | |
| RT | acidic composition |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1981. |
| acidification | |
|---|---|
| RT | acid rain |
| critical load | |
| petroleum engineering | |
| tertiary recovery | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1985. |
| acidity | |
|---|---|
| USE | pH |
| acids | |
|---|---|
| RT | acid mine drainage |
| acidic composition | |
| alanine | |
| amino acids | |
| carboxylic acids | |
| compounds | |
| DNA | |
| fatty acids | |
| fulvic acids | |
| humic acids | |
| hydrochloric acid | |
| hydrofluoric acid | |
| inorganic acids | |
| organic acids | |
| pH | |
| RNA | |
| silicic acid | |
| sulfuric acid | |
| SN | Use only when a more specific term is not known. |
| Ackley Granite | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Paleozoic | |
| ...Devonian | |
| ....Ackley Granite | |
| RT | Newfoundland Island |
| SN | S Newfoundland. Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| acmite | |
|---|---|
| USE | aegirine |
| Acoela | |
|---|---|
| BT | Invertebrata |
| .Mollusca | |
| ..Gastropoda | |
| ...Acoela | |
| Aconcagua Chile | |
|---|---|
| USE | Valparaiso Chile |
| acoustic emissions | |
|---|---|
| USE | acoustical emissions |
| acoustic logging | |
|---|---|
| USE | acoustical logging |
| acoustic methods | |
|---|---|
| USE | acoustical methods |
| acoustic waves | |
|---|---|
| USE | acoustical waves |
| acoustical | |
|---|---|
| SN | A valid index term through 1977. |
| acoustical emissions | |
|---|---|
| UF | acoustic emissions |
| emissions, acoustical | |
| RT | seismology |
| earthquakes | |
| acoustical waves | |
| avalanches | |
| precursors | |
| rock mechanics | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1985. |
| acoustical exploration | |
|---|---|
| SN | Use acoustical logging or acoustical methods. For economic geology, see exploration. |
| acoustical logging | |
|---|---|
| BT | well-logging |
| .acoustical logging | |
| UF | acoustic logging |
| RT | acoustical methods |
| borehole televiewers | |
| impedance | |
| seismic logging | |
| tube waves | |
| SN | Not a valid index term from 1975-1977. Before 1978, also search well-logging AND acoustical. |
| acoustical methods | |
|---|---|
| BT | geophysical methods |
| .acoustical methods | |
| NT | sonar methods |
| UF | acoustic methods |
| RT | acoustical logging |
| borehole televiewers | |
| impedance | |
| air guns | |
| backscattering | |
| Brillouin spectra | |
| deep-tow methods | |
| Doppler effect | |
| echo sounding | |
| eikonal equation | |
| geophones | |
| geophysical surveys | |
| GLORIA | |
| Green function | |
| hydrophones | |
| reflection methods | |
| refraction method | |
| SN | Also search acoustical. For surveys, search with geophysical surveys and an area. For surveys, also index geophysical surveys and the area. |
| acoustical properties | |
|---|---|
| RT | physical properties |
| properties | |
| seismology | |
| acoustical waves | |
|---|---|
| UF | acoustic waves |
| sonic waves | |
| sound waves | |
| RT | seismology |
| acoustical emissions | |
| impedance | |
| elastic waves | |
| waves | |
| SN | Also search acoustic AND waves. |
| Acqui Italy | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Southern Europe | |
| ..Italy | |
| ...Piemonte Italy | |
| ....Acqui Italy | |
| RT | Alessandria Italy |
| SN | Town in NW Italy. |
| acquisition, data | |
|---|---|
| USE | data acquisition |
| Acre Brazil | |
|---|---|
| BT | South America |
| .Brazil | |
| ..Acre Brazil | |
| SN | State in W Brazil. |
| Acreodi | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chordata |
| .Vertebrata | |
| ..Tetrapoda | |
| ...Mammalia | |
| ....Theria | |
| .....Eutheria | |
| ......Condylarthra | |
| .......Acreodi | |
| acritarchs | |
|---|---|
| BT | palynomorphs |
| .acritarchs | |
| NT | Baltisphaeridium |
| Hystrichosphaeridae | |
| RT | microfossils |
| Dinoflagellata | |
| SN | Hystrichosphaeridae is included here and under Dinoflagellata. Indexed with microfossils if applicable. |
| Acropora cervicornis | |
|---|---|
| BT | Invertebrata |
| .Coelenterata | |
| ..Anthozoa | |
| ...Zoantharia | |
| ....Scleractinia | |
| .....Acropora cervicornis | |
| SN | Species. |
| Acropora palmata | |
|---|---|
| BT | Invertebrata |
| .Coelenterata | |
| ..Anthozoa | |
| ...Zoantharia | |
| ....Scleractinia | |
| .....Acropora palmata | |
| SN | Species. |
| Actiniaria | |
|---|---|
| BT | Invertebrata |
| .Coelenterata | |
| ..Anthozoa | |
| ...Zoantharia | |
| ....Actiniaria | |
| SN | Order. |
| actinides | |
|---|---|
| BT | metals |
| .actinides | |
| NT | actinium |
| americium | |
| berkelium | |
| californium | |
| curium | |
| einsteinium | |
| fermium | |
| lawrencium | |
| mendelevium | |
| neptunium | |
| nobelium | |
| plutonium | |
| protactinium | |
| thorium | |
| uranium | |
| SN | Series of heavy, radioactive, metallic elements with atomic numbers 89 to 103. |
| Actinistia | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chordata |
| .Vertebrata | |
| ..Pisces | |
| ...Osteichthyes | |
| ....Sarcopterygii | |
| .....Crossopterygii | |
| ......Actinistia | |
| UF | Coelacanthini |
| SN | Suborder. |
| actinium | |
|---|---|
| BT | metals |
| .actinides | |
| ..actinium | |
| UF | Ac |
| Actinodontida | |
|---|---|
| BT | Invertebrata |
| .Mollusca | |
| ..Bivalvia | |
| ...Actinodontida | |
| UF | Modiomorphoida |
| actinolite | |
|---|---|
| BT | silicates |
| .chain silicates | |
| ..amphibole group | |
| ...clinoamphibole | |
| ....actinolite | |
| RT | actinolite facies |
| asbestos | |
| actinolite facies | |
|---|---|
| BT | facies |
| .actinolite facies | |
| RT | actinolite |
| metamorphic rocks | |
| Actinopterygii | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chordata |
| .Vertebrata | |
| ..Pisces | |
| ...Osteichthyes | |
| ....Actinopterygii | |
| NT | Chondrostei |
| Holostei | |
| Teleostei | |
| SN | Subclass. |
| action, frost | |
|---|---|
| USE | frost action |
| activation analysis | |
|---|---|
| UF | radioactivation analysis |
| RT | isotopes |
| chemical analysis | |
| analysis | |
| neutron activation analysis | |
| SN | Including field applications and instruments. Also search activation. |
| activation energy | |
|---|---|
| RT | energy |
| particles | |
| active faults | |
|---|---|
| BT | faults |
| .active faults | |
| RT | blind faults |
| creep | |
| seismic gaps | |
| active layer | |
|---|---|
| UF | annually thawed layer |
| layer, active | |
| mollisol | |
| RT | soils |
| permafrost | |
| taliks | |
| active margins | |
|---|---|
| RT | continental margin |
| plate boundaries | |
| plate convergence | |
| plate tectonics | |
| plates | |
| subduction zones | |
| underplating | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1985. |
| active tectonics | |
|---|---|
| USE | neotectonics |
| activity | |
|---|---|
| RT | geochemistry |
| reactivity | |
| actual age (absolute age) | |
|---|---|
| USE | absolute age |
| actualism | |
|---|---|
| USE | uniformitarianism |
| Acungui Group | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Precambrian | |
| ..Acungui Group | |
| RT | Brazil |
| Parana Brazil | |
| Ada County Idaho | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Idaho | |
| ..Ada County Idaho | |
| NT | Boise Idaho |
| SN | SW Idaho. |
| Adair County Iowa | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Iowa | |
| ..Adair County Iowa | |
| Adair County Kentucky | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Kentucky | |
| ..Adair County Kentucky | |
| NT | Columbia Kentucky |
| SN | S Kentucky. |
| Adair County Missouri | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Missouri | |
| ..Adair County Missouri | |
| Adair County Oklahoma | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Oklahoma | |
| ..Adair County Oklahoma | |
| Adak Island | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Alaska | |
| ..Southwestern Alaska | |
| ...Aleutian Islands | |
| ....Adak Island | |
| SN | In central part of Aleutian Islands SW of Alaska Peninsula. |
| Adalia Turkey | |
|---|---|
| USE | Antalya Turkey |
| Adamawa | |
|---|---|
| BT | Africa |
| .West Africa | |
| ..Adamawa | |
| RT | Cameroon |
| Nigeria | |
| SN | Region in West Africa, now part of N central Cameroon and E Nigeria. Indexed with Cameroon and/or Nigeria as applicable. |
| adamellite | |
|---|---|
| BT | igneous rocks |
| .plutonic rocks | |
| ..granites | |
| ...adamellite | |
| Adamello Massif | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Southern Europe | |
| ..Italy | |
| ...Lombardy Italy | |
| ....Adamello Massif | |
| BT | Europe |
| .Alps | |
| ..Central Alps | |
| ...Rhaetian Alps | |
| ....Adamello Massif | |
| SN | In Rhaetian Alps in N Italy. This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| adamite | |
|---|---|
| BT | arsenates |
| .adamite | |
| Adamow Mine | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Central Europe | |
| ..Poland | |
| ...Poznan Poland | |
| ....Adamow Mine | |
| RT | mines |
| lignite | |
| SN | Lignite mine in W central Poland. Also search Adamow. |
| Adams County Colorado | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Colorado | |
| ..Adams County Colorado | |
| NT | Rocky Mountain Arsenal |
| RT | Wattenberg Field |
| SN | N central Colorado. |
| Adams County Idaho | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Idaho | |
| ..Adams County Idaho | |
| RT | Seven Devils Mountains |
| SN | W Idaho. |
| Adams County Illinois | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Illinois | |
| ..Adams County Illinois | |
| SN | W Illinois. |
| Adams County Indiana | |
|---|---|
| BT | Indiana |
| .Adams County Indiana | |
| SN | E Indiana. |
| Adams County Iowa | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Iowa | |
| ..Adams County Iowa | |
| SN | SW Iowa. |
| Adams County Mississippi | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Mississippi | |
| ..Adams County Mississippi | |
| SN | SW Mississippi. |
| Adams County Nebraska | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Nebraska | |
| ..Adams County Nebraska | |
| SN | S Nebraska. |
| Adams County North Dakota | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .North Dakota | |
| ..Adams County North Dakota | |
| SN | SW North Dakota. |
| Adams County Ohio | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Ohio | |
| ..Adams County Ohio | |
| SN | S Ohio. |
| Adams County Pennsylvania | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Pennsylvania | |
| ..Adams County Pennsylvania | |
| SN | S Pennsylvania. |
| Adams County Washington | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Washington | |
| ..Adams County Washington | |
| SN | SE Washington. |
| Adams County Wisconsin | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Wisconsin | |
| ..Adams County Wisconsin | |
| SN | Central Wisconsin. |
| Adana Turkey | |
|---|---|
| BT | Asia |
| .Middle East | |
| ..Turkey | |
| ...Adana Turkey | |
| RT | Anatolia |
| SN | Province in S Anatolia. Also a city. |
| Adapidae | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chordata |
| .Vertebrata | |
| ..Tetrapoda | |
| ...Mammalia | |
| ....Theria | |
| .....Eutheria | |
| ......Primates | |
| .......Prosimii | |
| ........Adapidae | |
| SN | Family. |
| adaptation | |
|---|---|
| RT | adaptive radiation |
| biologic evolution | |
| biotopes | |
| ecology | |
| paleoecology | |
| paleontology | |
| adaptive filters | |
|---|---|
| RT | filters |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1981. |
| adaptive radiation | |
|---|---|
| RT | adaptation |
| behavior | |
| biogeography | |
| biologic evolution | |
| functional morphology | |
| isolation | |
| paleontology | |
| phylogeny | |
| species diversity | |
| SN | Also search radiation and biologic evolution. Added to Thesaurus in 1995. |
| Adavale Basin | |
|---|---|
| BT | Australasia |
| .Australia | |
| ..Queensland Australia | |
| ...Adavale Basin | |
| SN | S central Queensland. |
| Addis Ababa Ethiopia | |
|---|---|
| BT | Africa |
| .East Africa | |
| ..Ethiopia | |
| ...Addis Ababa Ethiopia | |
| SN | City in central Ethiopia. |
| Addison County Vermont | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Vermont | |
| ..Addison County Vermont | |
| SN | W Vermont. |
| addresses | |
|---|---|
| SN | Not a valid GeoRef index term after 1970. See symposia. |
| Adelaide Australia | |
|---|---|
| BT | Australasia |
| .Australia | |
| ..South Australia | |
| ...Adelaide Australia | |
| SN | City on Gulf Saint Vincent in SE South Australia. |
| Adelaide Geosyncline | |
|---|---|
| BT | Australasia |
| .Australia | |
| ..South Australia | |
| ...Adelaide Geosyncline | |
| RT | geosynclines |
| Stuart Shelf | |
| Adelaide Island | |
|---|---|
| BT | Antarctica |
| .Adelaide Island | |
| SN | Off W coast of Antarctic Peninsula S of Cape Horn. |
| Adelaidean | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Precambrian | |
| ..Proterozoic | |
| ...Adelaidean | |
| UF | Adelaidean system |
| RT | Mesoproterozoic |
| Neoproterozoic | |
| Australia | |
| SN | SE Australia. Meso- and Neoproterozoic. |
| Adelaidean system | |
|---|---|
| USE | Adelaidean |
| Adelie Coast | |
|---|---|
| BT | Antarctica |
| .Adelie Coast | |
| UF | Adelie Land |
| SN | In the French Sector on the Indian Ocean side S of Australia. |
| Adelie Land | |
|---|---|
| USE | Adelie Coast |
| Aden protectorate | |
|---|---|
| USE | Aden Yemen |
| Aden Yemen | |
|---|---|
| BT | Asia |
| .Arabian Peninsula | |
| ..Yemen | |
| ...Aden Yemen | |
| UF | Aden protectorate |
| SN | City on Gulf of Aden. Former British Colony. Before 1993, also search Aden. |
| Adetognathus | |
|---|---|
| BT | microfossils |
| .Conodonta | |
| ..Adetognathus | |
| SN | Genus. |
| adiabatic demagnetization | |
|---|---|
| BT | demagnetization |
| .adiabatic demagnetization | |
| RT | geophysics |
| magnetization | |
| paleomagnetism | |
| remanent magnetization | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1981. |
| Adirondack Anorthosite | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Precambrian | |
| ..Adirondack Anorthosite | |
| RT | New York |
| SN | NE New York. |
| Adirondack Mountains | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .New York | |
| ..Adirondack Mountains | |
| UF | Adirondacks |
| RT | Appalachians |
| Blue Mountain Lake | |
| Canadian Shield | |
| Goodnow earthquake 1983 | |
| Marcy Massif | |
| SN | NE New York. |
| Adirondacks | |
|---|---|
| USE | Adirondack Mountains |
| Admire Kansas | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Kansas | |
| ..Lyon County Kansas | |
| ...Admire Kansas | |
| SN | Village in E central Kansas. |
| Adour Basin | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Western Europe | |
| ..France | |
| ...Adour Basin | |
| RT | Gers France |
| Landes France | |
| SN | River basin in extreme SW France. Also search Adour. |
| Adrar | |
|---|---|
| BT | Africa |
| .West Africa | |
| ..Mauritania | |
| ...Adrar | |
| SN | Interior region in W Mauritania near Western Sahara border. |
| Adrar des Iforas | |
|---|---|
| BT | Africa |
| .Adrar des Iforas | |
| RT | Algeria |
| Mali | |
| Sahara | |
| SN | Region in E Mali and S Algeria. Indexed with countries as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| Adrastea Satellite | |
|---|---|
| RT | Jupiter |
| satellites | |
| Voyager Program | |
| SN | One of the satellites of Jupiter. Before 1989, also search Adrastea AND Jupiter. Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| Adria Plate | |
|---|---|
| USE | Adriatic Plate |
| Adriatic Coast | |
|---|---|
| USE | Adriatic region |
| Adriatic Plate | |
|---|---|
| UF | Adria Plate |
| Apulian Plate | |
| RT | Italy |
| plate tectonics | |
| plates | |
| Adriatic region | |
| Apulia Italy | |
| SN | Indexed with geographic area and/or age as applicable. |
| Adriatic region | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Adriatic region | |
| UF | Adriatic Coast |
| RT | Italy |
| Adriatic Plate | |
| Albania | |
| Croatia | |
| Montenegro | |
| Slovenia | |
| Yugoslavia | |
| SN | Indexed with countries or regions as applicable. |
| Adriatic Sea | |
|---|---|
| BT | Mediterranean Sea |
| .East Mediterranean | |
| ..Adriatic Sea | |
| RT | Dalmatia |
| SN | Between Italy on the W, and Slovenia, Croatia, Yugoslavia and Albania on the E. |
| adsorption | |
|---|---|
| RT | absorption |
| chromatography | |
| clay mineralogy | |
| desorption | |
| geochemistry | |
| hydrophobic materials | |
| Langmuir equation | |
| processes | |
| resorption | |
| solution | |
| sorption | |
| surfactants | |
| wettability | |
| adularia | |
|---|---|
| BT | silicates |
| .framework silicates | |
| ..feldspar group | |
| ...alkali feldspar | |
| ....adularia | |
| RT | aluminosilicates |
| K-feldspar | |
| orthoclase | |
| Advanced Very-High Resolution Radiometry | |
|---|---|
| USE | AVHRR |
| advection | |
|---|---|
| RT | convection |
| diffusion | |
| geochemistry | |
| processes | |
| solute transport | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1993. |
| Adzhar Georgian Republic | |
|---|---|
| USE | Adzharistan Georgian Republic |
| Adzharia Georgian Republic | |
|---|---|
| USE | Adzharistan Georgian Republic |
| Adzharistan Georgian Republic | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Georgian Republic | |
| ..Adzharistan Georgian Republic | |
| NT | Batumi Georgian Republic |
| UF | Adzhar Georgian Republic |
| Adzharia Georgian Republic | |
| SN | Former Adzhar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic in SW Georgian Republic. |
| Aegean Islands | |
|---|---|
| BT | Mediterranean region |
| .Aegean Islands | |
| NT | Greek Aegean Islands |
| RT | Turkish Aegean region |
| Aegean Sea | |
|---|---|
| BT | Mediterranean Sea |
| .East Mediterranean | |
| ..Aegean Sea | |
| RT | Greek Aegean Islands |
| Kalamata earthquake 1986 | |
| SN | Between Greece on the W and Turkey on the E. |
| aegerine | |
|---|---|
| USE | aegirine |
| Aegina | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Southern Europe | |
| ..Greece | |
| ...Sterea Ellas | |
| ....Aegina | |
| SN | Island in Saronic Gulf. After 1993, use Aegina Greece for the town. |
| aegirine | |
|---|---|
| BT | silicates |
| .chain silicates | |
| ..pyroxene group | |
| ...clinopyroxene | |
| ....aegirine | |
| UF | acmite |
| aegerine | |
| aenigmatite | |
|---|---|
| BT | silicates |
| .chain silicates | |
| ..aenigmatite | |
| UF | enigmatite |
| RT | rhonite |
| aeolian | |
|---|---|
| SN | Not a valid term for GeoRef. See wind erosion, wind transport, or winds. |
| Aeolian Islands | |
|---|---|
| USE | Lipari Islands |
| aeolianite | |
|---|---|
| USE | eolianite |
| aeolotropy | |
|---|---|
| USE | anisotropy |
| aerial photographs | |
|---|---|
| USE | aerial photography |
| aerial photography | |
|---|---|
| UF | aerial photographs |
| RT | cartography |
| geomorphology | |
| landform description | |
| maps | |
| mosaics | |
| photogeology | |
| photogrammetry | |
| photography | |
| pixels | |
| remote sensing | |
| space photography | |
| SN | Also search aerial. |
| aerobic environment | |
|---|---|
| RT | anaerobic environment |
| depositional environment | |
| paleoecology | |
| SN | Before 1978, search aerobic. |
| aeromagnetic maps | |
|---|---|
| BT | maps |
| .aeromagnetic maps | |
| RT | geophysical methods |
| geophysical surveys | |
| airborne methods | |
| geophysical survey maps | |
| magnetic methods | |
| magnetic survey maps | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1983. |
| aeromagnetic surveys | |
|---|---|
| SN | A valid term through 1973. Use magnetic methods and airborne methods with geophysical surveys. Also search aeromagnetic. |
| Aeronian | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Paleozoic | |
| ...Silurian | |
| ....Llandovery | |
| .....Aeronian | |
| aeronomy | |
|---|---|
| SN | As of 1993, no longer a valid term. Usually out-of-scope for GeoRef. |
| aerosols | |
|---|---|
| RT | air-sea interface |
| ash | |
| atmosphere | |
| convection | |
| meteorology | |
| particles | |
| radioactive tracers | |
| turbidity | |
| aeschynite | |
|---|---|
| BT | oxides |
| .niobates | |
| ..aeschynite | |
| UF | aschynite |
| eschinite | |
| eschynite | |
| Afar | |
|---|---|
| BT | Africa |
| .Afar | |
| UF | Danakil |
| Dankalia | |
| RT | Ethiopia |
| Afar Depression | |
| Djibouti | |
| Eritrea | |
| Hadar | |
| Hadar Formation | |
| SN | Large desert region mostly in Ethiopia. Indexed with Djibouti and/or Ethiopia and/or Eritrea as applicable. |
| Afar Depression |
|---|
| Afar Rift |
|---|
| Afars and Issas Territory | |
|---|---|
| USE | Djibouti |
| affinities | |
|---|---|
| RT | Invertebrata |
| mineral resources | |
| Plantae | |
| Vertebrata | |
| SN | Also search geochemical affinities if applicable. |
| afforestation | |
|---|---|
| USE | vegetation |
| Afghan-Tadzhik Basin | |
|---|---|
| USE | Afghan-Tajik Basin |
| Afghan-Tajik Basin | |
|---|---|
| BT | Asia |
| .Afghan-Tajik Basin | |
| UF | Afghan-Tadzhik Basin |
| Afghan-Tajik Depression | |
| RT | Afghanistan |
| Tajik Depression | |
| Tajikistan | |
| SN | Also search Afghan-Tadzhik. Indexed with Afghanistan and/or Tajikistan as applicable. |
| Afghan-Tajik Depression | |
|---|---|
| USE | Afghan-Tajik Basin |
| AFM | |
|---|---|
| SN | See atomic force microscopy if applicable. |
| African Plate | |
|---|---|
| RT | Africa |
| plate tectonics | |
| plates | |
| SN | Includes the continent of Africa, adjoining areas of the Atlantic and Indian oceans, Madagascar, and much of E Mediterranean Sea. Indexed with geographic area and/or age as applicable. |
| African Platform | |
|---|---|
| BT | Africa |
| .African Platform | |
| SN | A vast platform of complex Precambrian and Paleozoic rocks, partly covered by Mesozoic and Tertiary sedimentary rocks, which underlies the entire continent. |
| aftershocks | |
|---|---|
| RT | earthquakes |
| focus | |
| foreshocks | |
| main shocks | |
| seismology | |
| Aftonian | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Cenozoic | |
| ...Quarternary | |
| ....Pleistocene | |
| .....Lower Pleistocene | |
| ......Aftonian | |
| SN | Interglacial interval. North America. |
| Ag | |
|---|---|
| USE | silver |
| Agades Niger | |
|---|---|
| BT | Africa |
| .West Africa | |
| ..Niger | |
| ...Agades Niger | |
| UF | Agadez Niger |
| SN | Town in W central Niger. |
| Agadez Niger | |
|---|---|
| USE | Agades Niger |
| Agarak | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Armenia | |
| ..Agarak | |
| SN | Mining region in central Armenia. This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| agate | |
|---|---|
| BT | silicates |
| .framework silicates | |
| ..silica minerals | |
| ...agate | |
| RT | amygdules |
| chalcedony | |
| gems | |
| quartz | |
| SN | Variety of quartz. |
| age | |
|---|---|
| RT | absolute age |
| exposure age | |
| ground water | |
| maturity | |
| ocean basins | |
| P-T-t paths | |
| relative age | |
| residence time | |
| age determination | |
|---|---|
| SN | Not a valid term for GeoRef. For absolute age determination, use absolute age in conjunction with dates. See relative age for specific methods. |
| Ager Formation | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Cenozoic | |
| ...Paleogene | |
| ....Eocene | |
| .....lower Eocene | |
| ......Ager Formation | |
| RT | Spain |
| SN | Catalonia and the Pyrenees. |
| agglomerate | |
|---|---|
| RT | breccia |
| conglomerate | |
| igneous rocks | |
| pyroclastics | |
| sedimentary rocks | |
| agglutinates | |
|---|---|
| RT | fines |
| Moon | |
| particles | |
| aggradation | |
|---|---|
| RT | geomorphology |
| processes | |
| aggregate | |
|---|---|
| UF | lightweight aggregate |
| RT | pumice deposits |
| soils | |
| construction materials | |
| crushed stone | |
| gravel deposits | |
| morphology | |
| rocks | |
| sand | |
| sands | |
| trap rocks | |
| SN | For the commodity, also search gravel deposits, limestone deposits, granite deposits, or crushed stone as applicable. For the soil unit, search in combination with soils. If a commodity, also index construction materials. |
| aggregation | |
|---|---|
| SN | A valid term through 1975. After 1975, use sedimentation. |
| AGI | |
|---|---|
| UF | American Geological Institute |
| RT | associations |
| SN | Acronym. Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| Agly Massif | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Western Europe | |
| ..France | |
| ...Pyrenees-Orientales France | |
| ....Agly Massif | |
| SN | S France. |
| agmatite | |
|---|---|
| BT | metamorphic rocks |
| .migmatites | |
| ..agmatite | |
| Agnatha | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chordata |
| .Vertebrata | |
| ..Agnatha | |
| NT | Heterostraci |
| Osteostraci | |
| Ostracodermi | |
| RT | Pisces |
| Cyclostomata | |
| SN | Class. |
| Agnes | |
|---|---|
| SN | No longer a valid term for GeoRef. See Hurricane Agnes. |
| Agnostida | |
|---|---|
| BT | Invertebrata |
| .Arthropoda | |
| ..Trilobitomorpha | |
| ...Trilobita | |
| ....Agnostida | |
| Agnotozoic | |
|---|---|
| USE | Proterozoic |
| agpaite | |
|---|---|
| BT | igneous rocks |
| .plutonic rocks | |
| ..syenites | |
| ...agpaite | |
| agrichemicals | |
|---|---|
| USE | agrochemicals |
| Agricola Lake | |
|---|---|
| BT | Canada |
| .Western Canada | |
| ..Mackenzie District Northwest Territories | |
| ...Agricola Lake | |
| SN | This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| agricultural chemicals | |
|---|---|
| USE | agrochemicals |
| agricultural waste | |
|---|---|
| UF | waste, agricultural |
| RT | agriculture |
| agrochemicals | |
| waste disposal | |
| SN | Before 1978, search agricultural. |
| agriculture | |
|---|---|
| RT | agricultural waste |
| fertilization | |
| fertilizers | |
| horticultural peat | |
| land management | |
| land use | |
| soils | |
| U. S. Department of Agriculture | |
| agrochemicals | |
|---|---|
| UF | agrichemicals |
| agricultural chemicals | |
| RT | pollution |
| soils | |
| agricultural waste | |
| fertilizers | |
| alachlor | |
| aldicarb | |
| atrazine | |
| bentazon | |
| chemical waste | |
| chlorobenzene | |
| chlorophenols | |
| CREAMS | |
| cyanazine | |
| DDT | |
| fungicides | |
| GLEAMS | |
| herbicides | |
| hexachlorobenzene | |
| insecticides | |
| metolachlor | |
| nutrients | |
| pesticides | |
| pollutants | |
| tria | |
| SN | Mainly compounds or mixtures used on farm crops. They include fertilizers, pesticides, soil conditioners, and plant hormones. Also index pollutants and specific chemicals e.g. DDT, as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1995. |
| Agrokipia Deposit | |
|---|---|
| BT | Asia |
| .Middle East | |
| ..Cyprus | |
| ...Agrokipia Deposit | |
| RT | base metals |
| copper ores | |
| iron ores | |
| Troodos Massif | |
| Troodos Ophiolite | |
| zinc ores | |
| SN | Iron-zinc-copper sulfide stockwork deposit. Before 1993, also search Agrokipia and commodity. Added to Thesaurus in 1993. |
| Agto Greenland | |
|---|---|
| BT | Arctic region |
| .Greenland | |
| ..Agto Greenland | |
| SN | Fishing settlement on small island in Davis Strait. |
| AGU | |
|---|---|
| UF | American Geophysical Union |
| RT | associations |
| SN | Acronym. Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| Agua Blanca Fault | |
|---|---|
| RT | Baja California |
| California | |
| Mexico | |
| North America | |
| SN | Indexed with North America or states as applicable. |
| Aguacate Group | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Cenozoic | |
| ...Neogene | |
| ....Aguacate Group | |
| RT | Pliocene |
| Miocene | |
| Mexico | |
| Costa Rica | |
| SN | Miocene-Pliocene. Costa Rica and Mexico. Indexed with ages as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| Aguja Formation | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Mesozoic | |
| ...Cretaceous | |
| ....Upper Cretaceous | |
| .....Gulfian | |
| ......Aguja Formation | |
| RT | Texas |
| SN | W Texas. Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| Agulhas Bank | |
|---|---|
| BT | Indian Ocean |
| .Agulhas Bank | |
| RT | Table Mountain Group |
| SN | South of Cape of Good Hope. |
| Agung, Mount | |
|---|---|
| USE | Mount Agung |
| Ahaggar | |
|---|---|
| BT | Africa |
| .North Africa | |
| ..Algeria | |
| ...Ahaggar | |
| UF | Ahaggar Mountains |
| Hoggar Mountains | |
| RT | Sahara |
| Aleksod | |
| Gour Oumelalen | |
| Tassili n'Ajjer | |
| SN | Volcanic upland in SE Algeria. |
| Ahaggar Mountains | |
|---|---|
| USE | Ahaggar |
| ahermatypic taxa | |
|---|---|
| UF | taxa, ahermatypic |
| RT | Coelenterata |
| hermatypic taxa | |
| SN | Before 1978, search ahermatypic. |
| Ahnet | |
|---|---|
| BT | Africa |
| .North Africa | |
| ..Algeria | |
| ...Ahnet | |
| SN | Region in S central Algeria. |
| Ahvenanmaa | |
|---|---|
| USE | Aland |
| AI | |
|---|---|
| SN | Not a valid term for GeoRef. Sometimes used as the abbreviation for artificial intelligence. |
| Aichi Japan | |
|---|---|
| BT | nshu |
| .Aichi Japan | |
| NT | Atsumi Peninsula |
| Mikawa | |
| Shonai River | |
| RT | Chubu Japan |
| Ise Bay | |
| Kiso Mountains | |
| Tokai Japan | |
| Yahagi River | |
| SN | Prefecture in central Honshu. Capital is Nagoya. |
| aid projects | |
|---|---|
| RT | economic agreements |
| economics | |
| international cooperation | |
| SN | Usually out-of-scope for GeoRef. Added to Thesaurus in 1981. |
| Aigoual Massif | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Western Europe | |
| ..France | |
| ...Cevennes | |
| ....Aigoual Massif | |
| RT | Gard France |
| Lozere France | |
| SN | In Cevennes Mountains in S France. |
| Aiguilles Rouges | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Alps | |
| ..Aiguilles Rouges | |
| RT | French Alps |
| Haute-Savoie France | |
| Swiss Alps | |
| Valais Switzerland | |
| SN | Alpine range in Haute-Savoie, SE France and in Valais, SW Switzerland. Also index Haute-Savoie France and/or Valais Switzerland and mountain ranges as applicable. |
| Aiken County South Carolina | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .South Carolina | |
| ..Aiken County South Carolina | |
| NT | Aiken South Carolina |
| RT | Savannah River Plant |
| SN | W South Carolina. |
| Aiken South Carolina | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .South Carolina | |
| ..Aiken County South Carolina | |
| ...Aiken South Carolina | |
| SN | City in W South Carolina. |
| aikinite | |
|---|---|
| BT | sulfides |
| .aikinite | |
| Ain France | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Western Europe | |
| ..France | |
| ...Ain France | |
| RT | Jura Mountains |
| SN | Department in E France. |
| air | |
|---|---|
| RT | air-water interface |
| atmosphere | |
| background level | |
| Clean Air Act | |
| critical load | |
| pollution | |
| air fields | |
|---|---|
| USE | airports |
| air guns | |
|---|---|
| UF | airguns |
| RT | instruments |
| acoustical methods | |
| geophysical methods | |
| seismic methods | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1985. |
| air-sea interface | |
|---|---|
| UF | interface, air-sea |
| RT | oceanography |
| aerosols | |
| atmosphere | |
| meteorology | |
| air-water interface | |
| atmospheric transport | |
| boundary interactions | |
| interfaces | |
| air-water interface | |
|---|---|
| UF | water-air interface |
| RT | air-sea interface |
| air | |
| interfaces | |
| water | |
| SN | Use air-sea interface if applicable. |
| Aira Caldera | |
|---|---|
| BT | Asia |
| .Far East | |
| ..Japan | |
| ...Kyushu | |
| ....Kagoshima Japan | |
| .....Aira Caldera | |
| RT | Ontake |
| Sakura-jima | |
| SN | Kagoshima Prefecture, Kyushu, S Japan. |
| airborne | |
|---|---|
| SN | A valid index term through 1977. After 1977, use airborne methods. |
| airborne methods | |
|---|---|
| NT | AVHRR |
| AVIRIS | |
| RT | aeromagnetic maps |
| aircraft | |
| geophysical methods | |
| geophysical surveys | |
| ground methods | |
| magnetic methods | |
| multispectral scanner | |
| photogeology | |
| remote sensing | |
| SAR | |
| SLAR | |
| thematic mapper | |
| total-field methods | |
| vertical-gradient methods | |
| SN | Before 1978, also search airborne. |
| Airborne Visible-Infrared Imaging Spectrometer | |
|---|---|
| USE | AVIRIS |
| aircraft | |
|---|---|
| RT | airborne methods |
| ash clouds | |
| flight | |
| geologic hazards | |
| safety | |
| volcanic risk | |
| SN | For ground facilities, use airports. Also search aviation safety if applicable. |
| airfields | |
|---|---|
| USE | airports |
| airglow | |
|---|---|
| SN | As of 1981, no longer a valid term. Usually out of scope for GeoRef. Used with ionosphere. |
| airguns | |
|---|---|
| USE | air guns |
| airports | |
|---|---|
| UF | air fields |
| airfields | |
| aviation facilities | |
| RT | pollution |
| engineering geology | |
| environmental geology | |
| land use | |
| military facilities | |
| SN | Indexed with military facilities if applicable. |
| Airy waves | |
|---|---|
| BT | elastic waves |
| .Airy waves | |
| RT | seismology |
| waves | |
| seismic waves | |
| surface waves | |
| Aisne France | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Western Europe | |
| ..France | |
| ...Aisne France | |
| RT | Oise River valley |
| Somme River valley | |
| SN | Department in N France. |
| Aitkin County Minnesota | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Minnesota | |
| ..Aitkin County Minnesota | |
| Aix-en-Provence France | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Western Europe | |
| ..France | |
| ...Bouches-du-Rhone France | |
| ....Aix-en-Provence France | |
| SN | City in SE France. |
| Aizu Basin | |
|---|---|
| BT | nshu |
| .Aizu Basin | |
| RT | Fukushima Japan |
| SN | Fukushima Prefecture, N central Honshu. Also search Aizu. Indexed with Fukushima Japan if applicable. |
| Ajay River | |
|---|---|
| BT | Asia |
| .Indian Peninsula | |
| ..India | |
| ...Ajay River | |
| RT | Bihar India |
| West Bengal India | |
| SN | Indexed with Indian states as applicable. |
| Ajman | |
|---|---|
| BT | Asia |
| .Arabian Peninsula | |
| ..United Arab Emirates | |
| ...Ajman | |
| SN | Sheikdom. One of federation of 7 states at S end of Persian Gulf. |
| Ajmer India | |
|---|---|
| BT | Asia |
| .Indian Peninsula | |
| ..India | |
| ...Rajasthan India | |
| ....Ajmer India | |
| SN | City and district in central Rajasthan, NW India. |
| akaganeite | |
|---|---|
| BT | oxides |
| .akaganeite | |
| RT | iron hydroxides |
| iron oxides | |
| Akaishi Mountains | |
|---|---|
| BT | nshu |
| .Japanese Alps | |
| ..Akaishi Mountains | |
| RT | Fossa Magna |
| Nagano Japan | |
| Shizuoka Japan | |
| Yamanashi Japan | |
| SN | S Japanese Alps, central Honshu. Indexed with prefecture or prefectures as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| Akbastau Kazakhstan | |
|---|---|
| BT | Commonwealth of Independent States |
| .Kazakhstan | |
| ..Akbastau Kazakhstan | |
| SN | Village NE of Chimkent in S central Kazakhstan. This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| Akchagylian | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Cenozoic | |
| ...Neogene | |
| ....Pliocene | |
| .....upper Pliocene | |
| ......Akchagylian | |
| RT | upper Tertiary |
| SN | Europe. |
| Akchatau Kazakhstan | |
|---|---|
| BT | Commonwealth of Independent States |
| .Kazakhstan | |
| ..Karaganda Kazakhstan | |
| ...Akchatau Kazakhstan | |
| SN | Town in SE Karaganda oblast in E central Kazakhstan. This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| Akenobe Mine | |
|---|---|
| BT | ogo Japan |
| .Akenobe Mine | |
| RT | mines |
| polymetallic ores | |
| SN | Polymetallic ores. Hyogo Prefecture, S Honshu. |
| Akera River | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Azerbaijan | |
| ..Akera River | |
| SN | River in SW Azerbaijan. This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| akermanite | |
|---|---|
| BT | silicates |
| .orthosilicates | |
| ..sorosilicates | |
| ...melilite group | |
| ....akermanite | |
| Akhaltsikhe Georgian Republic | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Georgian Republic | |
| ..Akhaltsikhe Georgian Republic | |
| SN | City in S Georgian Republic. Before 1993, also search Akhaltsikh. |
| Akhtala Armenia | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Armenia | |
| ..Akhtala Armenia | |
| SN | Town in N Armenia. This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| Akita City Japan | |
|---|---|
| BT | nshu |
| .Akita Japan | |
| ..Akita City Japan | |
| SN | City on Japan Sea in N Honshu. Before 1993, also search Akita Japan. |
| Akita Japan | |
|---|---|
| BT | nshu |
| .Akita Japan | |
| NT | Akita City Japan |
| Hanaoka Mine | |
| Hanawa Mine | |
| Hokuroku Japan | |
| Kosaka Mine | |
| Odate Japan | |
| Oga Peninsula | |
| Shakanai Mine | |
| RT | Chokai |
| Koma-ga-take | |
| Nagano City Japan | |
| Tamagawa | |
| Tohoku | |
| SN | Prefecture including the city in N Honshu. |
| Akiyoshi | |
|---|---|
| BT | nshu |
| .Akiyoshi | |
| SN | Limestone region in extreme SW Honshu. |
| Akiyoshi Limestone | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Paleozoic | |
| ...Permian | |
| ....Akiyoshi Limestone | |
| RT | Honshu |
| Japan | |
| SN | SW Honshu. |
| Akjoujt Mauritania | |
|---|---|
| BT | Africa |
| .West Africa | |
| ..Mauritania | |
| ...Akjoujt Mauritania | |
| SN | Village in W central Mauritania. |
| Akron Ohio | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Ohio | |
| ..Summit County Ohio | |
| ...Akron Ohio | |
| SN | City in NE Ohio. |
| Aksu | |
|---|---|
| SN | No longer a valid term for GeoRef. See Aksu Kazakhstan. Aksu may also have been used for town in Xinjiang China. That town is now called Wensu. |
| Aksu Kazakhstan | |
|---|---|
| BT | Commonwealth of Independent States |
| .Kazakhstan | |
| ..Aksu Kazakhstan | |
| SN | Village in Taldy Kurgan oblast, Kazakhstan. This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| Aktyubinsk Kazakhstan | |
|---|---|
| BT | Commonwealth of Independent States |
| .Kazakhstan | |
| ..Aktyubinsk Kazakhstan | |
| NT | Emba Field |
| Emba Kazakhstan | |
| Irgiz Kazakhstan | |
| Zhamanshin Crater | |
| RT | irghizite |
| Mugodzhar Hills | |
| SN | Oblast and city in W central Kazakhstan. This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| Akzhal Kazakhstan | |
|---|---|
| BT | Commonwealth of Independent States |
| .Kazakhstan | |
| ..Semipalatinsk Kazakhstan | |
| ...Akzhal Kazakhstan | |
| SN | Town in E Semipalatinsk oblast in E Kazakhstan. This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| Al | |
|---|---|
| USE | aluminum |
| Al-26 | |
|---|---|
| BT | isotopes |
| .radioactive isotopes | |
| ..Al-26 | |
| BT | metals |
| .aluminum | |
| ..Al-26 | |
| RT | accelerator mass spectroscopy |
| Al-27/Al-26 | |
| SN | This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| Al-26/Al-27 | |
|---|---|
| USE | Al-27/Al-26 |
| Al-27 | |
|---|---|
| BT | metals |
| .aluminum | |
| ..Al-27 | |
| BT | isotopes |
| .stable isotopes | |
| ..Al-27 | |
| RT | Al-27/Al-26 |
| SN | This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| Al-27/Al-26 | |
|---|---|
| BT | isotopes |
| .radioactive isotopes | |
| ..Al-27/Al-26 | |
| BT | metals |
| .aluminum | |
| ..Al-27/Al-26 | |
| BT | isotopes |
| .stable isotopes | |
| ..Al-27/Al-26 | |
| UF | Al-26/Al-27 |
| RT | Al-26 |
| Al-27 | |
| isotope ratios | |
| SN | This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| Al-Kufrah Basin | |
|---|---|
| USE | Kufra Basin |
| Al-Qusayr Egypt | |
|---|---|
| USE | Kosseir Egypt |
| Al-Quseir Egypt | |
|---|---|
| USE | Kosseir Egypt |
| Ala-Kul Lake | |
|---|---|
| USE | Alakol |
| Alabama River | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Alabama | |
| ..Alabama River | |
| SN | Central and SW Alabama. |
| alabandine | |
|---|---|
| USE | alabandite |
| alabandite | |
|---|---|
| BT | sulfides |
| .alabandite | |
| UF | alabandine |
| manganblende | |
| RT | manganese minerals |
| alabaster | |
|---|---|
| BT | sulfates |
| .alabaster | |
| UF | onyx marble |
| RT | aragonite |
| calcite | |
| gypsum | |
| alachlor | |
|---|---|
| BT | pesticides |
| .herbicides | |
| ..alachlor | |
| RT | agrochemicals |
| pollutants | |
| toxic materials | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1995. |
| Alachua County Florida | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Florida | |
| ..Alachua County Florida | |
| SN | N Florida. |
| Alacran Reef | |
|---|---|
| BT | Atlantic Ocean |
| .North Atlantic | |
| ..Gulf of Mexico | |
| ...Alacran Reef | |
| SN | Off north Yucatan coast. |
| Alae Crater | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Hawaii | |
| ..Hawaii County Hawaii | |
| ...Hawaii Island | |
| ....Alae Crater | |
| RT | Kilauea |
| volcanoes | |
| SN | On Kilauea Volcano on Hawaii Island. This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| Alagoas Brazil | |
|---|---|
| BT | South America |
| .Brazil | |
| ..Alagoas Brazil | |
| RT | Sao Francisco Basin |
| Sergipe-Alagoas Basin | |
| SN | State in NE Brazil. |
| Alai Range | |
|---|---|
| BT | Asia |
| .Tien Shan | |
| ..Alai Range | |
| NT | Hissar Range |
| UF | Alay Range |
| RT | Tajikistan |
| Darvaza Range | |
| Kyrgyzstan | |
| Zeravshan Range | |
| SN | One of the W ranges of the Tien Shan in SW Kyrgyzstan. Before 1978, also search Alai. Indexed with former Soviet republics as applicable. |
| Alaia Turkey | |
|---|---|
| USE | Alanya Turkey |
| Alais France | |
|---|---|
| USE | Ales France |
| Alaiye Turkey | |
|---|---|
| USE | Alanya Turkey |
| Alakol | |
|---|---|
| BT | Commonwealth of Independent States |
| .Kazakhstan | |
| ..Alakol | |
| UF | Ala-Kul Lake |
| SN | Lake in Taldy Kurgan Oblast E of Lake Balkhash in E Kazakhstan. This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| Alamance County North Carolina | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .North Carolina | |
| ..Alamance County North Carolina | |
| Alameda County California | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .California | |
| ..Alameda County California | |
| NT | Berkeley California |
| Hayward California | |
| Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory | |
| Livermore California | |
| Oakland California | |
| RT | Greenville Fault |
| San Francisco Bay region | |
| SN | On San Francisco Bay, W California. |
| Alaminos Canyon | |
|---|---|
| BT | Atlantic Ocean |
| .North Atlantic | |
| ..Gulf of Mexico | |
| ...Alaminos Canyon | |
| Alamosa County Colorado | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Colorado | |
| ..Alamosa County Colorado | |
| RT | Alamosa River |
| San Luis Valley | |
| SN | S Colorado. |
| Alamosa River | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Alamosa River | |
| RT | New Mexico |
| Colorado | |
| Alamosa County Colorado | |
| Conejos County Colorado | |
| Rio Grande County Colorado | |
| Rio Grande | |
| SN | SW Colorado, tributary of the Rio Grande. Alamosa River may also be used in SW New Mexico. Indexed with U. S. counties as applicable. |
| Alan Hills Meteorites | |
|---|---|
| USE | Allan Hills Meteorites |
| Aland | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Western Europe | |
| ..Scandinavia | |
| ...Finland | |
| ....Aland | |
| UF | Aaland |
| Ahvenanmaa | |
| Aland Archipelago | |
| Aland Islands | |
| Aland Province Finland | |
| RT | Baltic Sea |
| Gulf of Bothnia | |
| SN | Islands off SW Finland. Used for the Finnish province. Before 1995, Baltic Sea was a broader term. |
| Aland Archipelago | |
|---|---|
| USE | Aland |
| Aland Islands | |
|---|---|
| USE | Aland |
| Aland Province Finland | |
|---|---|
| USE | Aland |
| Alandroal Portugal | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Southern Europe | |
| ..Iberian Peninsula | |
| ...Portugal | |
| ....Evora Portugal | |
| .....Alandroal Portugal | |
| SN | Town in S central Portugal. |
| alanine | |
|---|---|
| BT | organic compounds |
| .organic acids | |
| ..amino acids | |
| ...alanine | |
| RT | geochemistry |
| acids | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| Alanya Turkey | |
|---|---|
| BT | Asia |
| .Middle East | |
| ..Turkey | |
| ...Alanya Turkey | |
| UF | Alaia Turkey |
| Alaiye Turkey | |
| Alaya Turkey | |
| RT | Anatolia |
| SN | Town on the Gulf of Adalia in S Anatolia. |
| Alaska | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Alaska | |
| NT | Alaska Range |
| Delta River | |
| Denali National Park | |
| East-Central Alaska | |
| Northern Alaska | |
| Prince William Terrane | |
| Southeastern Alaska | |
| Southern Alaska | |
| Southwestern Alaska | |
| Tracy Arm | |
| Trans-Alaska Pipeline | |
| West-Central Alaska | |
| Yakutat Terrane | |
| Yukon-Koyukuk Basin | |
| Yukon-Tanana Upland | |
| RT | Ch |
| Alaska earthquake 1964 | |
| Aleutian Islands earthquake 1957 | |
| Alexander Terrane | |
| AMRAP | |
| Andreanof Islands earthquake 1986 | |
| Arctic Coastal Plain | |
| Arctic region | |
| Bear Mountain | |
| Bell Island | |
| Bootlegger Cove Clay | |
| Border Ranges Fault | |
| Bowser Formation | |
| Cache Creek Terrane | |
| SN | As of 1993, divided into six divisions based on U. S. Geological Survey quadrangles; therefore, also search directionals. Before 1971, also search Arctic America. |
| Alaska earthquake 1964 | |
|---|---|
| BT | earthquakes |
| .Alaska earthquake 1964 | |
| RT | Alaska |
| Aleutian Trench | |
| SN | S Alaska. Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| Alaska Mineral Resource Assessment Program | |
|---|---|
| USE | AMRAP |
| Alaska Panhandle | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Alaska | |
| ..Southeastern Alaska | |
| ...Alaska Panhandle | |
| RT | Coast Mountains |
| SN | Before 1993, also search Panhandle AND Alaska. Added to Thesaurus in 1993. |
| Alaska Peninsula | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Alaska | |
| ..Southwestern Alaska | |
| ...Alaska Peninsula | |
| RT | Katmai |
| Novarupta | |
| Pavlof | |
| Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes | |
| SN | SW Alaska. |
| Alaska Range | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Alaska | |
| ..Alaska Range | |
| RT | Denali National Park |
| North American Cordillera | |
| Rainbow Mountain | |
| SN | S central Alaska. |
| alaskite | |
|---|---|
| BT | igneous rocks |
| .plutonic rocks | |
| ..granites | |
| ...alaskite | |
| Alava Spain | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Southern Europe | |
| ..Iberian Peninsula | |
| ...Spain | |
| ....Basque Provinces Spain | |
| .....Alava Spain | |
| NT | Vitoria Spain |
| SN | One of the Basque Provinces in N Spain. |
| Alaverdi Armenia | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Armenia | |
| ..Alaverdi Armenia | |
| UF | Allaverdy Armenia |
| SN | City in N Armenia. This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| Alay Range | |
|---|---|
| USE | Alai Range |
| Alaya Turkey | |
|---|---|
| USE | Alanya Turkey |
| Alazani | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Georgian Republic | |
| ..Alazani | |
| SN | Mining and oil producing area in E Georgian Republic. |
| Alba Patera | |
|---|---|
| BT | Mars |
| .Alba Patera | |
| RT | volcanoes |
| SN | Volcano on Mars. Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| Alba-Iulia Romania | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Southern Europe | |
| ..Romania | |
| ...Transylvania | |
| ....Alba-Iulia Romania | |
| SN | Town in Alba County, SW Transylvania. |
| Albacete Spain | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Southern Europe | |
| ..Iberian Peninsula | |
| ...Spain | |
| ....Castilla-La Mancha Spain | |
| .....Albacete Spain | |
| SN | Refers only to the province in SE Spain. Before 1998, considered to be in Murcia region. |
| Alban Hills | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Southern Europe | |
| ..Italy | |
| ...Latium Italy | |
| ....Alban Hills | |
| BT | Europe |
| .Southern Europe | |
| ..Italy | |
| ...Apennines | |
| ....Alban Hills | |
| SN | Part of the Lower Apennines SE of Rome. This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| Albania | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Southern Europe | |
| ..Albania | |
| NT | Albanides |
| RT | Adriatic region |
| Mediterranean region | |
| Balkan Peninsula | |
| Dinaric Alps | |
| Ionian Zone | |
| Montenegro earthquake 1979 | |
| Albanides | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Alps | |
| ..Albanides | |
| BT | Europe |
| .Southern Europe | |
| ..Albania | |
| ...Albanides | |
| SN | Mountain area in W and SW Albania. This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| Albany County New York | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .New York | |
| ..Albany County New York | |
| NT | Albany New York |
| SN | E New York. |
| Albany County Wyoming | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Wyoming | |
| ..Albany County Wyoming | |
| SN | SE Wyoming. |
| Albany New York | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .New York | |
| ..Albany County New York | |
| ...Albany New York | |
| SN | City in E New York. |
| Albatross Cordillera | |
|---|---|
| USE | East Pacific Rise |
| albedo | |
|---|---|
| UF | Bond albedo |
| RT | Moon |
| remote sensing | |
| brightness | |
| cosmic rays | |
| interplanetary space | |
| reflectance | |
| SN | Before 1993, also used with ionosphere and magnetosphere. Usually out of scope for GeoRef. |
| Albemarle County Virginia | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Virginia | |
| ..Albemarle County Virginia | |
| SN | Central Virginia. Also search Charlottesville Virginia if applicable. |
| Albert Canyon British Columbia | |
|---|---|
| BT | Canada |
| .Western Canada | |
| ..British Columbia | |
| ...Albert Canyon British Columbia | |
| SN | Village between Mount Revelstone and Glacier National Park in SE British Columbia. |
| Albert County New Brunswick | |
|---|---|
| BT | Canada |
| .Eastern Canada | |
| ..Maritime Provinces | |
| ...New Brunswick | |
| ....Albert County New Brunswick | |
| Albert Formation | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Paleozoic | |
| ...Carboniferous | |
| ....Albert Formation | |
| RT | New Brunswick |
| SN | New Brunswick, Canada. Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| Alberta Basin | |
|---|---|
| BT | Canada |
| .Western Canada | |
| ..Alberta | |
| ...Alberta Basin | |
| SN | Structural basin in Alberta, Canada. Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| Albian | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Mesozoic | |
| ...Cretaceous | |
| ....Lower Cretaceous | |
| .....Albian | |
| NT | upper Albian |
| RT | Peace River Formation |
| SN | Europe. Above Aptian, below Cenomanian. |
| Albion Range | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Idaho | |
| ..Albion Range | |
| RT | Cassia County Idaho |
| SN | Cassia County in S Idaho. |
| albite | |
|---|---|
| BT | silicates |
| .framework silicates | |
| ..feldspar group | |
| ...plagioclase | |
| ....albite | |
| RT | granites |
| andesine | |
| peristerite | |
| albitite | |
|---|---|
| BT | igneous rocks |
| .plutonic rocks | |
| ..syenites | |
| ...albitite | |
| albitization | |
|---|---|
| BT | metasomatism |
| .albitization | |
| RT | processes |
| autometamorphism | |
| spilitization | |
| albitophyre | |
|---|---|
| BT | igneous rocks |
| .plutonic rocks | |
| ..syenites | |
| ...albitophyre | |
| RT | keratophyre |
| SN | As of 1993, this term is considered obsolete. |
| Alboran Sea | |
|---|---|
| BT | Mediterranean Sea |
| .West Mediterranean | |
| ..Alboran Sea | |
| RT | DSDP Site 121 |
| El Alboran Island | |
| Leg 13 | |
| Leg 161 | |
| ODP Site 976 | |
| ODP Site 977 | |
| ODP Site 978 | |
| ODP Site 979 | |
| SN | Between S Spain and Morocco in W Mediterranean Sea. |
| Alborz Mountains | |
|---|---|
| USE | Elburz |
| Albuquerque Basin | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Albuquerque Basin | |
| RT | New Mexico |
| Colorado | |
| Texas | |
| Colorado Plateau | |
| SN | Colorado Plateau of New Mexico and adjacent areas of Texas and Colorado. Indexed with states as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| Albuquerque New Mexico | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .New Mexico | |
| ..Bernalillo County New Mexico | |
| ...Albuquerque New Mexico | |
| SN | City in central New Mexico. |
| alcohols | |
|---|---|
| BT | organic compounds |
| .alcohols | |
| NT | methanol |
| sterols | |
| RT | phenols |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1985. |
| Alcona County Michigan | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Michigan | |
| ..Michigan Lower Peninsula | |
| ...Alcona County Michigan | |
| NT | Glennie Michigan |
| SN | NE Michigan. |
| Alcorn County Mississippi | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Mississippi | |
| ..Alcorn County Mississippi | |
| Alcoy Spain | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Southern Europe | |
| ..Iberian Peninsula | |
| ...Spain | |
| ....Valencia region | |
| .....Alicante Spain | |
| ......Alcoy Spain | |
| SN | City in SE Spain. |
| Alcudia Valley | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Southern Europe | |
| ..Iberian Peninsula | |
| ...Spain | |
| ....Castilla-La Mancha Spain | |
| .....Ciudad Real Spain | |
| ......Alcudia Valley | |
| SN | S central Spain. |
| Aldabra Island | |
|---|---|
| BT | Indian Ocean Islands |
| .Seychelles | |
| ..Aldabra Island | |
| SN | Atoll 250 miles NW of Madagascar. |
| Aldan Plateau | |
|---|---|
| BT | Commonwealth of Independent States |
| .Russian Federation | |
| ..Yakutia Russian Federation | |
| ...Aldan Plateau | |
| SN | SE Yakutia. This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| Aldan River | |
|---|---|
| BT | Commonwealth of Independent States |
| .Russian Federation | |
| ..Yakutia Russian Federation | |
| ...Aldan River | |
| SN | SE Yakutia. Flows into the Lena River. This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| Aldan Russian Federation | |
|---|---|
| BT | Commonwealth of Independent States |
| .Russian Federation | |
| ..Yakutia Russian Federation | |
| ...Aldan Russian Federation | |
| SN | City in SE Yakutia. Before 1993, Aldan Russian Republic was also used. This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| Aldan Shield | |
|---|---|
| BT | Commonwealth of Independent States |
| .Russian Federation | |
| ..Siberian Platform | |
| ...Aldan Shield | |
| RT | Yakutia Russian Federation |
| Yudomian | |
| SN | The Aldan Plateau area of SE Yakutia. Part of greater Angara Shield. This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| Aldanian | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Paleozoic | |
| ...Cambrian | |
| ....Lower Cambrian | |
| .....Aldanian | |
| SN | Europe. |
| aldicarb | |
|---|---|
| BT | pesticides |
| .aldicarb | |
| RT | agrochemicals |
| insecticides | |
| pollutants | |
| toxic materials | |
| SN | Carbamate insecticide. Also used for related compounds such as aldicarb sulfone. Added to Thesaurus in 1995. |
| Aldridge Formation | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Precambrian | |
| ..Proterozoic | |
| ...Mesoproterozoic | |
| ....Aldridge Formation | |
| RT | Idaho |
| Montana | |
| Washington | |
| British Columbia | |
| Belt Supergroup | |
| SN | In Belt Supergroup. Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| Aleksinac Yugoslavia | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Southern Europe | |
| ..Yugoslavia | |
| ...Serbia | |
| ....Aleksinac Yugoslavia | |
| UF | Alexinats Yugoslavia |
| Alexinatz Yugoslavia | |
| SN | Town in E Serbia. |
| Aleksod | |
|---|---|
| BT | Africa |
| .North Africa | |
| ..Algeria | |
| ...Aleksod | |
| RT | Ahaggar |
| SN | Region in Ahaggar in SE Algeria. |
| Alentejo | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Southern Europe | |
| ..Iberian Peninsula | |
| ...Portugal | |
| ....Alentejo | |
| SN | Former province in central and S Portugal. |
| Ales France | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Western Europe | |
| ..France | |
| ...Gard France | |
| ....Ales France | |
| UF | Alais France |
| SN | City in S France. |
| Alessandria Italy | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Southern Europe | |
| ..Italy | |
| ...Piemonte Italy | |
| ....Alessandria Italy | |
| RT | Acqui Italy |
| SN | City and province in NW Italy. |
| Aleutian Arc | |
|---|---|
| USE | Aleutian Islands |
| Aleutian Islands | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Alaska | |
| ..Southwestern Alaska | |
| ...Aleutian Islands | |
| NT | Adak Island |
| Amchitka Island | |
| Rat Islands | |
| Shemya Island | |
| Shumagin Islands | |
| Unalaska Island | |
| UF | Aleutian Arc |
| Aleutians | |
| RT | Aleutian Islands earthquake 1957 |
| Andreanof Islands earthquake 1986 | |
| Aleutian Trench | |
| Bering Sea | |
| East Pacific Ocean Islands | |
| Rat Island | |
| SN | Chain of volcanic islands extending in great curve from Alaska Peninsula in SW Alaska. |
| Aleutian Islands earthquake 1957 | |
|---|---|
| BT | earthquakes |
| .Aleutian Islands earthquake 1957 | |
| UF | Andreanof Islands earthquake 1957 |
| RT | Aleutian Islands |
| Alaska | |
| SN | Andreanof Islands, central Aleutian Islands, W Alaska. Before 1985, search earthquakes AND 1957 AND Alaska. |
| Aleutian Ridge | |
|---|---|
| BT | Pacific Ocean |
| .North Pacific | |
| ..Aleutian Ridge | |
| RT | Aleutian Trench |
| DSDP Site 189 | |
| SN | Along S side of Aleutian chain. |
| Aleutian Trench | |
|---|---|
| BT | Pacific Ocean |
| .North Pacific | |
| ..Aleutian Trench | |
| RT | Aleutian Islands |
| Alaska earthquake 1964 | |
| Aleutian Ridge | |
| DSDP Site 183 | |
| DSDP Site 186 | |
| DSDP Site 187 | |
| Leg 19 | |
| SN | S of Aleutian Ridge and extending along the entire Aleutian chain. |
| Aleutians | |
|---|---|
| USE | Aleutian Islands |
| Alexander Archipelago | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Alaska | |
| ..Southeastern Alaska | |
| ...Alexander Archipelago | |
| NT | Anette Island |
| Chichagof Island | |
| RT | Alexander Terrane |
| East Pacific Ocean Islands | |
| Prince of Wales Island | |
| Sitka Sound | |
| SN | SE Alaska. Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| Alexander County Illinois | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Illinois | |
| ..Alexander County Illinois | |
| Alexander County North Carolina | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .North Carolina | |
| ..Alexander County North Carolina | |
| Alexander Island | |
|---|---|
| BT | Antarctica |
| .Alexander Island | |
| SN | Large island off W coast of Antarctic Peninsula S of Cape Horn. |
| Alexander Terrane | |
|---|---|
| RT | Alaska |
| Alexander Archipelago | |
| British Columbia | |
| Coast Belt | |
| Southeastern Alaska | |
| Yukon Territory | |
| SN | Comprised of the Alexander Archipelago, SE Alaska and extensions into NW British Columbia and SW Yukon Territory. Indexed with regions as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| Alexandria Egypt | |
|---|---|
| BT | Africa |
| .North Africa | |
| ..Egypt | |
| ...Alexandria Egypt | |
| SN | Governorate. Also a city on the Mediterranean Sea. |
| Alexandrian | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Paleozoic | |
| ...Silurian | |
| ....Lower Silurian | |
| .....Alexandrian | |
| UF | Alexandrian Series |
| SN | North American provincial series. Lower Silurian (above Cincinnatian of Ordovician, below Niagaran). |
| Alexandrian Series | |
|---|---|
| USE | Alexandrian |
| alexandrite | |
|---|---|
| BT | oxides |
| .alexandrite | |
| RT | chrysoberyl |
| SN | Variety of chrysoberyl. |
| Alexinats Yugoslavia | |
|---|---|
| USE | Aleksinac Yugoslavia |
| Alexinatz Yugoslavia | |
|---|---|
| USE | Aleksinac Yugoslavia |
| Alfalfa County Oklahoma | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Oklahoma | |
| ..Alfalfa County Oklahoma | |
| Alfisols | |
|---|---|
| BT | soils |
| .Alfisols | |
| NT | Hapludalfs |
| RT | soil group |
| Alfold | |
|---|---|
| BT | ngary |
| .Alfold | |
| UF | Great Alfold |
| Great Hungarian Plain | |
| Hungarian Basin | |
| Hungarian Great Plain | |
| Hungarian Plain | |
| SN | Plain in central and E Hungary. |
| Alfred Wegener | |
|---|---|
| USE | Wegener, Alfred |
| algae | |
|---|---|
| BT | Plantae |
| .algae | |
| NT | calcareous algae |
| Chlorophyta | |
| Chrysophyta | |
| Coccolithophoraceae | |
| Collenia | |
| diatoms | |
| Epiphyton | |
| Microcodium | |
| nannofossils | |
| Phaeophyta | |
| Pyrrhophyta | |
| Rhodophyta | |
| RT | microfossils |
| algal biscuits | |
| algal mats | |
| algal mounds | |
| algal structures | |
| bioherms | |
| cyanobacteria | |
| encrustations | |
| endolithic taxa | |
| eutrophication | |
| fungi | |
| lichens | |
| microorganisms | |
| phytoplankton | |
| plankton | |
| Protista | |
| reef builders | |
| Renalcis | |
| stromatolites | |
| thallophytes | |
| zooxant | |
| SN | Before 1998, microfossils and thallophytes were broader terms; cyanobacteria was a narrower term. Indexed with microfossils if applicable. |
| algal banks | |
|---|---|
| BT | sedimentary structures |
| .biogenic structures | |
| ..algal structures | |
| ...algal banks | |
| RT | banks |
| carbonate banks | |
| algal biscuits | |
|---|---|
| BT | sedimentary structures |
| .biogenic structures | |
| ..algal structures | |
| ...algal biscuits | |
| UF | lake biscuits |
| water biscuits | |
| RT | algae |
| girvanella | |
| algal limestone | |
|---|---|
| BT | sedimentary rocks |
| .carbonate rocks | |
| ..limestone | |
| ...algal limestone | |
| SN | Common in early Paleozoic, especially in the Cambro-Ordovician of the Appalachian region of the United States. Before 1978, also search algal AND limestone. |
| algal mats | |
|---|---|
| BT | sedimentary structures |
| .biogenic structures | |
| ..algal structures | |
| ...algal mats | |
| UF | microbial mats |
| RT | algae |
| cyanobacteria | |
| stromatolites | |
| algal mounds | |
|---|---|
| BT | sedimentary structures |
| .biogenic structures | |
| ..algal structures | |
| ...algal mounds | |
| UF | mounds, algal |
| RT | algae |
| limestone | |
| calcilutite | |
| Epiphyton | |
| algal structures | |
|---|---|
| BT | sedimentary structures |
| .biogenic structures | |
| ..algal structures | |
| NT | algal banks |
| algal biscuits | |
| algal mats | |
| algal mounds | |
| RT | algae |
| thrombolites | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1981. |
| Algarve | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Southern Europe | |
| ..Iberian Peninsula | |
| ...Portugal | |
| ....Algarve | |
| SN | Region in extreme S Portugal. Former province. |
| Algau Alps | |
|---|---|
| USE | Allgau Alps |
| Alger Algeria | |
|---|---|
| USE | Algiers Algeria |
| Alger County Michigan | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Michigan | |
| ..Michigan Upper Peninsula | |
| ...Alger County Michigan | |
| Algerian Plain | |
|---|---|
| USE | Balearic Basin |
| Algiers Algeria | |
|---|---|
| BT | Africa |
| .North Africa | |
| ..Algeria | |
| ...Algiers Algeria | |
| UF | Alger Algeria |
| SN | Department, N Algeria. Before 1993, also search Alger or Algiers region. |
| Algiers region | |
|---|---|
| SN | No longer a valid term for GeoRef. Used as large department of French Algeria. As of 1993, see Algeria for departments. |
| alginite | |
|---|---|
| BT | macerals |
| .alginite | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1985. |
| Algoma District Ontario | |
|---|---|
| BT | Canada |
| .Eastern Canada | |
| ..Ontario | |
| ...Algoma District Ontario | |
| NT | Blind River Ontario |
| Echo Bay Ontario | |
| Elliot Lake Ontario | |
| Mamainse Point | |
| Quirke Lake | |
| Sault Sainte Marie Ontario | |
| Wawa Ontario | |
| UF | District of Algoma |
| RT | Michipicoten Island |
| SN | On Lake Superior. |
| algoma-type deposits | |
|---|---|
| RT | banded iron formations |
| iron formations | |
| iron ores | |
| mineral deposits, genesis | |
| Algonkian | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Precambrian | |
| ..Proterozoic | |
| ...Algonkian | |
| NT | Baraboo Quartzite |
| algorithms | |
|---|---|
| NT | genetic algorithms |
| RT | computer programs |
| data processing | |
| equations | |
| Kalman filters | |
| mathematical geology | |
| mathematical methods | |
| ALH 84001 | |
|---|---|
| BT | meteorites |
| .Allan Hills Meteorites | |
| ..ALH 84001 | |
| BT | meteorites |
| .stony meteorites | |
| ..achondrites | |
| ...Martian meteorites | |
| ....ALH 84001 | |
| UF | ALHA 84001 |
| SN | Pyroxenite. Originally misclassified as a diogenite. Recently thought to contain evidence of life on Mars. This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| ALHA 77005 | |
|---|---|
| BT | meteorites |
| .Allan Hills Meteorites | |
| ..ALHA 77005 | |
| BT | meteorites |
| .stony meteorites | |
| ..achondrites | |
| ...Martian meteorites | |
| ....SNC Meteorites | |
| .....shergottite | |
| ......ALHA 77005 | |
| UF | Allan Hills 77005 |
| RT | Antarctica |
| Victoria Land | |
| SN | One of the Allan Hills Meteorites. This term has multiple hierarchies. Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| ALHA 81005 | |
|---|---|
| BT | meteorites |
| .stony meteorites | |
| ..achondrites | |
| ...ALHA 81005 | |
| BT | meteorites |
| .Allan Hills Meteorites | |
| ..ALHA 81005 | |
| UF | Allan Hills 81005 |
| RT | Antarctica |
| Victoria Land | |
| lunar meteorites | |
| SN | One of the Allan Hills Meteorites. This term has multiple hierarchies. Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| ALHA 84001 | |
|---|---|
| USE | ALH 84001 |
| Alicante City Spain | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Southern Europe | |
| ..Iberian Peninsula | |
| ...Spain | |
| ....Valencia region | |
| .....Alicante Spain | |
| ......Alicante City Spain | |
| SN | Refers to only the city in SE Spain. |
| Alicante Spain | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Southern Europe | |
| ..Iberian Peninsula | |
| ...Spain | |
| ....Valencia region | |
| .....Alicante Spain | |
| NT | Alcoy Spain |
| Alicante City Spain | |
| SN | Refers only to the province in SE Spain. From 1981-1992, also search Alicante Province and Spain. For the city, see Alicante City Spain. |
| Alice Arm British Columbia | |
|---|---|
| BT | Canada |
| .Western Canada | |
| ..British Columbia | |
| ...Alice Arm British Columbia | |
| SN | Village on Observatory Inlet near Alaska border NE of Prince Rupert. |
| Alice Springs Australia | |
|---|---|
| BT | Australasia |
| .Australia | |
| ..Northern Territory Australia | |
| ...Alice Springs Australia | |
| SN | Town in S central Northern Territory. |
| Alice Springs Orogeny | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Paleozoic | |
| ...Alice Springs Orogeny | |
| RT | Devonian |
| Carboniferous | |
| orogeny | |
| Australia | |
| SN | Devonian and Carboniferous. Central Australia. Indexed with age or ages as applicable. |
| aliphatic hydrocarbons | |
|---|---|
| BT | organic compounds |
| .hydrocarbons | |
| ..aliphatic hydrocarbons | |
| NT | alkanes |
| alkenes | |
| alkynes | |
| RT | aromatic hydrocarbons |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1985. |
| Alisitos Formation | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Mesozoic | |
| ...Cretaceous | |
| ....Alisitos Formation | |
| RT | Mexico |
| Baja California | |
| California | |
| SN | Baja California, NW Mexico and S California. Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| Alismidae | |
|---|---|
| BT | Plantae |
| .Spermatophyta | |
| ..Angiospermae | |
| ...Monocotyledoneae | |
| ....Alismidae | |
| alkali amphibole | |
|---|---|
| USE | alkalic amphibole |
| alkali basalt family | |
|---|---|
| SN | As of 1981, no longer a valid term for GeoRef. Use alkali basalts or trachybasalts as applicable. |
| alkali diorites | |
|---|---|
| BT | igneous rocks |
| .plutonic rocks | |
| ..diorites | |
| ...alkali diorites | |
| alkali earths | |
|---|---|
| USE | alkaline earth metals |
| alkali gabbros | |
|---|---|
| BT | igneous rocks |
| .plutonic rocks | |
| ..gabbros | |
| ...alkali gabbros | |
| NT | essexite |
| ijolite | |
| leucitite | |
| melteigite | |
| nephelinite | |
| olivine nephelinite | |
| teschenite | |
| urtite | |
| RT | foyaite |
| shonkinite | |
| alkali granites | |
|---|---|
| BT | igneous rocks |
| .plutonic rocks | |
| ..granites | |
| ...alkali granites | |
| UF | alkalic granite |
| alkali metals | |
|---|---|
| BT | metals |
| .alkali metals | |
| NT | cesium |
| francium | |
| lithium | |
| potassium | |
| rubidium | |
| sodium | |
| UF | alkaline metals |
| RT | precious metals |
| SN | Metallic elements from group IA of the periodic table. |
| alkali olivine basalt | |
|---|---|
| BT | igneous rocks |
| .volcanic rocks | |
| ..basalts | |
| ...alkali basalts | |
| ....alkali olivine basalt | |
| RT | olivine basalt |
| alkali syenites | |
|---|---|
| BT | igneous rocks |
| .plutonic rocks | |
| ..syenites | |
| ...alkali syenites | |
| UF | alkalic syenite |
| alkalic | |
|---|---|
| SN | Valid index term through 1977. |
| alkalic amphibole | |
|---|---|
| BT | silicates |
| .chain silicates | |
| ..amphibole group | |
| ...alkalic amphibole | |
| UF | alkali amphibole |
| alkalic basalt | |
|---|---|
| USE | alkali basalts |
| alkalic composition | |
|---|---|
| RT | A-type granites |
| calc-alkalic composition | |
| feldspathoid rocks | |
| igneous rocks | |
| composition | |
| ultrapotassic composition | |
| SN | Before 1978, also search alkalic AND igneous rocks. |
| alkalic granite | |
|---|---|
| USE | alkali granites |
| alkalic pyroxene | |
|---|---|
| BT | silicates |
| .chain silicates | |
| ..pyroxene group | |
| ...alkalic pyroxene | |
| alkalic syenite | |
|---|---|
| USE | alkali syenites |
| alkaline basalt | |
|---|---|
| USE | alkali basalts |
| alkaline earth elements | |
|---|---|
| USE | alkaline earth metals |
| alkaline earth metals | |
|---|---|
| BT | metals |
| .alkaline earth metals | |
| NT | barium |
| beryllium | |
| calcium | |
| magnesium | |
| radium | |
| strontium | |
| UF | alkali earths |
| alkaline earth elements | |
| SN | Metallic elements from Group IIA of the periodic table. |
| alkaline metals | |
|---|---|
| USE | alkali metals |
| alkalinity | |
|---|---|
| RT | buffers |
| geochemistry | |
| pH | |
| sodium hydroxide | |
| alkanes | |
|---|---|
| BT | organic compounds |
| .hydrocarbons | |
| ..aliphatic hydrocarbons | |
| ...alkanes | |
| NT | butane |
| ethane | |
| methane | |
| n-alkanes | |
| paraffins | |
| pentane | |
| phytane | |
| pristane | |
| propane | |
| RT | biomarkers |
| saturated hydrocarbons | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1985. |
| alkenes | |
|---|---|
| BT | organic compounds |
| .hydrocarbons | |
| ..aliphatic hydrocarbons | |
| ...alkenes | |
| NT | ethylene |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1985. |
| alkenones | |
|---|---|
| BT | organic compounds |
| .ketones | |
| ..alkenones | |
| RT | biomarkers |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1995. |
| alkynes | |
|---|---|
| BT | organic compounds |
| .hydrocarbons | |
| ..aliphatic hydrocarbons | |
| ...alkynes | |
| NT | acetylene |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| Allamakee County Iowa | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Iowa | |
| ..Allamakee County Iowa | |
| Allan Hills | |
|---|---|
| BT | Antarctica |
| .Victoria Land | |
| ..Allan Hills | |
| RT | Allan Hills Meteorites |
| SN | Victoria Land, Antarctica. Added to Thesaurus in 1981. |
| Allan Hills 77005 | |
|---|---|
| USE | ALHA 77005 |
| Allan Hills 81005 | |
|---|---|
| USE | ALHA 81005 |
| Allan Hills Meteorites | |
|---|---|
| BT | meteorites |
| .Allan Hills Meteorites | |
| NT | ALH 84001 |
| ALHA 77005 | |
| ALHA 81005 | |
| UF | Alan Hills Meteorites |
| RT | Antarctica |
| Victoria Land | |
| lunar meteorites | |
| Allan Hills | |
| SN | Due to numbering of these meteorites, such as Allan Hills 76-01 and Allan Hills 77005, also truncate when searching. Due to abbreviations for these meteorites, such as ALH 82130 and ALHA 77219, also search ALH or ALHA in combination with number. Before 19 |
| allanite | |
|---|---|
| BT | silicates |
| .orthosilicates | |
| ..sorosilicates | |
| ...epidote group | |
| ....allanite | |
| UF | orthite |
| Allarechenskiy | |
|---|---|
| BT | Commonwealth of Independent States |
| .Russian Federation | |
| ..Allarechenskiy | |
| BT | Europe |
| .Allarechenskiy | |
| UF | Allarechenskoye |
| RT | mines |
| copper ores | |
| Kola Peninsula | |
| nickel ores | |
| SN | Ore field in the Kola Peninsula in extreme NW European Russian Federation. This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| Allarechenskoye | |
|---|---|
| USE | Allarechenskiy |
| Allaverdy Armenia | |
|---|---|
| USE | Alaverdi Armenia |
| Allegan County Michigan | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Michigan | |
| ..Michigan Lower Peninsula | |
| ...Allegan County Michigan | |
| Allegany County Maryland | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Maryland | |
| ..Allegany County Maryland | |
| NT | Cumberland Maryland |
| SN | W Maryland. |
| Allegany County New York | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .New York | |
| ..Allegany County New York | |
| RT | Genesee River |
| SN | W New York. |
| Alleghanian | |
|---|---|
| USE | Allegheny Group |
| Alleghany County North Carolina | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .North Carolina | |
| ..Alleghany County North Carolina | |
| SN | NW North Carolina. |
| Alleghany County Virginia | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Virginia | |
| ..Alleghany County Virginia | |
| SN | W Virginia. Also search Clifton Forge Virginia; and/or Covington Virginia if applicable. |
| Alleghany Mountains | |
|---|---|
| USE | Allegheny Mountains |
| Alleghany Orogeny | |
|---|---|
| UF | Alleghenian Orogeny |
| Allegheny Orogeny | |
| RT | Triassic |
| Permian | |
| Pennsylvanian | |
| orogeny | |
| Appalachians | |
| tectonics | |
| SN | An event which deformed the rocks of the Valley and Ridge Province, and those of the adjacent Allegheny Plateau in the Central Appalachians and Southern Appalachians. Pennsylvanian to Triassic? Before 1978, also search Allegheny AND orogeny. Indexed with |
| Alleghenian | |
|---|---|
| USE | Allegheny Group |
| Alleghenian Orogeny | |
|---|---|
| USE | Alleghany Orogeny |
| Alleghenies | |
|---|---|
| USE | Allegheny Mountains |
| Allegheny County Pennsylvania | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Pennsylvania | |
| ..Allegheny County Pennsylvania | |
| NT | Pittsburgh Pennsylvania |
| SN | W Pennsylvania. |
| Allegheny Front | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Allegheny Front | |
| RT | Virginia |
| Pennsylvania | |
| Maryland | |
| Allegheny Mountains | |
| West Virginia | |
| SN | Eastern slope of the Allegheny Mountains. Indexed with states as applicable. |
| Allegheny Group | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Paleozoic | |
| ...Carboniferous | |
| ....Pennsylvanian | |
| .....Middle Pennsylvanian | |
| ......Allegheny Group | |
| UF | Alleghanian |
| Alleghenian | |
| RT | Virginia |
| Kentucky | |
| Ohio | |
| Pennsylvania | |
| Maryland | |
| West Virginia | |
| Freeport Formation | |
| Kittanning Formation | |
| SN | Subdivided into three formations: Clarion, Kittanning, and Freeport. E Kentucky, W Maryland, E Ohio, W Pennsylvania, W Virginia, and West Virginia. Above Pottsville Group; below Conemaugh Group. |
| Allegheny Mountains | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Allegheny Mountains | |
| BT | North America |
| .Appalachians | |
| ..Allegheny Mountains | |
| UF | Alleghany Mountains |
| Alleghenies | |
| RT | Virginia |
| Pennsylvania | |
| Appalachian Plateau | |
| Maryland | |
| Allegheny Front | |
| West Virginia | |
| Allegheny Plateau | |
| Shenandoah Valley | |
| SN | Ranges of the Appalachians constituting a part of the Allegheny Plateau. This term has multiple hierarchies. Indexed with states as applicable. |
| Allegheny Orogeny | |
|---|---|
| USE | Alleghany Orogeny |
| Allegheny Plateau | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Allegheny Plateau | |
| RT | Appalachians |
| Virginia | |
| Kentucky | |
| Ohio | |
| Pennsylvania | |
| New York | |
| Appalachian Plateau | |
| Allegheny Mountains | |
| West Virginia | |
| SN | W section of the Appalachians extending from Cumberland Plateau on S to Mohawk Valley in New York on N and including the Allegheny Mountains. Indexed with states as applicable. |
| Allen County Indiana | |
|---|---|
| BT | Indiana |
| .Allen County Indiana | |
| Allen County Kansas | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Kansas | |
| ..Allen County Kansas | |
| RT | Iola Field |
| SN | SE Kansas. |
| Allen County Kentucky | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Kentucky | |
| ..Allen County Kentucky | |
| SN | S Kentucky. |
| Allen County Ohio | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Ohio | |
| ..Allen County Ohio | |
| SN | W Ohio. |
| Allen Parish Louisiana | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Louisiana | |
| ..Allen Parish Louisiana | |
| Allendale County South Carolina | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .South Carolina | |
| ..Allendale County South Carolina | |
| Allende Meteorite | |
|---|---|
| BT | meteorites |
| .stony meteorites | |
| ..chondrites | |
| ...carbonaceous chondrites | |
| ....CV chondrites | |
| .....Allende Meteorite | |
| RT | Mexico |
| Chihuahua Mexico | |
| SN | Impact in SE Chihuahua. Before 1981, also search Allende AND meteorites. Added to Thesaurus in 1981. |
| Allerod | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Cenozoic | |
| ...Quarternary | |
| ....Pleistocene | |
| .....Upper Pleistocene | |
| ......Weichselian | |
| .......upper Weichselian | |
| ........Allerod | |
| SN | Europe. An interval of late-glacial time following the Older Dryas and preceding the Younger Dryas. |
| allevardite | |
|---|---|
| USE | rectorite |
| Allgaeu Alps | |
|---|---|
| USE | Allgau Alps |
| Allgau Alps | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Alps | |
| ..Allgau Alps | |
| BT | Europe |
| .Central Europe | |
| ..Allgau Alps | |
| UF | Algau Alps |
| Allgaeu Alps | |
| RT | Austria |
| Bavaria Germany | |
| Germany | |
| Tyrol Austria | |
| SN | This term has multiple hierarchies. Indexed with Bavaria Germany and/or Tyrol Austria as applicable. |
| Allier France | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Western Europe | |
| ..France | |
| ...Allier France | |
| NT | Echassieres Borehole |
| RT | Beauvoir Granite |
| Limagne | |
| SN | Department in central France. |
| Alligator Ridge Deposit | |
|---|---|
| USE | Alligator Ridge Mine |
| Alligator Ridge Mine | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Nevada | |
| ..White Pine County Nevada | |
| ...Alligator Ridge Mine | |
| UF | Alligator Ridge Deposit |
| RT | mines |
| gold ores | |
| SN | E Nevada. Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| Alligator Rivers Field | |
|---|---|
| BT | Australasia |
| .Australia | |
| ..Northern Territory Australia | |
| ...Alligator Rivers Field | |
| RT | mines |
| Jabiluka Australia | |
| Pine Creek Geosyncline | |
| Ranger Mine | |
| uranium ores | |
| SN | Arnhem Land, N Northern Territory. The East Alligator, South Alligator, and West Alligator rivers debouch into Van Diemen Gulf in the Alligator Rivers region. Uranium deposits occur in the Ranger, Koongarra, Rum Jungle, Nabarlek, and Jabiluka mining areas |
| allochems | |
|---|---|
| RT | chemically precipitated rocks |
| intraclasts | |
| limestone | |
| oolite | |
| textures | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1995. |
| allochthons | |
|---|---|
| RT | autochthons |
| faults | |
| klippen | |
| nappes | |
| overthrust faults | |
| salt sheets | |
| structural geology | |
| tectonics | |
| windows | |
| alloclasite | |
|---|---|
| BT | sulfides |
| .alloclasite | |
| Allogromiina | |
|---|---|
| BT | Invertebrata |
| .Protista | |
| ..Foraminifera | |
| ...Allogromiina | |
| RT | microfossils |
| SN | Indexed with microfossils if applicable. |
| allometry | |
|---|---|
| RT | fossils |
| allophane | |
|---|---|
| BT | silicates |
| .sheet silicates | |
| ..clay minerals | |
| ...allophane | |
| Allosaurus | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chordata |
| .Vertebrata | |
| ..Tetrapoda | |
| ...Reptilia | |
| ....Diapsida | |
| .....Archosauria | |
| ......Saurischia | |
| .......Theropoda | |
| ........Carnosauria | |
| .........Allosaurus | |
| SN | Genus. This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| allostratigraphy | |
|---|---|
| RT | stratigraphic boundary |
| stratigraphic units | |
| stratigraphy | |
| SN | Based on a unit of a mappable stratiform body of sedimentary rock defined and identified with reference to its bounding unconformities. Added to Thesaurus in 1995. |
| alloys | |
|---|---|
| NT | awaruite |
| carbides | |
| electrum | |
| hedleyite | |
| josephinite | |
| kamacite | |
| niggliite | |
| nitrides | |
| phosphides | |
| plessite | |
| silicides | |
| taenite | |
| tetrataenite | |
| RT | annealing |
| base metals | |
| construction materials | |
| metallurgy | |
| metals | |
| minerals | |
| native elements | |
| SN | As of 1981, minerals which formerly were classified under native elements and alloys are included here or under native elements. |
| alluvial cones | |
|---|---|
| USE | alluvial fans |
| alluvial deposits | |
|---|---|
| USE | alluvium |
| alluvial fans | |
|---|---|
| NT | fan deltas |
| UF | alluvial cones |
| detrital fan | |
| dry delta | |
| talus fan | |
| RT | debris cones |
| deposition | |
| geomorphology | |
| Alluvial soils | |
| alluvium | |
| cones | |
| fluvial features | |
| SN | Indexed with fluvial features as applicable. |
| alluvial plains | |
|---|---|
| BT | fluvial features |
| .alluvial plains | |
| UF | river plain |
| RT | plains |
| deposition | |
| geomorphology | |
| paleogeography | |
| Alluvial soils | |
|---|---|
| BT | soils |
| .Alluvial soils | |
| RT | soil group |
| alluvial fans | |
| alluvium | |
| alluvion | |
|---|---|
| USE | alluvium |
| alluvium aquifers | |
|---|---|
| BT | aquifers |
| .alluvium aquifers | |
| RT | ground water |
| alluvium | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1982. |
| Alma Dag | |
|---|---|
| USE | Amanos Mountains |
| Alma District | |
|---|---|
| USE | Alma mining district |
| Alma mining district | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Colorado | |
| ..Park County Colorado | |
| ...Alma mining district | |
| UF | Alma District |
| RT | mines |
| metal ores | |
| SN | Mining district in central Colorado. Added to Thesaurus in 1993. |
| Alma River | |
|---|---|
| RT | Crimea Ukraine |
| New Brunswick | |
| SN | In Crimea. Also search Alma. Also occurs in Bay of Fundy, New Brunswick. May also occur in other locations. Search in combination with Ukraine or New Brunswick as applicable. Indexed with Crimea Ukraine or New Brunswick or region as applicable. |
| Alma-Ata Kazakhstan | |
|---|---|
| BT | Commonwealth of Independent States |
| .Kazakhstan | |
| ..Alma-Ata Kazakhstan | |
| UF | Vernyi Kazakhstan |
| Vyernyi Kazakhstan | |
| SN | City in SE Kazakhstan. This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| Almaden Spain | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Southern Europe | |
| ..Iberian Peninsula | |
| ...Spain | |
| ....Castilla-La Mancha Spain | |
| .....Ciudad Real Spain | |
| ......Almaden Spain | |
| SN | Village in S central Spain. |
| Almalyk Uzbekistan | |
|---|---|
| BT | Asia |
| .Uzbekistan | |
| ..Almalyk Uzbekistan | |
| SN | Town SE of Tashkent. This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| almandine | |
|---|---|
| BT | silicates |
| .orthosilicates | |
| ..nesosilicates | |
| ...garnet group | |
| ....almandine | |
| UF | almandite |
| almandite | |
|---|---|
| USE | almandine |
| Almas Valley basin | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Southern Europe | |
| ..Romania | |
| ...Transylvania | |
| ....Almas Valley basin | |
| SN | River basin in W central Transylvania. |
| Almeria City Spain | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Southern Europe | |
| ..Iberian Peninsula | |
| ...Spain | |
| ....Andalusia Spain | |
| .....Almeria Spain | |
| ......Almeria City Spain | |
| SN | Refers only to the city on the Mediterranean Sea. Before 1993, also search Almeria Spain. |
| Almeria Spain | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Southern Europe | |
| ..Iberian Peninsula | |
| ...Spain | |
| ....Andalusia Spain | |
| .....Almeria Spain | |
| NT | Almeria City Spain |
| Cerro del Hoyazo Spain | |
| Sierra de Gador | |
| Sierra de los Filabres | |
| Velez Rubio Spain | |
| RT | Alpujarras |
| Nevado-Filabride Complex | |
| Spanish Sierra Nevada | |
| SN | Refers only to the province in SE Spain. From 1981-1992, also search Almeria Province and Spain. For the city, see Almeria City Spain. |
| almeriite | |
|---|---|
| USE | natroalunite |
| Almond Formation | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Mesozoic | |
| ...Cretaceous | |
| ....Upper Cretaceous | |
| .....Almond Formation | |
| RT | Wyoming |
| Mesaverde Group | |
| SN | In Mesaverde Group. Overlies Ericson Sandstone and underlies Lewis Shale. SW Wyoming. |
| Almora India | |
|---|---|
| BT | Asia |
| .Indian Peninsula | |
| ..India | |
| ...Uttar Pradesh India | |
| ....Almora India | |
| SN | Town and district in N Uttar Pradesh, N India. |
| Alno | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Western Europe | |
| ..Scandinavia | |
| ...Sweden | |
| ....Alno | |
| RT | Gulf of Bothnia |
| SN | Island in Gulf of Bothnia. |
| alnoite | |
|---|---|
| BT | igneous rocks |
| .plutonic rocks | |
| ..lamprophyres | |
| ...alnoite | |
| Alnus | |
|---|---|
| BT | Plantae |
| .Spermatophyta | |
| ..Angiospermae | |
| ...Dicotyledoneae | |
| ....Alnus | |
| SN | Genus. |
| Alpago Basin | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Southern Europe | |
| ..Italy | |
| ...Veneto Italy | |
| ....Belluno Italy | |
| .....Alpago Basin | |
| SN | Belluno Province in N Veneto. |
| Alpena County Michigan | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Michigan | |
| ..Michigan Lower Peninsula | |
| ...Alpena County Michigan | |
| SN | On Lake Huron in NE Michigan. |
| Alpenvorland | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Central Europe | |
| ..Germany | |
| ...Alpenvorland | |
| RT | Bavaria Germany |
| Baden-Wurttemberg Germany | |
| SN | High plain at N edge of Alps between Jura and Bohemian massifs. Added to Thesaurus in 1981. |
| Alpes-de-Haute Provence France | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Western Europe | |
| ..France | |
| ...Alpes-de-Haute Provence France | |
| UF | Basses-Alpes |
| RT | Eoulx Basin |
| Provence | |
| Provence Alps | |
| Verdon Valley | |
| SN | Department in SE France. |
| Alpes-Maritimes France | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Western Europe | |
| ..France | |
| ...Alpes-Maritimes France | |
| NT | Antibes France |
| Nice France | |
| Saint-Vallier France | |
| RT | Provence |
| Provence Alps | |
| Esterel | |
| Maritime Alps | |
| SN | Department in extreme SE France. |
| alpha activation analysis | |
|---|---|
| SN | Use alpha-ray spectroscopy, or activation analysis. |
| alpha chalcocite | |
|---|---|
| USE | digenite |
| Alpha Cordillera | |
|---|---|
| BT | Arctic Ocean |
| .Alpha Cordillera | |
| UF | Alpha Ridge |
| RT | CESAR |
| Mendeleyev Ridge | |
| SN | Undersea feature N and NW of Queen Elizabeth Islands of Northwest Territories, Canada. |
| alpha quartz | |
|---|---|
| BT | silicates |
| .framework silicates | |
| ..silica minerals | |
| ...quartz | |
| ....alpha quartz | |
| UF | low quartz |
| RT | geophysics |
| SN | Use is restricted to mineralogical and/or geophysical studies. For other papers, see quartz. |
| alpha rays | |
|---|---|
| UF | rays, alpha |
| RT | spectroscopy |
| cosmic rays | |
| alpha-ray spectroscopy | |
| beta rays | |
| gamma rays | |
| radioactivity | |
| X-rays | |
| SN | Use when referring to the rays themselves. For application or methodology, use alpha-ray spectroscopy. |
| Alpha Regio | |
|---|---|
| BT | Venus |
| .Alpha Regio | |
| SN | Prominent upland. |
| Alpha Ridge | |
|---|---|
| USE | Alpha Cordillera |
| alpha-ray spectroscopy | |
|---|---|
| BT | spectroscopy |
| .alpha-ray spectroscopy | |
| RT | chemical analysis |
| analysis | |
| alpha rays | |
| radioactivity | |
| gamma-ray spectroscopy | |
| particle-induced X-ray emission | |
| SN | Before 1978, also search alpha ray AND spectroscopy. |
| Alpine | |
|---|---|
| SN | No longer a valid term for GeoRef. After 1977, use alpine environment, alpine-type features, as applicable. |
| Alpine County California | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .California | |
| ..Alpine County California | |
| RT | Carson River |
| SN | On Nevada border in E central California. |
| alpine environment | |
|---|---|
| BT | terrestrial environment |
| .alpine environment | |
| RT | ecology |
| depositional environment | |
| Alps | |
| climate | |
| mountains | |
| subaerial environment | |
| subalpine environment | |
| SN | Before 1978, also search alpine. |
| Alpine Fault | |
|---|---|
| RT | New Zealand |
| South Island | |
| SN | Indexed with country and island as applicable. |
| Alpine Foreland | |
|---|---|
| USE | Prealps |
| Alpine Geosyncline | |
|---|---|
| RT | Alpine Orogeny |
| geosynclines | |
| SN | Before 1978, search geosynclines AND Alpine. |
| Alpine Orogeny | |
|---|---|
| UF | Alpine structure |
| RT | Mesozoic |
| Cenozoic | |
| orogeny | |
| tectonics | |
| Alpine Geosyncline | |
| alpine-type features | |
| SN | Before 1978, also search orogeny AND Alpine. Indexed with ages as applicable. |
| Alpine structure | |
|---|---|
| USE | Alpine Orogeny |
| alpine-type | |
|---|---|
| SN | No longer a valid term for GeoRef. See alpine-type features or alpine-type deposits. |
| alpine-type deposits | |
|---|---|
| RT | alpine-type features |
| chromite ores | |
| metal ores | |
| mineral deposits, genesis | |
| SN | Before 1998, also search alpine-type and economic geology. |
| alpine-type features | |
|---|---|
| RT | Alpine Orogeny |
| alpine-type deposits | |
| Alps | |
| ecology | |
| geomorphology | |
| peridotites | |
| structural analysis | |
| structural geology | |
| ultramafics | |
| SN | As of 1998, used for geomorphological or structural features. Also search alpine-type and the feature. May also be used with peridotites or ultramafics for alpine peridotites. Indexed with specific feature of interest. Added to Thesaurus in 1998. |
| Alps | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Alps | |
| NT | Aiguilles Rouges |
| Albanides | |
| Allgau Alps | |
| Central Alps | |
| Central Austrian Alps | |
| Eastern Alps | |
| French Alps | |
| Gailtal Alps | |
| Hochschwab | |
| Lechtal Alps | |
| Limestone Alps | |
| North Austrian Alps | |
| Piedmont Alps | |
| Prealps | |
| Sau Alps | |
| South Austrian Alps | |
| Swiss Alps | |
| Western Alps | |
| RT | Switzerland |
| Italy | |
| France | |
| Croatia | |
| Montenegro | |
| Slovenia | |
| Yugoslavia | |
| Austria | |
| Germany | |
| alpine environment | |
| alpine-type features | |
| Brianconnais Zone | |
| Hellenides | |
| San Giorgio Mountain | |
| Sesia-Lanzo Zone | |
| Tavetsch | |
| SN | Great mountain system of S central Europe. Indexed with countries or regions as applicable. |
| Alps, Japanese | |
|---|---|
| USE | Japanese Alps |
| Alpujarras | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Southern Europe | |
| ..Iberian Peninsula | |
| ...Spain | |
| ....Andalusia Spain | |
| .....Alpujarras | |
| RT | Almeria Spain |
| Granada Spain | |
| SN | Mountainous area in S Spain. |
| Alsace | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Western Europe | |
| ..France | |
| ...Alsace | |
| RT | Bas-Rhin France |
| Haut-Rhin France | |
| Lorraine | |
| Mulhouse Basin | |
| SN | Region and former province in NE France. |
| Alster River | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Central Europe | |
| ..Germany | |
| ...Alster River | |
| RT | Hamburg Germany |
| Lower Saxony Germany | |
| Schleswig-Holstein Germany | |
| SN | Schleswig-Holstein and Lower Saxony. Joins the Elbe River at Hamburg. Added to Thesaurus in 1985. |
| Alston Block | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Western Europe | |
| ..United Kingdom | |
| ...Great Britain | |
| ....England | |
| .....Cumbria England | |
| ......Alston Block | |
| SN | Cumbria, NW England. Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| alstonite | |
|---|---|
| BT | carbonates |
| .alstonite | |
| UF | bromlite |
| Alta Norway | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Western Europe | |
| ..Scandinavia | |
| ...Norway | |
| ....Finnmark Norway | |
| .....Alta Norway | |
| SN | Village in extreme N Norway. |
| Altai Mountains | |
|---|---|
| BT | Asia |
| .Altai Mountains | |
| NT | Chuya Alps |
| Gorny Altai | |
| Kalba Range | |
| Kuznetsk Alatau | |
| Mongolian Altai | |
| UF | Altay Mountains |
| RT | Kazakhstan |
| Altai-Sayan region | |
| China | |
| Mongolia | |
| Rudny Altai | |
| Siberian fold belt | |
| Xinjiang China | |
| SN | Mountain system at meeting of borders of Altai Kray, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, and Xinjiang China. Indexed with countries and provinces and/or republics as applicable. |
| Altai Russian Federation | |
|---|---|
| BT | Commonwealth of Independent States |
| .Russian Federation | |
| ..Altai Russian Federation | |
| BT | Asia |
| .Altai Russian Federation | |
| NT | Chuya Basin |
| Gorny Altai | |
| Zmeinogorsk Russian Federation | |
| UF | Altay Russian Federation |
| RT | Rudny Altai |
| Chuya Alps | |
| Salair Ridge | |
| SN | Administrative Territory or Kray on the Kazakhstan and Mongolian borders. Before 1993, Altai Russian Republic was also used. This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| Altai-Sayan region | |
|---|---|
| BT | Asia |
| .Altai-Sayan region | |
| RT | Russian Federation |
| Altai Mountains | |
| Mongolia | |
| Eastern Sayan | |
| Sayan | |
| Western Sayan | |
| SN | Region including adjoining Sayan and Altai Mountains. Also search Altai-Sayan. Indexed with Mongolia and/or Russian Federation as applicable. |
| altaite | |
|---|---|
| BT | tellurides |
| .altaite | |
| Altamaha River | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Georgia | |
| ..Altamaha River | |
| SN | SE Georgia. |
| Altan Teeli Mongolia | |
|---|---|
| BT | Asia |
| .Far East | |
| ..Mongolia | |
| ...Altan Teeli Mongolia | |
| UF | Altan Teli Mongolia |
| Dzereg Mongolia | |
| SN | Village in W Mongolia. |
| Altan Teli Mongolia | |
|---|---|
| USE | Altan Teeli Mongolia |
| Altay Mountains | |
|---|---|
| USE | Altai Mountains |
| Altay Russian Federation | |
|---|---|
| USE | Altai Russian Federation |
| Altenberg Germany | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Central Europe | |
| ..Germany | |
| ...Saxony Germany | |
| ....Altenberg Germany | |
| SN | Town near Czech border in Saxony, E Germany. |
| alteration | |
|---|---|
| RT | alunitization |
| amphibolitization | |
| argillization | |
| autometamorphism | |
| carbonatization | |
| diagenesis | |
| fenitization | |
| hydrothermal alteration | |
| igneous rocks | |
| illitization | |
| kaolinization | |
| leaching | |
| metabolism | |
| metasomatic rocks | |
| metasomatism | |
| microclinization | |
| muscovitization | |
| pal | |
| SN | Formerly a general term appropriate to a large number of topics. As of 1976, use was restricted to any process having to do with changes in temperature and pressure, i.e. diagenesis, hydrothermal alteration, metasomatism, weathering, etc. The term is used |
| alternating field demagnetization | |
|---|---|
| BT | demagnetization |
| .alternating field demagnetization | |
| UF | alternating-field demagnetization |
| RT | geophysics |
| paleomagnetism | |
| electrical field | |
| experimental studies | |
| magnetic field | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| alternating-field demagnetization | |
|---|---|
| USE | alternating field demagnetization |
| altimetry | |
|---|---|
| RT | altitude |
| atmospheric pressure | |
| cartography | |
| elevation | |
| geodesy | |
| Geosat | |
| topography | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1985. |
| Altimur Mountains | |
|---|---|
| BT | Asia |
| .Indian Peninsula | |
| ..Afghanistan | |
| ...Altimur Mountains | |
| SN | E Afghanistan. |
| Altin Tepe | |
|---|---|
| USE | Altin-Tepe |
| Altin-Tepe | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Southern Europe | |
| ..Romania | |
| ...Altin-Tepe | |
| UF | Altin Tepe |
| RT | Romanian Dobruja |
| SN | Ore bearing region. |
| Altiplano | |
|---|---|
| RT | Andes |
| Argentina | |
| Bolivia | |
| Brazil | |
| Lake Titicaca | |
| Mexico | |
| Peru | |
| Puna | |
| Spain | |
| SN | High intermontane plateau region in the Andes between the Western Cordillera and Eastern Cordillera. Extends from NW Argentina through W Brazil to SE Peru. Also refers to other regions. Indexed with mountains and regions as applicable. Added to Thesaurus |
| altitude | |
|---|---|
| RT | altimetry |
| elevation | |
| latitude | |
| SN | This term was sometimes used for elevation. |
| Alto Adige | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Southern Europe | |
| ..Italy | |
| ...Trentino-Alto Adige Italy | |
| ....Alto Adige | |
| RT | Tyrol Austria |
| Trentino | |
| SN | Former administrative division which along with Trento comprises Trentino-Alto Adige autonomous region in NE Italy. Includes S Tirol. |
| Alto Alentejo | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Southern Europe | |
| ..Iberian Peninsula | |
| ...Portugal | |
| ....Alto Alentejo | |
| SN | Former province in central Portugal. |
| Altonian | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Cenozoic | |
| ...Neogene | |
| ....Miocene | |
| .....lower Miocene | |
| ......Altonian | |
| SN | Provincial series, New Zealand. |
| Altoona Pennsylvania | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Pennsylvania | |
| ..Blair County Pennsylvania | |
| ...Altoona Pennsylvania | |
| SN | City in W central Pennsylvania. |
| Altyn Limestone | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Precambrian | |
| ..Proterozoic | |
| ...Mesoproterozoic | |
| ....Altyn Limestone | |
| RT | Alberta |
| Montana | |
| British Columbia | |
| Belt Supergroup | |
| Ravalli Group | |
| SN | In Ravalli Group of Belt Supergroup. SW Alberta, SE British Columbia and NW Montana. |
| Altyn-Topkan Tajikistan | |
|---|---|
| BT | Asia |
| .Tajikistan | |
| ..Altyn-Topkan Tajikistan | |
| SN | Village in N Tajikistan. This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| alum | |
|---|---|
| BT | sulfates |
| .alum | |
| UF | potash alum |
| potassium alum | |
| alum rock | |
|---|---|
| USE | alunite |
| alumina | |
|---|---|
| UF | aluminum oxide |
| RT | geochemistry |
| oxides | |
| aluminum | |
| aluminum oxides | |
| corundum | |
| aluminum | |
|---|---|
| BT | metals |
| .aluminum | |
| NT | Al-26 |
| Al-27 | |
| Al-27/Al-26 | |
| UF | Al |
| RT | critical load |
| alumina | |
| aluminum ores | |
| bauxite | |
| lithophile elements | |
| SN | Chemical element. Use aluminum ores for aluminum as a commodity. |
| aluminum ores | |
|---|---|
| BT | metal ores |
| .aluminum ores | |
| RT | aluminum |
| aluminum oxides | |
| bauxite | |
| boehmite | |
| gibbsite | |
| aluminum oxide | |
|---|---|
| USE | alumina |
| aluminum oxides | |
|---|---|
| BT | oxides |
| .aluminum oxides | |
| RT | alumina |
| corundum | |
| aluminum ores | |
| bauxite | |
| boehmite | |
| gibbsite | |
| bayerite | |
| diaspore | |
| nordstrandite | |
| SN | As of 1998, used for the grouper only where specific minerals are numerous or unavailable. Also see alumina. |
| alumite | |
|---|---|
| USE | alunite |
| alumohydrocalcite | |
|---|---|
| BT | carbonates |
| .alumohydrocalcite | |
| alumstone | |
|---|---|
| USE | alunite |
| alunite | |
|---|---|
| BT | sulfates |
| .alunite | |
| UF | alum rock |
| alumite | |
| alumstone | |
| RT | alunitization |
| jarosite | |
| potash | |
| Red Mountain | |
| alunitization | |
|---|---|
| BT | metasomatism |
| .alunitization | |
| RT | processes |
| alteration | |
| alunite | |
| natroalunite | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| Alveolina | |
|---|---|
| BT | Invertebrata |
| .Protista | |
| ..Foraminifera | |
| ...Miliolina | |
| ....Miliolacea | |
| .....Alveolinellidae | |
| ......Alveolina | |
| RT | microfossils |
| SN | Indexed with microfossils if applicable. |
| Alveolinellidae | |
|---|---|
| BT | Invertebrata |
| .Protista | |
| ..Foraminifera | |
| ...Miliolina | |
| ....Miliolacea | |
| .....Alveolinellidae | |
| NT | Alveolina |
| RT | microfossils |
| SN | Indexed with microfossils if applicable. |
| Alvin | |
|---|---|
| BT | submersibles |
| .Alvin | |
| UF | ALVIN submersible |
| RT | oceanography |
| FAMOUS | |
| marine geology | |
| research vessels | |
| SN | Deep submergence research vessel (DSRV). |
| ALVIN submersible | |
|---|---|
| USE | Alvin |
| Alwar India | |
|---|---|
| BT | Asia |
| .Indian Peninsula | |
| ..India | |
| ...Rajasthan India | |
| ....Alwar India | |
| UF | Alwur India |
| SN | City in NE Rajasthan. |
| Alwur India | |
|---|---|
| USE | Alwar India |
| Am | |
|---|---|
| USE | americium |
| Am-241 | |
|---|---|
| BT | isotopes |
| .radioactive isotopes | |
| ..Am-241 | |
| BT | metals |
| .actinides | |
| ..americium | |
| ...Am-241 | |
| SN | This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| Amadeus Basin | |
|---|---|
| BT | Australasia |
| .Australia | |
| ..Amadeus Basin | |
| RT | Northern Territory Australia |
| Pacoota Sandstone | |
| Western Australia | |
| SN | SW Northern Territory and W Western Australia. Indexed with states as applicable. |
| Amador County California | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .California | |
| ..Amador County California | |
| SN | E California. |
| Amagase Japan | |
|---|---|
| BT | nshu |
| .Kyoto Japan | |
| ..Amagase Japan | |
| SN | Village S of Osaka. |
| Amalthea Satellite | |
|---|---|
| RT | icy satellites |
| Jupiter | |
| satellites | |
| Voyager Program | |
| SN | One of the satellites of Jupiter. Before 1989, also search Amalthea AND Jupiter. Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| Amami | |
|---|---|
| USE | Oshima |
| Amami Gunto | |
|---|---|
| USE | Oshima |
| Amami-O-shima | |
|---|---|
| BT | Asia |
| .Far East | |
| ..Japan | |
| ...Kyushu | |
| ....Kagoshima Japan | |
| .....Oshima | |
| ......Amami-O-shima | |
| RT | O-shima |
| Oshima Peninsula | |
| SN | Largest island in Oshima (Amami Gunto) island group, SW of Kyushu. This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| Amanos Mountains | |
|---|---|
| BT | Asia |
| .Middle East | |
| ..Turkey | |
| ...Amanos Mountains | |
| UF | Alma Dag |
| Gavur Mountains | |
| SN | Along SE Gulf of Alexandretta in SE Anatolia. |
| Amapa Brazil | |
|---|---|
| BT | South America |
| .Brazil | |
| ..Amapa Brazil | |
| NT | Serra do Navio Brazil |
| SN | State on French Guiana border. |
| Amargosa Desert | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Amargosa Desert | |
| RT | California |
| Nevada | |
| SN | Indexed with California and/or Nevada as applicable. |
| amargosite | |
|---|---|
| USE | bentonite |
| Amarillo Texas | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Texas | |
| ..Potter County Texas | |
| ...Amarillo Texas | |
| SN | City, N Texas Panhandle. |
| Amarjola | |
|---|---|
| BT | Asia |
| .Indian Peninsula | |
| ..India | |
| ...Bihar India | |
| ....Amarjola | |
| RT | Rajmahal Hills |
| SN | Region in the Rajmahal Hills in E Bihar, E India. |
| Amasra Basin | |
|---|---|
| BT | Asia |
| .Middle East | |
| ..Turkey | |
| ...Amasra Basin | |
| RT | Anatolia |
| coal fields | |
| SN | Coal basin in NW Anatolia. |
| Amasra Turkey | |
|---|---|
| BT | Asia |
| .Middle East | |
| ..Turkey | |
| ...Zonguldak Turkey | |
| ....Amasra Turkey | |
| SN | Town on the Black Sea in NW Anatolia. |
| Amazon Basin | |
|---|---|
| BT | South America |
| .Amazon Basin | |
| UF | Amazon region |
| RT | Brazil |
| Bolivia | |
| Peru | |
| Colombia | |
| Ecuador | |
| Venezuela | |
| SN | River drainage basin. Before 1978, also search Amazon. Indexed with countries as applicable. |
| Amazon region | |
|---|---|
| USE | Amazon Basin |
| Amazon River | |
|---|---|
| BT | South America |
| .Amazon River | |
| UF | Rio Amazonas |
| RT | Brazil |
| Peru | |
| Colombia | |
| Marajo | |
| SN | Largest river in the world if measured by volume of water carried. Rises in 2 major headstreams in the Peruvian Andes flowing N and then E across N Brazil into the Atlantic Ocean. Before 1978, also search Amazon. Indexed with countries as applicable. |
| Amazonas | |
|---|---|
| SN | No longer a valid term for GeoRef. See Amazonas Brazil, Amazonas Colombia, Amazonas Peru or Amazonas Venezuela. For Rio Amazonas, use Amazon River. |
| Amazonas Brazil | |
|---|---|
| BT | South America |
| .Brazil | |
| ..Amazonas Brazil | |
| RT | Orinoco River |
| SN | State in NW Brazil. |
| Amazonas Colombia | |
|---|---|
| BT | South America |
| .Colombia | |
| ..Amazonas Colombia | |
| RT | Orinoco River |
| SN | Commissary in SE Colombia. |
| Amazonas Peru | |
|---|---|
| BT | South America |
| .Peru | |
| ..Amazonas Peru | |
| SN | Department in N Peru. |
| Amazonas Venezuela | |
|---|---|
| BT | South America |
| .Venezuela | |
| ..Amazonas Venezuela | |
| RT | Orinoco River |
| Rio Negro | |
| SN | State in S Venezuela. |
| Amazonian | |
|---|---|
| RT | Mars |
| SN | Youngest system of three in the Martian stratigraphic column. Added to Thesaurus in 1993. |
| Amazonian Orogeny | |
|---|---|
| USE | Transamazonian Orogeny |
| Amazonian Shield | |
|---|---|
| USE | Brazilian Shield |
| Amazonis Planitia | |
|---|---|
| BT | Mars |
| .Amazonis Planitia | |
| SN | Low plain. For references to Amazonis albedo feature, also search Amazonis. |
| amazonite | |
|---|---|
| BT | silicates |
| .framework silicates | |
| ..feldspar group | |
| ...alkali feldspar | |
| ....amazonite | |
| UF | amazonstone |
| RT | aluminosilicates |
| microcline | |
| amazonstone | |
|---|---|
| USE | amazonite |
| Amba Dongar | |
|---|---|
| BT | Asia |
| .Indian Peninsula | |
| ..India | |
| ...Gujarat India | |
| ....Amba Dongar | |
| SN | Region in Gujarat, W India. |
| amber | |
|---|---|
| BT | organic minerals |
| .amber | |
| UF | bernstein |
| RT | resins |
| amber mica | |
|---|---|
| USE | phlogopite |
| Ambin Massif | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Western Europe | |
| ..France | |
| ...Savoie France | |
| ....Ambin Massif | |
| SN | SE France. |
| amblygonite | |
|---|---|
| BT | phosphates |
| .amblygonite | |
| UF | hebronite |
| RT | lithium |
| montebrasite | |
| Amblypoda | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chordata |
| .Vertebrata | |
| ..Tetrapoda | |
| ...Mammalia | |
| ....Theria | |
| .....Eutheria | |
| ......Amblypoda | |
| NT | Dinocerata |
| Pantodonta | |
| Pyrotheria | |
| Xenungulata | |
| RT | Ungulata |
| SN | Order. |
| Ambre Mountain | |
|---|---|
| BT | Africa |
| .Madagascar | |
| ..Ambre Mountain | |
| SN | N Madagascar. This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| Ambrosia Lake | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .New Mexico | |
| ..McKinley County New Mexico | |
| ...Ambrosia Lake | |
| Ambrosia Lake District | |
|---|---|
| USE | Ambrosia Lake mining district |
| Ambrosia Lake mining district | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .New Mexico | |
| ..McKinley County New Mexico | |
| ...Ambrosia Lake mining district | |
| UF | Ambrosia Lake District |
| RT | mines |
| uranium ores | |
| Grants mineral belt | |
| SN | Uranium-mining district in New Mexico. Added to Thesaurus in 1993. |
| Amchitka Island | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Alaska | |
| ..Southwestern Alaska | |
| ...Aleutian Islands | |
| ....Amchitka Island | |
| NT | Cannikin Alaska |
| SN | In center of Aleutian Islands SW of Alaska Peninsula. Also search Amchitka. |
| AMCOR | |
|---|---|
| UF | Atlantic Margin Coring Project |
| RT | United States |
| oceanography | |
| continental margin | |
| soil mechanics | |
| Atlantic Coastal Plain | |
| continental shelf | |
| continental slope | |
| cores | |
| marine drilling | |
| marine sediments | |
| North Atlantic | |
| offshore | |
| U. S. Geological Survey | |
| SN | Acronym. Added to Thesaurus in 1985. |
| Ameki Formation | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Cenozoic | |
| ...Paleogene | |
| ....Eocene | |
| .....Ameki Formation | |
| RT | Nigeria |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| Amelia | |
|---|---|
| RT | Virginia |
| SN | Mineral bearing region in Amelia County in S central Virginia. Indexed with county and state as applicable. |
| Amelia County Virginia | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Virginia | |
| ..Amelia County Virginia | |
| Amerasia Basin | |
|---|---|
| BT | Arctic Ocean |
| .Amerasia Basin | |
| RT | Canada Basin |
| Lomonosov Ridge | |
| Makarov Basin | |
| SN | Arctic Ocean offshore Alaska, Canada and Greenland. Separated from the Eurasia Basin by the Lomonosov Ridge. The Canada and Makarov basins are major sub-basins. Also search Amerasian Basin. Added to Thesaurus in 1995. |
| America | |
|---|---|
| RT | Central America |
| Latin America | |
| North America | |
| South America | |
| West Indies | |
| SN | Includes all of the Americas. Added to Thesaurus in 1981. |
| American Association of Petroleum Geologists | |
|---|---|
| USE | AAPG |
| American Geological Institute | |
|---|---|
| USE | AGI |
| American Geophysical Union | |
|---|---|
| USE | AGU |
| American Museum of Natural History | |
|---|---|
| RT | museums |
| New York | |
| SN | In New York City. Not to be indexed with geography. |
| American River | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .California | |
| ..American River | |
| SN | Central California. Joins Sacramento River at Sacramento. Added to Thesaurus in 1985. |
| American Samoa | |
|---|---|
| USE | Samoa |
| americium | |
|---|---|
| BT | metals |
| .actinides | |
| ..americium | |
| NT | Am-241 |
| UF | Am |
| Americus Limestone Member | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Paleozoic | |
| ...Permian | |
| ....Americus Limestone Member | |
| RT | Oklahoma |
| Nebraska | |
| Kansas | |
| SN | Of Foraker Limestone. E Kansas, SE Nebraska and central N Oklahoma. |
| Ames Limestone | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Paleozoic | |
| ...Carboniferous | |
| ....Pennsylvanian | |
| .....Upper Pennsylvanian | |
| ......Ames Limestone | |
| RT | Kentucky |
| Pennsylvania | |
| Maryland | |
| West Virginia | |
| Conemaugh Group | |
| SN | Of Conemaugh Group. E Kentucky, SW Maryland, E Ohio, SW Pennsylvania, and N West Virginia. |
| amethyst | |
|---|---|
| BT | silicates |
| .framework silicates | |
| ..silica minerals | |
| ...amethyst | |
| RT | gems |
| quartz | |
| corundum | |
| SN | Variety of quartz. |
| Amherst County Virginia | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Virginia | |
| ..Amherst County Virginia | |
| Amiidae | |
|---|---|
| BT | lostei |
| .Amiidae | |
| SN | Family. |
| amino acids | |
|---|---|
| BT | organic compounds |
| .organic acids | |
| ..amino acids | |
| NT | alanine |
| aspartic acid | |
| glycine | |
| isoleucine | |
| RT | acids |
| fatty acids | |
| aminostratigraphy | |
| peptides | |
| proteins | |
| racemization | |
| aminostratigraphy | |
|---|---|
| RT | amino acids |
| biostratigraphy | |
| epimerization | |
| racemization | |
| stratigraphy | |
| SN | For dating method, see racemization. |
| Amisk Group | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Precambrian | |
| ..Archean | |
| ...Amisk Group | |
| RT | Manitoba |
| SN | Considered as oldest rocks in Flin Flon Belt. Overlain by Missi Group. |
| Amisk Lake | |
|---|---|
| BT | Canada |
| .Western Canada | |
| ..Saskatchewan | |
| ...Amisk Lake | |
| SN | Near Manitoba border in NE Saskatchewan. |
| Amite County Mississippi | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Mississippi | |
| ..Amite County Mississippi | |
| Amite River | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Amite River | |
| RT | Louisiana |
| Mississippi | |
| SN | Rises in SW Mississippi and flows S and E into Lake Maurepas in SE Louisiana. Indexed with states as applicable. |
| Amitsoq Gneiss | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Precambrian | |
| ..Archean | |
| ...upper Archean | |
| ....Amitsoq Gneiss | |
| RT | Greenland |
| SN | W Greenland. Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| Ammobaculites | |
|---|---|
| BT | Invertebrata |
| .Protista | |
| ..Foraminifera | |
| ...Textulariina | |
| ....Lituolacea | |
| .....Ammobaculites | |
| RT | microfossils |
| SN | Genus. Indexed with microfossils if applicable. |
| Ammodiscacea | |
|---|---|
| BT | Invertebrata |
| .Protista | |
| ..Foraminifera | |
| ...Textulariina | |
| ....Ammodiscacea | |
| NT | Ammodiscidae |
| Astrorhizidae | |
| RT | microfossils |
| SN | Indexed with microfossils if applicable. |
| Ammodiscidae | |
|---|---|
| BT | Invertebrata |
| .Protista | |
| ..Foraminifera | |
| ...Textulariina | |
| ....Ammodiscacea | |
| .....Ammodiscidae | |
| RT | microfossils |
| SN | Family. Indexed with microfossils if applicable. |
| Ammonia | |
|---|---|
| BT | Invertebrata |
| .Protista | |
| ..Foraminifera | |
| ...Rotaliina | |
| ....Rotaliacea | |
| .....Ammonia | |
| NT | Ammonia beccarii |
| RT | microfossils |
| ammonia compound | |
| SN | Genus. Indexed with microfossils if applicable. |
| Ammonia beccarii | |
|---|---|
| BT | Invertebrata |
| .Protista | |
| ..Foraminifera | |
| ...Rotaliina | |
| ....Rotaliacea | |
| .....Ammonia | |
| ......Ammonia beccarii | |
| RT | microfossils |
| SN | Species. Indexed with microfossils if applicable. |
| ammonia compound | |
|---|---|
| RT | Ammonia |
| ammonium | |
| ammonium ion | |
| geochemistry | |
| nitrification | |
| SN | Use to distinguish from fossil genus, Ammonia. Before 1978, also search ammonia. |
| Ammonites | |
|---|---|
| BT | Invertebrata |
| .Mollusca | |
| ..Cephalopoda | |
| ...Tetrabranchiata | |
| ....Ammonoidea | |
| .....Ammonites | |
| RT | aptychi |
| Ceratites | |
| ammonium | |
|---|---|
| RT | ammonia compound |
| geochemistry | |
| nitrification | |
| ammonium ion | |
|---|---|
| RT | ammonia compound |
| geochemistry | |
| ions | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1985. |
| Ammonoosuc Volcanics | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Paleozoic | |
| ...Ordovician | |
| ....Middle Ordovician | |
| .....Ammonoosuc Volcanics | |
| RT | Vermont |
| Massachusetts | |
| New Hampshire | |
| SN | NW New Hampshire, N central Massachusetts, and Vermont. Added to Thesaurus in 1985. |
| amorphous materials | |
|---|---|
| RT | Andisols |
| Andosols | |
| clay minerals | |
| crystallinity | |
| glass materials | |
| glasses | |
| imogolite | |
| materials | |
| opal-A | |
| order-disorder | |
| shirasu | |
| shungite | |
| volcanic ash | |
| weathering | |
| SN | General term for all materials not crystalline. Descriptive, not geologic term. Before 1978, also search amorphous AND materials. |
| amosite | |
|---|---|
| BT | silicates |
| .chain silicates | |
| ..amphibole group | |
| ...clinoamphibole | |
| ....amosite | |
| RT | asbestos |
| anthophyllite | |
| gedrite | |
| SN | Commercial term. |
| Amparo Brazil | |
|---|---|
| BT | South America |
| .Brazil | |
| ..Sao Paulo Brazil | |
| ...Amparo Brazil | |
| SN | City in E Sao Paulo State. |
| Amphibia | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chordata |
| .Vertebrata | |
| ..Tetrapoda | |
| ...Amphibia | |
| NT | Labyrinthodontia |
| Lepospondyli | |
| Lissamphibia | |
| RT | nests |
| SN | Class. |
| amphibole | |
|---|---|
| USE | amphibole group |
| amphibole group | |
|---|---|
| BT | silicates |
| .chain silicates | |
| ..amphibole group | |
| NT | alkalic amphibole |
| clinoamphibole | |
| orthoamphibole | |
| UF | amphibole |
| RT | asbestos |
| amphibolitization | |
| jade | |
| amphibolite facies | |
|---|---|
| BT | facies |
| .amphibolite facies | |
| RT | metamorphic rocks |
| epidote-amphibolite facies | |
| amphibolites | |
|---|---|
| BT | metamorphic rocks |
| .amphibolites | |
| NT | orthoamphibolite |
| para-amphibolite | |
| RT | amphibolitization |
| amphibolitization | |
|---|---|
| BT | metasomatism |
| .amphibolitization | |
| UF | amphibolization |
| RT | processes |
| amphibole group | |
| alteration | |
| amphibolites | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| amphibolization | |
|---|---|
| USE | amphibolitization |
| Amphineura | |
|---|---|
| SN | Not a valid term for GeoRef. Use Aplacophora or Polyplacophora. |
| Amphipora | |
|---|---|
| BT | Invertebrata |
| .Coelenterata | |
| ..Stromatoporoidea | |
| ...Amphipora | |
| SN | Genus. |
| Amphistegina | |
|---|---|
| BT | Invertebrata |
| .Protista | |
| ..Foraminifera | |
| ...Rotaliina | |
| ....Orbitoidacea | |
| .....Amphistegina | |
| RT | microfossils |
| SN | Genus. Indexed with microfossils if applicable. |
| ampian Highlands | |
|---|---|
| NT | Cairngorm Mountains |
| amplification | |
|---|---|
| SN | As of 1995, not a valid term for GeoRef. Use wave amplification if applicable. |
| amplification, wave | |
|---|---|
| USE | wave amplification |
| amplitude | |
|---|---|
| RT | AVO methods |
| elastic waves | |
| Hilbert transformations | |
| seismic intensity | |
| seismology | |
| SN | Not to be used to indicate abundance. Strictly for use in seismology. |
| amplitude distortion | |
|---|---|
| RT | distortion |
| elastic waves | |
| seismology | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1981. |
| amplitude variation with offset | |
|---|---|
| USE | AVO methods |
| amplitude-versus-offset analysis | |
|---|---|
| USE | AVO methods |
| Ampurdan | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Southern Europe | |
| ..Iberian Peninsula | |
| ...Spain | |
| ....Catalonia Spain | |
| .....Gerona Spain | |
| ......Ampurdan | |
| SN | Coastal plain in Catalonia. |
| AMRAP | |
|---|---|
| UF | Alaska Mineral Resource Assessment Program |
| RT | mineral resources |
| Alaska | |
| U. S. Geological Survey | |
| economic geology | |
| SN | Acronym. Added to Thesaurus in 1995. |
| AMS C-14 dating | |
|---|---|
| SN | Not a valid term for GeoRef. As of 1993, use C-14 and accelerator mass spectroscopy and absolute age. |
| Amsden Formation | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Paleozoic | |
| ...Carboniferous | |
| ....Amsden Formation | |
| RT | Mississippian |
| Pennsylvanian | |
| Wyoming | |
| Montana | |
| North Dakota | |
| SN | In Montchauve Group. Montana, Wyoming and North Dakota. Added to Thesaurus in 1985. |
| Amsterdam Island | |
|---|---|
| BT | Indian Ocean Islands |
| .Amsterdam Island | |
| SN | Dependency of Madagascar 2800 miles off SE African coast. |
| Amsterdam Netherlands | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Western Europe | |
| ..Netherlands | |
| ...Amsterdam Netherlands | |
| SN | City on Ijsselmeer (former Zuider Zee). North Holland. |
| Amu Darya | |
|---|---|
| BT | Asia |
| .Amu Darya | |
| UF | Oxus |
| RT | Afghanistan |
| Tajikistan | |
| Amu Darya Basin | |
| Uzbekistan | |
| Surkhan Darya | |
| Turkmenia | |
| Vakhsh River | |
| SN | River which rises in Pamirs and flows into Aral Sea. Indexed with Afghanistan and former Soviet republics as applicable. |
| Amu Darya Basin | |
|---|---|
| BT | Asia |
| .Amu Darya Basin | |
| UF | Amu Darya Syneclise |
| RT | Afghanistan |
| Tajikistan | |
| Amu Darya | |
| Uzbekistan | |
| Turkmenia | |
| SN | River basin of the Amu Darya. Indexed with former Soviet republics and/or Afghanistan as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| Amu Darya Syneclise | |
|---|---|
| USE | Amu Darya Basin |
| Amund Ringnes Island | |
|---|---|
| BT | Canada |
| .Northwest Territories | |
| ..Franklin District Northwest Territories | |
| ...Queen Elizabeth Islands | |
| ....Amund Ringnes Island | |
| SN | One of the Sverdrup Islands, Queen Elizabeth Islands in Franklin District. |
| Amur Basin | |
|---|---|
| BT | Asia |
| .Amur Basin | |
| RT | Russian Federation |
| Mongolia | |
| Amur region | |
| Inner Mongolia China | |
| Russian Far East | |
| SN | River basin covering an area including parts of Amur and Chita oblasts, and Khabarovsk region in the Russian Federation; parts of Inner Mongolia, and N China; and E Mongolia. Before 1981, also search Amur region. Indexed with Chinese provinces, Mongolia, |
| Amur region | |
|---|---|
| BT | Commonwealth of Independent States |
| .Russian Federation | |
| ..Amur region | |
| BT | Asia |
| .Amur region | |
| RT | Amur Basin |
| Baikal-Amur Railroad region | |
| Bureya Russian Federation | |
| Khabarovsk Russian Federation | |
| Stanovoy Range | |
| Udokan Series | |
| Zeya-Bureya Basin | |
| SN | SE Russian Federation. Larger than the oblast. This term has multiple hierarchies. Added to Thesaurus in 1981. |
| Amur River | |
|---|---|
| BT | Asia |
| .Amur River | |
| RT | Russian Federation |
| Inner Mongolia China | |
| Argun River | |
| Heilongjiang China | |
| SN | Formed at junction of the Shilka River and the Argun River. After serving as the boundary between N China and 2 oblasts of the Russian Federation, it flows NE across Khabarovsk region into the N end of the Tatar Strait. In China, the river is also called |
| Amur Russian Federation | |
|---|---|
| BT | Commonwealth of Independent States |
| .Russian Federation | |
| ..Amur Russian Federation | |
| BT | Asia |
| .Amur Russian Federation | |
| NT | Bureya Russian Federation |
| Zeya-Bureya Basin | |
| RT | Russian Far East |
| Transbaikalia | |
| Zeya River | |
| SN | Oblast. Before 1993, Amur Russian Republic was also used. This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| amygdules | |
|---|---|
| RT | agate |
| igneous rocks | |
| pebbles | |
| secondary minerals | |
| sediments | |
| SN | Includes use as a general term. Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| Anabar Anteclise | |
|---|---|
| USE | Anabar Shield |
| Anabar Bay | |
|---|---|
| BT | Commonwealth of Independent States |
| .Russian Federation | |
| ..Yakutia Russian Federation | |
| ...Anabar Bay | |
| RT | Laptev Sea |
| SN | On the Laptev Sea in NW Yakutia. Also search Anabar. This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| Anabar Massif | |
|---|---|
| USE | Anabar Shield |
| Anabar River | |
|---|---|
| BT | Commonwealth of Independent States |
| .Russian Federation | |
| ..Yakutia Russian Federation | |
| ...Anabar River | |
| SN | Flows into Anabar Bay in NW Yakutia. Also search Anabar. This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| Anabar Shield | |
|---|---|
| BT | Commonwealth of Independent States |
| .Russian Federation | |
| ..Yakutia Russian Federation | |
| ...Anabar Shield | |
| BT | Commonwealth of Independent States |
| .Russian Federation | |
| ..Siberian Platform | |
| ...Anabar Shield | |
| UF | Anabar Anteclise |
| Anabar Massif | |
| RT | Udachnaya Pipe |
| SN | Part of the Siberian Platform in NW central Yakutia. Also search Anabar. This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| Anacostia River basin | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Anacostia River basin | |
| RT | Maryland |
| District of Columbia | |
| SN | Also search Anacostia River. Indexed with Maryland and/or District of Columbia as applicable. |
| Anadarko Basin | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Anadarko Basin | |
| RT | Oklahoma |
| Texas | |
| Kansas | |
| Arbuckle Anticline | |
| SN | Indexed with states as applicable. |
| Anadyr Basin | |
|---|---|
| BT | Commonwealth of Independent States |
| .Russian Federation | |
| ..Anadyr Basin | |
| BT | Asia |
| .Anadyr Basin | |
| RT | Chukchi Peninsula |
| Magadan Russian Federation | |
| SN | River basin in Chukchi National Okrug in NE Siberia. Also search Anadyr. This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| Anadyr Range | |
|---|---|
| BT | Commonwealth of Independent States |
| .Russian Federation | |
| ..Anadyr Range | |
| BT | Asia |
| .Anadyr Range | |
| UF | Chukchi Range |
| SN | Extends SE from Chaun Bay into W Chukchi Peninsula in extreme NE Siberia. Also search Anadyr. This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| anaerobic environment | |
|---|---|
| UF | anoxic environment |
| RT | paleoecology |
| aerobic environment | |
| depositional environment | |
| eutrophication | |
| anaerobic taxa | |
| deep-water environment | |
| sapropel | |
| SN | Before 1978, search anaerobic. |
| anaerobic taxa | |
|---|---|
| UF | taxa, anaerobic |
| RT | ecology |
| paleoecology | |
| anaerobic environment | |
| fossils | |
| SN | Before 1978, search anaerobic. |
| Anagalida | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chordata |
| .Vertebrata | |
| ..Tetrapoda | |
| ...Mammalia | |
| ....Theria | |
| .....Eutheria | |
| ......Insectivora | |
| .......Proteutheria | |
| ........Anagalida | |
| SN | Family. |
| Anahuac Formation | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Cenozoic | |
| ...Tertiary | |
| ....Anahuac Formation | |
| RT | Louisiana |
| Texas | |
| lower Miocene | |
| upper Oligocene | |
| SN | Upper Oligocene or lower Miocene. Louisiana and Texas. Indexed with ages as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1985. |
| analbite | |
|---|---|
| BT | silicates |
| .framework silicates | |
| ..feldspar group | |
| ...plagioclase | |
| ....analbite | |
| analcime | |
|---|---|
| BT | silicates |
| .framework silicates | |
| ..zeolite group | |
| ...analcime | |
| UF | analcite |
| analcite | |
|---|---|
| USE | analcime |
| analog filters | |
|---|---|
| RT | continuous filters |
| discrete filters | |
| filters | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1981. |
| analog simulation | |
|---|---|
| UF | analog techniques |
| RT | data processing |
| mathematical geology | |
| models | |
| modern analogs | |
| simulation | |
| visualization | |
| SN | Also search analog AND data processing. |
| analog techniques | |
|---|---|
| USE | analog simulation |
| analogs, modern | |
|---|---|
| USE | modern analogs |
| analogs, natural | |
|---|---|
| USE | natural analogs |
| analogues, modern | |
|---|---|
| USE | modern analogs |
| analogues, natural | |
|---|---|
| USE | natural analogs |
| analyses | |
|---|---|
| SN | A valid term through 1974. After 1974, use analysis. |
| analysis | |
|---|---|
| RT | activation analysis |
| alpha-ray spectroscopy | |
| ash content | |
| atomic absorption | |
| atomic force microscopy | |
| Auger spectroscopy | |
| automated analysis | |
| autoradiography | |
| Backus-Gilbert analysis | |
| basin analysis | |
| Bayesian analysis | |
| bioassays | |
| bivariate analysis | |
| boundary element a | |
| SN | Before 1975, also search analyses. For data index material name. |
| analysis of variance | |
|---|---|
| USE | variance analysis |
| analytical | |
|---|---|
| SN | A valid index term through 1977. See analysis, chemical analysis. |
| analytical data | |
|---|---|
| SN | A valid term through 1975. After 1975, use data. |
| analytical methods | |
|---|---|
| SN | As of 1982, no longer a valid term for GeoRef. A valid term from 1978-1981. Before 1978, also search analytical AND methods. See chemical analysis or methods. |
| Anantapur India | |
|---|---|
| BT | Asia |
| .Indian Peninsula | |
| ..India | |
| ...Andhra Pradesh India | |
| ....Anantapur India | |
| SN | City and district in SW Andhra Pradesh, S India. |
| Anantnag | |
|---|---|
| RT | India |
| Jammu and Kashmir | |
| Pakistan | |
| SN | Town and district in S central Jammu and Kashmir, disputed territory between India and Pakistan. Before 1993, India was a broader term. Indexed with Jammu and Kashmir; and India and/or Pakistan as applicable. |
| Anapa Russian Federation | |
|---|---|
| BT | Commonwealth of Independent States |
| .Russian Federation | |
| ..Krasnodar Russian Federation | |
| ...Anapa Russian Federation | |
| SN | Town in Krasnodar Kray in the Northern Caucasus. Before 1993, Anapa Russian Republic was also used. This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| Anapsida | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chordata |
| .Vertebrata | |
| ..Tetrapoda | |
| ...Reptilia | |
| ....Anapsida | |
| NT | Chelonia |
| Cotylosauria | |
| Mesosauria | |
| RT | Testudinata |
| SN | Subclass. |
| Anarak Iran | |
|---|---|
| BT | Asia |
| .Middle East | |
| ..Iran | |
| ...Anarak Iran | |
| SN | Town in Esfahan, central Iran. |
| Anarcestida | |
|---|---|
| BT | Invertebrata |
| .Mollusca | |
| ..Cephalopoda | |
| ...Tetrabranchiata | |
| ....Ammonoidea | |
| .....Anarcestida | |
| Anasco Bay | |
|---|---|
| BT | Caribbean region |
| .West Indies | |
| ..Antilles | |
| ...Greater Antilles | |
| ....Puerto Rico | |
| .....Anasco Bay | |
| SN | On Mona Passage on the W coast. |
| anastomosing streams | |
|---|---|
| USE | braided streams |
| anatase | |
|---|---|
| BT | oxides |
| .anatase | |
| UF | octahedrite (mineral) |
| RT | brookite |
| rutile | |
| titanium oxides | |
| anatectite | |
|---|---|
| USE | anatexite |
| anatexis | |
|---|---|
| RT | assimilation |
| magma contamination | |
| magmas | |
| metamorphism | |
| palingenesis | |
| restites | |
| anatexite | |
|---|---|
| BT | metamorphic rocks |
| .migmatites | |
| ..anatexite | |
| UF | anatectite |
| Anatolia | |
|---|---|
| BT | Asia |
| .Middle East | |
| ..Turkey | |
| ...Anatolia | |
| RT | Adana Turkey |
| Alanya Turkey | |
| Amasra Basin | |
| Anatolian Plate | |
| Ankara Turkey | |
| Antalya Turkey | |
| Elbistan Turkey | |
| Eskisehir Turkey | |
| Hatay Turkey | |
| Kocaeli Turkey | |
| Konya Basin | |
| Konya Turkey | |
| Menderes Massif | |
| Mudurnu earthquake 1967 | |
| Tuz Golu | |
| SN | In W and W central Turkey. |
| Anatolian Plate | |
|---|---|
| RT | Anatolia |
| plate tectonics | |
| plates | |
| Turkey | |
| SN | Indexed with geographic area and/or age as applicable. |
| anatomy | |
|---|---|
| RT | bones |
| craniums | |
| enamel | |
| extremities | |
| feet | |
| fish scales | |
| functional morphology | |
| homology | |
| horns | |
| jaws | |
| Lagerstatten | |
| morphology | |
| muscles | |
| nervous system | |
| paleontology | |
| pelvises | |
| physiology | |
| skeletons | |
| skulls | |
| spinal column | |
| teeth | |
| vertebrae | |
| wings | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1982. |
| Ancenis France | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Western Europe | |
| ..France | |
| ...Loire-Atlantique France | |
| ....Ancenis France | |
| SN | Town on the Loire River in W France. |
| anchimetamorphism | |
|---|---|
| BT | metamorphism |
| .anchimetamorphism | |
| RT | ground water |
| weathering | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1982. |
| Anchorage Alaska | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Alaska | |
| ..Southern Alaska | |
| ...Anchorage Alaska | |
| UF | Anchorage region |
| RT | Cook Inlet |
| SN | City in Cook Inlet in S Alaska. |
| Anchorage region | |
|---|---|
| USE | Anchorage Alaska |
| anchors | |
|---|---|
| RT | engineering geology |
| ancient | |
|---|---|
| SN | A valid term through 1977 used with ice ages (i.e. ice ages, ancient). After 1977, use ancient ice ages. |
| ancient ice ages | |
|---|---|
| RT | glacial geology |
| SN | Used for pre-Quaternary glaciation. Before 1978, also search ice ages, ancient. |
| Ancona Italy | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Southern Europe | |
| ..Italy | |
| ...Marches Italy | |
| ....Ancona Italy | |
| SN | City and province on the Adriatic Sea. |
| Ancylus Lake | |
|---|---|
| BT | wer Holocene |
| .Ancylus Lake | |
| RT | Finland |
| Baltic Sea | |
| Sweden | |
| Baltic Glaciation | |
| Baltic region | |
| SN | Stage of Baltic Glaciation. W Finland and N Sweden. Indexed with countries as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| Andalusia Spain | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Southern Europe | |
| ..Iberian Peninsula | |
| ...Spain | |
| ....Andalusia Spain | |
| NT | Almeria Spain |
| Alpujarras | |
| Cadiz Spain | |
| Cordoba Spain | |
| Granada Spain | |
| Huelva Spain | |
| Jaen Spain | |
| Malaga Spain | |
| Nevado-Filabride Complex | |
| Serrania de Ronda | |
| Seville Spain | |
| Spanish Sierra Nevada | |
| RT | Andalusian |
| Iberian pyrite belt | |
| SN | Eight provinces in S and SW Spain. |
| Andalusian | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Mesozoic | |
| ...Triassic | |
| ....Andalusian | |
| RT | Spain |
| Andalusia Spain | |
| Betic Cordillera | |
| andalusite | |
|---|---|
| BT | silicates |
| .orthosilicates | |
| ..nesosilicates | |
| ...andalusite | |
| RT | andalusite deposits |
| kyanite | |
| sillimanite | |
| SN | As of 1981, use andalusite deposits for andalusite as a commodity. |
| andalusite deposits | |
|---|---|
| RT | andalusite |
| ceramic materials | |
| SN | May be used as a commodity term with ceramic materials. |
| Andaman Basin | |
|---|---|
| BT | Indian Ocean |
| .Bay of Bengal | |
| ..Andaman Basin | |
| SN | Between the Andaman and the Nicobar islands. |
| Andaman Islands | |
|---|---|
| BT | Asia |
| .Indian Peninsula | |
| ..India | |
| ...Bengal Islands | |
| ....Andaman Islands | |
| RT | Indian Ocean Islands |
| Neill Island | |
| SN | E Bay of Bengal, N of Nicobar Islands. Andaman and Nicobar Territory. |
| Andaman Sea | |
|---|---|
| BT | Indian Ocean |
| .Andaman Sea | |
| RT | Bay of Bengal |
| Great Sumatran Fault | |
| SN | W of Burmese and Thai section of Malay Peninsula. |
| Andean Geosyncline | |
|---|---|
| RT | Andean Orogeny |
| Andes | |
| geosynclines | |
| SN | Before 1978, search geosynclines AND Andean. |
| Andean Orogeny | |
|---|---|
| RT | Andean Geosyncline |
| Andes | |
| orogeny | |
| tectonics | |
| SN | Before 1978, search orogeny AND Andean. |
| Andepts | |
|---|---|
| BT | soils |
| .Inceptisols | |
| ..Andepts | |
| Anderson County Kansas | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Kansas | |
| ..Anderson County Kansas | |
| NT | Garnett Kansas |
| SN | E Kansas. |
| Anderson County Kentucky | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Kentucky | |
| ..Anderson County Kentucky | |
| SN | Central Kentucky. |
| Anderson County South Carolina | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .South Carolina | |
| ..Anderson County South Carolina | |
| SN | NW South Carolina. |
| Anderson County Tennessee | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Tennessee | |
| ..Anderson County Tennessee | |
| NT | Walker Branch watershed |
| RT | Oak Ridge National Laboratory |
| SN | E Tennessee. |
| Anderson County Texas | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Texas | |
| ..Anderson County Texas | |
| SN | E Texas. |
| Andes | |
|---|---|
| BT | South America |
| .Andes | |
| NT | Argentine Andes |
| Central Andes | |
| Eastern Cordillera | |
| Galeras | |
| Northern Andes | |
| Patagonian Andes | |
| Sierra de Perija | |
| Southern Andes | |
| Venezuelan Andes | |
| Western Cordillera | |
| UF | Andes Mountains |
| RT | Altiplano |
| Argentina | |
| Bolivia | |
| Peru | |
| Puna | |
| Colombia | |
| Ecuador | |
| Venezuela | |
| Andean Geosyncline | |
| Andean Orogeny | |
| Caribbean Mountain Range | |
| Central Cordillera | |
| Chile | |
| Vaca Muerta Formation | |
| SN | Mountain system extending along W coast from Venezuela and Colombia to Tierra del Fuego. Indexed with countries as applicable. |
| Andes Mountains | |
|---|---|
| USE | Andes |
| andesine | |
|---|---|
| BT | silicates |
| .framework silicates | |
| ..feldspar group | |
| ...plagioclase | |
| ....andesine | |
| RT | albite |
| anorthite | |
| andesite basalt | |
|---|---|
| SN | Not a valid term for GeoRef. See basalt. |
| andesite porphyry | |
|---|---|
| BT | igneous rocks |
| .volcanic rocks | |
| ..andesites | |
| ...andesite porphyry | |
| RT | porphyry |
| andesite tuff | |
|---|---|
| BT | igneous rocks |
| .volcanic rocks | |
| ..pyroclastics | |
| ...andesite tuff | |
| UF | andesitic tuff |
| RT | tuff |
| andesite-rhyolite family | |
|---|---|
| SN | As of 1981, no longer a valid term for GeoRef. Use andesites, trachyandesites, dacites, rhyodacites, or rhyolites as applicable. |
| andesites | |
|---|---|
| BT | igneous rocks |
| .volcanic rocks | |
| ..andesites | |
| NT | andesite porphyry |
| boninite | |
| pyroxene andesite | |
| RT | andesitic composition |
| propylite | |
| SN | Before 1981, search andesite-rhyolite family. |
| andesitic composition | |
|---|---|
| RT | andesites |
| igneous rocks | |
| composition | |
| SN | Before 1978, search andesitic AND composition. |
| andesitic tuff | |
|---|---|
| USE | andesite tuff |
| Andisols | |
|---|---|
| BT | soils |
| .Andisols | |
| RT | soil group |
| amorphous materials | |
| Andosols | |
| SN | Soil group of the U. S. Soil Taxonomy system. Similar to but not to be confused with Andosols of the FAO/UNESCO classification system. |
| Ando soils | |
|---|---|
| USE | Andosols |
| Andorra | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Western Europe | |
| ..Andorra | |
| RT | Pyrenean Orogeny |
| Pyrenees | |
| SN | A principality in E Pyrenees between France and Spain. |
| Andosols | |
|---|---|
| BT | soils |
| .Andosols | |
| UF | Ando soils |
| RT | soil group |
| amorphous materials | |
| Andisols | |
| SN | FAO/UNESCO classification system. |
| andradite | |
|---|---|
| BT | silicates |
| .orthosilicates | |
| ..nesosilicates | |
| ...garnet group | |
| ....andradite | |
| Andreanof Islands earthquake 1957 | |
|---|---|
| USE | Aleutian Islands earthquake 1957 |
| Andreanof Islands earthquake 1986 | |
|---|---|
| BT | earthquakes |
| .Andreanof Islands earthquake 1986 | |
| RT | Aleutian Islands |
| Alaska | |
| SN | Epicenter near the Andreanof Islands, Aleutian Islands, SW Alaska. Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| Andrew County Missouri | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Missouri | |
| ..Andrew County Missouri | |
| Andrews County Texas | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Texas | |
| ..Andrews County Texas | |
| RT | Central Basin Platform |
| SN | W Texas. |
| Andriamena Madagascar | |
|---|---|
| BT | Africa |
| .Madagascar | |
| ..Andriamena Madagascar | |
| SN | Village in N central Madagascar. This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| Andros Island | |
|---|---|
| RT | Bahamas |
| Cyclades | |
| SN | Large island in W Bahamas. Also in Cyclades of Greece. Search in combination with country. Indexed with country or island group as applicable. |
| Androscoggin County Maine | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Maine | |
| ..Androscoggin County Maine | |
| SN | SW Maine. |
| Andrychow | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Central Europe | |
| ..Poland | |
| ...Andrychow | |
| RT | Andrychow Poland |
| SN | Borehole. After 1993, use Andrychow Poland for the town. |
| Andrychow Poland | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Central Europe | |
| ..Poland | |
| ...Bielsko Poland | |
| ....Andrychow Poland | |
| RT | Andrychow |
| Cracow Poland | |
| SN | Town in S Poland. |
| andstone#Big Injun Sandstone#Brassfield Formation#Cincinnati Arch#Clays Ferry Fo |
|---|
| Anegada Island | |
|---|---|
| BT | Caribbean region |
| .West Indies | |
| ..Antilles | |
| ...Lesser Antilles | |
| ....Virgin Islands | |
| .....British Virgin Islands | |
| ......Anegada Island | |
| SN | Northernmost island. British Virgin Islands. |
| anelastic materials | |
|---|---|
| UF | anelastic media |
| RT | seismology |
| materials | |
| SN | Before 1981, also search anelastic. Added to Thesaurus in 1981. |
| anelastic media | |
|---|---|
| USE | anelastic materials |
| anelasticity | |
|---|---|
| RT | brittle deformation |
| deformation | |
| elasticity | |
| seismology | |
| Anette Island | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Alaska | |
| ..Southeastern Alaska | |
| ...Alexander Archipelago | |
| ....Anette Island | |
| SN | S Alexander Archipelago, in Anette Islands Reserve, SE Alaska. |
| Anewetak Atoll | |
|---|---|
| USE | Enewetak Atoll |
| Angara River | |
|---|---|
| BT | Commonwealth of Independent States |
| .Russian Federation | |
| ..Angara River | |
| BT | Asia |
| .Angara River | |
| UF | Upper Tunguska |
| RT | Tunguska |
| Tunguska River | |
| SN | Flows from Lake Baikal into Yenisei River. Formerly called Upper Tunguska in its lower course. This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| Angara-Lena Basin | |
|---|---|
| BT | Commonwealth of Independent States |
| .Russian Federation | |
| ..Siberian Platform | |
| ...Angara-Lena Basin | |
| RT | Irkutsk Russian Federation |
| Lena Basin | |
| SN | Adjoining basin of two rivers in Irkutsk Oblast W and NW of Lake Baikal. This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| Angelina County Texas | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Texas | |
| ..Angelina County Texas | |
| Angiospermae | |
|---|---|
| BT | Plantae |
| .Spermatophyta | |
| ..Angiospermae | |
| NT | Dicotyledoneae |
| Monocotyledoneae | |
| RT | Florinites |
| fossil wood | |
| Gymnospermae | |
| Pteropsida | |
| seeds | |
| sporangia | |
| angle of dip | |
|---|---|
| USE | dip |
| Anglesea Island | |
|---|---|
| USE | Anglesey |
| Anglesey | |
|---|---|
| UF | Anglesea Island |
| RT | Anglesey Wales |
| SN | Island in N Wales at 53#DG10' 53#DG30' 004#DGW 004#DGW40'. As of April 1974, part of Gwynedd County. As of 1993, see Anglesey Wales for the former county. May occur in other locations, search with Wales if applicable. Indexed with Anglesey Wales if applic |
| Anglesey Wales | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Western Europe | |
| ..United Kingdom | |
| ...Great Britain | |
| ....Wales | |
| .....Anglesey Wales | |
| RT | Anglesey |
| SN | Former county in N Wales including the island and Holyhead. As of April 1974, part of Gwynedd County. |
| anglesite | |
|---|---|
| BT | sulfates |
| .anglesite | |
| Anglian | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Cenozoic | |
| ...Quaternary | |
| ....Anglian | |
| SN | W Europe. Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| Angola | |
|---|---|
| BT | Africa |
| .Central Africa | |
| ..Angola | |
| NT | Cabinda Angola |
| Catanda Angola | |
| Cuanza Basin | |
| Cuanza-Sul Angola | |
| Luanda Angola | |
| Mossamedes | |
| Namibe Angola | |
| UF | Portuguese West Africa |
| RT | Congo Basin |
| Congo River | |
| Kasai River | |
| Zambezi Valley | |
| SN | Peoples Republic of Angola. |
| Angola abyssal plain | |
|---|---|
| USE | Angola Basin |
| Angola Basin | |
|---|---|
| BT | Atlantic Ocean |
| .South Atlantic | |
| ..Angola Basin | |
| UF | Angola abyssal plain |
| RT | DSDP Site 364 |
| DSDP Site 365 | |
| DSDP Site 522 | |
| DSDP Site 523 | |
| Leg 40 | |
| Leg 73 | |
| ODP Site 1075 | |
| ODP Site 1076 | |
| ODP Site 1077 | |
| ODP Site 1078 | |
| ODP Site 1079 | |
| ODP Site 1080 | |
| SN | SE Atlantic Ocean. Added to Thesaurus in 1985. |
| Angora Turkey | |
|---|---|
| USE | Ankara Turkey |
| Angouleme France | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Western Europe | |
| ..France | |
| ...Charente France | |
| ....Angouleme France | |
| SN | City in W France. |
| Angra dos Reis | |
|---|---|
| SN | No longer a valid term for GeoRef. See Angra dos Reis Brazil. Use Angra dos Reis Meteorite and achondrites if applicable. |
| Angra dos Reis Brazil | |
|---|---|
| BT | South America |
| .Brazil | |
| ..Rio de Janeiro Brazil | |
| ...Angra dos Reis Brazil | |
| SN | City in SW Rio de Janeiro. |
| Angren Uzbekistan | |
|---|---|
| BT | Asia |
| .Uzbekistan | |
| ..Tashkent Uzbekistan | |
| ...Angren Uzbekistan | |
| SN | City in Tashkent Oblast. This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| angrite | |
|---|---|
| BT | meteorites |
| .stony meteorites | |
| ..achondrites | |
| ...angrite | |
| NT | LEW 86010 |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1981. |
| angular momentum | |
|---|---|
| RT | atmosphere |
| circulation | |
| convection | |
| Earth | |
| motions | |
| torque | |
| SN | Used as a general term, sometimes in relation to atmospheric circulation. Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| angular unconformities | |
|---|---|
| BT | unconformities |
| .angular unconformities | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1982. |
| Angus Scotland | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Western Europe | |
| ..United Kingdom | |
| ...Great Britain | |
| ....Scotland | |
| .....Angus Scotland | |
| UF | Forfarshire Scotland |
| RT | Dundee Scotland |
| SN | Former county on the North Sea. Before 1978, also search Forfar. Became part of Tayside region Scotland in 1974. |
| Anhui China | |
|---|---|
| BT | Asia |
| .Far East | |
| ..China | |
| ...Anhui China | |
| NT | Qianshan China |
| UF | Anhwei China |
| RT | Dabie Mountains |
| Taiyuan Formation | |
| Tancheng-Lujiang Fault | |
| Tancheng-Lujiang fault zone | |
| Tangshan China | |
| Wufeng Formation | |
| Yangtze Platform | |
| Yishu Fault | |
| SN | Province. E China. |
| Anhwei China | |
|---|---|
| USE | Anhui China |
| anhydrite | |
|---|---|
| BT | sulfates |
| .anhydrite | |
| UF | cube spar |
| RT | sedimentary rocks |
| gypsum | |
| chemically precipitated rocks | |
| sediments | |
| anhydrite deposits | |
| calcium sulfate | |
| cap rocks | |
| evaporites | |
| SN | As of 1981, use anhydrite deposits for anhydrite as a commodity. |
| anhydrite deposits | |
|---|---|
| RT | anhydrite |
| evaporite deposits | |
| gypsum deposits | |
| SN | Commodity. See List C. |
| anhysteretic remanent magnetization | |
|---|---|
| BT | magnetization |
| .remanent magnetization | |
| ..anhysteretic remanent magnetization | |
| RT | paleomagnetism |
| Aniasian | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Mesozoic | |
| ...Triassic | |
| ....Middle Triassic | |
| .....Aniasian | |
| anilite | |
|---|---|
| BT | sulfides |
| .anilite | |
| animals | |
|---|---|
| SN | As of 1981, no longer a valid term for GeoRef. See biota. Before 1981, used as a general term. |
| Animas Mountains | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .New Mexico | |
| ..Animas Mountains | |
| RT | Hidalgo County New Mexico |
| SN | Hidalgo County in extreme SW New Mexico. |
| animation, computer | |
|---|---|
| USE | computer animation |
| Animikie Group | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Precambrian | |
| ..Animikie Group | |
| RT | Ontario |
| Wisconsin | |
| Minnesota | |
| Biwabik Iron Formation | |
| Gunflint Iron Formation | |
| Michigan | |
| Thomson Formation | |
| Virginia Formation | |
| SN | Includes Pokegama Quartzite, Biwabik Iron Formation Series, and Virginia Formation, N Michigan, NE Minnesota, Ontario, and N Wisconsin. |
| anions | |
|---|---|
| RT | cations |
| electrolytes | |
| geochemistry | |
| ion exchange | |
| ions | |
| Anisian | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Mesozoic | |
| ...Triassic | |
| ....Middle Triassic | |
| .....Anisian | |
| SN | Europe. Above Scythian, below Ladinian. |
| anisotropic materials | |
|---|---|
| RT | anisotropy |
| materials | |
| transverse isotropy | |
| SN | Before 1978, search anisotropic. |
| anisotropy | |
|---|---|
| UF | aeolotropy |
| RT | seismology |
| anisotropic materials | |
| transverse isotropy | |
| magnetic susceptibility | |
| mechanical properties | |
| Anjou | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Western Europe | |
| ..France | |
| ...Anjou | |
| SN | Old province in W France. |
| Anjouan Island | |
|---|---|
| BT | Indian Ocean Islands |
| .Comoro Islands | |
| ..Anjouan Island | |
| UF | Johanna Island |
| SN | One of the French Comoro Islands in the Mozambique Channel. |
| Ankara Turkey | |
|---|---|
| BT | Asia |
| .Middle East | |
| ..Turkey | |
| ...Ankara Turkey | |
| UF | Angora Turkey |
| RT | Anatolia |
| SN | Province in W central Anatolia. Also a city formerly called Angora. |
| ankaramite | |
|---|---|
| BT | igneous rocks |
| .volcanic rocks | |
| ..basalts | |
| ...ankaramite | |
| RT | ultramafics |
| ankaratrite | |
|---|---|
| BT | igneous rocks |
| .volcanic rocks | |
| ..basalts | |
| ...alkali basalts | |
| ....ankaratrite | |
| RT | nepheline basalt |
| olivine nephelinite | |
| ankerite | |
|---|---|
| BT | carbonates |
| .ankerite | |
| UF | cleat spar |
| ferroan dolomite | |
| RT | dolomite |
| Ankylosauria | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chordata |
| .Vertebrata | |
| ..Tetrapoda | |
| ...Reptilia | |
| ....Diapsida | |
| .....Archosauria | |
| ......Ornithischia | |
| .......Ankylosauria | |
| SN | This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| Ann Arbor Michigan | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Michigan | |
| ..Michigan Lower Peninsula | |
| ...Washtenaw County Michigan | |
| ....Ann Arbor Michigan | |
| SN | City in SE Michigan. |
| Annaba Algeria | |
|---|---|
| BT | Africa |
| .North Africa | |
| ..Algeria | |
| ...Annaba Algeria | |
| SN | Department on the Mediterranean Sea. Also a city which was formerly called Bone. |
| Annapolis County Nova Scotia | |
|---|---|
| BT | Canada |
| .Eastern Canada | |
| ..Maritime Provinces | |
| ...Nova Scotia | |
| ....Annapolis County Nova Scotia | |
| Annapolis Valley | |
|---|---|
| RT | Nova Scotia |
| SN | River valley in SW Nova Scotia. Also search Annapolis and Canada if applicable. Indexed with Nova Scotia if applicable. |
| Anne Arundel County Maryland | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Maryland | |
| ..Anne Arundel County Maryland | |
| SN | Central Maryland. |
| annealing | |
|---|---|
| RT | alloys |
| deformation | |
| fission-track dating | |
| fission tracks | |
| graphitization | |
| metal ores | |
| metallurgy | |
| thermochronology | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| Annecy France | |
|---|---|
| BT | ute-Savoie France |
| .Annecy France | |
| SN | Town S of Lake Geneva in W Haute-Savoie. |
| Annelida | |
|---|---|
| BT | Invertebrata |
| .Vermes | |
| ..Annelida | |
| NT | Chaetopoda |
| RT | scolecodonts |
| SN | Before 1981, Chaetopoda, Polychaetia, Myzostomia, Oligochaetia and Serpulidae were indexed under this term. |
| annite | |
|---|---|
| BT | silicates |
| .sheet silicates | |
| ..mica group | |
| ...annite | |
| Annonaceae | |
|---|---|
| BT | Plantae |
| .Spermatophyta | |
| ..Angiospermae | |
| ...Dicotyledoneae | |
| ....Annonaceae | |
| SN | Family. |
| Annot Sandstone | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Cenozoic | |
| ...Paleogene | |
| ....Eocene | |
| .....Annot Sandstone | |
| RT | France |
| SN | Priabonian (Bartonian). In the Alps of SE France. |
| annual growth rings | |
|---|---|
| USE | tree rings |
| annual meeting | |
|---|---|
| SN | As of 1981, no longer a valid term for GeoRef. See symposia. |
| annual report | |
|---|---|
| BT | report |
| .annual report | |
| RT | associations |
| current research | |
| industry | |
| progress report | |
| survey organizations | |
| symposia | |
| annual variations | |
|---|---|
| RT | magnetic field |
| seasonal variations | |
| secular variations | |
| variations | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1985. |
| annually thawed layer | |
|---|---|
| USE | active layer |
| Anoka County Minnesota | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Minnesota | |
| ..Anoka County Minnesota | |
| SN | E Minnesota. |
| Anomalinidae | |
|---|---|
| BT | Invertebrata |
| .Protista | |
| ..Foraminifera | |
| ...Rotaliina | |
| ....Cassidulinacea | |
| .....Anomalinidae | |
| NT | Cibicidoides |
| RT | microfossils |
| SN | Family. Indexed with microfossils if applicable. |
| anorogenic granites | |
|---|---|
| USE | A-type granites |
| anorthite | |
|---|---|
| BT | silicates |
| .framework silicates | |
| ..feldspar group | |
| ...plagioclase | |
| ....anorthite | |
| RT | andesine |
| anorthoclase | |
|---|---|
| BT | silicates |
| .framework silicates | |
| ..feldspar group | |
| ...alkali feldspar | |
| ....anorthoclase | |
| RT | orthoclase |
| anorthosite | |
|---|---|
| BT | igneous rocks |
| .plutonic rocks | |
| ..gabbros | |
| ...anorthosite | |
| UF | plagioclasite |
| RT | gabbroic anorthosite |
| meta-anorthosite | |
| anorthositic gabbro | |
|---|---|
| BT | igneous rocks |
| .plutonic rocks | |
| ..gabbros | |
| ...anorthositic gabbro | |
| ANOVA | |
|---|---|
| USE | variance analysis |
| anoxic environment | |
|---|---|
| USE | anaerobic environment |
| Ansbach Germany | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Central Europe | |
| ..Germany | |
| ...Bavaria Germany | |
| ....Ansbach Germany | |
| SN | City in W Bavaria. |
| Anseriformes | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chordata |
| .Vertebrata | |
| ..Tetrapoda | |
| ...Aves | |
| ....Neornithes | |
| .....Anseriformes | |
| SN | Order. |
| Anshan China | |
|---|---|
| BT | Asia |
| .Far East | |
| ..China | |
| ...Liaoning China | |
| ....Anshan China | |
| SN | Independent municipality located in Liaoning, NE China. |
| Anshan Group | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Precambrian | |
| ..Anshan Group | |
| RT | China |
| Liaoning China | |
| Jilin China | |
| Shandong China | |
| SN | NE China. Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| Anson County North Carolina | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .North Carolina | |
| ..Anson County North Carolina | |
| Antalya Complex | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Mesozoic | |
| ...Antalya Complex | |
| RT | Turkey |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| Antalya Turkey | |
|---|---|
| BT | Asia |
| .Middle East | |
| ..Turkey | |
| ...Antalya Turkey | |
| UF | Adalia Turkey |
| RT | Anatolia |
| Taurus Mountains | |
| SN | Province in S Anatolia on Gulf of Adalia. Also a city formerly called Adalia. |
| Antananarivo Madagascar | |
|---|---|
| BT | Africa |
| .Madagascar | |
| ..Antananarivo Madagascar | |
| UF | Tananarive Madagascar |
| SN | City on the Indian Ocean in E Madagascar. This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| Antarctic Bottom Water | |
|---|---|
| UF | AABW |
| RT | Indian Ocean |
| South Atlantic | |
| Antarctic Ocean | |
| Atlantic Ocean | |
| bottom water | |
| Brazil Basin | |
| DSDP Site 515 | |
| ocean circulation | |
| Pacific Ocean | |
| South Pacific | |
| Vema Channel | |
| SN | Cold, deep water mass. Circulates counterclockwise (westward) at the foot of the Antarctic continental shelf. Indexed with specific ocean terms as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1985. |
| Antarctic Continent | |
|---|---|
| USE | Antarctica |
| Antarctic ice sheet | |
|---|---|
| BT | Antarctica |
| .Antarctic ice sheet | |
| RT | Elephant Moraine |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1993. |
| Antarctic meteorites | |
|---|---|
| SN | As of 1993, use Antarctica AND meteorites. |
| Antarctic Ocean | |
|---|---|
| NT | Bellingshausen Sea |
| Bransfield Strait | |
| McMurdo Sound | |
| Mid-Antarctic Ridge | |
| Prydz Bay | |
| Ross Sea | |
| Weddell Sea | |
| RT | Antarctic Bottom Water |
| Antarctica | |
| Atlantic Ocean | |
| Drake Passage | |
| DSDP Site 266 | |
| DSDP Site 267 | |
| DSDP Site 269 | |
| DSDP Site 322 | |
| DSDP Site 323 | |
| DSDP Site 324 | |
| DSDP Site 325 | |
| Eltanin fracture zone | |
| Indian Ocean | |
| Kerguelen Plateau | |
| Leg 114 | |
| Leg 119 | |
| Leg 120 | |
| Leg 28 | |
| Leg 29 | |
| Leg | |
| SN | The equivalent of Southern Ocean. Waters about Antarctica are sometimes called the Antarctic Ocean, but actually are only parts of the Atlantic Ocean, Pacific Ocean and Indian Ocean south of approximately 55#DG S. Also search Antarctic; Southern Ocean. Be |
| Antarctic Peninsula | |
|---|---|
| BT | Antarctica |
| .Antarctic Peninsula | |
| UF | Palmer Peninsula |
| RT | Marguerite Bay |
| SN | Peninsula jutting northward toward Cape Horn. |
| Antarctic Plate | |
|---|---|
| RT | Antarctica |
| Australian-Antarctic discordance | |
| Chile Margin Triple Junction | |
| plate tectonics | |
| plates | |
| SN | Indexed with geographic area and/or age as applicable. |
| Antarctic Platform | |
|---|---|
| BT | Antarctica |
| .Antarctic Platform | |
| SN | Central area which constitutes a high plateau. Also search Antarctic. |
| Antarctic Polar Cap | |
|---|---|
| BT | Antarctica |
| .Antarctic Polar Cap | |
| RT | polar caps |
| South Pole | |
| SN | Before 1981, also search Antarctica AND Polar Cap. Added to Thesaurus in 1981. |
| Antarctic region | |
|---|---|
| SN | Not a valid GeoRef index term after 1971. Used in subfile G. Now use Antarctica or Antarctic Ocean as applicable. |
| Antelope County Nebraska | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Nebraska | |
| ..Antelope County Nebraska | |
| Antelope Va |
|---|
| Antelope Valley | |
|---|---|
| RT | California |
| Mojave Desert | |
| Nevada | |
| SN | W Mojave Desert, N of Los Angeles. Also in other locations. Indexed with counties and Mojave Desert as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1981. |
| Antelope Valley Limestone | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Paleozoic | |
| ...Ordovician | |
| ....Antelope Valley Limestone | |
| RT | Nevada |
| Pogonip Group | |
| SN | Lower and Middle Ordovician. In Pogonip Group. Central Nevada. |
| anthophyllite | |
|---|---|
| BT | silicates |
| .chain silicates | |
| ..amphibole group | |
| ...orthoamphibole | |
| ....anthophyllite | |
| RT | asbestos |
| amosite | |
| gedrite | |
| cummingtonite | |
| Anthozoa | |
|---|---|
| BT | Invertebrata |
| .Coelenterata | |
| ..Anthozoa | |
| NT | Ceriantipatharia |
| Octocorallia | |
| Zoantharia | |
| RT | spicules |
| anthracene | |
|---|---|
| BT | organic compounds |
| .hydrocarbons | |
| ..aromatic hydrocarbons | |
| ...polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons | |
| ....anthracene | |
| RT | hydrophobic materials |
| pollutants | |
| anthracite | |
|---|---|
| BT | sedimentary rocks |
| .coal | |
| ..anthracite | |
| RT | lignite |
| Anthraconaia | |
|---|---|
| BT | Invertebrata |
| .Mollusca | |
| ..Bivalvia | |
| ...Pteriina | |
| ....Anthraconaia | |
| SN | Genus. |
| Anthraconauta | |
|---|---|
| BT | Invertebrata |
| .Mollusca | |
| ..Bivalvia | |
| ...Pteriina | |
| ....Anthraconauta | |
| SN | Genus. |
| Anthracosauria | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chordata |
| .Vertebrata | |
| ..Tetrapoda | |
| ...Amphibia | |
| ....Labyrinthodontia | |
| .....Anthracosauria | |
| SN | Order. |
| anthraxolite | |
|---|---|
| BT | bitumens |
| .anthraxolite | |
| RT | organic compounds |
| coal | |
| oil shale | |
| SN | A hard, black asphaltite often associated with oil shale. |
| anthropogenic (activity) | |
|---|---|
| USE | human activity |
| anthropology | |
|---|---|
| RT | fossil man |
| paleoindian | |
| Anti-Atlas | |
|---|---|
| BT | Africa |
| .North Africa | |
| ..Atlas Mountains | |
| ...Moroccan Atlas Mountains | |
| ....Anti-Atlas | |
| UF | Anti-Atlas Mountains |
| SN | Range of the Atlas Mountains SW of High Atlas Mountains in SW Morocco. This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| Anti-Atlas Mountains | |
|---|---|
| USE | Anti-Atlas |
| Antibes France | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Western Europe | |
| ..France | |
| ...Alpes-Maritimes France | |
| ....Antibes France | |
| SN | Town on the Mediterranean Sea in extreme SE France. |
| anticlinal | |
|---|---|
| SN | A valid term through 1977. After 1977, use anticlines. |
| anticlines | |
|---|---|
| BT | folds |
| .anticlines | |
| RT | arches |
| anticlinoria | |
| antiform folds | |
| diapirs | |
| domes | |
| geanticlines | |
| synclines | |
| upright folds | |
| SN | Not a valid index term from 1971-1977. Before 1978, also search folds AND anticlinal. |
| anticlinoria | |
|---|---|
| BT | folds |
| .anticlinoria | |
| RT | geosynclines |
| anticlines | |
| antiform folds | |
| geanticlines | |
| upright folds | |
| synclinoria | |
| systems | |
| Anticosti Island | |
|---|---|
| BT | Canada |
| .Eastern Canada | |
| ..Quebec | |
| ...Anticosti Island | |
| RT | Ellis Bay Formation |
| Gulf of Saint Lawrence | |
| SN | In Gulf of Saint Lawrence. |
| antidunes | |
|---|---|
| BT | sedimentary structures |
| .bedding plane irregularities | |
| ..antidunes | |
| RT | dunes |
| flame structures | |
| sand waves | |
| Antietam Formation | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Paleozoic | |
| ...Cambrian | |
| ....Lower Cambrian | |
| .....Antietam Formation | |
| RT | Virginia |
| Pennsylvania | |
| Maryland | |
| West Virginia | |
| Chilhowee Group | |
| SN | In Chilhowee Group. Maryland, SE Pennsylvania, Virginia, West Virginia. |
| antiform folds | |
|---|---|
| BT | folds |
| .antiform folds | |
| RT | anticlines |
| anticlinoria | |
| upright folds | |
| synform folds | |
| SN | Before 1978, also search folds AND antiform. |
| Antigonish County Nova Scotia | |
|---|---|
| BT | Canada |
| .Eastern Canada | |
| ..Maritime Provinces | |
| ...Nova Scotia | |
| ....Antigonish County Nova Scotia | |
| NT | Antigonish Nova Scotia |
| SN | N Nova Scotia. |
| Antigonish Nova Scotia | |
|---|---|
| BT | Canada |
| .Eastern Canada | |
| ..Maritime Provinces | |
| ...Nova Scotia | |
| ....Antigonish County Nova Scotia | |
| .....Antigonish Nova Scotia | |
| SN | Town in Antigonish County, NE Nova Scotia. |
| antigorite | |
|---|---|
| BT | silicates |
| .sheet silicates | |
| ..serpentine group | |
| ...antigorite | |
| Antilles | |
|---|---|
| BT | Caribbean region |
| .West Indies | |
| ..Antilles | |
| NT | Greater Antilles |
| Lesser Antilles | |
| RT | Caribbean Mountain Range |
| SN | Indexed with Greater Antilles and/or Lesser Antilles if applicable. |
| antimonates | |
|---|---|
| RT | minerals |
| SN | Before 1981, search antimonates and antimonites. |
| antimonates and antimonites | |
|---|---|
| SN | As of 1981, no longer a valid term for GeoRef. Use antimonates or antimonites as applicable. |
| antimonides | |
|---|---|
| NT | dyscrasite |
| RT | minerals |
| antimonite | |
|---|---|
| USE | stibnite |
| antimonites | |
|---|---|
| RT | minerals |
| SN | Before 1981, search antimonates and antimonites. |
| antimony | |
|---|---|
| BT | metals |
| .antimony | |
| UF | Sb |
| stibium | |
| RT | native elements |
| antimony ores | |
| SN | Chemical element. Use antimony ores for antimony as a commodity. |
| antimony ores | |
|---|---|
| BT | metal ores |
| .antimony ores | |
| RT | native elements |
| antimony | |
| Dachang Deposit | |
| stibnite | |
| SN | Commodity. See List C. |
| Antioquia Colombia | |
|---|---|
| BT | South America |
| .Colombia | |
| ..Antioquia Colombia | |
| SN | Department including the city in NW Colombia. |
| antiperthite | |
|---|---|
| BT | silicates |
| .framework silicates | |
| ..feldspar group | |
| ...alkali feldspar | |
| ....antiperthite | |
| RT | perthite |
| antitrust legislation | |
|---|---|
| RT | economics |
| legislation | |
| SN | Usually out-of-scope for GeoRef. Added to Thesaurus in 1981. |
| Antler orogenic belt | |
|---|---|
| USE | Antler Orogeny |
| Antler Orogeny | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Paleozoic | |
| ...Antler Orogeny | |
| UF | Antler orogenic belt |
| RT | Devonian |
| Mississippian | |
| orogeny | |
| Acadian Phase | |
| tectonics | |
| Nevada | |
| Great Basin | |
| SN | An orogeny which extensively deformed Paleozoic rocks of the Great Basin in Nevada. Named for relations in the Antler Peak Quadrangle near Battle Mountain. Before 1978, also search Antler. Indexed with ages as applicable. |
| antlers | |
|---|---|
| USE | horns |
| Antlers Sands | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Mesozoic | |
| ...Cretaceous | |
| ....Lower Cretaceous | |
| .....Antlers Sands | |
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Mesozoic | |
| ...Cretaceous | |
| ....Comanchean | |
| .....Antlers Sands | |
| RT | Oklahoma |
| Texas | |
| Trinity Group | |
| SN | In Trinity Group. SW Oklahoma and NE Texas. This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| Antofagasta Chile | |
|---|---|
| BT | South America |
| .Chile | |
| ..Antofagasta Chile | |
| NT | Chuquicamata Chile |
| Lascar | |
| Socompa | |
| RT | Antofagasta earthquake 1995 |
| Atacama Desert | |
| SN | Province including the seaport in N Chile. |
| Antofagasta earthquake 1995 | |
|---|---|
| BT | earthquakes |
| .Antofagasta earthquake 1995 | |
| UF | Chile earthquake 1995 |
| RT | Chile |
| Antofagasta Chile | |
| SN | Epicenter in N Chile, Mejillones Peninsula region. |
| Antong Java Rise | |
|---|---|
| USE | Ontong Java Plateau |
| Antrim County Michigan | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Michigan | |
| ..Michigan Lower Peninsula | |
| ...Antrim County Michigan | |
| Antrim Northern Ireland | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Western Europe | |
| ..United Kingdom | |
| ...Northern Ireland | |
| ....Antrim Northern Ireland | |
| RT | Giant's Causeway |
| SN | Traditional county in NE North Ireland. Also a town in S central Antrim County. Includes the smaller administrative region of the same name adopted after 1973. |
| Antrim Shale | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Paleozoic | |
| ...upper Paleozoic | |
| ....Antrim Shale | |
| RT | Upper Devonian |
| Michigan | |
| Lower Mississippian | |
| SN | Upper Devonian and Lower Mississippian. Indexed with ages as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1985. |
| Antwerp Belgium | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Western Europe | |
| ..Belgium | |
| ...Antwerp Belgium | |
| NT | Malines Belgium |
| SN | Province in N Belgium including the city at the mouth of the Western Scheldt River. |
| Anura | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chordata |
| .Vertebrata | |
| ..Tetrapoda | |
| ...Amphibia | |
| ....Lissamphibia | |
| .....Anura | |
| SN | Order. |
| Anvers Island | |
|---|---|
| BT | Antarctica |
| .Anvers Island | |
| RT | Arthur Harbor |
| SN | Just off NW coast of the Antarctic Peninsula. |
| anvil cells | |
|---|---|
| UF | diamond anvil cells |
| RT | instruments |
| geophysics | |
| high pressure | |
| methods | |
| phase equilibria | |
| phase transitions | |
| SN | High pressure experimental instrument. Use for the instrument or methods. Added to Thesaurus in 1995. |
| Anvil Points Mine | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Colorado | |
| ..Garfield County Colorado | |
| ...Anvil Points Mine | |
| RT | mines |
| oil shale | |
| SN | NW Colorado. |
| ANWR | |
|---|---|
| USE | Arctic National Wildlife Refuge |
| Anza Desert State Park | |
|---|---|
| USE | Anza-Borrego Desert State Park |
| Anza-Borrego Desert State Park | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .California | |
| ..Anza-Borrego Desert State Park | |
| UF | Anza Desert State Park |
| RT | Imperial County California |
| Riverside County California | |
| San Diego County California | |
| SN | Mainly in E San Diego County with small parts in Riverside and Imperial counties, S California. Also search Anza Desert or Anza-Borrego Desert. Indexed with counties as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1995. |
| Anzoategui Venezuela | |
|---|---|
| BT | South America |
| .Venezuela | |
| ..Anzoategui Venezuela | |
| NT | Oficina |
| RT | Orinoco River |
| SN | State in N extending from the Caribbean Sea to the Orinoco River. |
| Aomori Japan | |
|---|---|
| BT | nshu |
| .Aomori Japan | |
| NT | Hachinohe Japan |
| Iwaki | |
| Shimokita Peninsula | |
| RT | Tohoku |
| SN | City and prefecture in N Honshu. |
| Aosta Valley Italy | |
|---|---|
| USE | Valle d'Aosta Italy |
| Aouelloul | |
|---|---|
| BT | Africa |
| .West Africa | |
| ..Mauritania | |
| ...Aouelloul | |
| UF | Aouelloul Crater |
| RT | impact features |
| SN | A meteor crater near Chinguetti in W central Mauritania. |
| Aouelloul Crater | |
|---|---|
| USE | Aouelloul |
| Apache County Arizona | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Arizona | |
| ..Apache County Arizona | |
| RT | Black Mesa |
| Petrified Forest National Park | |
| Rio Puerco | |
| SN | NE Arizona. |
| Apache Group | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Precambrian | |
| ..Proterozoic | |
| ...Mesoproterozoic | |
| ....Apache Group | |
| RT | Arizona |
| SN | Central Arizona. Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| Apache Leap Tuff | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Cenozoic | |
| ...Tertiary | |
| ....Apache Leap Tuff | |
| RT | Oligocene |
| Miocene | |
| Arizona | |
| Yucca Mountain | |
| SN | Central Arizona. Indexed with Miocene and/or Oligocene as applicable. |
| Apalachicola Bay | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Florida | |
| ..Franklin County Florida | |
| ...Apalachicola Bay | |
| RT | Gulf of Mexico |
| Apalachicola Florida | |
| Saint George Island | |
| SN | Sliver of the Gulf of Mexico located between Saint George Island and mainland border of NW Florida. Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| Apalachicola Florida | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Florida | |
| ..Franklin County Florida | |
| ...Apalachicola Florida | |
| RT | Apalachicola Bay |
| Apalachicola River | |
| SN | City at mouth of Apalachicola River on Apalachicola Bay in the panhandle of NW Florida. |
| Apalachicola River | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Florida | |
| ..Apalachicola River | |
| RT | Apalachicola Florida |
| SN | Florida Panhandle. Flows from Lake Seminole S to Apalachicola Bay, Gulf of Mexico. Added to Thesaurus in 1985. |
| apatite | |
|---|---|
| BT | phosphates |
| .apatite | |
| RT | heavy minerals |
| carbonate apatite | |
| chlorapatite | |
| fluorapatite | |
| francolite | |
| hydroxylapatite | |
| phosphate deposits | |
| pyromorphite | |
| apatite ores | |
|---|---|
| USE | phosphate deposits |
| Apennine Front | |
|---|---|
| RT | Apennines |
| Italy | |
| Moon | |
| SN | Linear outer slopes of the Apennines in Italy. Also search Apennine AND front. Also used for feature on the Moon. Indexed with Italy and Apennines; or Moon as applicable. |
| Apennine Mountains | |
|---|---|
| USE | Apennines |
| Apennine Range | |
|---|---|
| USE | Apennines |
| Apennines | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Southern Europe | |
| ..Italy | |
| ...Apennines | |
| NT | Alban Hills |
| Apuane Alps | |
| Ligurian Apennines | |
| Monte Amiata | |
| Northern Apennines | |
| Southern Apennines | |
| UF | Apennine Mountains |
| Apennine Range | |
| RT | Apennine Front |
| San Marino | |
| Scaglia Formation | |
| Sila Massif | |
| Vulture Mountain | |
| SN | Mountain range extending the full length of the Italian peninsula. Also index San Marino if appropriate. |
| aphanitic texture | |
|---|---|
| BT | textures |
| .aphanitic texture | |
| RT | igneous rocks |
| fine-grained materials | |
| SN | Before 1978, search aphanitic. |
| Aphebian | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Precambrian | |
| ..Proterozoic | |
| ...Paleoproterozoic | |
| ....Aphebian | |
| NT | Hurwitz Group |
| RT | Martin Formation |
| middle Precambrian | |
| SN | North America, Paleoproterozoic. |
| Aphrodite Terra | |
|---|---|
| BT | Venus |
| .Aphrodite Terra | |
| NT | Atla Regio |
| Ovda Regio | |
| Thetis Regio | |
| RT | Pioneer Program |
| SN | Physiographic province on Venus. Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| Aplacophora | |
|---|---|
| BT | Invertebrata |
| .Mollusca | |
| ..Aplacophora | |
| aplite | |
|---|---|
| BT | igneous rocks |
| .plutonic rocks | |
| ..granites | |
| ...aplite | |
| apogranite | |
|---|---|
| BT | igneous rocks |
| .plutonic rocks | |
| ..granites | |
| ...apogranite | |
| Apollo | |
|---|---|
| SN | As of 1981, use Apollo Program. |
| Apollo 11 | |
|---|---|
| BT | Apollo Program |
| .Apollo 11 | |
| RT | Moon |
| remote sensing | |
| Apollo 12 | |
|---|---|
| BT | Apollo Program |
| .Apollo 12 | |
| RT | Moon |
| remote sensing | |
| Apollo 13 | |
|---|---|
| BT | Apollo Program |
| .Apollo 13 | |
| RT | remote sensing |
| Apollo 14 | |
|---|---|
| BT | Apollo Program |
| .Apollo 14 | |
| RT | Moon |
| remote sensing | |
| Apollo 15 | |
|---|---|
| BT | Apollo Program |
| .Apollo 15 | |
| RT | Moon |
| remote sensing | |
| Apollo 16 | |
|---|---|
| BT | Apollo Program |
| .Apollo 16 | |
| RT | Moon |
| remote sensing | |
| Apollo 17 | |
|---|---|
| BT | Apollo Program |
| .Apollo 17 | |
| RT | Moon |
| remote sensing | |
| Aristarchus | |
| Apollo 8 | |
|---|---|
| BT | Apollo Program |
| .Apollo 8 | |
| RT | Moon |
| remote sensing | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| Apollo 9 | |
|---|---|
| BT | Apollo Program |
| .Apollo 9 | |
| RT | Moon |
| remote sensing | |
| Apollo Program | |
|---|---|
| NT | Apollo 11 |
| Apollo 12 | |
| Apollo 13 | |
| Apollo 14 | |
| Apollo 15 | |
| Apollo 16 | |
| Apollo 17 | |
| Apollo 8 | |
| Apollo 9 | |
| RT | extraterrestrial geology |
| landing sites | |
| Moon | |
| planetology | |
| remote sensing | |
| SN | Before 1981, search Apollo. Added to Thesaurus in 1981. |
| Apollo-Soyuz Program | |
|---|---|
| RT | extraterrestrial geology |
| planetology | |
| remote sensing | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1981. |
| apophyllite | |
|---|---|
| BT | silicates |
| .sheet silicates | |
| ..apophyllite | |
| Appalachian Basin | |
|---|---|
| BT | North America |
| .Appalachian Basin | |
| RT | Ontario |
| Quebec | |
| Virginia | |
| Kentucky | |
| Ohio | |
| Pennsylvania | |
| New York | |
| Alabama | |
| North Carolina | |
| Maryland | |
| West Virginia | |
| Tennessee | |
| Eastern Gas Shales Project | |
| Rome Trough | |
| SN | Indexed with states or provinces as applicable. |
| Appalachian Mountains | |
|---|---|
| USE | Appalachians |
| Appalachian Orogeny | |
|---|---|
| USE | Appalachian Phase |
| Appalachian Phase | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Paleozoic | |
| ...Permian | |
| ....Appalachian Phase | |
| UF | Appalachian Orogeny |
| Appalachian structure | |
| RT | orogeny |
| Appalachians | |
| tectonics | |
| SN | Before 1978, also search orogeny AND Appalachian. |
| Appalachian Plateau | |
|---|---|
| BT | North America |
| .Appalachians | |
| ..Appalachian Plateau | |
| RT | Virginia |
| Kentucky | |
| Ohio | |
| Pennsylvania | |
| New York | |
| Alabama | |
| Maryland | |
| Allegheny Mountains | |
| West Virginia | |
| Allegheny Plateau | |
| Tennessee | |
| Catskill Mountains | |
| Cumberland Plateau | |
| Mohawk Valley | |
| Pine Mountain Window | |
| SN | Westernmost part of the Appalachians including the Allegheny and Cumberland plateaus. Also search Appalachian AND plateau. Indexed with states as applicable. |
| Appalachian region | |
|---|---|
| USE | Appalachians |
| Appalachian structure | |
|---|---|
| USE | Appalachian Phase |
| Appalachians | |
|---|---|
| BT | North America |
| .Appalachians | |
| NT | Allegheny Mountains |
| Appalachian Plateau | |
| Blue Ridge Mountains | |
| Blue Ridge Province | |
| Carolina slate belt | |
| Catskill Mountains | |
| Central Appalachians | |
| Cumberland Plateau | |
| Great Appalachian Valley | |
| Hudson Highlands | |
| Northern Appalachians | |
| Piedmont | |
| Shawangunk Mountains | |
| Southern Appalachians | |
| Valley and Ridge Province | |
| UF | Appalachian Mountains |
| Appalachian region | |
| RT | Canada |
| Acadian Phase | |
| Adirondack Mountains | |
| Brevard Zone | |
| Alleghany Orogeny | |
| Allegheny Plateau | |
| Eastern Gas Shales Project | |
| Appalachian Phase | |
| Avalon Zone | |
| Berkshire Hills | |
| Chain Lakes Massif | |
| Charlotte Belt | |
| Dunnage Zone | |
| Eastern Overthrust Belt | |
| Fall Line | |
| Great Smok | |
| SN | Mountain system of eastern North America extending from Canadian Maritime Provinces to Alabama. Indexed with countries as applicable. |
| Appanoose County Iowa | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Iowa | |
| ..Appanoose County Iowa | |
| apparatus | |
|---|---|
| RT | Conodonta |
| SN | Use for Conodonta. Do not use for instruments. Before 1971, was used for instruments. |
| apparent polar wandering | |
|---|---|
| RT | continental drift |
| paleolatitude | |
| paleomagnetism | |
| plate tectonics | |
| polar wandering | |
| pole positions | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| apparent resistivity | |
|---|---|
| RT | conductivity |
| electrical logging | |
| electrical methods | |
| geophysical methods | |
| geophysical surveys | |
| resistivity | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| appinite | |
|---|---|
| BT | igneous rocks |
| .plutonic rocks | |
| ..appinite | |
| RT | syenites |
| diorites | |
| SN | Indexed with diorites and/or syenites as applicable. |
| applications | |
|---|---|
| RT | methods |
| Applied Geophysics (category) | |
|---|---|
| SN | Applied geophysics, GeoRef category code 20, is one of thirty categories used to classify documents in GeoRef. Each reference in GeoRef is assigned one or more categories. Categories can be used, in addition to Terms, to refine searches (See List A.). |
| Appling County Georgia | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Georgia | |
| ..Appling County Georgia | |
| Appomattox County Virginia | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Virginia | |
| ..Appomattox County Virginia | |
| Apsheron Peninsula | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Azerbaijan | |
| ..Apsheron Peninsula | |
| RT | Peschanyy |
| Surakhany Azerbaijan | |
| SN | Peninsula jutting into the Caspian Sea on E. Also search Apsheron. This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| Apt France | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Western Europe | |
| ..France | |
| ...Vaucluse France | |
| ....Apt France | |
| SN | Town in SE France. |
| Aptian | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Mesozoic | |
| ...Cretaceous | |
| ....Lower Cretaceous | |
| .....Aptian | |
| NT | Shuaiba Formation |
| RT | Areado Formation |
| Gargasian | |
| Zubair Formation | |
| SN | Europe. Above Barremian below Albian. |
| aptychi | |
|---|---|
| UF | aptychus |
| RT | Ammonites |
| aptychus | |
|---|---|
| USE | aptychi |
| Apuane Alps | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Southern Europe | |
| ..Italy | |
| ...Tuscany Italy | |
| ....Apuane Alps | |
| BT | Europe |
| .Southern Europe | |
| ..Italy | |
| ...Apennines | |
| ....Apuane Alps | |
| SN | Division of Etruscan Apennines in central Italy. This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| Apulia Italy | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Southern Europe | |
| ..Italy | |
| ...Apulia Italy | |
| NT | Bari Italy |
| Brindisi Italy | |
| Foggia Italy | |
| Gargano | |
| Lecce Italy | |
| Murge | |
| Otranto Italy | |
| Salentina Peninsula | |
| Taranto Italy | |
| UF | Puglia Italy |
| RT | Adriatic Plate |
| SN | Autonomous region comprising approximately the southern third of east coast. |
| Apulian Plate | |
|---|---|
| USE | Adriatic Plate |
| Apure Guarico Plain | |
|---|---|
| BT | South America |
| .Venezuela | |
| ..Apure Guarico Plain | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1981. |
| Apuseni Mountains | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Southern Europe | |
| ..Romania | |
| ...Apuseni Mountains | |
| RT | Muntii Metalici |
| Padurea Craiului Mountains | |
| SN | A large mountain massif in WSW Transylvania. Also search Apuseni. |
| aquamarine | |
|---|---|
| BT | silicates |
| .ring silicates | |
| ..aquamarine | |
| RT | gems |
| beryl | |
| SN | Variety of beryl. |
| aquatic environment | |
|---|---|
| RT | brackish-water environment |
| deep-water environment | |
| depositional environment | |
| ecology | |
| estuarine environment | |
| fluvial environment | |
| fluviolacustrine environment | |
| fresh-water environment | |
| hypersaline environment | |
| lacustrine environment | |
| lagoonal environment | |
| marine en | |
| SN | Used only when a more specific term is not available. Added to Thesaurus in 1985. |
| aqueous | |
|---|---|
| SN | For environment, use aquatic environment or another specific term such as submarine environment or deep-sea environment or deltaic environment for depositional environment analyses in paleoecology. |
| aqueous solutions | |
|---|---|
| RT | geochemistry |
| hydrochemistry | |
| ion chromatography | |
| solution | |
| solutions | |
| solvents | |
| surfactants | |
| water | |
| Aquia Formation | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Cenozoic | |
| ...Paleogene | |
| ....Eocene | |
| .....lower Eocene | |
| ......Aquia Formation | |
| RT | Virginia |
| Maryland | |
| Delaware | |
| SN | In Pamunkey Group. Delaware, Maryland and E Virginia. |
| aquicludes | |
|---|---|
| USE | confining beds |
| aquifer properties | |
|---|---|
| SN | A valid term through 1978. After 1978, see aquifers or specific property, e.g. transmissivity. |
| aquifer vulnerability | |
|---|---|
| UF | vulnerability, aquifer |
| RT | ground water |
| aquifers | |
| conservation | |
| DRASTIC | |
| environmental analysis | |
| preventive measures | |
| protection | |
| risk assessment | |
| water resources | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1995. |
| Aquitaine | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Western Europe | |
| ..France | |
| ...Aquitaine | |
| SN | A region of SW France. |
| Aquitaine Basin | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Western Europe | |
| ..France | |
| ...Aquitaine Basin | |
| SN | Large lowland in SW bounded by Pyrenees on S, Central Massif on N and NE, and Bay of Biscay on W. |
| Aquitanian | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Cenozoic | |
| ...Neogene | |
| ....Miocene | |
| .....Aquitanian | |
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Cenozoic | |
| ...Neogene | |
| ....Miocene | |
| .....lower Miocene | |
| ......Aquitanian | |
| SN | Europe. Above Chattian (Oligocene), below Burdigalian. |
| aquitards | |
|---|---|
| RT | aquifers |
| artesian waters | |
| confined aquifers | |
| confining beds | |
| ground water | |
| leaky aquifers | |
| permeability | |
| seepage | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| Ar | |
|---|---|
| USE | argon |
| ar River basin#Bear River Formation#Bear River Range#Beaver River#Bird Spring Fo |
|---|
| Ar-36 | |
|---|---|
| BT | isotopes |
| .stable isotopes | |
| ..Ar-36 | |
| BT | noble gases |
| .argon | |
| ..Ar-36 | |
| RT | Ar-38/Ar-36 |
| Ar-40/Ar-36 | |
| SN | This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| Ar-36/Ar-38 | |
|---|---|
| USE | Ar-38/Ar-36 |
| Ar-36/Ar-40 | |
|---|---|
| USE | Ar-40/Ar-36 |
| Ar-37 | |
|---|---|
| BT | isotopes |
| .radioactive isotopes | |
| ..Ar-37 | |
| BT | noble gases |
| .argon | |
| ..Ar-37 | |
| SN | Artificial. This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| Ar-38 | |
|---|---|
| BT | isotopes |
| .radioactive isotopes | |
| ..Ar-38 | |
| BT | noble gases |
| .argon | |
| ..Ar-38 | |
| RT | Ar-38/Ar-36 |
| SN | This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| Ar-38/Ar-36 | |
|---|---|
| BT | isotopes |
| .radioactive isotopes | |
| ..Ar-38/Ar-36 | |
| BT | isotopes |
| .stable isotopes | |
| ..Ar-38/Ar-36 | |
| BT | noble gases |
| .argon | |
| ..Ar-38/Ar-36 | |
| UF | Ar-36/Ar-38 |
| RT | isotope ratios |
| Ar-36 | |
| Ar-38 | |
| SN | This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| Ar-39 | |
|---|---|
| BT | isotopes |
| .radioactive isotopes | |
| ..Ar-39 | |
| BT | noble gases |
| .argon | |
| ..Ar-39 | |
| RT | Ar-40/Ar-39 |
| SN | Artificial. This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| Ar-39/Ar-40 | |
|---|---|
| USE | Ar-40/Ar-39 |
| Ar-40 | |
|---|---|
| BT | isotopes |
| .stable isotopes | |
| ..Ar-40 | |
| BT | noble gases |
| .argon | |
| ..Ar-40 | |
| RT | Ar-40/Ar-36 |
| Ar-40/Ar-39 | |
| SN | This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| Ar-40/Ar-36 | |
|---|---|
| BT | isotopes |
| .stable isotopes | |
| ..Ar-40/Ar-36 | |
| BT | noble gases |
| .argon | |
| ..Ar-40/Ar-36 | |
| UF | Ar-36/Ar-40 |
| RT | isotope ratios |
| Ar-36 | |
| Ar-40 | |
| SN | This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| Ar-40/Ar-39 | |
|---|---|
| BT | isotopes |
| .radioactive isotopes | |
| ..Ar-40/Ar-39 | |
| BT | isotopes |
| .stable isotopes | |
| ..Ar-40/Ar-39 | |
| BT | noble gases |
| .argon | |
| ..Ar-40/Ar-39 | |
| UF | Ar-39/Ar-40 |
| RT | isotope ratios |
| Ar-39 | |
| Ar-40 | |
| SN | This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| Ar/Ar | |
|---|---|
| UF | argon-argon |
| RT | absolute age |
| isotope ratios | |
| thermochronology | |
| argon | |
| SN | Isotopic ratio used in age determination. |
| Arab Formation | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Mesozoic | |
| ...Jurassic | |
| ....Upper Jurassic | |
| .....Arab Formation | |
| RT | United Arab Emirates |
| Saudi Arabia | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| Arabia | |
|---|---|
| SN | Not a valid term for GeoRef. See Arabian Peninsula, Saudi Arabia, or Arabia Regio for the Martian feature. |
| Arabia Regio | |
|---|---|
| BT | Mars |
| .Arabia Regio | |
| SN | Albedo feature. |
| Arabian Desert | |
|---|---|
| USE | Eastern Desert |
| Arabian Gulf | |
|---|---|
| USE | Persian Gulf |
| Arabian Peninsula | |
|---|---|
| BT | Asia |
| .Arabian Peninsula | |
| NT | Arabian Shield |
| Bahrain | |
| Kuwait | |
| Oman | |
| Qatar | |
| Saudi Arabia | |
| United Arab Emirates | |
| Yemen | |
| RT | Middle East |
| Red Sea Rift | |
| SN | Between Red Sea on the W; and the Persian Gulf, Gulf of Oman, and Arabian Sea on the E. Indexed with countries as applicable. |
| Arabian Plate | |
|---|---|
| RT | plate tectonics |
| plates | |
| Saudi Arabia | |
| SN | Indexed with geographic area and/or age as applicable. |
| Arabian Ridge | |
|---|---|
| USE | Carlsberg Ridge |
| Arabian Sea | |
|---|---|
| BT | Indian Ocean |
| .Arabian Sea | |
| NT | Gulf of Aden |
| Gulf of Cambay | |
| Gulf of Oman | |
| Indus Fan | |
| Persian Gulf | |
| RT | DSDP Site 219 |
| DSDP Site 220 | |
| DSDP Site 221 | |
| DSDP Site 222 | |
| DSDP Site 223 | |
| DSDP Site 224 | |
| Leg 117 | |
| Leg 23 | |
| ODP Site 720 | |
| ODP Site 721 | |
| ODP Site 722 | |
| ODP Site 723 | |
| ODP Site 724 | |
| ODP Site 725 | |
| ODP Site 726 | |
| ODP Site 727 | |
| ODP Site 728 | |
| ODP Site 729 | |
| ODP Site 730 | |
| ODP Site 731 | |
| SN | Between the Arabian Peninsula on the W and Pakistan and India in the E. |
| Arabian Shield | |
|---|---|
| BT | Asia |
| .Arabian Peninsula | |
| ..Arabian Shield | |
| RT | Yemen |
| Saudi Arabia | |
| SN | NE part of the Ethiopian Shield. Indexed with countries as applicable. |
| Arabian-Indian Midoceanic Ridge | |
|---|---|
| USE | Carlsberg Ridge |
| Arabian-Indian Ridge | |
|---|---|
| USE | Carlsberg Ridge |
| Arabian-Nubian Shield | |
|---|---|
| SN | Not a valid term for GeoRef. Use Arabian Shield or Nubian Shield or both as applicable. |
| Arabic | |
|---|---|
| RT | catalogs |
| dictionaries | |
| glossaries | |
| lexicons | |
| SN | Used for studies about the language. |
| Aracaju Brazil | |
|---|---|
| BT | South America |
| .Brazil | |
| ..Sergipe Brazil | |
| ...Aracaju Brazil | |
| SN | City on the Atlantic Ocean in NE Brazil. |
| Aracena Spain | |
|---|---|
| BT | elva Spain |
| .Aracena Spain | |
| SN | Town near the Gulf of Cadiz. |
| Arachnida | |
|---|---|
| BT | Invertebrata |
| .Arthropoda | |
| ..Chelicerata | |
| ...Arachnida | |
| SN | Class. |
| Arad Romania | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Southern Europe | |
| ..Banat | |
| ...Arad Romania | |
| BT | Europe |
| .Southern Europe | |
| ..Romania | |
| ...Arad Romania | |
| SN | City and county near the Hungarian border. This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| Araeoscelidia | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chordata |
| .Vertebrata | |
| ..Tetrapoda | |
| ...Reptilia | |
| ....Diapsida | |
| .....Araeoscelidia | |
| RT | Trilophosauria |
| SN | Order. Before 1993, Trilophosauria was a narrower term. |
| Arafura Sea | |
|---|---|
| BT | Pacific Ocean |
| .South Pacific | |
| ..Southwest Pacific | |
| ...Arafura Sea | |
| RT | Australia |
| Indonesia | |
| McArthur Basin | |
| Torres Strait | |
| SN | Sea between N Australia and Indonesia; 800 miles long by about 350 miles wide. This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| Aragats | |
|---|---|
| RT | Armenia |
| Lesser Caucasus | |
| SN | A mountain in NW Armenia. Indexed with regions and mountains as applicable. |
| Aragon Spain | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Southern Europe | |
| ..Iberian Peninsula | |
| ...Spain | |
| ....Aragon Spain | |
| NT | Huesca Spain |
| Saragossa Spain | |
| Teruel Spain | |
| SN | Region and ancient kingdom in NE Spain. |
| aragonite | |
|---|---|
| BT | carbonates |
| .aragonite | |
| RT | alabaster |
| calcite | |
| calcium carbonate | |
| pearls | |
| witherite | |
| Aragua Venezuela | |
|---|---|
| BT | South America |
| .Venezuela | |
| ..Aragua Venezuela | |
| SN | State in N Venezuela. |
| Aragva River | |
|---|---|
| USE | Aragvi River |
| Aragvi River | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Georgian Republic | |
| ..Aragvi River | |
| UF | Aragva River |
| SN | N central Georgian Republic. |
| Aral region | |
|---|---|
| BT | Commonwealth of Independent States |
| .Aral region | |
| BT | Asia |
| .Central Asia | |
| ..Aral region | |
| UF | Aral Sea region |
| RT | Kazakhstan |
| Uzbekistan | |
| Turkmenia | |
| SN | Before 1978, also search Aral. This term has multiple hierarchies. Indexed with former Soviet republics as applicable. |
| Aral Sea | |
|---|---|
| BT | Commonwealth of Independent States |
| .Aral Sea | |
| BT | Asia |
| .Central Asia | |
| ..Aral Sea | |
| RT | Barsakelmes |
| SN | Between Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan. Also search Aral. This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| Aral Sea region | |
|---|---|
| USE | Aral region |
| Aransas County Texas | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Texas | |
| ..Aransas County Texas | |
| Arapahoe County Colorado | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Colorado | |
| ..Arapahoe County Colorado | |
| SN | S and SE of Denver in N central Colorado. |
| Arapien Shale | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Mesozoic | |
| ...Jurassic | |
| ....Arapien Shale | |
| RT | Utah |
| SN | Central Utah. Added to Thesaurus in 1985. |
| Ararat | |
|---|---|
| RT | Turkey |
| SN | Mountain in Turkey at N39#DG44' E044#DG15' near Iranian and Armenian borders. Also used in Armenia as well as other locations. Search with country name. Indexed with Turkey or location as applicable. |
| Araripe Basin | |
|---|---|
| BT | South America |
| .Brazil | |
| ..Araripe Basin | |
| RT | Ceara Brazil |
| Pernambuco Brazil | |
| SN | NE Brazil. Indexed with states as applicable. |
| Arauco Chile | |
|---|---|
| BT | South America |
| .Chile | |
| ..Arauco Chile | |
| SN | Former province in S central Chile. |
| Arava rift valley | |
|---|---|
| USE | Arava Valley |
| Arava Valley | |
|---|---|
| BT | Asia |
| .Middle East | |
| ..Arava Valley | |
| UF | Arava rift valley |
| RT | Red Sea Rift |
| Israel | |
| Jordan | |
| SN | Part of Red Sea Rift valley extending along the Arava Fault between the Red Sea and the Dead Sea. Also search Arava. Indexed with country as applicable. Index Red Sea Rift if applicable. |
| Aravalli Group | |
|---|---|
| USE | Aravalli System |
| Aravalli Range | |
|---|---|
| BT | Asia |
| .Indian Peninsula | |
| ..India | |
| ...Rajasthan India | |
| ....Aravalli Range | |
| RT | Khetri copper belt |
| SN | Central and S Rajasthan, NW India. |
| Aravalli Supergroup | |
|---|---|
| USE | Aravalli System |
| Aravalli System | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Precambrian | |
| ..Archean | |
| ...Aravalli System | |
| UF | Aravalli Group |
| Aravalli Supergroup | |
| RT | India |
| Rajasthan India | |
| Gujarat India | |
| Andhra Pradesh India | |
| Mattoon Formation | |
| SN | Includes Dabari, Matoon, and Udaipur formations. |
| Araxa Brazil | |
|---|---|
| BT | South America |
| .Brazil | |
| ..Minas Gerais Brazil | |
| ...Araxa Brazil | |
| SN | Town in W Minas Gerais. |
| Araya Peninsula | |
|---|---|
| BT | South America |
| .Venezuela | |
| ..Sucre Venezuela | |
| ...Araya Peninsula | |
| SN | W Sucre. |
| Arbarastakh | |
|---|---|
| BT | Commonwealth of Independent States |
| .Russian Federation | |
| ..Yakutia Russian Federation | |
| ...Arbarastakh | |
| SN | Carbonatite complex in Yakutia. This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| Arbuckle Anticline | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Oklahoma | |
| ..Arbuckle Anticline | |
| RT | Anadarko Basin |
| Arbuckle Mountains | |
| SN | Anadarko Basin, S Oklahoma. Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| Arbuckle Group | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Paleozoic | |
| ...Arbuckle Group | |
| RT | Lower Ordovician |
| Oklahoma | |
| Kindblade Formation | |
| Upper Cambrian | |
| SN | Upper Cambrian and Lower Ordovician. Subdivided into Fort Sill Limestone, Royer Marble, Signal Mountain Limestone, Chapman Ranch Dolomite, Wolf Creek Dolomite, Cool Creek Limestone, Alden Limestone, and West Spring Creek Formation. S Oklahoma. Indexed wit |
| Arbuckle Mountains | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Oklahoma | |
| ..Arbuckle Mountains | |
| RT | Arbuckle Anticline |
| Carter County Oklahoma | |
| Murray County Oklahoma | |
| Wichita Uplift | |
| SN | Carter and Murray counties, S central Oklahoma. |
| ARC/INFO | |
|---|---|
| RT | cartography |
| computer programs | |
| data processing | |
| geographic information systems | |
| information systems | |
| mapping | |
| models | |
| SN | Data model system for processing geographic information. |
| Arcachon Basin | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Western Europe | |
| ..France | |
| ...Gironde France | |
| ....Arcachon Basin | |
| RT | Bay of Biscay |
| SN | Inlet of Bay of Biscay in SW France. |
| arch dams | |
|---|---|
| BT | dams |
| .arch dams | |
| UF | archdams |
| Archaean | |
|---|---|
| USE | Archean |
| Archaediscidae | |
|---|---|
| BT | microfossils |
| .Fusulinina | |
| ..Archaediscidae | |
| SN | Family. This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| Archaeoceti | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chordata |
| .Vertebrata | |
| ..Tetrapoda | |
| ...Mammalia | |
| ....Theria | |
| .....Eutheria | |
| ......Cetacea | |
| .......Archaeoceti | |
| SN | Suborder. |
| Archaeocopida | |
|---|---|
| USE | Archeocopida |
| Archaeocyatha | |
|---|---|
| BT | Invertebrata |
| .Archaeocyatha | |
| Archaeogastropoda | |
|---|---|
| BT | Invertebrata |
| .Mollusca | |
| ..Gastropoda | |
| ...Archaeogastropoda | |
| NT | Bellerophontina |
| Archaeolithothamnium | |
|---|---|
| BT | Plantae |
| .algae | |
| ..Rhodophyta | |
| ...Corallinaceae | |
| ....Archaeolithothamnium | |
| RT | microfossils |
| SN | Indexed with microfossils if applicable. |
| archaeological sites | |
|---|---|
| UF | sites, archaeological |
| RT | archaeology |
| fossil man | |
| artifacts | |
| geologic sites | |
| middens | |
| Archaeomonadaceae | |
|---|---|
| BT | Invertebrata |
| .Protista | |
| ..ebridians | |
| ...Archaeomonadaceae | |
| RT | microfossils |
| SN | Indexed with microfossils if applicable. |
| Archaeopteris | |
|---|---|
| BT | Plantae |
| .Pteridophyta | |
| ..Filicopsida | |
| ...Archaeopteris | |
| SN | Genus. |
| Archaeopteryx | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chordata |
| .Vertebrata | |
| ..Tetrapoda | |
| ...Aves | |
| ....Archaeornithes | |
| .....Archaeopteryx | |
| SN | Genus. |
| Archaeornithes | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chordata |
| .Vertebrata | |
| ..Tetrapoda | |
| ...Aves | |
| ....Archaeornithes | |
| NT | Archaeopteryx |
| RT | Neornithes |
| SN | Subclass. |
| Archaeozoic | |
|---|---|
| USE | Archean |
| Archangel Russian Federation | |
|---|---|
| USE | Arkhangelsk Russian Federation |
| archdams | |
|---|---|
| USE | arch dams |
| Archeocopida | |
|---|---|
| BT | microfossils |
| .Archeocopida | |
| BT | Invertebrata |
| .Arthropoda | |
| ..Mandibulata | |
| ...Crustacea | |
| ....Ostracoda | |
| .....Archeocopida | |
| UF | Archaeocopida |
| SN | Order. This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| archeology | |
|---|---|
| USE | archaeology |
| Archeozoic | |
|---|---|
| USE | Archean |
| Archer County Texas | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Texas | |
| ..Archer County Texas | |
| arches | |
|---|---|
| RT | abutments |
| anticlines | |
| arcuate structures | |
| domes | |
| folds | |
| swells | |
| tectonics | |
| Arches National Park | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Utah | |
| ..Arches National Park | |
| RT | national parks |
| SN | In SE Utah. Before 1981, also search Arches and Utah. Added to Thesaurus in 1981. |
| Archie equation | |
|---|---|
| USE | Archie's law |
| Archie's law | |
|---|---|
| UF | Archie equation |
| RT | petroleum engineering |
| well-logging | |
| equations | |
| mathematical methods | |
| resistivity | |
| formation evaluation | |
| porosity | |
| reservoirs | |
| SN | Equation expressing the relationship between resistivity of the geologic formation, resistivity of water contained within the pores of the rock, porosity of the rock, and amount of pore space occupied by water. Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| Archosauria | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chordata |
| .Vertebrata | |
| ..Tetrapoda | |
| ...Reptilia | |
| ....Diapsida | |
| .....Archosauria | |
| NT | Crocodilia |
| Ornithischia | |
| Pterosauria | |
| Saurischia | |
| Thecodontia | |
| SN | Subclass. Archosauromorpha is considered a broader term. |
| Archostemata | |
|---|---|
| BT | Invertebrata |
| .Arthropoda | |
| ..Mandibulata | |
| ...Insecta | |
| ....Pterygota | |
| .....Neoptera | |
| ......Endopterygota | |
| .......Coleoptera | |
| ........Archostemata | |
| SN | Suborder. |
| Archuleta County Colorado | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Colorado | |
| ..Archuleta County Colorado | |
| SN | On New Mexico border in SW Colorado. |
| Arcina | |
|---|---|
| BT | Invertebrata |
| .Mollusca | |
| ..Bivalvia | |
| ...Arcina | |
| RT | Cyrtodontida |
| arcs | |
|---|---|
| SN | As of 1993, no longer a valid term for GeoRef. Usually out-of-scope. Used with electrical field. See arcuate structures. |
| arcs, island | |
|---|---|
| USE | island arcs |
| Arctic | |
|---|---|
| SN | Not a valid GeoRef index term after 1969. |
| Arctic America | |
|---|---|
| SN | Now use Alaska, Yukon Territory or Northwest Territories as applicable. See also Arctic Archipelago. |
| Arctic Archipelago | |
|---|---|
| BT | Canada |
| .Northwest Territories | |
| ..Franklin District Northwest Territories | |
| ...Arctic Archipelago | |
| UF | Arctic Islands |
| RT | Arctic Coastal Plain |
| Arctic region | |
| Queen Elizabeth Islands | |
| Baffin Island | |
| Banks Island | |
| Bathurst Island | |
| Ellesmere Island | |
| Victoria Island | |
| SN | Large group of islands in the Arctic Ocean nearly coextensive with Franklin District, Northwest Territories, Canada. |
| Arctic Coastal Plain | |
|---|---|
| BT | Arctic region |
| .Arctic Coastal Plain | |
| RT | Russian Federation |
| Greenland | |
| Alaska | |
| Arctic Archipelago | |
| Arctic National Wildlife Refuge | |
| Jan Mayen | |
| North Slope | |
| Northern Alaska | |
| Northwest Territories | |
| Svalbard | |
| SN | Indexed with countries or regions as applicable. |
| arctic environment | |
|---|---|
| RT | climate |
| depositional environment | |
| ecology | |
| marine environment | |
| paleoclimatology | |
| paleoecology | |
| terrestrial environment | |
| SN | Before 1978, also search arctic. |
| Arctic Islands | |
|---|---|
| USE | Arctic Archipelago |
| Arctic National Wildlife Refuge | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Alaska | |
| ..Northern Alaska | |
| ...Arctic National Wildlife Refuge | |
| UF | ANWR |
| RT | Arctic Coastal Plain |
| Arctic region | |
| Sadlerochit Mountains | |
| SN | Arctic Coastal Plain of NE Alaska. Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| Arctic Ocean | |
|---|---|
| NT | Alpha Cordillera |
| Amerasia Basin | |
| Barents Sea | |
| Beaufort Sea | |
| Canada Basin | |
| Chukchi Sea | |
| East Siberian Sea | |
| Eurasia Basin | |
| Fram Strait | |
| Kara Sea | |
| Laptev Sea | |
| Lomonosov Ridge | |
| Makarov Basin | |
| Mendeleyev Ridge | |
| Mid-Arctic Ocean Ridge | |
| Nares Strait | |
| Norwegian Sea | |
| Yermak Plateau | |
| UF | Arctic Sea |
| North Polar Sea | |
| RT | Arctic region |
| CESAR | |
| Jan Mayen | |
| Baffin Bay | |
| Barrow Alaska | |
| Bear Island | |
| Beerenberg | |
| Davis Strait | |
| DSDP Site 268 | |
| DSDP Site 336 | |
| Leg 105 | |
| Leg 151 | |
| North Atlantic Deep Water | |
| ODP Site 645 | |
| ODP Site 646 | |
| ODP Site 647 | |
| ODP Site 909 | |
| ODP Site 910 | |
| ODP Site 911 | |
| ODP Site 912 | |
| Rus | |
| SN | Extends from North Pole southward to approximately 70#DG N and is bounded by Alaska, Canada, Greenland, Norway, and the Russian Federation. Before 1981, Jan Mayen, Svalbard, and Bear Island were included as narrower terms. Before 1970, also search Arctic. |
| Arctic region | |
|---|---|
| NT | Arctic Coastal Plain |
| Greenland | |
| Jan Mayen | |
| North Pole | |
| Russian Arctic | |
| Svalbard | |
| RT | Alaska |
| Arctic Archipelago | |
| Arctic National Wildlife Refuge | |
| Arctic Ocean | |
| Bear Island | |
| Canada | |
| Finland | |
| Hecla Hoek Formation | |
| Iceland | |
| Norway | |
| Novaya Zemlya | |
| polar regions | |
| Queen Elizabeth Islands | |
| Richards Island | |
| subarctic regions | |
| Sweden | |
| Vesteralen | |
| SN | The Arctic Ocean and islands in it and adjacent to it plus mainland surfaces N of the Arctic circle. Before 1970, also search Arctic. Indexed with Alaska, Arctic Archipelago, Arctic Ocean, Greenland, and countries as applicable. |
| Arctic Sea | |
|---|---|
| USE | Arctic Ocean |
| Arctocyonia | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chordata |
| .Vertebrata | |
| ..Tetrapoda | |
| ...Mammalia | |
| ....Theria | |
| .....Eutheria | |
| ......Condylarthra | |
| .......Arctocyonia | |
| arcuate faults | |
|---|---|
| BT | faults |
| .arcuate faults | |
| RT | arcuate structures |
| boundary faults | |
| peripheral faults | |
| SN | Before 1978, also search arcuate AND faults. |
| arcuate structures | |
|---|---|
| RT | arches |
| arcuate faults | |
| coronae | |
| fold and thrust belts | |
| greenstone belts | |
| island arcs | |
| ring structures | |
| SN | General. Use more specific term if applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1993. |
| Ardara Pluton | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Western Europe | |
| ..Ireland | |
| ...Donegal Ireland | |
| ....Ardara Pluton | |
| SN | An igneous intrusion in NW Ireland. |
| Ardeche France | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Western Europe | |
| ..France | |
| ...Ardeche France | |
| NT | Largentiere France |
| Privas France | |
| RT | Cevennes |
| Juvinas Meteorite | |
| Vivarais | |
| SN | Department in S France. |
| Ardennes | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Western Europe | |
| ..Ardennes | |
| UF | Forest of Ardennes |
| RT | Ardennes France |
| Givet France | |
| Hohe Venn | |
| Luxembourg | |
| Luxembourg Belgium | |
| Rhenish Schiefergebirge | |
| Rocroi France | |
| Sedan France | |
| Stavelot Belgium | |
| SN | Wooded plateau region. Indexed with countries as applicable. |
| Ardennes Department France | |
|---|---|
| USE | Ardennes France |
| Ardennes France | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Western Europe | |
| ..France | |
| ...Ardennes France | |
| NT | Givet France |
| Rocroi France | |
| Sedan France | |
| UF | Ardennes Department France |
| RT | Ardennes |
| SN | Department in NE France. Before 1981, also search Ardennes. |
| Ardmore Basin | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Ardmore Basin | |
| RT | Oklahoma |
| Texas | |
| SN | S Oklahoma and N Texas. Indexed with states as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1985. |
| Ardnamurchan | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Western Europe | |
| ..United Kingdom | |
| ...Great Britain | |
| ....Scotland | |
| .....Argyllshire Scotland | |
| ......Ardnamurchan | |
| BT | Europe |
| .Western Europe | |
| ..United Kingdom | |
| ...Great Britain | |
| ....Scotland | |
| .....Highland region Scotland | |
| ......Ardnamurchan | |
| SN | Peninsula and parish in Argyll County, N of Mull Island in W Scotland. This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| arduinite | |
|---|---|
| USE | mordenite |
| Areado Formation | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Mesozoic | |
| ...Cretaceous | |
| ....Lower Cretaceous | |
| .....Areado Formation | |
| RT | Aptian |
| Brazil | |
| Minas Gerais Brazil | |
| areal geology | |
|---|---|
| RT | bibliography |
| expeditions | |
| explanatory text | |
| geology | |
| guidebook | |
| maps | |
| regional | |
| SN | Used for entries that might properly be placed under three or more of the major discipline headings such as geomorphology, stratigraphy, structural geology. |
| Areal Geology (category) | |
|---|---|
| SN | Areal geology, GeoRef category code 13, is one of thirty categories used to classify documents in GeoRef. Each reference in GeoRef is assigned one or more categories. Categories can be used, in addition to Terms, to refine searches (See List A.). |
| areal studies | |
|---|---|
| SN | No longer a valid term for GeoRef. Before 1998, used with clay mineralogy. Used before 1973 as a general term. |
| areas described | |
|---|---|
| SN | Used in subfiles E and N. See areal geology; areal studies. |
| Arecibo Puerto Rico | |
|---|---|
| BT | Caribbean region |
| .West Indies | |
| ..Antilles | |
| ...Greater Antilles | |
| ....Puerto Rico | |
| .....Arecibo Puerto Rico | |
| SN | City in S Puerto Rico on Caribbean Sea. |
| Arecidae | |
|---|---|
| BT | Plantae |
| .Spermatophyta | |
| ..Angiospermae | |
| ...Monocotyledoneae | |
| ....Arecidae | |
| Arenac County Michigan | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Michigan | |
| ..Michigan Lower Peninsula | |
| ...Arenac County Michigan | |
| arenaceous texture | |
|---|---|
| BT | textures |
| .arenaceous texture | |
| UF | arenarious texture |
| psammitic texture | |
| sabulous texture | |
| sandy texture | |
| RT | sedimentary rocks |
| sand | |
| sediments | |
| sandstone | |
| SN | Before 1978, also search arenaceous AND specific sediment type or sedimentary rock. |
| Arenal | |
|---|---|
| BT | Central America |
| .Costa Rica | |
| ..Arenal | |
| RT | volcanoes |
| SN | Volcano in NW Costa Rica. |
| arenarious texture | |
|---|---|
| USE | arenaceous texture |
| Arendal Norway | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Western Europe | |
| ..Scandinavia | |
| ...Norway | |
| ....Arendal Norway | |
| SN | A city on the Skagerrak. |
| arendalite | |
|---|---|
| USE | epidote |
| arenes | |
|---|---|
| USE | aromatic hydrocarbons |
| Arenicolites | |
|---|---|
| BT | ichnofossils |
| .Arenicolites | |
| RT | Vermes |
| burrows | |
| Arenig | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Western Europe | |
| ..United Kingdom | |
| ...Great Britain | |
| ....Wales | |
| .....Merionethshire Wales | |
| ......Arenig | |
| RT | Arenigian |
| SN | Two mountains in N Merionethshire (Gwynedd) in N Wales. One is called Arenig Fach and the other Arenig Fawr. For the age term, see Arenigian. |
| Arenigian | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Paleozoic | |
| ...Ordovician | |
| ....Lower Ordovician | |
| .....Arenigian | |
| NT | Ballantrae Complex |
| RT | Arenig |
| Buchans Group | |
| San Juan Formation | |
| SN | Europe. Above Tremadocian, below Llanvirnian. Before 1978, also search Arenig. |
| arenite | |
|---|---|
| BT | sedimentary rocks |
| .clastic rocks | |
| ..arenite | |
| NT | litharenite |
| quartz arenite | |
| sublitharenite | |
| RT | terrigenous materials |
| Arequipa Peru | |
|---|---|
| BT | South America |
| .Peru | |
| ..Arequipa Peru | |
| SN | Department in S Peru. Also a city. |
| Ares Vallis | |
|---|---|
| BT | Mars |
| .Ares Vallis | |
| RT | Mars Pathfinder Program |
| arfvedsonite | |
|---|---|
| BT | silicates |
| .chain silicates | |
| ..amphibole group | |
| ...clinoamphibole | |
| ....arfvedsonite | |
| Argentera Italy | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Southern Europe | |
| ..Italy | |
| ...Piemonte Italy | |
| ....Argentera Italy | |
| SN | Village in NW Italy. |
| Argentera Massif | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Southern Europe | |
| ..Italy | |
| ...Piemonte Italy | |
| ....Argentera Massif | |
| SN | S Piemonte. |
| Argenteuil County Quebec | |
|---|---|
| BT | Canada |
| .Eastern Canada | |
| ..Quebec | |
| ...Argenteuil County Quebec | |
| Argentiere Glacier | |
|---|---|
| BT | ute-Savoie France |
| .Argentiere Glacier | |
| RT | Mont Blanc |
| Pennine Alps | |
| SN | In the Mont Blanc Massif of the Pennine Alps. |
| Argentine Andes | |
|---|---|
| BT | South America |
| .Andes | |
| ..Argentine Andes | |
| BT | South America |
| .Argentina | |
| ..Argentine Andes | |
| SN | Region in Argentina. This term has multiple hierarchies. Added to Thesaurus in 1981. |
| Argentine Basin | |
|---|---|
| BT | Atlantic Ocean |
| .South Atlantic | |
| ..Argentine Basin | |
| RT | Vema Channel |
| DSDP Site 331 | |
| DSDP Site 358 | |
| Leg 39 | |
| SN | E of Argentina in SW Atlantic. |
| argentite | |
|---|---|
| BT | sulfides |
| .argentite | |
| UF | argyrite |
| RT | acanthite |
| silver ores | |
| silver | |
| Arges River | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Southern Europe | |
| ..Romania | |
| ...Arges River | |
| SN | In S Romania. |
| argillaceous rocks | |
|---|---|
| USE | argillaceous texture |
| argillaceous texture | |
|---|---|
| BT | textures |
| .argillaceous texture | |
| UF | argillaceous rocks |
| RT | clay mineralogy |
| sedimentary rocks | |
| clay minerals | |
| clay | |
| sediments | |
| argillite | |
| marl | |
| shale | |
| SN | Before 1978, also search argillaceous AND specific sediment type or sedimentary rock. |
| argillite | |
|---|---|
| BT | sedimentary rocks |
| .clastic rocks | |
| ..argillite | |
| UF | dropstone |
| RT | argillization |
| terrigenous materials | |
| argillaceous texture | |
| argillization | |
|---|---|
| BT | metasomatism |
| .argillization | |
| RT | processes |
| feldspar group | |
| clay minerals | |
| alteration | |
| argillite | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| Argo abyssal plain | |
|---|---|
| BT | Indian Ocean |
| .Argo abyssal plain | |
| RT | DSDP Site 261 |
| Leg 123 | |
| ODP Site 765 | |
| SN | Eastern Indian Ocean. |
| Argolis Greece | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Southern Europe | |
| ..Greece | |
| ...Peloponnesus Greece | |
| ....Argolis Greece | |
| SN | Department in E Peloponnesus. |
| argon | |
|---|---|
| BT | noble gases |
| .argon | |
| NT | Ar-36 |
| Ar-37 | |
| Ar-38 | |
| Ar-38/Ar-36 | |
| Ar-39 | |
| Ar-40 | |
| Ar-40/Ar-36 | |
| Ar-40/Ar-39 | |
| UF | Ar |
| RT | Ar/Ar |
| isotopes | |
| K/Ar | |
| argon-argon | |
|---|---|
| USE | Ar/Ar |
| Argovian | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Mesozoic | |
| ...Jurassic | |
| ....Upper Jurassic | |
| .....Argovian | |
| SN | Europe. Substage in Great Britain: Upper Jurassic (lower Lusitanian; above Oxfordian Stage, below Rauracian Substage). |
| Argun Ri |
|---|
| Argun River | |
|---|---|
| RT | Amur River |
| Asia | |
| Europe | |
| Georgian Republic | |
| Greater Caucasus | |
| Russian Far East | |
| Russian Federation | |
| Shilka Valley | |
| Transbaikalia | |
| SN | Rises in NE China and serves as part of boundary between NE China and Russian Federation. Joins with Shilka River to form the Amur River. Also a river in the Greater Caucasus, in Georgian Republic and Russian Federation. Indexed with Europe or Asia and Ch |
| Argyllshire Scotland | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Western Europe | |
| ..United Kingdom | |
| ...Great Britain | |
| ....Scotland | |
| .....Argyllshire Scotland | |
| NT | Ardnamurchan |
| Islay | |
| Kintyre | |
| Mull Island | |
| RT | Highland region Scotland |
| Ballachulish Complex | |
| Firth of Clyde | |
| Glen Coe | |
| Strathclyde region Scotland | |
| SN | Former county in NW Scotland which in 1975 was split between Highland and Strathclyde regions. The latter has the major part. Before 1993, also search Argyll and Scotland. Indexed with region as applicable. |
| argyrite | |
|---|---|
| USE | argentite |
| Ariake Bay | |
|---|---|
| BT | Asia |
| .Far East | |
| ..Japan | |
| ...Kyushu | |
| ....Ariake Bay | |
| SN | On East China Sea on W coast of Kyushu. Also search Ariake Sea. |
| arid environment | |
|---|---|
| BT | terrestrial environment |
| .arid environment | |
| UF | arid regions |
| RT | ecology |
| geomorphology | |
| depositional environment | |
| land use | |
| climate | |
| subaerial environment | |
| paleoclimatology | |
| barchans | |
| deserts | |
| rock varnish | |
| sebkha environment | |
| semi-arid environment | |
| wadis | |
| yardangs | |
| SN | Before 1978, also search arid. |
| arid regions | |
|---|---|
| USE | arid environment |
| Arida-gawa | |
|---|---|
| BT | nshu |
| .Wakayama Japan | |
| ..Arida-gawa | |
| UF | Arita River |
| Aritagawa | |
| SN | W Kii Peninsula S of Osaka, S Honshu. Added to Thesaurus in 1993. |
| Aridisols | |
|---|---|
| BT | soils |
| .Aridisols | |
| RT | soil group |
| Ariege France | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Western Europe | |
| ..France | |
| ...Ariege France | |
| NT | Castillon Massif |
| Querigut Massif | |
| Saint-Girons France | |
| RT | Lherz |
| Salat Valley | |
| SN | Department in S France. |
| ariegite | |
|---|---|
| BT | igneous rocks |
| .plutonic rocks | |
| ..ultramafics | |
| ...ariegite | |
| RT | websterite |
| Ariel Satellite | |
|---|---|
| RT | icy satellites |
| satellites | |
| Uranus | |
| Voyager Program | |
| SN | One of the satellites of Uranus. Before 1989, also search Ariel AND Uranus. Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| Aries Valley | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Southern Europe | |
| ..Romania | |
| ...Transylvania | |
| ....Aries Valley | |
| SN | River valley in W central Transylvania. Also search Aries. |
| Arikaree Group | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Cenozoic | |
| ...Tertiary | |
| ....Arikaree Group | |
| RT | Wyoming |
| Montana | |
| Colorado | |
| lower Miocene | |
| upper Oligocene | |
| South Dakota | |
| White River Group | |
| SN | Upper Oligocene to lower Miocene. Previously considered Miocene. The Arikaree Formation has been considered Miocene. Comprises Sharps, Monroe Creek, and Harrison Formations. Colorado, S South Dakota, SE Montana, and SE Wyoming. Indexed with upper Oligocen |
| Arikareean | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Cenozoic | |
| ...Tertiary | |
| ....Arikareean | |
| RT | lower Miocene |
| upper Oligocene | |
| Kirkwood Formation | |
| SN | Provincial series, North America. Indexed with ages as applicable. |
| Aristarchus | |
|---|---|
| BT | Moon |
| .Aristarchus | |
| UF | Aristarchus Plateau |
| RT | Apollo 17 |
| Ocean of Storms | |
| Sea of Rains | |
| SN | Lunar crater near Vallis Schroteri in region between Ocean of Storms and Sea of Rains. Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| Aristarchus Plateau | |
|---|---|
| USE | Aristarchus |
| Arita River | |
|---|---|
| USE | Arida-gawa |
| Aritagawa | |
|---|---|
| USE | Arida-gawa |
| Ariyalur India | |
|---|---|
| BT | Asia |
| .Indian Peninsula | |
| ..India | |
| ...Tamil Nadu India | |
| ....Ariyalur India | |
| SN | Town in S Tamil Nadu, S India. |
| Ariyalur Stage | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Mesozoic | |
| ...Cretaceous | |
| ....Upper Cretaceous | |
| .....Ariyalur Stage | |
| RT | India |
| SN | S India. |
| Arize Massif | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Western Europe | |
| ..France | |
| ...Arize Massif | |
| SN | N of the central Pyrenees. |
| Arkansas City Kansas | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Kansas | |
| ..Cowley County Kansas | |
| ...Arkansas City Kansas | |
| SN | City in S Kansas. |
| Arkansas County Arkansas | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Arkansas | |
| ..Arkansas County Arkansas | |
| Arkansas Novaculite | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Paleozoic | |
| ...upper Paleozoic | |
| ....Arkansas Novaculite | |
| RT | Devonian |
| Mississippian | |
| Oklahoma | |
| Arkansas | |
| SN | Devonian and Mississippian. SW Arkansas and SE Oklahoma. Indexed with ages as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1985. |
| Arkansas River | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Arkansas River | |
| RT | Oklahoma |
| Colorado | |
| Mississippi | |
| Kansas | |
| Arkansas | |
| SN | S central U.S., flows 1, 450 mi. generally ESE from the Rocky Mountains of central Colorado, through Kansas, Oklahoma, and Arkansas, to Mississippi River N of Greenville, Mississippi. Also search Arkansas River valley. Indexed with states as applicable. |
| Arkansas River valley | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Arkansas River valley | |
| RT | Oklahoma |
| Colorado | |
| Kansas | |
| Arkansas | |
| SN | Indexed with states as applicable. |
| Arkansas River#Arkansas River valley#Bald Mountain#Battle Mountain#Benton Format |
|---|
| Arkhangelsk Russian Federation | |
|---|---|
| BT | Commonwealth of Independent States |
| .Russian Federation | |
| ..Arkhangelsk Russian Federation | |
| BT | Europe |
| .Arkhangelsk Russian Federation | |
| NT | Belozero Russian Federation |
| Franz Josef Land | |
| Mezen Russian Federation | |
| Nenets Russian Federation | |
| Novaya Zemlya | |
| Onega Russian Federation | |
| Vetrenyy Ridge | |
| UF | Archangel Russian Federation |
| RT | Belaya Gora Russian Federation |
| Mezen River basin | |
| Northern Dvina River | |
| SN | City and oblast on the White Sea in NW Russian Federation. Before 1993, Arkhangelsk Russian Republic was also used. This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| Arkoma Basin | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Arkoma Basin | |
| RT | Oklahoma |
| Arkansas | |
| Spiro Sandstone | |
| SN | Indexed with states as applicable. |
| arkose | |
|---|---|
| BT | sedimentary rocks |
| .clastic rocks | |
| ..arkose | |
| RT | sandstone |
| terrigenous materials | |
| arkosic composition | |
| meta-arkose | |
| subarkose | |
| arkosic composition | |
|---|---|
| RT | arkose |
| sedimentary rocks | |
| sediments | |
| composition | |
| SN | Before 1978, also search arkosic AND specific sediment type or sedimentary rock. |
| Arlan | |
|---|---|
| RT | Bashkortostan Russian Federation |
| SN | Oil bearing region in Bashkortostan in S Urals. Indexed with region as applicable. |
| Arlington County Virginia | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Virginia | |
| ..Arlington County Virginia | |
| SN | N Virginia. Along Potomac River opposite Washington, D.C. Also search Alexandria Virginia if applicable. |
| armalcolite | |
|---|---|
| BT | oxides |
| .armalcolite | |
| RT | titanium oxides |
| pseudobrookite | |
| Armenia | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Armenia | |
| BT | Commonwealth of Independent States |
| .Armenia | |
| NT | Agarak |
| Akhtala Armenia | |
| Alaverdi Armenia | |
| Arteni | |
| Dastakert Armenia | |
| Kadzharan Armenia | |
| Kafan Armenia | |
| Lake Sevan | |
| Megri Armenia | |
| Megrinskiy Pluton | |
| Pambak Armenia | |
| Razdan River | |
| Sevan Armenia | |
| Shamlug Armenia | |
| Sisian Armenia | |
| Yerevan Armenia | |
| Zod Armenia | |
| RT | Aragats |
| Lesser Caucasus | |
| Caucasus | |
| Oktemberyan Series | |
| Shakhdag Range | |
| Spitak earthquake 1988 | |
| Transcaucasia | |
| Zangezur | |
| SN | Formerly the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic. This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| Armenia earthquake 1988 | |
|---|---|
| USE | Spitak earthquake 1988 |
| Armidale Australia | |
|---|---|
| BT | Australasia |
| .Australia | |
| ..New South Wales Australia | |
| ...Armidale Australia | |
| SN | Town in NE New South Wales. |
| armored mud balls | |
|---|---|
| BT | sedimentary structures |
| .secondary structures | |
| ..armored mud balls | |
| UF | mud balls, armored |
| RT | clay |
| Armorica | |
|---|---|
| USE | Armorican Massif |
| Armorican Massif | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Western Europe | |
| ..France | |
| ...Armorican Massif | |
| UF | Armorica |
| RT | Cadomian Orogeny |
| SN | NW France. |
| Armstrong County Pennsylvania | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Pennsylvania | |
| ..Armstrong County Pennsylvania | |
| SN | W Pennsylvania. |
| Armstrong County Texas | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Texas | |
| ..Armstrong County Texas | |
| SN | Extreme N Texas. |
| Arno River basin | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Southern Europe | |
| ..Italy | |
| ...Tuscany Italy | |
| ....Arno River basin | |
| SN | N central Tuscany. |
| aromatic hydrocarbons | |
|---|---|
| BT | organic compounds |
| .hydrocarbons | |
| ..aromatic hydrocarbons | |
| NT | benzene |
| BTEX | |
| ethylbenzene | |
| hopanoids | |
| oleananes | |
| polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons | |
| toluene | |
| xylene | |
| UF | arenes |
| RT | chlorobenzene |
| hexachlorobenzene | |
| aliphatic hydrocarbons | |
| biomarkers | |
| aromatization | |
| soil vapor extraction | |
| soil venting | |
| SN | Before 1978, search (aromatic or aromatics) AND hydrocarbons. |
| aromatization | |
|---|---|
| RT | aromatic hydrocarbons |
| hydrocarbons | |
| petroleum | |
| processes | |
| production | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| Aroostook County Maine | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Maine | |
| ..Aroostook County Maine | |
| NT | Presque Isle Maine |
| RT | Saint John River |
| SN | N Maine. |
| Arosa Bay | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Southern Europe | |
| ..Iberian Peninsula | |
| ...Spain | |
| ....Galicia Spain | |
| .....Arosa Bay | |
| RT | La Coruna Spain |
| Pontevedra Spain | |
| SN | On the Atlantic Ocean in W between provinces of La Coruna and Pontevedra. Indexed with provinces. |
| Arran | |
|---|---|
| RT | Firth of Clyde |
| Strathclyde region Scotland | |
| SN | Island in Firth of Clyde in SW Scotland. Before 1975, it was included in Buteshire. Indexed with Strathclyde region Scotland if applicable. |
| arrays | |
|---|---|
| RT | computer networks |
| electrical methods | |
| geophysical methods | |
| geophysical surveys | |
| LASA | |
| networks | |
| NORESS | |
| NORSAR | |
| PANDA | |
| PASSCAL | |
| portable arrays | |
| Schlumberger methods | |
| seismic networks | |
| SMART2 | |
| TERRAscope | |
| arrival time | |
|---|---|
| RT | dip moveout |
| earthquakes | |
| elastic waves | |
| moveout | |
| normal moveout | |
| ray tracing | |
| raypaths | |
| seismic migration | |
| seismology | |
| Arrow Canyon Range | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Nevada | |
| ..Arrow Canyon Range | |
| Arroyo El Mimbral | |
|---|---|
| BT | Mexico |
| .Tamaulipas Mexico | |
| ..Arroyo El Mimbral | |
| UF | El Mimbral, Arroyo |
| Mimbral, Arroyo El | |
| RT | K-T boundary |
| SN | Stream which drains the southwest flank of the Sierra de Tamaulipas, NE Mexico. It is the site of a well-studied K-T boundary outcrop. |
| arroyos | |
|---|---|
| BT | fluvial features |
| .arroyos | |
| BT | erosion features |
| .arroyos | |
| RT | geomorphology |
| wadis | |
| ephemeral streams | |
| gullies | |
| SN | This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| arsenates | |
|---|---|
| NT | adamite |
| austinite | |
| beudantite | |
| conichalcite | |
| haidingerite | |
| legrandite | |
| mimetite | |
| pharmacolite | |
| pharmacosiderite | |
| scorodite | |
| RT | minerals |
| arsenic | |
|---|---|
| BT | metals |
| .arsenic | |
| UF | As |
| RT | native elements |
| arsenic ores | |
| arsenopyrite | |
| chalcophile elements | |
| SN | Chemical element. Use arsenic ores for arsenic as a commodity. |
| arsenic ores | |
|---|---|
| BT | metal ores |
| .arsenic ores | |
| RT | native elements |
| arsenic | |
| arsenopyrite | |
| SN | Commodity. See List C. |
| arsenical pyrites | |
|---|---|
| USE | arsenopyrite |
| arsenides | |
|---|---|
| NT | arsenopyrite |
| cobaltite | |
| gersdorffite | |
| lollingite | |
| maucherite | |
| niccolite | |
| pararammelsbergite | |
| rammelsbergite | |
| safflorite | |
| skutterudite | |
| sperrylite | |
| RT | minerals |
| arsenites | |
|---|---|
| NT | mixite |
| RT | minerals |
| arsenopyrite | |
|---|---|
| BT | sulfides |
| .arsenopyrite | |
| BT | arsenides |
| .arsenopyrite | |
| UF | arsenical pyrites |
| white pyrites | |
| RT | arsenic |
| arsenic ores | |
| lollingite | |
| SN | This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| arsenosulfides | |
|---|---|
| BT | sulfides |
| .arsenosulfides | |
| Arsia Mons | |
|---|---|
| BT | Mars |
| .Arsia Mons | |
| RT | volcanoes |
| Tharsis | |
| Tharsis Montes | |
| SN | Volcano on Mars. Added to Thesaurus in 1985. |
| art | |
|---|---|
| RT | archaeology |
| artifacts | |
| graphic methods | |
| petroglyphs | |
| SN | Also search specific types such as cave art or parietal art if applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1995. |
| Artemisia | |
|---|---|
| BT | Plantae |
| .Spermatophyta | |
| ..Angiospermae | |
| ...Dicotyledoneae | |
| ....Artemisia | |
| RT | palynomorphs |
| miospores | |
| SN | Genus. |
| Artemovsk Ukraine | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Ukraine | |
| ..Artemovsk Ukraine | |
| UF | Bakhmut Ukraine |
| SN | City in the Donets Basin. This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| Arteni | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Armenia | |
| ..Arteni | |
| SN | Region in Armenia. This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| artesian waters | |
|---|---|
| RT | aquifers |
| aquitards | |
| confined aquifers | |
| ground water | |
| hydrogeology | |
| water | |
| water resources | |
| Arthabaska County Quebec | |
|---|---|
| BT | Canada |
| .Eastern Canada | |
| ..Quebec | |
| ...Arthabaska County Quebec | |
| Arthrodira | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chordata |
| .Vertebrata | |
| ..Pisces | |
| ...Placodermi | |
| ....Arthrodira | |
| SN | Order. |
| Arthropoda | |
|---|---|
| BT | Invertebrata |
| .Arthropoda | |
| NT | Chelicerata |
| Mandibulata | |
| Trilobitomorpha | |
| RT | cuticles |
| segmentation | |
| Tardigrada | |
| Arthur County Nebraska | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Nebraska | |
| ..Arthur County Nebraska | |
| Arthur Harbor | |
|---|---|
| RT | Antarctica |
| Anvers Island | |
| SN | On Anvers Island. Off NW Antarctic Peninsula. Indexed with regions as applicable. |
| Articulata | |
|---|---|
| BT | Invertebrata |
| .Brachiopoda | |
| ..Articulata | |
| NT | Dictyonellidina |
| Orthida | |
| Pentamerida | |
| Rhynchonellida | |
| Spiriferida | |
| Strophomenida | |
| Terebratulida | |
| Thecideidina | |
| RT | Inarticulata |
| SN | Restricted to use with Brachiopoda. Articulata is not to be used as post-Paleozoic Crinoidea subclass or with other organisms. |
| Articulatae | |
|---|---|
| BT | Plantae |
| .Pteridophyta | |
| ..Sphenopsida | |
| ...Articulatae | |
| RT | Sphenopteris |
| artifacts | |
|---|---|
| UF | pottery |
| RT | archaeology |
| fossil man | |
| archaeological sites | |
| art | |
| Clovis | |
| petroglyphs | |
| SN | Before 1993, also search tools AND archaeology. |
| artificial | |
|---|---|
| SN | A valid term through 1977. After 1977, use artificial recharge, artificial islands, artificial intelligence, or synthetic materials if applicable. |
| artificial intelligence | |
|---|---|
| RT | data processing |
| expert systems | |
| neural networks | |
| self-organization | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| artificial islands | |
|---|---|
| UF | man-made islands |
| RT | reclamation |
| sedimentation | |
| engineering geology | |
| barrier islands | |
| marine installations | |
| shorelines | |
| stabilization | |
| submarine installations | |
| SN | Often used in sedimentation, shore protection, and reclamation. Added to Thesaurus in 1993. |
| artificial minerals | |
|---|---|
| SN | Not a valid index term for GeoRef. Use synthetic materials and specific mineral name. |
| artificial recharge | |
|---|---|
| RT | fluid injection |
| ground water | |
| injection | |
| natural recharge | |
| recharge | |
| reinjection wells | |
| SN | Also search artificial AND recharge. |
| artificial wetlands | |
|---|---|
| USE | constructed wetlands |
| artinite | |
|---|---|
| BT | carbonates |
| .artinite | |
| Artinskian | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Paleozoic | |
| ...Permian | |
| ....Cisuralian | |
| .....Artinskian | |
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Paleozoic | |
| ...Permian | |
| ....Lower Permian | |
| .....Artinskian | |
| SN | Europe. Above Sakmarian, below Kungurian. |
| Artiodactyla | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chordata |
| .Vertebrata | |
| ..Tetrapoda | |
| ...Mammalia | |
| ....Theria | |
| .....Eutheria | |
| ......Artiodactyla | |
| NT | Hippopotamidae |
| Ruminantia | |
| Suiformes | |
| RT | Ungulata |
| SN | Order. |
| Artois | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Western Europe | |
| ..France | |
| ...Artois | |
| SN | Historic region in extreme N France, located to the S and SW of Flanders. |
| Arunachal Pradesh India | |
|---|---|
| BT | Asia |
| .Indian Peninsula | |
| ..India | |
| ...Northeastern India | |
| ....Arunachal Pradesh India | |
| RT | Himalayas |
| SN | State India, NE of Assam. |
| Arunta Block | |
|---|---|
| BT | Australasia |
| .Australia | |
| ..Northern Territory Australia | |
| ...Arunta Block | |
| RT | Arunta Complex |
| SN | Northern Territory, central Australia. Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| Arunta Complex | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Precambrian | |
| ..Archean | |
| ...Arunta Complex | |
| RT | Australia |
| Northern Territory Australia | |
| Arunta Block | |
| Arve Valley | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Arve Valley | |
| RT | Switzerland |
| France | |
| SN | River valley. Indexed with countries as applicable. |
| Arvicolidae | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chordata |
| .Vertebrata | |
| ..Tetrapoda | |
| ...Mammalia | |
| ....Theria | |
| .....Eutheria | |
| ......Rodentia | |
| .......Myomorpha | |
| ........Arvicolidae | |
| RT | Mimomys |
| SN | In some classifications, sometimes includes some genera from the family Cricetidae. |
| As | |
|---|---|
| USE | arsenic |
| Asal Rift | |
|---|---|
| UF | Asal-Ghoubbat Rift |
| Asal-Ghoubbet Rift | |
| RT | Djibouti |
| Gulf of Tadjoura | |
| SN | Rift zone, central Djibouti and Gulf of Tadjoura. Indexed with Djibouti and/or Gulf of Tadjoura as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1985. |
| Asal-Ghoubbat Rift | |
|---|---|
| USE | Asal Rift |
| Asal-Ghoubbet Rift | |
|---|---|
| USE | Asal Rift |
| Asama | |
|---|---|
| BT | nshu |
| .Asama | |
| UF | Asama Volcano |
| Asamayama | |
| Mount Asama | |
| Mt. Asama | |
| RT | Nagano Japan |
| volcanoes | |
| Gumma Japan | |
| SN | Active volcano on W Gumma and E Nagano prefecture border, 85 miles NW of Tokyo. Also search Mount Asama. After 1993, use Asama Japan for the place in Nagano prefecture. Indexed with prefecture or prefectures as applicable. |
| Asama Volcano | |
|---|---|
| USE | Asama |
| Asamayama | |
|---|---|
| USE | Asama |
| Asaphidae | |
|---|---|
| BT | Invertebrata |
| .Arthropoda | |
| ..Trilobitomorpha | |
| ...Trilobita | |
| ....Ptychopariida | |
| .....Asaphidae | |
| SN | Family. |
| asbestos | |
|---|---|
| BT | silicates |
| .asbestos | |
| RT | actinolite |
| chain silicates | |
| amphibole group | |
| amosite | |
| anthophyllite | |
| sheet silicates | |
| asbestos deposits | |
| chrysotile | |
| SN | As of 1981, use asbestos deposits for asbestos as a commodity. |
| asbestos deposits | |
|---|---|
| RT | asbestos |
| chrysotile | |
| insulation materials | |
| Thetford Mines | |
| SN | Commodity. See List C. |
| Asbian | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Paleozoic | |
| ...Carboniferous | |
| ....Dinantian | |
| .....Asbian | |
| SN | Europe. Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| asbolane | |
|---|---|
| USE | asbolite |
| asbolite | |
|---|---|
| BT | oxides |
| .asbolite | |
| UF | asbolane |
| RT | manganese oxides |
| Ascension Island | |
|---|---|
| BT | Atlantic Ocean Islands |
| .Ascension Island | |
| RT | Atlantic Ocean |
| SN | British possession 700 miles NW of Saint Helena. |
| Ascension Parish Louisiana | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Louisiana | |
| ..Ascension Parish Louisiana | |
| ascharite | |
|---|---|
| USE | szaibelyite |
| Aschersleben Germany | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Central Europe | |
| ..Germany | |
| ...Saxony-Anhalt Germany | |
| ....Aschersleben Germany | |
| SN | City in Saxony-Anhalt, E central Germany. Before 1993, Aschersleben was used with Halle Bezirk. |
| aschynite | |
|---|---|
| USE | aeschynite |
| Ascoli Piceno Italy | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Southern Europe | |
| ..Italy | |
| ...Marches Italy | |
| ....Ascoli Piceno Italy | |
| SN | Town and province in S Marches. |
| Ascraeus Mons | |
|---|---|
| BT | Mars |
| .Ascraeus Mons | |
| RT | volcanoes |
| Tharsis | |
| Tharsis Montes | |
| SN | Shield volcano on Mars. Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| ASEAN | |
|---|---|
| UF | Association of South East Asian Nations |
| RT | associations |
| international cooperation | |
| Indonesia | |
| Brunei | |
| Malaysia | |
| Philippine Islands | |
| Singapore | |
| Thailand | |
| SN | Acronym. In 1985, Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippine Islands, Singapore and Thailand were members. Added to Thesaurus in 1981. |
| aseismic design | |
|---|---|
| RT | design |
| engineering geology | |
| seismic response | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1981. |
| aseismic margins | |
|---|---|
| RT | continental margin |
| passive margins | |
| plate tectonics | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1981. |
| aseismic ridges | |
|---|---|
| RT | microcontinents |
| mid-ocean ridges | |
| SN | Before 1978, search aseismic. |
| ash |
|---|
| ash clouds | |
|---|---|
| UF | clouds, ash |
| dust clouds (volcanic) | |
| eruption clouds | |
| volcanic clouds | |
| RT | volcanism |
| atmosphere | |
| aircraft | |
| geologic hazards | |
| volcanic risk | |
| climate | |
| stratosphere | |
| volcanology | |
| SN | Before 1985, also search dust clouds and volcanology. |
| ash content | |
|---|---|
| RT | analysis |
| ash | |
| coal | |
| combustion | |
| energy sources | |
| incineration | |
| peat | |
| quality control | |
| SN | As of 1998, restricted to use for incombustible material. For other uses, see volcanic ash. |
| ash falls | |
|---|---|
| RT | fallout |
| pyroclastics | |
| volcanic ash | |
| volcaniclastics | |
| volcanism | |
| volcanoes | |
| volcanology | |
| Ash H |
|---|
| Ash Hollow Formation | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Cenozoic | |
| ...Neogene | |
| ....Pliocene | |
| .....Ash Hollow Formation | |
| RT | Wyoming |
| Nebraska | |
| Kansas | |
| South Dakota | |
| Ogallala Formation | |
| SN | In Ogallala Formation. W Kansas, W Nebraska, South Dakota, and SE Wyoming. |
| ash-flow tuff | |
|---|---|
| BT | igneous rocks |
| .volcanic rocks | |
| ..pyroclastics | |
| ...ash-flow tuff | |
| RT | volcanic ash |
| tuff | |
| ash flows | |
| ignimbrite | |
| pyroclastic flows | |
| Ashe County North Carolina | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .North Carolina | |
| ..Ashe County North Carolina | |
| Ashe Formation | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Paleozoic | |
| ...lower Paleozoic | |
| ....Ashe Formation | |
| RT | Virginia |
| North Carolina | |
| Tennessee | |
| SN | NW North Carolina, E Tennessee, and SW Virginia. |
| Ashgillian | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Paleozoic | |
| ...Ordovician | |
| ....Upper Ordovician | |
| .....Ashgillian | |
| NT | Hirnantian |
| RT | Bala |
| SN | Europe. Upper Caradocian, below Llandoverian (Silurian). |
| Ashio Japan | |
|---|---|
| BT | nshu |
| .Ashio Japan | |
| RT | Gumma Japan |
| Tochigi Japan | |
| SN | Town on border of Tochigi and Gumma prefectures, central Honshu. |
| Ashio Mine | |
|---|---|
| BT | nshu |
| .Ashio Mine | |
| RT | mines |
| copper ores | |
| Gumma Japan | |
| Tochigi Japan | |
| SN | Before 1993, also search Ashio copper mines. Indexed with prefectures and commodity as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1993. |
| Ashkhabad Turkmenia | |
|---|---|
| BT | Asia |
| .Turkmenia | |
| ..Ashkhabad Turkmenia | |
| NT | Cheleken Turkmenia |
| Darvaza Turkmenia | |
| SN | Oblast and city in S Turkmenia near the Iranian border. This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| Ashland County Ohio | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Ohio | |
| ..Ashland County Ohio | |
| SN | N central Ohio. |
| Ashland County Wisconsin | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Wisconsin | |
| ..Ashland County Wisconsin | |
| SN | Extreme N Wisconsin. |
| Ashley County Arkansas | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Arkansas | |
| ..Ashley County Arkansas | |
| Ashley River Fault | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .South Carolina | |
| ..Charleston County South Carolina | |
| ...Ashley River Fault | |
| SN | Charleston region, SE South Carolina. Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| Ashmore Meteorite | |
|---|---|
| BT | meteorites |
| .stony meteorites | |
| ..chondrites | |
| ...Ashmore Meteorite | |
| RT | Texas |
| Gaines County Texas | |
| SN | Impact in Gaines County, W Texas. Before 1981, also search Ashmore AND meteorites. Added to Thesaurus in 1981. |
| Ashtabula County Ohio | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Ohio | |
| ..Ashtabula County Ohio | |
| SN | NE Ohio. |
| ashtonite | |
|---|---|
| USE | mordenite |
| Asia Minor | |
|---|---|
| USE | Turkey |
| Asiatic USSR | |
|---|---|
| SN | As of 1993, no longer a valid term for GeoRef. Included the Russian Republic E of the Urals and the republics of Soviet Central Asia: Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan (Kirghizia), Tajikistan, Turkmenia, and Uzbekistan. Before 1978, search Asiatic AND USSR. Now see |
| Askania gravimeters | |
|---|---|
| BT | gravimeters |
| .Askania gravimeters | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1981. |
| Aso | |
|---|---|
| BT | Asia |
| .Far East | |
| ..Japan | |
| ...Kyushu | |
| ....Kumamoto Japan | |
| .....Aso | |
| UF | Aso Volcano |
| Aso-san | |
| RT | volcanoes |
| Aso Caldera | |
| SN | Volcanic mountain with five peaks in central Kyushu. Before 1993, also used for town in Kumamoto Prefecture. |
| Aso Caldera | |
|---|---|
| BT | Asia |
| .Far East | |
| ..Japan | |
| ...Kyushu | |
| ....Kumamoto Japan | |
| .....Aso Caldera | |
| RT | Aso |
| SN | Aso, central Kyushu. |
| Aso Volcano | |
|---|---|
| USE | Aso |
| Aso-san | |
|---|---|
| USE | Aso |
| Asotin County Washington | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Washington | |
| ..Asotin County Washington | |
| aspartic acid | |
|---|---|
| BT | organic compounds |
| .organic acids | |
| ..amino acids | |
| ...aspartic acid | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1985. |
| asperities | |
|---|---|
| UF | asperity |
| RT | engineering geology |
| faults | |
| rock mechanics | |
| fractures | |
| shear tests | |
| three-dimensional models | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| asperity | |
|---|---|
| USE | asperities |
| asphalt | |
|---|---|
| BT | bitumens |
| .asphalt | |
| UF | asphaltene |
| asphaltenes | |
| RT | organic compounds |
| biomarkers | |
| asphaltene | |
|---|---|
| USE | asphalt |
| asphaltenes | |
|---|---|
| USE | asphalt |
| Assam India | |
|---|---|
| BT | Asia |
| .Indian Peninsula | |
| ..India | |
| ...Northeastern India | |
| ....Assam India | |
| RT | Garo Hills |
| Meghalaya India | |
| Shillong India | |
| Shillong Plateau | |
| SN | State NE of Bangladesh in NE India. Territory was reorganized in early 1970s. |
| Asse Mine | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Central Europe | |
| ..Germany | |
| ...Lower Saxony Germany | |
| ....Asse Mine | |
| UF | Asse Salt Mine |
| RT | mines |
| waste disposal | |
| radioactive waste | |
| waste disposal sites | |
| SN | Salt mine and radioactive waste disposal site. Lower Saxony, N central Germany. Indexed with regions as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| Asse Salt Mine | |
|---|---|
| USE | Asse Mine |
| Asselian | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Paleozoic | |
| ...Permian | |
| ....Cisuralian | |
| .....Asselian | |
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Paleozoic | |
| ...Permian | |
| ....Lower Permian | |
| .....Asselian | |
| SN | Europe. Stage. Below Sakmarian. Above Stephanian of Upper Carboniferous. |
| assemblages | |
|---|---|
| UF | faunal assemblages |
| fossil assemblages | |
| RT | biotopes |
| fossils | |
| biofacies | |
| communities | |
| faunal provinces | |
| floral provinces | |
| ichnofacies | |
| index fossils | |
| SN | Restricted to assemblages of fossils. For assemblages of minerals, use mineral assemblages. |
| assessment, environmental | |
|---|---|
| SN | Use risk assessment or environmental analysis or environmental effects. |
| assimilation | |
|---|---|
| RT | anatexis |
| country rocks | |
| emplacement | |
| hybridization | |
| inclusions | |
| intrusions | |
| magma contamination | |
| magma transport | |
| magmas | |
| palingenesis | |
| SN | As of 1981, restricted to magmas. Not to be used as a general term. |
| Assiniboine River | |
|---|---|
| BT | Canada |
| .Western Canada | |
| ..Assiniboine River | |
| RT | Saskatchewan |
| Manitoba | |
| Assiniboine River valley | |
| SN | S Canada; 590 miles long. Rises in SE Saskatchewan, flows S and E across S Manitoba into the Red River of the North at Winnipeg. Indexed with provinces as applicable. |
| Assiniboine River valley | |
|---|---|
| BT | Canada |
| .Western Canada | |
| ..Assiniboine River valley | |
| UF | Assiniboine Valley |
| RT | Saskatchewan |
| Manitoba | |
| Assiniboine River | |
| SN | Important wheat growing region. Indexed with provinces as applicable. |
| Assiniboine Valley | |
|---|---|
| USE | Assiniboine River valley |
| Association of South East Asian Nations | |
|---|---|
| USE | ASEAN |
| associations | |
|---|---|
| RT | AAPG |
| academic institutions | |
| AGI | |
| AGU | |
| annual report | |
| ASEAN | |
| bibliography | |
| catalogs | |
| collections | |
| current research | |
| education | |
| Euratom | |
| expeditions | |
| geology | |
| government agencies | |
| GSA | |
| IGCP | |
| INQUA | |
| institutions | |
| international cooperation | |
| International Geological Congress | |
| Int | |
| SN | Reserved for organizations not included under academic institutions, government agencies, museums or survey organizations. Before 1976, also search meetings. |
| Assumption Parish Louisiana | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Louisiana | |
| ..Assumption Parish Louisiana | |
| Assynt | |
|---|---|
| BT | ghland region Scotland |
| .Sutherland Scotland | |
| ..Assynt | |
| UF | Assynt region |
| SN | Sutherland, N Scotland. Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| Assynt region | |
|---|---|
| USE | Assynt |
| Assyntian Orogeny | |
|---|---|
| USE | Assyntic Orogeny |
| Assyntic Orogeny | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Precambrian | |
| ..Assyntic Orogeny | |
| UF | Assyntian Orogeny |
| RT | Cambrian |
| orogeny | |
| tectonics | |
| Western Europe | |
| SN | Orogenic events at the end of the Precambrian. Before 1978, search Assyntian. |
| ast Range Ophiolite#Colorado River basin#Cupido Formation#Difunta Group#Eagle Fo |
|---|
| Astarte | |
|---|---|
| BT | Invertebrata |
| .Mollusca | |
| ..Bivalvia | |
| ...Astartida | |
| ....Astarte | |
| SN | Genus. |
| Astartida | |
|---|---|
| BT | Invertebrata |
| .Mollusca | |
| ..Bivalvia | |
| ...Astartida | |
| NT | Astarte |
| astatine | |
|---|---|
| BT | halogens |
| .astatine | |
| UF | At |
| SN | Chemical element. |
| Asteridae | |
|---|---|
| BT | Plantae |
| .Spermatophyta | |
| ..Angiospermae | |
| ...Dicotyledoneae | |
| ....Asteridae | |
| Asterocyclina | |
|---|---|
| BT | Invertebrata |
| .Protista | |
| ..Foraminifera | |
| ...Rotaliina | |
| ....Orbitoidacea | |
| .....Asterocyclina | |
| RT | microfossils |
| SN | Genus. Indexed with microfossils if applicable. |
| Asteroidea | |
|---|---|
| BT | Invertebrata |
| .Echinodermata | |
| ..Asterozoa | |
| ...Stelleroidea | |
| ....Asteroidea | |
| Asterozoa | |
|---|---|
| BT | Invertebrata |
| .Echinodermata | |
| ..Asterozoa | |
| NT | Stelleroidea |
| asthenosphere | |
|---|---|
| UF | zone of mobility |
| RT | mantle |
| upper mantle | |
| plate tectonics | |
| magmas | |
| elastic waves | |
| Earth | |
| crust | |
| delamination | |
| isostasy | |
| lithosphere | |
| lower crust | |
| Mohorovicic discontinuity | |
| tectonophysics | |
| Asti Italy | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Southern Europe | |
| ..Italy | |
| ...Piemonte Italy | |
| ....Asti Italy | |
| SN | City and province in NW Italy. |
| Astian | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Cenozoic | |
| ...Neogene | |
| ....Pliocene | |
| .....upper Pliocene | |
| ......Astian | |
| SN | Europe. Above the Piacenzian. |
| Astoria |
|---|
| Astoria Canyon | |
|---|---|
| BT | Pacific Ocean |
| .North Pacific | |
| ..Northeast Pacific | |
| ...Astoria Canyon | |
| RT | Oregon |
| SN | Just off Astoria, Oregon and the mouth of the Columbia River. This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| Astoria Formation | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Cenozoic | |
| ...Neogene | |
| ....Miocene | |
| .....Astoria Formation | |
| RT | Washington |
| Oregon | |
| SN | Lower to middle Miocene. NW Oregon and SW Washington. Added to Thesaurus in 1985. |
| Astrakhan Arch | |
|---|---|
| BT | Commonwealth of Independent States |
| .Astrakhan Arch | |
| RT | Russian Federation |
| Kazakhstan | |
| Astrakhan Russian Federation | |
| Caspian Depression | |
| Volga region | |
| SN | W Caspian Depression, near mouth of Volga River. Indexed with former Soviet republics as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1985. |
| Astrakhan Russian Federation | |
|---|---|
| BT | Commonwealth of Independent States |
| .Russian Federation | |
| ..Astrakhan Russian Federation | |
| BT | Europe |
| .Astrakhan Russian Federation | |
| RT | Astrakhan Arch |
| SN | Oblast and city on NW Caspian Sea. Before 1993, Astrakhan Russian Republic was also used. This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| Astrapotheria | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chordata |
| .Vertebrata | |
| ..Tetrapoda | |
| ...Mammalia | |
| ....Theria | |
| .....Eutheria | |
| ......Astrapotheria | |
| SN | Order. |
| astroblemes | |
|---|---|
| BT | impact features |
| .astroblemes | |
| UF | fossil meteorite craters |
| RT | geomorphology |
| craters | |
| impact craters | |
| meteor craters | |
| astronomy | |
|---|---|
| SN | As of 1993, no longer a valid term for GeoRef. Usually out-of-scope. Used with astrophysics and solar physics or planetology. |
| astrophyllite | |
|---|---|
| BT | silicates |
| .sheet silicates | |
| ..astrophyllite | |
| astrophysics and solar physics | |
|---|---|
| SN | As of 1993, no longer a valid term for GeoRef. Usually out-of-scope. Used for special bibliographies. |
| Astrorhizidae | |
|---|---|
| BT | Invertebrata |
| .Protista | |
| ..Foraminifera | |
| ...Textulariina | |
| ....Ammodiscacea | |
| .....Astrorhizidae | |
| RT | microfossils |
| SN | Family. Indexed with microfossils if applicable. |
| Asturian Arc | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Southern Europe | |
| ..Iberian Peninsula | |
| ...Spain | |
| ....Asturian Arc | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1981. |
| Asturian Massif | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Southern Europe | |
| ..Iberian Peninsula | |
| ...Spain | |
| ....Asturias Spain | |
| .....Asturian Massif | |
| SN | In NW Spain. |
| Asturian Orogenic Phase | |
|---|---|
| USE | Asturian Orogeny |
| Asturian Orogeny | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Paleozoic | |
| ...Carboniferous | |
| ....Asturian Orogeny | |
| UF | Asturian Orogenic Phase |
| RT | orogeny |
| tectonics | |
| Europe | |
| Hercynian Orogeny | |
| Stephanian | |
| Westphalian | |
| SN | Before 1978, search Asturian AND orogeny. |
| Asturias Spain | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Southern Europe | |
| ..Iberian Peninsula | |
| ...Spain | |
| ....Asturias Spain | |
| NT | Asturian Massif |
| Aviles Spain | |
| La Caridad Spain | |
| UF | Oviedo Spain |
| RT | Cantabrian Basin |
| Cantabrian Mountains | |
| SN | Region now an autonomous community and province which was an ancient kingdom in NW Spain. |
| Asturreta | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Southern Europe | |
| ..Iberian Peninsula | |
| ...Spain | |
| ....Navarra Spain | |
| .....Asturreta | |
| RT | Navarre |
| SN | Region in N Spain. |
| Asu River Group | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Mesozoic | |
| ...Cretaceous | |
| ....Asu River Group | |
| RT | Nigeria |
| Benue Valley | |
| SN | In the Benue Valley. Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| Asuka Meteorites | |
|---|---|
| BT | meteorites |
| .Asuka Meteorites | |
| RT | Antarctica |
| Queen Maud Land | |
| Sor-Rondane Mountains | |
| SN | Collected from bare icefields around Sor-Rondane Mountains, Queen Maud Land, East Antarctica from 1986. Due to abbreviations for these meteorites, such as Asuka-881757 also search Asuka in combination with number. |
| Aswan Dam | |
|---|---|
| BT | Africa |
| .North Africa | |
| ..Egypt | |
| ...Aswan Dam | |
| RT | Nile River |
| SN | Includes Aswan High Dam on Nile River creating Lake Nasser in SE Egypt. Added to Thesaurus in 1995. |
| Aswan Egypt | |
|---|---|
| BT | Africa |
| .North Africa | |
| ..Egypt | |
| ...Aswan Egypt | |
| NT | Kom Ombo Egypt |
| SN | Governorate. Also a city on the Mediterranean Sea. |
| asymmetric distribution | |
|---|---|
| RT | distribution |
| statistical analysis | |
| statistical distribution | |
| symmetry | |
| SN | A type of statistical distribution. Added to Thesaurus in 1982. |
| asymmetric folds | |
|---|---|
| BT | folds |
| .asymmetric folds | |
| RT | symmetric folds |
| SN | Before 1978, also search folds AND asymmetric. |
| asymmetry | |
|---|---|
| USE | symmetry |
| At | |
|---|---|
| USE | astatine |
| Ata Caldera | |
|---|---|
| RT | Japan |
| Kyushu | |
| Polynesia | |
| Tonga | |
| volcanoes | |
| SN | Volcanic caldera on southern Kyushu, Japan. Also a caldera on uninhabited island of Ata, S Tonga. Search in combination with Kyushu or with Tonga as applicable. Indexed with Kyushu or Tonga as applicable. |
| Atacama Chile | |
|---|---|
| BT | South America |
| .Chile | |
| ..Atacama Chile | |
| NT | Copiapo Chile |
| RT | Atacama Desert |
| Copiapo River | |
| Vaca Muerta Meteorite | |
| SN | Province in N central Chile. |
| Atacama Desert | |
|---|---|
| BT | South America |
| .Chile | |
| ..Atacama Desert | |
| RT | Puna |
| Antofagasta Chile | |
| Atacama Chile | |
| SN | N central part of country. Indexed with provinces as applicable. |
| atacamite | |
|---|---|
| BT | halides |
| .chlorides | |
| ..atacamite | |
| RT | paratacamite |
| Atascosa County Texas | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Texas | |
| ..Atascosa County Texas | |
| SN | SW Texas. |
| Atasu Kazakhstan | |
|---|---|
| BT | Commonwealth of Independent States |
| .Kazakhstan | |
| ..Atasu Kazakhstan | |
| SN | Village in central Kazakhstan, NW of Lake Balkhash. This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| ataxite | |
|---|---|
| BT | meteorites |
| .iron meteorites | |
| ..ataxite | |
| NT | Campo del Cielo Meteorite |
| Warburton Meteorite | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1981. |
| Ataxophragmiidae | |
|---|---|
| BT | Invertebrata |
| .Protista | |
| ..Foraminifera | |
| ...Textulariina | |
| ....Lituolacea | |
| .....Ataxophragmiidae | |
| RT | microfossils |
| SN | Family. Indexed with microfossils if applicable. |
| Atbay | |
|---|---|
| USE | Red Sea Hills |
| Atchafalaya Bay | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Louisiana | |
| ..Atchafalaya Bay | |
| RT | Gulf of Mexico |
| Belle Isle | |
| Gulf Coastal Plain | |
| Saint Mary Parish Louisiana | |
| Terrebonne Parish Louisiana | |
| SN | On the Gulf of Mexico off Saint Mary and Terrebonne parishes. |
| Atchafalaya River | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Louisiana | |
| ..Atchafalaya River | |
| SN | S central Louisiana. Flows from Grand Lake N to Red River. Added to Thesaurus in 1985. |
| Atchison County Kansas | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Kansas | |
| ..Atchison County Kansas | |
| NT | Atchison Kansas |
| SN | NE Kansas. |
| Atchison County Missouri | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Missouri | |
| ..Atchison County Missouri | |
| SN | Extreme NW Missouri. |
| Atchison Kansas | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Kansas | |
| ..Atchison County Kansas | |
| ...Atchison Kansas | |
| SN | City in NE Kansas. |
| Atdabanian | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Paleozoic | |
| ...Cambrian | |
| ....Lower Cambrian | |
| .....Atdabanian | |
| SN | Russian Federation, Canada. Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| atectonic processes | |
|---|---|
| UF | nontectonics |
| RT | sedimentation |
| tectonics | |
| processes | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1981. |
| Atera Fault | |
|---|---|
| BT | nshu |
| .Gifu Japan | |
| ..Atera Fault | |
| SN | Gifu Prefecture in central Honshu. |
| Athabasca District | |
|---|---|
| BT | Canada |
| .Western Canada | |
| ..Athabasca District | |
| UF | Athabaska District |
| RT | Alberta |
| Saskatchewan | |
| Lake Athabasca | |
| Midwest Lake | |
| Midwest Lake Deposits | |
| SN | N Saskatchewan and Alberta. Indexed with Canadian provinces. Added to Thesaurus in 1981. |
| Athabasca Formation | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Precambrian | |
| ..Proterozoic | |
| ...Athabasca Formation | |
| RT | Saskatchewan |
| Churchill Province | |
| SN | Primarily an orthoquartzite. Outcrops over a large area S of Lake Athabasca in Churchill Province. Added to Thesaurus in 1981. |
| Athabasca Glacier | |
|---|---|
| BT | Canada |
| .Western Canada | |
| ..Alberta | |
| ...Athabasca Glacier | |
| UF | Athabaska Glacier |
| RT | Canadian Rocky Mountains |
| SN | In Rocky Mountains between Jasper and Banff national parks near the British Columbia border. |
| Athabasca Oil Sands | |
|---|---|
| BT | Canada |
| .Western Canada | |
| ..Alberta | |
| ...Athabasca Oil Sands | |
| UF | Athabaska Oil Sands |
| RT | Clearwater Formation |
| McMurray Formation | |
| SN | In E Alberta. One of the largest petroleum reservoirs in the world. Oil is found in the McMurray, Clearwater, and Grand Rapids formations. Added to Thesaurus in 1981. |
| Athabasca River | |
|---|---|
| BT | Canada |
| .Western Canada | |
| ..Alberta | |
| ...Athabasca River | |
| UF | Athabaska River |
| RT | Clearwater River |
| SN | Flows into Lake Athabasca. |
| Athabaska District | |
|---|---|
| USE | Athabasca District |
| Athabaska Glacier | |
|---|---|
| USE | Athabasca Glacier |
| Athabaska Oil Sands | |
|---|---|
| USE | Athabasca Oil Sands |
| Athabaska River | |
|---|---|
| USE | Athabasca River |
| Athens County Ohio | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Ohio | |
| ..Athens County Ohio | |
| NT | Athens Ohio |
| SN | SE Ohio. |
| Athens Georgia | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Georgia | |
| ..Clarke County Georgia | |
| ...Athens Georgia | |
| SN | City in NE Georgia. |
| Athens Greece | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Southern Europe | |
| ..Greece | |
| ...Sterea Ellas | |
| ....Attica Greece | |
| .....Athens Greece | |
| SN | City in central Greece. |
| Athens Ohio | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Ohio | |
| ..Athens County Ohio | |
| ...Athens Ohio | |
| SN | City in SE Ohio. |
| Athgarh Sandstone | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Mesozoic | |
| ...Jurassic | |
| ....Athgarh Sandstone | |
| RT | India |
| upper Gondwana System | |
| SN | Sandstones of this formation are also grouped as part of Cuttack Stage. Part of Upper Gondwana sequence of the E coast. |
| Atikokan Ontario | |
|---|---|
| BT | Canada |
| .Eastern Canada | |
| ..Ontario | |
| ...Rainy River District Ontario | |
| ....Atikokan Ontario | |
| RT | Eye-Dashwa Lakes Pluton |
| SN | Rainy River District, W Ontario. |
| ation#Mediterranean region#Melilla#Meseta#Navarre#North Pyrenean Fault#Ossa-More |
|---|
| Atkinson County Georgia | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Georgia | |
| ..Atkinson County Georgia | |
| Atla Regio | |
|---|---|
| BT | Venus |
| .Aphrodite Terra | |
| ..Atla Regio | |
| SN | Broad volcanic upland dome, E Aphrodite Terra. |
| Atlanta Georgia | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Georgia | |
| ..Fulton County Georgia | |
| ...Atlanta Georgia | |
| SN | City in N central Georgia. |
| Atlantic | |
|---|---|
| BT | locene |
| .Atlantic | |
| SN | Used primarily in Europe for an interval of postglacial time following the Boreal and preceding the Subboreal. It corresponds to most of the Altithermal and the middle part of the Hypsithermal. |
| Atlantic Coast | |
|---|---|
| SN | Not a valid term for GeoRef. Search Atlantic Coast OR Atlantic Ocean in conjunction with appropriate country or state. See also Atlantic region. |
| Atlantic Coastal Plain | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Atlantic Coastal Plain | |
| NT | Central Atlantic Coastal Plain |
| Southern Atlantic Coastal Plain | |
| RT | New York |
| Florida | |
| North Carolina | |
| Maryland | |
| Georgia | |
| AMCOR | |
| Massachusetts | |
| Fall Line | |
| Delaware | |
| Baltimore Canyon | |
| Carolina Bays | |
| Chesapeake Bay | |
| Connecticut | |
| Dunbarton Basin | |
| Lydonia Canyon | |
| Middendorf Formation | |
| Middle Atlantic Bight | |
| New Jersey | |
| New York Bight | |
| Outer Ban | |
| SN | As of 1993, restricted to U.S. Indexed with states as applicable. |
| Atlantic County New Jersey | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .New Jersey | |
| ..Atlantic County New Jersey | |
| RT | Great Bay |
| Pine Barrens | |
| SN | SE New Jersey. |
| Atlantic Margin Coring Project | |
|---|---|
| USE | AMCOR |
| Atlantic Ocean | |
|---|---|
| NT | East Atlantic |
| Equatorial Atlantic | |
| Mid-Atlantic Ridge | |
| North Atlantic | |
| Romanche fracture zone | |
| Romanche Trench | |
| South Atlantic | |
| West Atlantic | |
| RT | Antarctic Bottom Water |
| Antarctic Ocean | |
| Ascension Island | |
| Atlantic Ocean Islands | |
| Atlantic region | |
| Baffin Bay | |
| Blake-Bahama Formation | |
| Continental Offshore Stratigraphic Test | |
| Davis Strait | |
| Faeroe Islands | |
| Falkland Islands | |
| FAMOUS | |
| Gulf Stream | |
| Hare Bay | |
| Hatteras Form | |
| SN | Before 1981, many islands which are now included under Atlantic Ocean Islands were also included as narrower terms of Atlantic Ocean. For several others, the change was made in 1985. Also see Antarctic Ocean for S portion. |
| Atlantic Ocean Islands | |
|---|---|
| NT | Ascension Island |
| Azores | |
| Bermuda | |
| Bouvet Island | |
| Canary Islands | |
| Cape Verde Islands | |
| Faeroe Islands | |
| Falkland Islands | |
| Madeira | |
| Saint Paul Rocks | |
| Saint Pierre and Miquelon | |
| Sao Tome e Principe | |
| Shetland Islands | |
| South Georgia | |
| Tristan da Cunha | |
| RT | Atlantic Ocean |
| Denmark | |
| English Channel Islands | |
| Florida Keys | |
| Greenland | |
| Hebrides | |
| Iceland | |
| Ireland | |
| Isles Dernieres | |
| Lofoten Islands | |
| Long Island | |
| Los Islands | |
| Magdalen Islands | |
| Newfoundland Island | |
| Orkney Islands | |
| Outer Banks | |
| Saint Helena | |
| Scotia Sea Islands | |
| Solund I | |
| SN | This term is used for islands and island groups which could not easily be assigned to adjacent land areas. Before 1981, many of these islands and island groups were also narrower terms of Atlantic Ocean. Added to Thesaurus in 1981. |
| Atlantic region | |
|---|---|
| RT | Atlantic Ocean |
| Laurentia | |
| SN | An artificial term used to indicate the coastal region immediately adjacent to the Atlantic Ocean . Includes land and the immediate littoral zone. In the U.S. Atlantic Coastal Plain may be used. Added to Thesaurus in 1976. |
| Atlantic-type margins | |
|---|---|
| USE | passive margins |
| Atlantis | |
|---|---|
| RT | popular geology |
| SN | Legendary island or continent said to have been destroyed by a cataclysm. Added to Thesaurus in 1981. |
| Atlantis fracture zone | |
|---|---|
| BT | Atlantic Ocean |
| .North Atlantic | |
| ..Atlantis fracture zone | |
| RT | Mid-Atlantic Ridge |
| SN | Across the Mid-Atlantic Ridge in N Atlantic Ocean. Indexed with Mid-Atlantic Ridge as applicable. |
| Atlantis II | |
|---|---|
| BT | Atlantic Ocean |
| .North Atlantic | |
| ..Atlantis II | |
| SN | Seamounts off U.S. E coast roughly midway between Nova Scotia and Bermuda. |
| Atlantis II Deep | |
|---|---|
| BT | Indian Ocean |
| .Red Sea | |
| ..Atlantis II Deep | |
| RT | DSDP Site 226 |
| DSDP Site 227 | |
| Atlantis II fracture zone | |
|---|---|
| BT | Indian Ocean |
| .Atlantis II fracture zone | |
| RT | Leg 118 |
| Leg 176 | |
| ODP Site 732 | |
| ODP Site 733 | |
| ODP Site 734 | |
| ODP Site 735 | |
| Southwest Indian Ridge | |
| SN | N Southwest Indian Ridge, SW Indian Ocean. Added to Thesaurus in 1995. |
| Atlantis Seamount | |
|---|---|
| BT | Atlantic Ocean |
| .North Atlantic | |
| ..Atlantis Seamount | |
| SN | SW of the Azores. Before 1981, search Atlantis. Added to Thesaurus in 1981. |
| atlas | |
|---|---|
| RT | catalogs |
| glossaries | |
| maps | |
| publications | |
| report | |
| Atlas Mountains | |
|---|---|
| BT | Africa |
| .North Africa | |
| ..Atlas Mountains | |
| NT | Moroccan Atlas Mountains |
| RT | Algeria |
| Babor Range | |
| Morocco | |
| Tunisia | |
| SN | Mountain system of NW and N Africa extending from SW Morocco to NE Tunisia. Also search Atlas AND appropriate area. Indexed with countries as applicable. |
| Atlin British Columbia | |
|---|---|
| BT | Canada |
| .Western Canada | |
| ..British Columbia | |
| ...Atlin British Columbia | |
| SN | Village near Alaska border NE of Juneau in NW British Columbia. |
| atmosphere | |
|---|---|
| RT | aerosols |
| air | |
| air-sea interface | |
| angular momentum | |
| ash clouds | |
| atmospheric precipitation | |
| atmospheric pressure | |
| atmospheric transport | |
| biosphere | |
| boundary interactions | |
| circulation | |
| climate | |
| convection | |
| convection currents | |
| cycles | |
| degassing | |
| Earth | |
| environmental geology | |
| SN | For studies dealing with geochemical changes (short-term or during geologic time), observations related to interactions with phenomena of the Earth's surface, and other geophysical aspects. For changes in prehistoric climate, see paleoclimatology. |
| atmospheric precipitation | |
|---|---|
| NT | rain |
| snow | |
| RT | atmosphere |
| climate | |
| drainage basins | |
| drought | |
| evapotranspiration | |
| hydrologic cycle | |
| hydrology | |
| meteorology | |
| moisture | |
| precipitation | |
| raindrops | |
| rainfall | |
| retention | |
| water | |
| SN | Before 1978, also search hydrology AND precipitation. |
| atmospheric pressure | |
|---|---|
| RT | altimetry |
| atmosphere | |
| pressure | |
| atmospheric transport | |
|---|---|
| RT | air-sea interface |
| atmosphere | |
| dust | |
| dust storms | |
| circulation | |
| eruptions | |
| fallout | |
| fines | |
| particulate materials | |
| pollutants | |
| transport | |
| volcanic ash | |
| wind transport | |
| SN | Also search atmosphere AND transport or wind transport. Indexed with the materials and wind transport if applicable. |
| Atoka County Oklahoma | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Oklahoma | |
| ..Atoka County Oklahoma | |
| SN | SE Oklahoma. |
| Atoka Formation | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Paleozoic | |
| ...Carboniferous | |
| ....Pennsylvanian | |
| .....Middle Pennsylvanian | |
| ......Atokan | |
| .......Atoka Formation | |
| RT | Oklahoma |
| Arkansas | |
| SN | Sandstone members: Coody (Coata), Pope Chapel, Georges Fork, Dirty Creek, Webbers Falls, and Blackjack School. Subdivided, in Arkansas, to include Greenland Sandstone Member at base. |
| Atokan | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Paleozoic | |
| ...Carboniferous | |
| ....Pennsylvanian | |
| .....Middle Pennsylvanian | |
| ......Atokan | |
| NT | Atoka Formation |
| RT | Manakacha Formation |
| Watahomigi Formation | |
| SN | Provincial series, North America: lower Middle Pennsylvanian. Above Morrowan, below Desmoinesian. |
| atolls | |
|---|---|
| BT | reefs |
| .atolls | |
| RT | Coelenterata |
| bioherms | |
| islands | |
| lagoons | |
| atomic absorption | |
|---|---|
| RT | absorption |
| analysis | |
| atomic absorption spectra | |
| chemical analysis | |
| spectroscopy | |
| atomic absorption spectra | |
|---|---|
| BT | spectra |
| .atomic absorption spectra | |
| UF | absorption spectra |
| RT | absorption |
| atomic absorption | |
| spectroscopy | |
| SN | Used for data. For methodology, use atomic absorption. Before 1985, also search atomic absorption AND spectra. Added to Thesaurus in 1985. |
| atomic energy | |
|---|---|
| USE | nuclear energy |
| atomic force microscopy | |
|---|---|
| RT | analysis |
| chemical analysis | |
| microscope methods | |
| scanning tunneling microscopy | |
| SN | Measures various forces on the atomic level. Used for the method only. Abbreviation AFM. Added to Thesaurus in 1995. |
| atomic packing | |
|---|---|
| RT | crystal structure |
| crystal systems | |
| crystallography | |
| mineralogy | |
| packing | |
| SN | Before 1978, also search packing. |
| Atotsugawa Fault | |
|---|---|
| BT | nshu |
| .Atotsugawa Fault | |
| RT | Hida Mountains |
| Hokuriku | |
| SN | Honshu, central Japan. Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| atrazine | |
|---|---|
| BT | pesticides |
| .herbicides | |
| ..triazines | |
| ...atrazine | |
| RT | agrochemicals |
| pollutants | |
| SN | 2-chloro-4-ethylamine-6-isopropylamino s-triazine. Added to Thesaurus in 1993. |
| Atrypa | |
|---|---|
| BT | Invertebrata |
| .Brachiopoda | |
| ..Articulata | |
| ...Spiriferida | |
| ....Atrypidae | |
| .....Atrypa | |
| SN | Genus. |
| Atrypidae | |
|---|---|
| BT | Invertebrata |
| .Brachiopoda | |
| ..Articulata | |
| ...Spiriferida | |
| ....Atrypidae | |
| NT | Atrypa |
| Atsumi Peninsula | |
|---|---|
| BT | nshu |
| .Aichi Japan | |
| ..Atsumi Peninsula | |
| SN | Pacific coast of Aichi Prefecture, S central Honshu. |
| Attala County Mississippi | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Mississippi | |
| ..Attala County Mississippi | |
| attapulgite | |
|---|---|
| USE | palygorskite |
| attenuation | |
|---|---|
| UF | damping |
| RT | seismology |
| backscattering | |
| elastic waves | |
| near-field spectra | |
| wave dispersion | |
| Atterberg limits | |
|---|---|
| UF | consistency limits |
| limits, Atterberg | |
| RT | rock mechanics |
| soil mechanics | |
| deformation | |
| plasticity | |
| Attica Greece | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Southern Europe | |
| ..Greece | |
| ...Sterea Ellas | |
| ....Attica Greece | |
| NT | Athens Greece |
| SN | Ancient division and state. Currently a department in E central Greece. |
| Attock Pakistan | |
|---|---|
| BT | Asia |
| .Indian Peninsula | |
| ..Pakistan | |
| ...Punjab Pakistan | |
| ....Attock Pakistan | |
| SN | Town in NW Punjab Province, W Pakistan. |
| attribute, seismic | |
|---|---|
| SN | Not a valid term for GeoRef. If applicable, index specific attributes and hydrocarbon indicators. See seismology or seismic methods. |
| Aturia | |
|---|---|
| BT | Invertebrata |
| .Mollusca | |
| ..Cephalopoda | |
| ...Tetrabranchiata | |
| ....Nautiloidea | |
| .....Aturia | |
| SN | Genus. |
| Au | |
|---|---|
| USE | gold |
| Aube France | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Western Europe | |
| ..France | |
| ...Aube France | |
| SN | Department in N central France. |
| Aubrac | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Western Europe | |
| ..France | |
| ...Aubrac | |
| SN | Mountain range in S central France. |
| aubrite | |
|---|---|
| USE | chladnite |
| Auckland Islands | |
|---|---|
| BT | West Pacific Ocean Islands |
| .Auckland Islands | |
| SN | 200 miles south of New Zealand. |
| Auckland New Zealand | |
|---|---|
| BT | Australasia |
| .New Zealand | |
| ..Auckland New Zealand | |
| RT | North Island |
| SN | City in N North Island. Also Index North Island. |
| Aude France | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Western Europe | |
| ..France | |
| ...Aude France | |
| NT | Corbieres |
| Mouthoumet Massif | |
| Narbonne France | |
| Portel France | |
| Quillan France | |
| Salsigne Mine | |
| RT | Montagne Noire |
| audio-magnetotelluric methods | |
|---|---|
| USE | audiomagnetotelluric methods |
| audiomagnetotelluric methods | |
|---|---|
| NT | CSAMT methods |
| UF | audio-magnetotelluric methods |
| RT | geophysical methods |
| geophysical surveys | |
| magnetic methods | |
| Earth-current methods | |
| magnetotelluric methods | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1985. |
| Audrain County Missouri | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Missouri | |
| ..Audrain County Missouri | |
| Audubon County Iowa | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Iowa | |
| ..Audubon County Iowa | |
| augen gneiss | |
|---|---|
| BT | metamorphic rocks |
| .gneisses | |
| ..augen gneiss | |
| Auger effect | |
|---|---|
| USE | Auger spectroscopy |
| Auger spectroscopy | |
|---|---|
| BT | spectroscopy |
| .Auger spectroscopy | |
| UF | Auger effect |
| autoionization | |
| RT | chemical analysis |
| analysis | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1982. |
| augite | |
|---|---|
| BT | silicates |
| .chain silicates | |
| ..pyroxene group | |
| ...clinopyroxene | |
| ....augite | |
| RT | basalts |
| fassaite | |
| omphacite | |
| titanaugite | |
| augitite | |
|---|---|
| BT | igneous rocks |
| .plutonic rocks | |
| ..ultramafics | |
| ...augitite | |
| Auglaize County Ohio | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Ohio | |
| ..Auglaize County Ohio | |
| Augusta County Virginia | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Virginia | |
| ..Augusta County Virginia | |
| RT | Waynesboro Virginia |
| SN | NW Virginia. Also search Staunton Virginia and/or Waynesboro Virginia if applicable. |
| Augusta Maine | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Maine | |
| ..Kennebec County Maine | |
| ...Augusta Maine | |
| SN | City in S Maine. |
| Augustine | |
|---|---|
| UF | Augustine Volcano |
| RT | volcanoes |
| Southwestern Alaska | |
| Cook Inlet | |
| SN | Volcano on Augustine Island in Kamishak Bay at mouth of Cook Inlet in S Alaska. Indexed with Southwestern Alaska if applicable. |
| Augustine Volcano | |
|---|---|
| USE | Augustine |
| Augustow Poland | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Central Europe | |
| ..Poland | |
| ...Suwalki Poland | |
| ....Augustow Poland | |
| SN | Town in NE Suwalki, NE Poland. |
| aulacogens | |
|---|---|
| RT | grabens |
| tectonics | |
| troughs | |
| Aures | |
|---|---|
| BT | Africa |
| .North Africa | |
| ..Algeria | |
| ...Aures | |
| SN | Mountain massif in NE Algeria. |
| Aurignacian | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Cenozoic | |
| ...Stone Age | |
| ....Paleolithic | |
| .....Aurignacian | |
| RT | Pleistocene |
| archaeology | |
| Quaternary | |
| SN | Archaeological classification. Europe and N Africa. Added to Thesaurus in 1985. |
| aurora | |
|---|---|
| SN | As of 1993, no longer a valid term for GeoRef. Usually out-of-scope. |
| Aurora County South Dakota | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .South Dakota | |
| ..Aurora County South Dakota | |
| auroral oval | |
|---|---|
| SN | As of 1993, no longer a valid term. Usually out-of-scope for GeoRef. |
| auroral zone | |
|---|---|
| SN | No longer a valid term. Usually out-of-scope for GeoRef. Before 1993, included auroral oval. |
| Austin Chalk | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Mesozoic | |
| ...Cretaceous | |
| ....Upper Cretaceous | |
| .....Gulfian | |
| ......Austin Chalk | |
| RT | Louisiana |
| Texas | |
| Austin Group | |
| SN | Member of the Austin Group. E Texas and S Louisiana. Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| Austin County Texas | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Texas | |
| ..Austin County Texas | |
| Austin Group | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Mesozoic | |
| ...Cretaceous | |
| ....Upper Cretaceous | |
| .....Gulfian | |
| ......Austin Group | |
| RT | Texas |
| Austin Chalk | |
| SN | Comprises Ector Tongue, Bonham Clay, Blossom Sand, Brownstone Marl, Gober Tongue, Austin Chalk, and Burditt Marl. E Texas. Also search Austin Chalk. |
| Austin Texas | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Texas | |
| ..Travis County Texas | |
| ...Austin Texas | |
| SN | City in central Texas. |
| austinite | |
|---|---|
| BT | arsenates |
| .austinite | |
| Austral Islands | |
|---|---|
| BT | Oceania |
| .Polynesia | |
| ..French Polynesia | |
| ...Austral Islands | |
| UF | Tubuai Islands |
| RT | East Pacific Ocean Islands |
| Pacific Ocean | |
| SN | Group in French Oceania 330 miles S of Society Islands. Also search Austral. |
| Australasia | |
|---|---|
| NT | Australia |
| New Zealand | |
| Papua New Guinea | |
| Tasman orogenic zone | |
| RT | Malay Archipelago |
| New Guinea | |
| Oceania | |
| Solomon Islands | |
| SN | Islands of the South Pacific including Australia, New Zealand, and Papua New Guinea. Before 1981, New Guinea was included as a narrower term. Indexed with countries as applicable. |
| Australia-Antarctica discordance | |
|---|---|
| USE | Australian-Antarctic discordance |
| Australian Capital Territory | |
|---|---|
| BT | Australasia |
| .Australia | |
| ..New South Wales Australia | |
| ...Australian Capital Territory | |
| NT | Canberra Australia |
| SN | SE Australia, within state of New South Wales. Formerly called Federal Capital Territory. |
| Australian Plate | |
|---|---|
| RT | Australia |
| Australian-Antarctic discordance | |
| Indo-Australian Plate | |
| New Guinea | |
| New Zealand | |
| plate tectonics | |
| plates | |
| SN | May pre-date the more modern Indo-Australian Plate. Some may consider this the modern plate. Before 1993, also search Indian Plate and Australia. Indexed with geographic area and/or age as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1993. |
| Australian Shield | |
|---|---|
| BT | Australasia |
| .Australia | |
| ..Australian Shield | |
| SN | SW and central Australia. |
| Australian-Antarctic discor |
|---|
| Australian-Antarctic discordance | |
|---|---|
| BT | Indian Ocean |
| .Mid-Indian Ridge | |
| ..Southeast Indian Ridge | |
| ...Australian-Antarctic discordance | |
| UF | Australia-Antarctica discordance |
| RT | plate tectonics |
| plates | |
| Antarctic Plate | |
| mid-ocean ridges | |
| Australian Plate | |
| Indo-Australian Plate | |
| SN | An anomalously deep and rough segment of the Southeast Indian Ridge, 120-128#DGE. Before 1998, also search (Antarctic Plate or Australian Plate) AND Southeast Indian Ridge. |
| australite | |
|---|---|
| BT | tektites |
| .australite | |
| RT | meteorites |
| Australopithecinae | |
|---|---|
| BT | minidae |
| .Australopithecinae | |
| NT | Australopithecus |
| SN | Subfamily. |
| Australopithecus | |
|---|---|
| BT | minidae |
| .Australopithecinae | |
| ..Australopithecus | |
| NT | Australopithecus afarensis |
| Australopithecus africanus | |
| Australopithecus boisei | |
| Australopithecus robustus | |
| SN | Genus. |
| Australopithecus afarensis | |
|---|---|
| BT | minidae |
| .Australopithecinae | |
| ..Australopithecus | |
| ...Australopithecus afarensis | |
| SN | Species. |
| Australopithecus africanus | |
|---|---|
| BT | minidae |
| .Australopithecinae | |
| ..Australopithecus | |
| ...Australopithecus africanus | |
| SN | Species. |
| Australopithecus boisei | |
|---|---|
| BT | minidae |
| .Australopithecinae | |
| ..Australopithecus | |
| ...Australopithecus boisei | |
| SN | Species. |
| Australopithecus robustus | |
|---|---|
| BT | minidae |
| .Australopithecinae | |
| ..Australopithecus | |
| ...Australopithecus robustus | |
| SN | Species. |
| Austrian Vienna Basin | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Central Europe | |
| ..Austria | |
| ...Austrian Vienna Basin | |
| BT | Europe |
| .Central Europe | |
| ..Vienna Basin | |
| ...Austrian Vienna Basin | |
| SN | This term has multiple hierarchies. Added to Thesaurus in 1981. |
| Autauga County Alabama | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Alabama | |
| ..Autauga County Alabama | |
| authigenesis | |
|---|---|
| RT | authigenic minerals |
| diagenesis | |
| minerals | |
| recrystallization | |
| sedimentary rocks | |
| authigenetic minerals | |
|---|---|
| USE | authigenic minerals |
| authigenic minerals | |
|---|---|
| UF | authigenetic minerals |
| RT | minerals |
| authigenesis | |
| SN | Also search authigenic AND minerals. |
| authors | |
|---|---|
| SN | Used in subfile N. See bibliography; biography; geologists. |
| autochthons | |
|---|---|
| RT | allochthons |
| overthrust faults | |
| tectonics | |
| windows | |
| autocorrelation | |
|---|---|
| BT | statistical analysis |
| .autocorrelation | |
| RT | mathematical geology |
| crosscorrelation | |
| autoionization | |
|---|---|
| USE | Auger spectroscopy |
| automated analysis | |
|---|---|
| RT | analysis |
| chemical analysis | |
| data processing | |
| geochemical methods | |
| geophysical methods | |
| geophysical surveys | |
| quality control | |
| remote sensing | |
| SN | For chemical analysis and geophysical surveys in which data acquisition and analysis are computerized. Added to Thesaurus in 1985. |
| automatic cartography | |
|---|---|
| USE | digital cartography |
| automatic data processing | |
|---|---|
| USE | data processing |
| autometamorphism | |
|---|---|
| BT | metamorphism |
| .autometamorphism | |
| UF | autometasomatism |
| RT | igneous rocks |
| processes | |
| albitization | |
| alteration | |
| hydrothermal alteration | |
| mineral assemblages | |
| autometasomatism | |
|---|---|
| USE | autometamorphism |
| autoradiography | |
|---|---|
| BT | radiography |
| .autoradiography | |
| RT | geophysical methods |
| analysis | |
| radioactivity | |
| X-ray radiography | |
| SN | Before 2000, sometimes used for radiography. |
| autoregression | |
|---|---|
| BT | statistical analysis |
| .regression analysis | |
| ..autoregression | |
| RT | mathematical geology |
| geostatistics | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1985. |
| Autun France | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Western Europe | |
| ..France | |
| ...Saone-et-Loire France | |
| ....Autun France | |
| SN | Town in E central part of country. |
| Autunian | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Paleozoic | |
| ...Permian | |
| ....Lower Permian | |
| .....Autunian | |
| RT | Rotliegendes |
| SN | Europe. Above Stephanian, below Saxonian. |
| autunite | |
|---|---|
| BT | phosphates |
| .autunite | |
| RT | uranium ores |
| Auvergne | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Western Europe | |
| ..France | |
| ...Auvergne | |
| SN | Historical region in S central France. |
| Auversian | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Cenozoic | |
| ...Paleogene | |
| ....Eocene | |
| .....upper Eocene | |
| ......Auversian | |
| RT | Priabonian |
| SN | Europe. Above Lutetian, below Bartonian. |
| Aux Vases Sandstone | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Paleozoic | |
| ...Carboniferous | |
| ....Mississippian | |
| .....Upper Mississippian | |
| ......Chesterian | |
| .......Aux Vases Sandstone | |
| RT | Missouri |
| Illinois | |
| Indiana | |
| Illinois Basin | |
| SN | SW Illinois, S Indiana and E Missouri. Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| Auxerre France | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Western Europe | |
| ..France | |
| ...Yonne France | |
| ....Auxerre France | |
| SN | City in NE central France. |
| Avacha | |
|---|---|
| BT | Commonwealth of Independent States |
| .Russian Federation | |
| ..Kamchatka Russian Federation | |
| ...Avacha | |
| UF | Avacha Volcano |
| RT | volcanoes |
| Kamchatka Peninsula | |
| SN | Active volcano on S Kamchatka Peninsula. This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| Avacha Volcano | |
|---|---|
| USE | Avacha |
| avalanches | |
|---|---|
| BT | mass movements |
| .avalanches | |
| RT | slope stability |
| acoustical emissions | |
| geomorphology | |
| geologic hazards | |
| debris avalanches | |
| landslides | |
| Avallon France | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Western Europe | |
| ..France | |
| ...Yonne France | |
| ....Avallon France | |
| SN | Town in NE central France. |
| Avalon |
|---|
| Avalon Peninsula | |
|---|---|
| BT | Canada |
| .Eastern Canada | |
| ..Newfoundland | |
| ...Newfoundland Island | |
| ....Avalon Peninsula | |
| SN | SW of Saint John's. |
| Avalon Terrane | |
|---|---|
| USE | Avalon Zone |
| Avalon Zone | |
|---|---|
| UF | Avalon Terrane |
| RT | South Carolina |
| Appalachians | |
| Newfoundland Island | |
| North Carolina | |
| New Brunswick | |
| Georgia | |
| Massachusetts | |
| New Hampshire | |
| Maine | |
| Nova Scotia | |
| Connecticut | |
| Avalonia | |
| Avalonian Orogeny | |
| Cape Breton Island | |
| Carolina slate belt | |
| Rhode Island | |
| SN | Continental sliver that extends from the Avalon Peninsula of Newfoundland to N Nova Scotia, through coastal New Brunswick, Maine, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and E Connecticut. Some find evidence that it extends to the Carolina slate belt. |
| Avalonia | |
|---|---|
| RT | Avalon Zone |
| Great Britain | |
| Canada | |
| England | |
| Ireland | |
| North America | |
| plate tectonics | |
| United States | |
| Wales | |
| SN | Paleocontinent which separated from Gondwana in the lower Paleozoic. Western Avalonia is used in E North America; Eastern Avalonia, in the S British Isles. Indexed with ages, countries and continents as applicable. |
| Avalonian Orogenic Phase | |
|---|---|
| USE | Avalonian Orogeny |
| Avalonian Orogeny | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Precambrian | |
| ..Avalonian Orogeny | |
| UF | Avalonian Orogenic Phase |
| RT | orogeny |
| North America | |
| Avalon Zone | |
| SN | Used in connection with orogenic event near the end of Precambrian time along E border of North America. Named for the Avalon Peninsula in SE Newfoundland. Before 1978, search Avalonian AND orogeny. |
| Avawatz Mountains | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .California | |
| ..San Bernardino County California | |
| ...Avawatz Mountains | |
| SN | S California. Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| Avery County North Carolina | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .North Carolina | |
| ..Avery County North Carolina | |
| Avery Island | |
|---|---|
| RT | Gulf Coastal Plain |
| Iberia Parish Louisiana | |
| Louisiana | |
| Mississippi Delta | |
| SN | Island surrounded by marsh, S Iberia Parish, Louisiana. Also a town. As of 1993, use Avery Island Louisiana for the town. Indexed with Iberia Parish Louisiana if applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1985. |
| Aves | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chordata |
| .Vertebrata | |
| ..Tetrapoda | |
| ...Aves | |
| NT | Archaeornithes |
| Neornithes | |
| RT | flight |
| nests | |
| eggs | |
| feathers | |
| SN | Class. |
| Aves Island | |
|---|---|
| BT | South America |
| .Venezuela | |
| ..Venezuelan Islands | |
| ...Aves Island | |
| UF | Bird Island (Venezuela) |
| RT | Caribbean Sea |
| Caribbean region | |
| SN | Uninhabited Venezuelan island just East of Bonaire, Netherlands Antilles. |
| Aves Ridge | |
|---|---|
| BT | Atlantic Ocean |
| .North Atlantic | |
| ..Caribbean Sea | |
| ...Aves Ridge | |
| RT | DSDP Site 30 |
| Leg 15 | |
| SN | S of Aves Island in W Caribbean Sea. |
| Aveyron France | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Western Europe | |
| ..France | |
| ...Aveyron France | |
| NT | Decazeville France |
| RT | Central Massif |
| Rodez Trough | |
| Rouergue | |
| SN | Department in S central France. |
| AVHRR | |
|---|---|
| BT | airborne methods |
| .AVHRR | |
| BT | geophysical methods |
| .infrared methods | |
| ..AVHRR | |
| UF | Advanced Very-High Resolution Radiometry |
| RT | instruments |
| remote sensing | |
| high-resolution methods | |
| satellite methods | |
| SN | Acronym. This term has multiple hierarchies. For surveys, also index the area. Added to Thesaurus in 1995. |
| aviation | |
|---|---|
| SN | Not a valid term for GeoRef. Use aircraft if applicable. For ground facilities, use airports. |
| aviation facilities | |
|---|---|
| USE | airports |
| Avila City Spain | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Southern Europe | |
| ..Iberian Peninsula | |
| ...Spain | |
| ....Castilla y Leon Spain | |
| .....Avila Spain | |
| ......Avila City Spain | |
| SN | Refers to only the city in W central Spain. Before 1981, also search Avila Spain. |
| Avila Spain | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Southern Europe | |
| ..Iberian Peninsula | |
| ...Spain | |
| ....Castilla y Leon Spain | |
| .....Avila Spain | |
| NT | Avila City Spain |
| RT | Castile Spain |
| Old Castile Spain | |
| Sierra de Gredos | |
| Sierra de Guadarrama | |
| SN | Refers only to the province in W central Spain. From 1981-1992, also search Avila Province and Spain. For the city, see Avila City Spain. |
| Aviles Spain | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Southern Europe | |
| ..Iberian Peninsula | |
| ...Spain | |
| ....Asturias Spain | |
| .....Aviles Spain | |
| SN | City on the Bay of Biscay. |
| AVIRIS | |
|---|---|
| BT | spectroscopy |
| .AVIRIS | |
| BT | airborne methods |
| .AVIRIS | |
| BT | geophysical methods |
| .infrared methods | |
| ..AVIRIS | |
| UF | Airborne Visible-Infrared Imaging Spectrometer |
| RT | instruments |
| remote sensing | |
| multispectral scanner | |
| high-resolution methods | |
| imagery | |
| SN | Acronym. Use for the instrument or method. This term has multiple hierarchies. For surveys, also index geophysical surveys. Added to Thesaurus in 1995. |
| AVO methods | |
|---|---|
| UF | amplitude variation with offset |
| amplitude-versus-offset analysis | |
| RT | geophysical methods |
| geophones | |
| reflection methods | |
| seismic methods | |
| amplitude | |
| hydrocarbon indicators | |
| SN | Seismic technique frequently used in hydrocarbon exploration. Before 1993, also search offset and amplitude. Added to Thesaurus in 1993. |
| Avon England | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Western Europe | |
| ..United Kingdom | |
| ...Great Britain | |
| ....England | |
| .....Avon England | |
| NT | Bath England |
| Bristol England | |
| RT | Cotswold Hills |
| Gloucestershire England | |
| Somerset England | |
| SN | County, SW England. Formed in 1975 from Gloucestershire and Somerset. |
| Avonian | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Paleozoic | |
| ...Carboniferous | |
| ....Avonian | |
| RT | Dinantian |
| Culm | |
| SN | Europe. |
| Avoyelles Parish Louisiana | |
|---|---|
| BT | United States |
| .Louisiana | |
| ..Avoyelles Parish Louisiana | |
| avulsion | |
|---|---|
| RT | erosion |
| meanders | |
| oxbow lakes | |
| rivers | |
| rivers and streams | |
| sedimentation | |
| storms | |
| stream capture | |
| streams | |
| waterways | |
| Awamoan | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Cenozoic | |
| ...Neogene | |
| ....Miocene | |
| .....lower Miocene | |
| ......Awamoan | |
| UF | Awamoan Stage |
| SN | Stage. New Zealand. |
| Awamoan Stage | |
|---|---|
| USE | Awamoan |
| awareness, public | |
|---|---|
| USE | public awareness |
| awaruite | |
|---|---|
| BT | alloys |
| .awaruite | |
| RT | iron |
| nickel | |
| Awash Valley | |
|---|---|
| BT | Africa |
| .East Africa | |
| ..Ethiopia | |
| ...Awash Valley | |
| SN | River valley in E Ethiopia. |
| Awashima | |
|---|---|
| BT | nshu |
| .Awashima | |
| RT | Niigata Japan |
| SN | Island in Sea of Japan off Niigata Prefecture. |
| Axel Heiberg Island | |
|---|---|
| BT | Canada |
| .Northwest Territories | |
| ..Franklin District Northwest Territories | |
| ...Queen Elizabeth Islands | |
| ....Axel Heiberg Island | |
| RT | Kanguk Formation |
| SN | Largest of Sverdrup Islands of Franklin District. |
| axes, fold | |
|---|---|
| USE | fold axes |
| Axial Seamount | |
|---|---|
| BT | Pacific Ocean |
| .North Pacific | |
| ..Northeast Pacific | |
| ...Axial Seamount | |
| RT | CoAxial Segment |
| Juan de Fuca Ridge | |
| SN | In Juan de Fuca Ridge, NE Atlantic. This term has multiple hierarchies. Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| axial surface | |
|---|---|
| USE | axial-plane structures |
| axial-plane structures | |
|---|---|
| UF | axial surface |
| RT | structural analysis |
| deformation | |
| folds | |
| cleavage | |
| flow cleavage | |
| foliation | |
| schistosity | |
| slaty cleavage | |
| SN | Used for foliation or cleavage. Before 1978, also search axial-plane; axial plane; axial plane foliation; axial planes. |
| axinite | |
|---|---|
| BT | silicates |
| .ring silicates | |
| ..axinite | |
| RT | borosilicates |
| Ayacucho Peru | |
|---|---|
| BT | South America |
| .Peru | |
| ..Ayacucho Peru | |
| SN | Department in SW Peru. |
| Aycross Formation | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Cenozoic | |
| ...Paleogene | |
| ....Eocene | |
| .....middle Eocene | |
| ......Aycross Formation | |
| RT | Wyoming |
| SN | NW Wyoming. Added to Thesaurus in 1985. |
| Ayrshire Scotland | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Western Europe | |
| ..United Kingdom | |
| ...Great Britain | |
| ....Scotland | |
| .....Strathclyde region Scotland | |
| ......Ayrshire Scotland | |
| NT | Girvan Scotland |
| RT | Firth of Clyde |
| SN | Former county in Strathclyde region, SW Scotland. |
| Azalea Field | |
|---|---|
| RT | Midland County Texas |
| oil and gas fields | |
| SN | In Midland County, W Texas. Indexed with county or region with commodity as applicable. |
| Azerbaidzhan | |
|---|---|
| USE | Azerbaijan |
| Azerbaijan | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Azerbaijan | |
| BT | Commonwealth of Independent States |
| .Azerbaijan | |
| NT | Akera River |
| Apsheron Peninsula | |
| Baku Archipelago | |
| Baku Azerbaijan | |
| Bank Azerbaijan | |
| Dashkesan Azerbaijan | |
| Filizchay | |
| Kedabek Azerbaijan | |
| Kirovabad Azerbaijan | |
| Kobystan | |
| Lenkoran Azerbaijan | |
| Mugan Steppe | |
| Nagorno-Karabakh Azerbaijan | |
| Nakhichevan Azerbaijan | |
| Neftechala Azerbaijan | |
| Neftyanyye Kamni | |
| Shemakha Azerbaijan | |
| Surakhany Azerbaijan | |
| UF | Azerbaidzhan |
| RT | Peschanyy |
| Lesser Caucasus | |
| Greater Caucasus | |
| Caucasus | |
| Shakhdag Range | |
| Transcaucasia | |
| Zangezur | |
| Azerbaijan region | |
| Caspian Basin | |
| Indarch Meteorite | |
| Kura Lowland | |
| Kura River | |
| SN | Formerly the Azerbaidzhan Soviet Socialist Republic in Transcaucasia. When referring to Iran, see Azerbaijan region. This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| Azerbaijan region | |
|---|---|
| RT | Azerbaijan |
| Iran | |
| SN | For the former Soviet republic, use Azerbaijan. As of 1993, also use East Azerbaijan Iran or West Azerbaijan Iran to refer to provinces. Before 1998, also search Azerbaijan AND Iran. Indexed with (Iran with the provinces East Azerbaijan Iran and or West A |
| Azof Russian Federation | |
|---|---|
| USE | Azov Russian Federation |
| Azolla | |
|---|---|
| BT | Plantae |
| .Pteridophyta | |
| ..Filicopsida | |
| ...Azolla | |
| SN | Genus. |
| Azores | |
|---|---|
| BT | Atlantic Ocean Islands |
| .Azores | |
| NT | Sao Miguel Island |
| Terceira Island | |
| RT | DSDP Site 556 |
| DSDP Site 558 | |
| DSDP Site 561 | |
| DSDP Site 562 | |
| DSDP Site 563 | |
| DSDP Site 564 | |
| Leg 82 | |
| SN | Island group belonging to Portugal in E central North Atlantic. |
| Azores-Gibraltar Ridge | |
|---|---|
| BT | Atlantic Ocean |
| .North Atlantic | |
| ..Azores-Gibraltar Ridge | |
| SN | Added to Thesaurus in 1981. |
| Azov region | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Azov region | |
| UF | Azov-Kuban Basin |
| RT | Russian Federation |
| Crimea Ukraine | |
| Ukraine | |
| Azov Sea | |
| Kuban Valley | |
| SN | Includes Azov Sea, the Crimea, the southern Ukraine bordering Azov Sea, and western section of the Northern Caucasus. Also search Azov. Indexed with Azov Sea and former Soviet republics as applicable. |
| Azov Russian Federation | |
|---|---|
| BT | Commonwealth of Independent States |
| .Russian Federation | |
| ..Rostov Russian Federation | |
| ...Azov Russian Federation | |
| UF | Azof Russian Federation |
| RT | Azov Sea |
| SN | Town near NE arm of Azov Sea in SW Rostov Oblast. Before 1978, Azov was also used to index Azov Sea. Before 1993, Azov Russian Republic was also used. This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| Azov Sea | |
|---|---|
| BT | Europe |
| .Azov Sea | |
| BT | Commonwealth of Independent States |
| .Azov Sea | |
| UF | Sea of Azof |
| Sea of Azov | |
| RT | Azov region |
| Azov Russian Federation | |
| Black Sea | |
| SN | Shallow north arm of the Black Sea bounded on the SW by the Crimea, N by the Ukraine, and E by the Northern Caucasus. Also search Azov. This term has multiple hierarchies. |
| Azov-Kuban Basin | |
|---|---|
| USE | Azov region |
| Aztec Sandstone | |
|---|---|
| BT | Chronostratigraphic Units |
| .Phanerozoic | |
| ..Mesozoic | |
| ...Jurassic | |
| ....Aztec Sandstone | |
| RT | California |
| Nevada | |
| Mojave Desert | |
| SN | S California and SE Nevada. Added to Thesaurus in 1989. |
| azurite | |
|---|---|
| BT | carbonates |
| .azurite | |
| RT | copper ores |
| copper minerals | |
| smithsonite | |
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