IODP SEDIS - Thesaurus -

so

SO2
USE	sulfur dioxide

soap clay
USE	bentonite

soapstone
RT	steatite
	talc
	talc deposits
SN	May be used as a commodity term with talc deposits.

Sob River basin
BT	Europe
	.Ukraine
	..Sob River basin
SN	Near border of Moldova in SW Ukraine. Also search Sob. This term has multiple hierarchies.

Sobotka
SN	No longer a valid term for GeoRef. See Strzegom-Sobotka Massif. Before 1993, also used for any of several towns in Poland.

Sobral Formation
BT	Chronostratigraphic Units
	.Phanerozoic
	..Cenozoic
	...Tertiary
	....Sobral Formation
RT	Cretaceous
	Paleocene
	Antarctica
	Seymour Island
	James Ross Island
SN	Maestrichtian? and Tertiary. James Ross Island and Seymour Island, Antarctica. Overlies Lopez de Bertodano Formation. Indexed with ages as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1993.

Sochi Russian Federation
BT	Commonwealth of Independent States
	.Russian Federation
	..Krasnodar Russian Federation
	...Sochi Russian Federation
SN	City in S Krasnodar Kray on Black Sea near Georgian border. Before 1993, Sochi Russian Republic was also used. This term has multiple hierarchies.

societies
SN	Not a valid term for GeoRef. As of 1993, see associations.

Society Islands
BT	Oceania
	.Polynesia
	..French Polynesia
	...Society Islands
NT	Tahiti
RT	Leeward Islands

Society of Economic Geologists
RT	associations
SN	Added to Thesaurus in 1995.

Society of Exploration Geophysicists
RT	associations
SN	Added to Thesaurus in 1995.

Socompa
BT	South America
	.Chile
	..Antofagasta Chile
	...Socompa
RT	volcanoes
SN	Volcano. On the eastern border of Antofagasta, N Chile. Added to Thesaurus in 1989.

Socorro County New Mexico
BT	United States
	.New Mexico
	..Socorro County New Mexico
NT	Magdalena New Mexico
	Socorro New Mexico
RT	Rio Puerco
	San Mateo Mountains
	Jornada del Muerto
	Orogrande Basin
	San Andres Mountains
	Magdalena Mountains
SN	Central New Mexico.

Socorro New Mexico
BT	United States
	.New Mexico
	..Socorro County New Mexico
	...Socorro New Mexico
SN	City on the Rio Grande in W central New Mexico.

Sod-podzolic soils
BT	soils
	.Sod-podzolic soils
RT	soil group
	Podzols
SN	Also search Sod-Podzols.

soda ash
USE	sodium carbonate

Soda Lake Shale Member
BT	Chronostratigraphic Units
	.Phanerozoic
	..Cenozoic
	...Tertiary
	....middle Tertiary
	.....Soda Lake Shale Member
RT	Oligocene
	Miocene
	California
	Vaqueros Formation
SN	Miocene and Oligocene, of the Vaqueros Formation, Cuyama Basin, S California. Indexed with age as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1995.

sodalite
BT	silicates
	.framework silicates
	..sodalite group
	...sodalite

sodalite group
BT	silicates
	.framework silicates
	..sodalite group
NT	hauyne
	hydrosodalite
	lazurite
	nosean
	sodalite
	tugtupite
RT	felsic composition
	feldspathoid rocks

Sodankyla Finland
BT	Europe
	.Western Europe
	..Scandinavia
	...Finland
	....Lapland Finland
	.....Sodankyla Finland
SN	Administrative region including the town, N central Finland. This term has multiple hierarchies.

sodium
BT	metals
	.alkali metals
	..sodium
NT	Na-22
	Na-24
	sodium ion
UF	Na
	natrium
RT	lithophile elements

sodium bicarbonate
SN	For minerals, use mineral name e.g. nahcolite or wegscheiderite if applicable. See carbonates. Use reagents if applicable. Also see sodium ion and bicarbonate ion. See trona for economic studies.

sodium carbonate
UF	soda ash
RT	carbonates
	trona
SN	See list C for use as a commodity term.

sodium chloride
RT	chlorides
	evaporites
	halides
	halite
	salt
	geochemistry

sodium hydroxide
UF	NaOH
RT	geochemistry
	alkalinity
	hydroxyl ion
	sodium ion
SN	See hydroxides for minerals. Added to Thesaurus in 1993.

sodium ion
BT	metals
	.alkali metals
	..sodium
	...sodium ion
RT	geochemistry
	sodium hydroxide
	ions
SN	Added to Thesaurus in 1985.

sodium sulfate
RT	sulfates
SN	See list C for use as a commodity term.

Sofia Bulgaria
BT	Europe
	.Southern Europe
	..Bulgaria
	...Sofia Bulgaria
NT	Rila Bulgaria
	Yetropole Bulgaria
SN	Province and city in W Bulgaria.

Sofiya
SN	Not a valid term for GeoRef. See Sofia Bulgaria.

soft clays
RT	clay
	clays
SN	Added to Thesaurus in 1981.

soft coal
USE	bituminous coal

soft parts
UF	soft-bodied taxa
	soft tissues
RT	paleontology
	Lagerstatten
	fossilization
	taphonomy
	preservation
SN	As of 1998, restricted to discussions of preservation of organisms.

soft rocks
RT	mining geology
	rocks
	engineering geology
	weak rocks
SN	General term. Restricted to engineering geology. See sedimentary and other rock types. Added to Thesaurus in 1993.

soft sediment deformation
BT	sedimentary structures
	.soft sediment deformation
NT	ball-and-pillow
	clastic dikes
	convoluted beds
	flame structures
	flow structures
	olistoliths
	olistostromes
	sandstone dikes
	slump structures
RT	flow texture
	casts
	load casts
	sole marks
	boudinage
	flute casts
	tool marks
	seismites

soft soils
SN	Not a valid term for GeoRef. As of 1993, see strength and soil mechanics.

soft tissues
USE	soft parts

soft-bodied taxa
USE	soft parts

software
USE	computer programs

Sogn
BT	Europe
	.Western Europe
	..Scandinavia
	...Norway
	....Sogn
RT	Bjerkrem-Sogndal Massif
SN	Mountain region around Sogne Fjord in SW Norway.

Sogndal Norway
BT	Europe
	.Western Europe
	..Scandinavia
	...Norway
	....Rogaland Norway
	.....Sogndal Norway
RT	Bjerkrem-Sogndal Massif
SN	Village on North Sea.

Sohm abyssal plain
BT	Atlantic Ocean
	.North Atlantic
	..Sohm abyssal plain
RT	Leg 172
	DSDP Site 383
	ODP Site 1064
SN	NW Atlantic Ocean. Added to Thesaurus in 1985.

soil aggregates
SN	Not a valid term for GeoRef. Use aggregate and soils.

soil dynamics
RT	dynamics
	soil mechanics
	soils
SN	Added to Thesaurus in 1981.

soil erosion
BT	erosion
	.soil erosion
RT	slope stability
	soils
	geomorphology
	CREAMS
	landslides
	erosion control
	landform evolution
	erosion rates
	furrows
	rills
	talus slopes
	water erosion
	slumping
	land loss
	Universal Soil Loss Equation
	mudflows
	sheet erosion
	piping
	Water Erosion Prediction Project
SN	Before 1982, search soils AND erosion. Added to Thesaurus in 1982.

soil flow
USE	solifluction

soil fluction
USE	solifluction

soil gases
RT	chemical analysis
	earthquake prediction
	gases
	geochemical methods
	pollution
	radon emanometry
	soils
	volatile organic compounds
SN	Used for soil and water pollution studies as well as petroleum exploration and mineral exploration. Added to Thesaurus in 1993.

soil group
RT	Alfisols
	Alluvial soils
	Andisols
	Andosols
	Aridisols
	Bog soils
	Brown forest soils
	Brown soils
	Calcareous soils
	Chernozems
	Chestnut soils
	Clay soils
	Desert soils
	Entisols
	Ferralites
	Ferruginous soils
	Gleys
	Gray forest soils
	Halomorphic soils
	Hapludalfs
	Hist

soil horizon
USE	horizons

soil liners
USE	disposal barriers

soil management
RT	CREAMS
	fertilizers
	salinization
	soil treatment
	soils
	tillage

soil me

soil mech

soil mechani

soil mechanics
RT	alluvium
	AMCOR
	Atterberg limits
	bearing capacity
	biaxial tests
	boundary conditions
	Boussinesq equation
	bulk density
	California bearing ratio
	case studies
	clay
	coarse-grained materials
	cohesive materials
	compaction
	compactness
	competent materials
	compressi
SN	Used for geotechnical studies.

soil profiles
RT	pedons
	soils
SN	Before 1981, search soils AND profiles. Added to Thesaurus in 1981.

soil sampling
RT	field studies
	Filicopsida
	mineral exploration
	pedons
	sample preparation
	samples
	sampling
	soil surveys
	soils
	trenching
SN	May be used for economic as well as non-economic studies.

soil surveys
BT	surveys
	.soil surveys
RT	soils
	soil sampling

soil treatment
RT	bioreclamation
	bioremediation
	desalinization
	fertilization
	irrigation
	reclamation
	remediation
	salinity
	sewage sludge
	soil management
	soils
SN	Before 1985, search treatment AND soils. Added to Thesaurus in 1985.

soil ulmin
USE	humus

soil vapor extraction
UF	vapor extraction, soil
RT	reclamation
	pollution
	soils
	aromatic hydrocarbons
	soil venting
	remediation
	volatilization
	volatile organic compounds
	petroleum products
SN	Used to discuss methods and use of the methods. Also search vapor extraction or vacuum extraction. Also index specific methods if applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1995.

soil venting
UF	venting, soil
RT	reclamation
	pollution
	waste disposal
	aromatic hydrocarbons
	soil vapor extraction
	remediation
	volatile organic compounds
	petroleum products
SN	Also search venting and soils. Also index specific methods if applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1995.

soil zone
USE	horizons

soil-structure interface
UF	structure-soil interface
RT	seismic response
	engineering geology
	interfaces
	soil mechanics
	backfill
	foundations
SN	Added to Thesaurus in 1985.

soil-water balance
UF	water-soil balance
RT	soils
	water regimes
	water balance
	water content
SN	Before 1998, also search water balance and soils. Also see water regimes.

soils
NT	acid sulfate soils
	Alfisols
	Alluvial soils
	Andisols
	Andosols
	Aridisols
	Bog soils
	Brown forest soils
	Brown soils
	Calcareous soils
	Cambisols
	Chernozems
	Chestnut soils
	Clay soils
	Cryosols
	Desert soils
	Entisols
	Ferralites
	Ferralsols
	Ferruginous soils
	fragipans
	Gleys
	Gray forest soils
	Halomorphic soils
	Histosols
	humic soils
	Hydromorphic soils
	Inceptisols
	Intrazonal soils
	laterites
	Latosols
	Lithosols
	loam
	Luvisols
	Meadow soils
	Mediterranean soils
	Mollisols
	Mor
	Mull
	Oxisols
	Planosols
	Podzols
	Pseudogleys
	Red soils
	Regosols
	Rendzinas
	saline soils
	Sierozems
	Sod-podzolic soils
	Solonchak soils
	Solonetz soils
	Spodosols
	Terra rossa
	Tundra soils
	Ultisols
	Vertisols
	Zonal soils
RT	active layer
	aggregate
	agriculture
	agrochemicals
	alluvium
	bacteria
	bedrock
	biorhexistasy
	biota
	breakthrough curves
	bulk density
	calcification
	calcrete
	caliche
	capillarity
	capillary water
	catenas
	character
SN	Used for general pedology as well as for specific topics.

Soils (category)
SN	Soils, GeoRef category code 25, is one of thirty categories used to classify documents in GeoRef. Each reference in GeoRef is assigned one or more categories. Categories can be used, in addition to Terms, to refine searches (See List A.).

soils maps
BT	maps
	.soils maps
RT	soils
SN	Added to Thesaurus in 1981.

Sokh Uzbekistan
BT	Asia
	.Uzbekistan
	..Sokh Uzbekistan
SN	Village S of Kokand near Kyrgyz border in E Uzbekistan. This term has multiple hierarchies.

Soko Banja Yugoslavia
BT	Europe
	.Southern Europe
	..Yugoslavia
	...Serbia
	....Soko Banja Yugoslavia
UF	Soko Banya Yugoslavia
SN	Village north of Nis, E Serbia.

Soko Banya Yugoslavia
USE	Soko Banja Yugoslavia

Sokolov Basin
BT	Europe
	.Central Europe
	..Czech Republic
	...Bohemia
	....Sokolov Basin
UF	Falkenau Basin
SN	W Bohemia.

Sokoman Formation
BT	Chronostratigraphic Units
	.Precambrian
	..Sokoman Formation
UF	Sokoman Iron Formation
RT	Canada
	Quebec
	Labrador
SN	In Knob Lake Group.

Sokoman Iron Formation
USE	Sokoman Formation

Sokoto Basin
BT	Africa
	.West Africa
	..Nigeria
	...Sokoto Basin
SN	River basin in N Nigeria. Also search Sokoto.

Solano County California
BT	United States
	.California
	..Solano County California
RT	San Francisco Bay region
	San Pablo Bay
SN	Central California.

Solar

solar activity
UF	solar flares
RT	Maunder minimum
	Sun
	sunspots
SN	Term includes use under a variety of topics as a cause of whatever is being discussed in the document. Before 1978, search flares if applicable.

solar cycles
RT	cosmic rays
	cycles
	intensity
	interplanetary space
	solar wind
	Sun

solar energy
RT	energy
	energy sources
	new energy sources
	Sun

solar flares
USE	solar activity

Solar Lake
RT	Egypt
	Sinai
	Sinai Egypt
SN	Coastal salt lake, SE Sinai, Egypt. Indexed with Sinai Egypt or Sinai as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1985.

solar nebula
UF	nebula, solar
RT	Sun

solar physics, astrophysics and
SN	Not a valid term for GeoRef. Usually out-of-scope. See astrophysics and solar physics.

solar system
RT	asteroids
	comets
	cosmochronology
	Earth
	Earth-Moon couple
	extraterrestrial geology
	Halley's Comet
	interplanetary space
	Jupiter
	Mars
	Mercury Planet
	meteorites
	Moon
	Neptune
	outer planets
	planetology
	planets
	Pluto
	Saturn
	Sun
	terrestrial planets
	Uranus
	Venus
SN	See also names of planets.

solar wind
UF	wind, solar
RT	Moon
	particles
	interplanetary space
	magnetic field
	comae
	comets
	electromagnetic radiation
	solar cycles
	Sun

sole faults
USE	detachment faults

sole markings
USE	sole marks

sole marks
BT	sedimentary structures
	.sole marks
UF	sole markings
RT	glacial geology
	bedding plane irregularities
	soft sediment deformation
	load casts
	glacial features
	turbidity current structures
	flute casts
SN	Also index bedding plane irregularities and/or turbidity current structures as applicable.

Solemyida
BT	Invertebrata
	.Mollusca
	..Bivalvia
	...Solemyida

Solenhofen Germany
USE	Solnhofen Germany

Solenhofen Limestone
USE	Solnhofen Limestone

solfataras
BT	fumaroles
	.solfataras
RT	volcanism
	gases
	vents
	sublimates

solid phase
UF	phase, solid
RT	geochemistry
	gaseous phase
	liquid phase
	fluid phase
	solid solution

solid solution
UF	mixed crystals
RT	solution
	phase equilibria
	solutions
	solid phase

solid waste
UF	waste, solid
RT	engineering geology
	environmental geology
	waste disposal
	chemical waste
	radioactive waste
	waste disposal sites
	industrial waste
	liquid waste
	sludge
	Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
	sewage sludge

Solid-Earth Geophysics (category)
SN	Solid-Earth geophysics, GeoRef category code 18, is one of thirty categories used to classify documents in GeoRef. Each reference in GeoRef is assigned one or more categories. Categories can be used, in addition to Terms, to refine searches (See List A.).

solidification
SN	Use consolidation if applicable.

solids
SN	Not a valid term for GeoRef. See solid phase or suspended materials.

solifluction
UF	sludging
	soil flow
	soil fluction
	solifluxion
RT	glacial geology
	slope stability
	engineering geology
	soils
	creep
	permafrost
	periglacial features

solifluxion
USE	solifluction

Solikamsk Russian Federation
BT	Commonwealth of Independent States
	.Russian Federation
	..Perm Russian Federation
	...Solikamsk Russian Federation
SN	City in Perm Oblast W of the Urals. Before 1993, Solikamsk Russian Republic was also used. This term has multiple hierarchies.

Solnhofen Germany
BT	Europe
	.Central Europe
	..Germany
	...Bavaria Germany
	....Solnhofen Germany
UF	Solenhofen Germany
SN	Village in W central Bavaria.

Solnhofen Limestone
BT	Chronostratigraphic Units
	.Phanerozoic
	..Mesozoic
	...Jurassic
	....Solnhofen Limestone
UF	Solenhofen Limestone
RT	Bavaria Germany
	Germany
SN	In Bavaria Germany.

Solomon Islands
BT	Oceania
	.Melanesia
	..Solomon Islands
NT	Bougainville
	Malaita
RT	Pacific Ocean
	West Pacific Ocean Islands
	Australasia
	Papua New Guinea
	Santa Isabel
SN	Group of islands E of New Guinea in the SW Pacific Ocean. Bougainville, Buka, and Green Islands in the W are part of Papua New Guinea while the remaining 10 large islands and 4 groups of small islands remained a protectorate of the United Kingdom until 19

Solomon Sea
BT	Pacific Ocean
	.South Pacific
	..Southwest Pacific
	...Coral Sea
	....Solomon Sea
RT	Woodlark Basin
SN	Enclosed on the W by New Guinea, on the N by the Bismarck Archipelago, on the E by the Solomon Islands and on the S by the Coral Sea. This term has multiple hierarchies.

Solonchak soils
BT	soils
	.Solonchak soils
RT	soil group
	Intrazonal soils
	salinity
	salinization
	saline soils
	Solonetz soils
SN	Saline soil group. Also see saline soils.

Solonetz soils
BT	soils
	.Solonetz soils
RT	soil group
	Intrazonal soils
	saline soils
	Solonchak soils

solongoite
BT	borates
	.solongoite

solu

solubility
RT	concentration
	dissolved materials
	Henry's law
	immiscibility
	insoluble residues
	properties
	saturation
	sea water
	geochemistry
	solution

Solund I

Solund Islands
BT	Europe
	.Western Europe
	..Scandinavia
	...Norway
	....Solund Islands
RT	Atlantic Ocean Islands
SN	Island group in the North Sea at mouth of Sogne Fjord. Also search Solund.

solute transport
UF	solution transport
RT	solution
	advection
	leaching
	transport
	marine transport
	stream transport
	breakthrough curves
	concentration
	preferential flow
	solutes
	karstification
	exsolution
	dissolved materials
SN	Also search transport with solutes or solution. Added to Thesaurus in 1995.

solutes
RT	breakthrough curves
	dissolved materials
	solute transport
	geochemistry
	solution

solution
RT	adsorption
	aqueous solutions
	carbonate compensation depth
	caves
	concentration
	electrolysis
	embayments
	exsolution
	karstification
	leaching
	lysoclines
	pits
	pressure solution
	solid solution
	solubility
	solute transport
	solutes
	geochemistry
	solution features
	so
SN	Before 1978, also search dissolution.

solution cavities
BT	solution features
	.solution cavities
UF	cavities, solution
RT	geomorphology
	sedimentary structures
	caves
	underground cavities
	karst

solution features
NT	karren
	poljes
	sinkholes
	solution cavities
	speleothems
UF	features, solution
	solution phenomena
RT	land subsidence
	solution
	geomorphology
	natural curiosities
	paleokarst
	canyons
	gorges
	cave environment
	caves
	speleology
	caverns
	stalactites
	stalagmites
	karst
	pits
	tors
	karst hydrology
	karst filling

solution mining
BT	mining
	.solution mining
RT	mines
	mining geology
	leaching

solution phenomena
USE	solution features

solution transport
USE	solute transport

solutions
RT	aqueous solutions
	leachate
	reagents
	solid solution
	solution
	geochemistry
SN	Used for material or mixture. Singular form used to indicate process.

solvents
RT	aqueous solutions
	carbon tetrachloride
	chlorinated hydrocarbons
	chlorobenzene
	chloroform
	chlorophenols
	ethylbenzene
	hydrocarbons
	immiscibility
	pollutants
	reagents
	solution
	geochemistry
	volatile organic compounds
	water
SN	Includes water, aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons, esters, ethers, ketones, amines, and nitrated and chlorinated hydrocarbons. Also search individual compounds. Also index specific compounds where applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1995.

Somali Basin
BT	Indian Ocean
	.Somali Basin
RT	Leg 24
	DSDP Site 234
	DSDP Site 235
	DSDP Site 236
	DSDP Site 240
SN	E of the Somali Republic and N of the Seychelles.

Somali Republic
BT	Africa
	.East Africa
	..Somali Republic
UF	British Somaliland
	Somalia
	Somaliland
SN	Comprises former British Somaliland and Trust Territory of Somalia (formerly Italian Somaliland). Before 1969, Italian Somaliland and British Somaliland were also used. Also search Italian Somaliland.

Somalia
USE	Somali Republic

Somaliland
USE	Somali Republic

Somasteroidea
BT	Invertebrata
	.Echinodermata
	..Asterozoa
	...Stelleroidea
	....Somasteroidea

Somerset County Maine
BT	United States
	.Maine
	..Somerset County Maine
RT	Saint John River
SN	Central and W Maine.

Somerset County Maryland
BT	United States
	.Maryland
	..Somerset County Maryland
SN	SE Maryland.

Somerset County New Jersey
BT	United States
	.New Jersey
	..Somerset County New Jersey
RT	Watchung Mountains
SN	Bounded by Passaic River in N central New Jersey.

Somerset County Pennsylvania
BT	United States
	.Pennsylvania
	..Somerset County Pennsylvania
SN	SW Pennsylvania.

Somerset England
BT	Europe
	.Western Europe
	..United Kingdom
	...Great Britain
	....England
	.....Somerset England
NT	Mendip Hills
RT	Avon England
	Bath England
SN	County in SW England. In 1974, N part was taken to form Avon County.

Somerset Island
BT	Canada
	.Northwest Territories
	..Franklin District Northwest Territories
	...Somerset Island
NT	Fort Ross Northwest Territories
RT	Boothia Peninsula
SN	In central Franklin District N of Boothia Peninsula.

Somervell County Texas
BT	United States
	.Texas
	..Somervell County Texas

Somes Basin
BT	Europe
	.Somes Basin
UF	Somesul Basin
RT	Romania
	Hungary
SN	River basin in NE Hungary and NW Romania. Also search Somes; Somes River. Indexed with countries as applicable.

Somesul Basin
USE	Somes Basin

Somme France
BT	Europe
	.Western Europe
	..France
	...Somme France
RT	Somme River valley
SN	Department in N France.

Somme River valley
BT	Europe
	.Western Europe
	..France
	...Somme River valley
UF	Somme Valley
RT	Aisne France
	Somme France
SN	Indexed with departments as applicable.

Somme Valley
USE	Somme River valley

Son Valley
BT	Asia
	.Indian Peninsula
	..India
	...Son Valley
RT	Bihar India
	Madhya Pradesh India
	Narmada-Son Lineament
SN	River valley. Also search Son River. Indexed with states as applicable.

sonar methods
BT	geophysical methods
	.acoustical methods
	..sonar methods
RT	borehole televiewers
	echo sounding
	geophysical surveys
	GLORIA
	reflection methods
	remote sensing
	methods
	radar methods
	Seabeam
	sounding
	side-scanning methods
SN	Before 1978, search sonar. For surveys, also index geophysical surveys.

Sondre Strom Fjord
BT	Arctic region
	.Greenland
	..Sondre Strom Fjord
RT	Davis Strait
SN	Inlet of Davis Strait on Arctic Circle in SW Greenland.

Sondrio Italy
BT	Europe
	.Southern Europe
	..Italy
	...Lombardy Italy
	....Sondrio Italy
SN	City and province in N Lombardy, N Italy.

Songhor Iran
BT	Asia
	.Middle East
	..Iran
	...Kerman Iran
	....Songhor Iran
UF	Sonqor Iran
	Sunqur Iran
SN	Village in Kermanshahan, W Iran.

Songliao Basin
BT	Asia
	.Far East
	..China
	...Songliao Basin
RT	Nenjiang Formation
	Qingshankou Formation
	Quantou Formation
SN	NE China. Indexed with provinces as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1985.

sonic logging
SN	Not a valid term for GeoRef. See acoustical logging.

sonic waves
USE	acoustical waves

sonobuoys
RT	geophysical surveys
	marine methods
	refraction methods
	seismic methods
	geophysical methods

Sonoma County California
BT	United States
	.California
	..Sonoma County California
NT	Bodega Head
	Santa Rosa California
RT	San Francisco Bay region
	San Pablo Bay
	The Geysers
SN	W California.

Sonoma Orogeny
RT	Nevada
	orogeny
	Permian
	Sierra Nevada
	California
	Triassic
SN	Permian-Triassic. In the Sierra Nevada of California and in Nevada. Indexed with age as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1995.

Sonora Mexico
BT	Mexico
	.Sonora Mexico
NT	Cananea Mexico
	Moctezuma Mexico
	Nacozari de Garcia Mexico
RT	Martin Formation
	Colorado River
	Basin and Range Province
	Colorado River delta
	Santa Clara Formation
	Pedregosa Basin
	San Antonio Mine
	Sierra Madre Occidental
	San Jacinto Fault
	Mazatzal Orogeny
	Sonoran Desert
SN	State in NW Mexico.

Sonoran Desert
BT	North America
	.Sonoran Desert
RT	Mexico
	California
	Arizona
	Sonora Mexico
SN	Indexed with Sonora Mexico and U.S. states as applicable.

Sonqor Iran
USE	Songhor Iran

Sonyea Group
BT	Chronostratigraphic Units
	.Phanerozoic
	..Paleozoic
	...Devonian
	....Upper Devonian
	.....Sonyea Group
SN	Includes Middlesex Shale, Pultenay Shale, Rock Stream Siltstone, and Cashaqua Shale members. W New York.

Sophia
SN	Not a valid term for GeoRef. See Sofia Bulgaria.

Sor Rondane Mountains
USE	Sor-Rondane Mountains

Sor-Rondane Mountains
BT	Antarctica
	.Sor-Rondane Mountains
UF	Sor Rondane Mountains
RT	Asuka Meteorites
	Queen Maud Land
SN	In Queen Maud Land near Princess Ragnhild Coast in Norwegian Sector on Atlantic Ocean side. Also search Sor-Rondane.

Sor-Trondelag Norway
BT	Europe
	.Western Europe
	..Scandinavia
	...Norway
	....Sor-Trondelag Norway
NT	Trondheim Norway
RT	Trondelag
SN	County S of Trondheim Fjord in central Norway.

Sorachi Japan
BT	kkaido
	.Sorachi Japan
RT	Sorachi River
SN	Sub-prefecture in W central Hokkaido, N Japan.

Sorachi River
BT	kkaido
	.Sorachi River
RT	Kamikawa Japan
	Sorachi Japan
SN	River in W central Hokkaido. Added to Thesaurus in 1995.

Soria City Spain
BT	Europe
	.Southern Europe
	..Iberian Peninsula
	...Spain
	....Castilla y Leon Spain
	.....Soria Spain
	......Soria City Spain
SN	Refers to only the city in N central Spain. Before 1993, also search Soria Spain.

Soria Spain
BT	Europe
	.Southern Europe
	..Iberian Peninsula
	...Spain
	....Castilla y Leon Spain
	.....Soria Spain
NT	Soria City Spain
RT	Castile Spain
	Old Castile Spain
SN	Refers only to the province in N central Spain. Also search Soria Province and Spain. For the city, see Soria City Spain.

Soricidae
BT	Chordata
	.Vertebrata
	..Tetrapoda
	...Mammalia
	....Theria
	.....Eutheria
	......Insectivora
	.......Soricidae
SN	Family.

Soroka Russian Federation
USE	Belomorsk Russian Federation

sorosilicates
BT	silicates
	.orthosilicates
	..sorosilicates
NT	chevkinite
	epidote group
	hemimorphite
	ilvaite
	innelite
	joaquinite
	julgoldite
	kilchoanite
	labuntsovite
	lawsonite
	melilite group
	nenadkevichite
	perrierite
	pumpellyite
	roggianite
	thalenite
	thortveitite
	vesuvianite
	yttrialite
	zunyite

Soroy
BT	Europe
	.Western Europe
	..Scandinavia
	...Norway
	....Soroy
RT	Finnmark Norway
SN	Island in Norwegian Sea off Finnmark County.

sorption
RT	absorption
	adsorption
	geochemistry
	surfactants
	wave absorption

Sorrento Peninsula
BT	Europe
	.Southern Europe
	..Italy
	...Campania Italy
	....Sorrento Peninsula
RT	Bay of Naples
SN	On S side of Bay of Naples. Also search Sorrento.

sorting
RT	grains
	particles
	rounding
	sedimentary rocks
	sediments
	sedimentation
SN	See also textures under appropriate rock types.

Sosnowice Poland
USE	Sosnowiec Poland

Sosnowiec Poland
BT	Europe
	.Central Europe
	..Poland
	...Katowice Poland
	....Sosnowiec Poland
UF	Sosnowice Poland
SN	City in central Katowice, S Poland.

Sou

Soufriere
BT	Caribbean region
	.West Indies
	..Antilles
	...Lesser Antilles
	....Soufriere
UF	Soufriere Volcano
RT	volcanoes
	Montserrat
	Windward Islands
	La Grande Soufriere
	Saint Lucia
	Saint Vincent
SN	Used for volcanoes on Saint Vincent (N13#DG21' W061#DG11'), Montserrat, and Saint Lucia in the Antilles. For the volcano on Guadeloupe see La Grande Soufriere. Search in combination with island. Indexed with island as applicable. For the volcano on Guadel

Soufriere Volcano
USE	Soufriere

Souk-el-Arba salt works
BT	Africa
	.North Africa
	..Tunisia
	...Souk-el-Arba salt works
UF	Souk-el-Arba Works
SN	In Souk-el-Arba area in NW Tunisia.

Souk-el-Arba Works
USE	Souk-el-Arba salt works

Soulanges County Quebec
BT	Canada
	.Eastern Canada
	..Quebec
	...Soulanges County Quebec

Soultz-sous-Forets France
BT	Europe
	.Western Europe
	..France
	...Bas-Rhin France
	....Soultz-sous-Forets France
SN	E France.

sound waves
USE	acoustical waves

sounding
RT	deep magnetic sounding
	deep seismic sounding
	deep sounding
	echo sounding
	electrical sounding
	frequency sounding
	geophysical surveys
	measurement-while-drilling
	sonar methods
	geophysical methods
	seismology

Sounds National Park
USE	Fiordland National Park

source areas
USE	provenance

source regions
USE	provenance

source rocks
RT	biomarkers
	natural gas
	petroleum
	petroleum exploration
	reservoir rocks
	rocks
	tight sands

source terrains
USE	provenance

source terranes
USE	provenance

sourceland
USE	provenance

sources
SN	A valid general term through 1978.

sources, energy
USE	energy sources

sources, heat
USE	heat sources

sources, nonpoint
USE	nonpoint sources

sources, point
USE	point sources

sources, seismic
USE	seismic sources

Souris River basin
RT	Alberta
	North Dakota
	Saskatchewan
	Western Canada
SN	Also search Souris; Souris River. Indexed with North Dakota and/or Canadian provinces as applicable.

South Africa
BT	Africa
	.Southern Africa
	..South Africa
NT	Bushveld Complex
	Cape fold belt
	Cape Province region
	Eastern Cape Province South Africa
	Free State South Africa
	Guateng South Africa
	Karroo Basin
	Klerksdorp Field
	KwaZulu-Natal South Africa
	Merensky Reef
	Mpumalanga South Africa
	North-West Province South Africa
	Northern Cape Province South Africa
	Northern Province South Africa
	Sutherland South Africa
	Transvaal region
	Vaal River
	Western Cape Province South Africa
	Witwatersrand
RT	Dwyka Formation
	Karroo Supergroup
	Kaapvaal Craton
	Kirkwood Formation
	Black Mountain
	Barberton greenstone belt
	Fig Tree Series
	Broken Hill Mine
	Beaufort Group
	Ecca Group
	Kalahari Desert
	Central Rand Group
	Damara Orogeny
	Elliot Formation
	Lebombo Mountains
	L

South America
NT	Amazon Basin
	Amazon River
	Andes
	Argentina
	Bolivia
	Brazil
	Chaco
	Chile
	Colombia
	Ecuador
	Falkland Islands
	French Guiana
	Guajira Peninsula
	Guiana Basin
	Guianas
	Guyana
	Guyana Shield
	Lake Titicaca
	Orinoco River
	Orinoco River basin
	Paraguay
	Parana Basin
	Parana River
	Patagonia
	Patagonian Batholith
	Peru
	Precordillera
	Rio de la Plata
	Surinam
	Tierra del Fuego
	Uruguay
	Venezuela
RT	America
	Botucatu Formation
	Galapagos Islands
	Gondwana
	Latin America
	Llanos
	Pacific Coast
	Pacific mobile belt
	Rio Negro
	Roraima Formation
	South American Plate
	Transamazonian Orogeny

South American Atlantic
SN	No longer a valid term for GeoRef. Used from 1981-1994 for southwestern Atlantic bounded on the on the east by the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, and on the north by a line drawn between Cabo de Sao Roque, Brazil to Cape Palmas, Liberia. See South Atlantic.

South American Pacific
SN	Used from 1981-1994 for a region in the southeastern Pacific bounded on the north by the equator, on the east by South America, on the south by approximately 55#DGS, and on the west by the East Pacific Rise. See Southeast Pacific.

South American Plate
RT	Chile Margin Triple Junction
	plate tectonics
	plates
	South America
SN	Includes the South American continent (excluding a small portion in the Caribbean Plate) and part of the Atlantic Ocean W of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Extends northward to the Caribbean region and southward to the Scotia Ridge. Indexed with geographic area

South Antillean Arc
USE	Scotia Ridge

South Arabia
USE	Yemen

South Arcot
BT	Asia
	.Indian Peninsula
	..India
	...Tamil Nadu India
	....South Arcot
RT	Coromandel Coast
SN	Region on Coromandel Coast in E Tamil Nadu, S India.

South Atlantic
BT	Atlantic Ocean
	.South Atlantic
NT	Angola Basin
	Argentine Basin
	Brazil Basin
	Campos Basin
	Cape Basin
	Falkland Plateau
	Maurice Ewing Bank
	Rio Grande Rise
	Southeast Atlantic
	Southwest Atlantic
	Vema Channel
	Walvis Ridge
RT	Antarctic Bottom Water
	Drake Passage
	DSDP Site 23
	DSDP Site 24
	DSDP Site 14
	DSDP Site 15
	DSDP Site 16
	DSDP Site 17
	DSDP Site 18
	DSDP Site 25
	DSDP Site 328
	DSDP Site 356
	DSDP Site 361
	DSDP Site 511
	DSDP Site 512
	DSDP Site 513
	DSDP Site 514
	DSDP Site 519
	DS
SN	Before 1978, search Atlantic Ocean AND south. From 1981-1994, parts of Guyanese Atlantic and Cape Verde Atlantic were also sometimes used.

South Atlantic Ridge
SN	No longer a valid term for GeoRef. A valid term from 1981-1994. After 1994, use Mid-Atlantic Ridge and South Atlantic.

South Australia
BT	Australasia
	.Australia
	..South Australia
NT	Adelaide Australia
	Adelaide Geosyncline
	Balcanoona Australia
	Beltana Australia
	Coorong Lagoon
	Encounter Bay
	Eyre Peninsula
	Fleurieu Peninsula
	Flinders Range
	Gawler Craton
	Kangaroo Island
	Lake Eyre
	Lake Frome
	Lake Torrens
	Mount Lofty Ranges
	Olympic Dam Deposit
	Renmark Australia
	Saint Vincent Gulf
	Spencer Gulf
	Spilsby Island
	Willunga Australia
	Yorke Peninsula
RT	Bulldog Shale
	Burra Group
	Broken Hill Block
	Delamerian Orogeny
	Cooper Basin
	Discovery Bay
	Eucla Basin
	Gambier Embayment
	Giles Complex
	Great Artesian Basin
	Kanmantoo Group
	Murray Basin
	Lake Bonney
	Nullarbor Plain
	Murray River
	Musgrave Ranges
	Officer Basin

South Austrian Alps
BT	Europe
	.Alps
	..South Austrian Alps
BT	Europe
	.Central Europe
	..Austria
	...South Austrian Alps
RT	Carinthia Austria
SN	This term has multiple hierarchies. Added to Thesaurus in 1981.

South Austrian Molasse
BT	Europe
	.Central Europe
	..Austria
	...South Austrian Molasse
SN	Added to Thesaurus in 1981.

South Canadian River
USE	Canadian River

South Carolina
BT	United States
	.South Carolina
NT	Abbeville County South Carolina
	Aiken County South Carolina
	Allendale County South Carolina
	Anderson County South Carolina
	Bamberg County South Carolina
	Barnwell County South Carolina
	Beaufort County South Carolina
	Berkeley County South Carolina
	Calhoun County South Carolina
	Charleston County South Carolina
	Cherokee County South Carolina
	Chester County South Carolina
	Chesterfield County South Carolina
	Clarendon County South Carolina
	Colleton County South Carolina
	Darlington County South Carolina
	Dillon County South Carolina
	Dorchester County South Carolina
	Edgefield County South Carolina
	Fairfield County South Carolina
	Florence County South Carolina
	Georgetown County South Carolina
	Greenville County South Carolina
	Greenwood County South Carolina
	Hampton County South Carolina
	Horry County South Carolina
	Jasper County South Carolina
	Kershaw County South Carolina
	Lake Jocassee
	Lancaster County South Carolina
	Laurens County South Carolina
	Lee County South Carolina
	Lexington County South Carolina
	Marion County South Carolina
	Marlboro County South Carolina
	McCormick County South Carolina
	Newberry County South Carolina
	Oconee County South Carolina
	Orangeburg County South Carolina
	Pickens County South Carolina
	Richland County South Carolina
	Saluda County South Carolina
	Santee River
	Savannah River Plant
	Snuggedy Swamp
	Spartanburg County South Carolina
	Sumter County South Carolina
	Union County South Carolina
	Williamsburg County South Carolina
	York County South Carolina
RT	Brevard Zone
	Atlantic Coastal Plain
	Avalon Zone
	Charlotte Belt
	Carolina Bays
	Carolina slate belt
	Barnwell Formation
	Black Creek Formation
	Blue Ridge Province
	Carolina Terrane
	Castle Hayne Limestone
	Charleston earthquake 1886
	Dry Branch Formation
	Dunbarton

South Carpathians
USE	Transylvanian Alps

South Cascade Glacier
BT	United States
	.Washington
	..Skagit County Washington
	...South Cascade Glacier
SN	Near Mount Logan in North Cascades National Park, NW Washington.

South China Block
BT	Asia
	.Far East
	..China
	...South China Block
UF	South China Platform
RT	Yangtze Platform
SN	SE China. Also see Yangtze Platform. Indexed with provinces as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1995.

South China Platform
USE	South China Block

South China Sea
BT	Pacific Ocean
	.North Pacific
	..Northwest Pacific
	...South China Sea
NT	Gulf of Siam
	Gulf of Tonkin
	Malay Basin
	Manila Trench
UF	Nan Hai
RT	Strait of Malacca
	China Sea
	Taiwan Strait
	Hainan China
	Leg 124E
	ODP Site 772
	Zhujiang River
	Red River Fault
	Xisha Islands
SN	Bounded on N by China and Taiwan, on the E by the Philippine Islands, on the S by Malaysia and on the W by Vietnam. This term has multiple hierarchies.

South Dakota
BT	United States
	.South Dakota
NT	Aurora County South Dakota
	Badlands National Park
	Beadle County South Dakota
	Bennett County South Dakota
	Bon Homme County South Dakota
	Brookings County South Dakota
	Brown County South Dakota
	Brule County South Dakota
	Buffalo County South Dakota
	Butte County South Dakota
	Campbell County South Dakota
	Charles Mix County South Dakota
	Clark County South Dakota
	Clay County South Dakota
	Codington County South Dakota
	Corson County South Dakota
	Custer County South Dakota
	Davison County South Dakota
	Day County South Dakota
	Deuel County South Dakota
	Dewey County South Dakota
	Douglas County South Dakota
	Edmunds County South Dakota
	Fall River County South Dakota
	Faulk County South Dakota
	Grant County South Dakota
	Gregory County South Dakota
	Haakon County South Dakota
	Hamlin County South Dakota
	Hand County South Dakota
	Hanson County South Dakota
	Harding County South Dakota
	Harney Peak Granite
	Hughes County South Dakota
	Hutchinson County South Dakota
	Hyde County South Dakota
	Jackson County South Dakota
	Jerauld County South Dakota
	Jones County South Dakota
	Kingsbury County South Dakota
	Lake County South Dakota
	Lawrence County South Dakota
	Lincoln County South Dakota
	Lyman County South Dakota
	Marshall County South Dakota
	McCook County South Dakota
	McPherson County South Dakota
	Meade County South Dakota
	Mellette County South Dakota
	Miner County South Dakota
	Minnehaha County South Dakota
	Moody County South Dakota
	Pennington County South Dakota
	Perkins County South Dakota
	Potter County South Dakota
	Roberts County South Dakota
	Sanborn County South Dakota
	Shannon County South Dakota
	Spink County South Dakota
	Stanley County South Dakota
	Sully County South Dakota
	Todd County South Dakota
	Tripp County South Dakota
	Turner County South Dakota
	Union County South Dakota
	Walworth County South Dakota
	Yankton County South Dakota
	Ziebach County South Dakota
RT	Arikaree Group
	Ash H

South Florida Basin
BT	United States
	.Florida
	..South Florida Basin
RT	Gulf Coastal Plain
SN	Added to Thesaurus in 1989.

South Georgia
BT	Atlantic Ocean Islands
	.South Georgia
BT	Scotia Sea Islands
	.South Georgia
UF	South Georgia Island
RT	Antarctica
	Atlantic Ocean
	Falkland Islands
SN	Island 800 miles E of the Falkland Islands of which it is a dependency. This term has multiple hierarchies.

South Georgia Island
USE	South Georgia

South Greenland
BT	Arctic region
	.Greenland
	..South Greenland
RT	East Greenland
	West Greenland
SN	Before 1978, search Greenland AND south or southern.

South Island
RT	Alpine Fault
	Canterbury New Zealand
	Christchurch New Zealand
	Dunedin New Zealand
	Fiordland National Park
	Foveaux Strait
	Fox Glacier
	Haast River
	Inangahua New Zealand
	Kaikoura
	Kakanui
	Mackenzie River
	Mackenzie River valley
	Marlborough New Zealand
	Nelson Ne
SN	Largest island of New Zealand. S and SW of North Island. Also occurs in other location. Search in combination with New Zealand. Also index county or country as applicable.

South Kona
USE	Kona

South Korea
BT	Asia
	.Far East
	..Korea
	...South Korea
NT	Cheju Island
	Janggun Mine
	Kangwon South Korea
	Kyongsang Basin
	Ogcheon Belt
	Pohang South Korea
	Ulsan South Korea
	Yongyang South Korea
RT	North Korea
SN	Officially Republic of Korea. Bounded on N by North Korea, on E by Japan Sea, on S by the Korea Strait, and on W by the Yellow Sea.

South Massif
USE	Causses

South Mountain
RT	Appalachians
	Blue Ridge Mountains
	Maryland
	Nova Scotia
	Pennsylvania
SN	Ridge in W Maryland and S Pennsylvania. Also occurs in Nova Scotia and in other locations. Indexed with counties or states and mountain ranges as applicable.

South Mountain Batholith
RT	Carboniferous
	Devonian
	Nova Scotia
SN	SW Nova Scotia. Indexed with Nova Scotia if applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1985.

South Nahanni River
BT	Canada
	.Western Canada
	..Mackenzie District Northwest Territories
	...South Nahanni River
SN	SW Mackenzie District. This term has multiple hierarchies.

South Orkney Islands
BT	Antarctica
	.South Orkney Islands
BT	Scotia Sea Islands
	.South Orkney Islands
NT	Signy Island
UF	South Orkneys
RT	Falkland Islands
	Orkney Islands
SN	British islands 850 miles NE of Antarctic Peninsula. This term has multiple hierarchies.

South Orkneys
USE	South Orkney Islands

South Pacific
BT	Pacific Ocean
	.South Pacific
NT	Chatham Rise
	Fiji Plateau
	Kermadec Trench
	Southeast Pacific
	Southwest Pacific
RT	North Pacific
	Antarctic Bottom Water
	Northeast Pacific
	West Pacific
	Northwest Pacific
	East Pacific
	Equatorial Pacific
	Leg 21
	DSDP Site 277
	Leg 7
	Pacific Basin
	Pacific-Antarctic Ridge
SN	Before 1978, search Pacific Ocean AND south.

South Pass
RT	Mississippi Delta
	Plaquemines Parish Louisiana
	Wind River Range
	Wyoming
SN	One of the channels at the mouth of the Mississippi River. Also a gap in the Wind River Range of central Wyoming. Indexed with county or region as applicable.

South Platte River
BT	United States
	.South Platte River
RT	Colorado
	Nebraska
	Platte River
SN	River in central to NE Colorado and SW Nebraska. Indexed with states as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1989.

South Platte River valley
BT	United States
	.South Platte River valley
RT	Colorado
	Nebraska
SN	Also search South Platte; South Platte River. Indexed with states as applicable.

South Pole
BT	Antarctica
	.South Pole
RT	Antarctic Polar Cap
	polar caps
	polar regions
SN	The S extremity of the Earth's axis at 90#DG S latitude, and the point from which all directions are N.

South Polish Glaciation
BT	Chronostratigraphic Units
	.Phanerozoic
	..Cenozoic
	...Quarternary
	....Pleistocene
	.....Upper Pleistocene
	......Cromerian
	.......South Polish Glaciation
RT	Poland
SN	Refers to glaciation in S Poland which was roughly the southern limit of Pleistocene glaciers in central Europe.

South Polynesian Pacific
SN	No longer a valid term for GeoRef. Used from 1981-1994 for a region in the southeastern Pacific bounded on the east and south by the East Pacific Rise and the Pacific-Antarctic Ridge, and on the west by a line extending from the southern end of Macquarie

South Ray Crater
BT	Moon
	.South Ray Crater

South Sandwich Islands
BT	Scotia Sea Islands
	.South Sandwich Islands
RT	Antarctica
	Antarctic Ocean
	Atlantic Ocean Islands
	Falkland Islands
SN	Group of small volcanic islands at E end of Scotia Sea about 1350 miles E of Cape Horn. Part of Falkland Island Dependencies. Indexed with Atlantic Ocean Islands and/or Antarctica as applicable.

South Saskatchewan River
BT	Canada
	.Western Canada
	..South Saskatchewan River
RT	Alberta
	Saskatchewan
	North Saskatchewan River
	Saskatchewan River
SN	Rises in the Rocky Mountains of W Alberta. Indexed with provinces as applicable.

South Sea Islands
SN	Not a valid GeoRef index term after 1968. See Oceania; West Pacific Ocean Islands; East Pacific Ocean Islands.

South Shetland Islands
BT	Antarctica
	.South Shetland Islands
BT	Scotia Sea Islands
	.South Shetland Islands
NT	Deception Island
	King George Island
	Livingston Island
UF	South Shetlands
RT	False Bay
	Shetland Islands
	Melville Peninsula
SN	N of the Antarctic Peninsula and S of Drake Passage. Part of British Antarctic Territory. This term has multiple hierarchies.

South Shetlands
USE	South Shetland Islands

South Victoria Land
USE	Victoria Land

South Vietnam
USE	Vietnam

South Wales
BT	Europe
	.Western Europe
	..United Kingdom
	...Great Britain
	....Wales
	.....South Wales
RT	Glamorgan Wales
	Dyfed Wales
SN	Region in S part of Wales. Indexed with counties as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1981.

South Wales coal field
BT	Europe
	.Western Europe
	..United Kingdom
	...Great Britain
	....Wales
	.....South Wales coal field
UF	South Wales Coalfield
RT	coal fields
SN	Concentrated industrial area N of Bristol Channel. Also search South Wales.

South Wales Coalfield
USE	South Wales coal field

South-Central China
SN	No longer a valid term for GeoRef. See provinces: Hubei China, Hunan China, Guangxi China, and Guangdong China. Henan China and Hainan China were considered part of this region for 1992.

South-West Africa
USE	Namibia

South-West England
BT	Europe
	.Western Europe
	..United Kingdom
	...Great Britain
	....England
	.....South-West England
RT	Cornubian Batholith
SN	Added to Thesaurus in 1981.

Southampton County Virginia
BT	United States
	.Virginia
	..Southampton County Virginia

Southeast Asia
BT	Asia
	.Southeast Asia
RT	Great Sumatran Fault
SN	Before 1981, also search Asia AND southeast. Added to Thesaurus in 1981.

Southeast Atlantic
BT	Atlantic Ocean
	.South Atlantic
	..Southeast Atlantic
RT	North Atlantic
	East Atlantic
	Northeast Atlantic
	Northwest Atlantic
	Southwest Atlantic
	West Atlantic
SN	Before 1978, search Atlantic Ocean AND southeast. From 1986-1994, Southeast Atlantic had several narrower terms. See South Atlantic.

Southeast Indian Ridge
BT	Indian Ocean
	.Mid-Indian Ridge
	..Southeast Indian Ridge
NT	Australian-Antarctic discordance
UF	Indian-Antarctic Ridge
	Indo-Antarctic Ridge
RT	Antarctic Ocean
	Leg 28
	mid-ocean ridges
	Rodriguez triple junction
	DSDP Site 265
SN	Added to Thesaurus in 1981.

Southeast Pacific
BT	Pacific Ocean
	.South Pacific
	..Southeast Pacific
BT	Pacific Ocean
	.East Pacific
	..Southeast Pacific
NT	Bauer Deep
	Chile Ridge
	Lau Basin
	Louisville Ridge
	Manihiki Plateau
	Nazca Ridge
	Tonga Trench
RT	Drake Passage
	DSDP Site 157
	DSDP Site 318
	DSDP Site 319
	DSDP Site 320
	DSDP Site 321
	DSDP Site 595
	DSDP Site 596
	DSDP Site 597
	DSDP Site 598
	DSDP Site 599
	DSDP Site 600
	DSDP Site 601
	DSDP Site 73
	DSDP Site 74
	DSDP Site 75
	DSDP Site 76
	DSDP Site 80
	DSDP Sit
SN	Before 1978, search Pacific Ocean AND southeast. Before 1995, South American Pacific and parts of South Polynesian Pacific and Polynesian Pacific were also sometimes used. This term has multiple hierarchies.

Southeastern Alaska
BT	United States
	.Alaska
	..Southeastern Alaska
NT	Alaska Panhandle
	Alexander Archipelago
	Glacier Bay National Park
	Juneau Alaska
	Juneau ice field
	Sitka Sound
	Variegated Glacier
RT	Alexander Terrane
	Fairweather Fault
	Glacier Bay
	Tracy Arm
	Yakutat Terrane
SN	Artificial region based on U.S. Geological Survey quadrangle designations. Includes Alexander Archipelago. Also search quadrangles if applicable. Indexed with quadrangles as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1993.

Southeastern Nigeria
SN	No longer a valid term for GeoRef. Valid 1981-1992.

Southeastern Polish Hills
BT	Europe
	.Central Europe
	..Poland
	...Southeastern Polish Hills
SN	Added to Thesaurus in 1981.

Southeastern Transdanubia
BT	ngary
	.Transdanubia
	..Southeastern Transdanubia
SN	Added to Thesaurus in 1981.

Southeastern U.S.
BT	United States
	.Eastern U.S.
	..Southeastern U.S.
SN	As of 1993, term is used only for broad general discussions. See United States or individual states to search those areas. Added to Thesaurus in 1985.

Southeastern Venezuela
BT	South America
	.Venezuela
	..Southeastern Venezuela
SN	Added to Thesaurus in 1981.

Southern Africa
BT	Africa
	.Southern Africa
NT	Barberton greenstone belt
	Botswana
	Kaapvaal Craton
	Lesotho
	Namaqualand
	Namaqualand metamorphic complex
	Namibia
	Orange River
	South Africa
	Swaziland
	Zimbabwe
RT	West Africa
	North Africa
	Central Africa
	East Africa
	Damara Orogeny
SN	Before 1978, search Africa AND southern.

Southern Alaska
BT	United States
	.Alaska
	..Southern Alaska
NT	Anchorage Alaska
	Bering Glacier
	Chugach Mountains
	Kenai Peninsula
	Knik Arm
	Martin River Glacier
	Matanuska Valley
	Mount Spurr
	Prince William Sound
	Redoubt
	Susitna River
	Susitna River basin
	Talkeetna Mountains
	Turnagain Arm
	Valdez Alaska
	Wrangell Mountains
	Yakutat Bay
RT	Border Ranges Fault
	Denali National Park
	Prince of Wales Island
	Cook Inlet
	Saint Elias Mountains
	Columbia Glacier
	Copper River basin
	Talkeetna Formation
	Delta River
	Trans-Alaska Pipeline
	Yukon-Koyukuk Basin
	Icy Bay
	Middleton Island
	Montague Island
	Yukon-T
SN	Artificial region based on U.S. Geological Survey quadrangle designations. Also search quadrangles if applicable. Indexed with quadrangles as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1993.

Southern Alps
RT	Fox Glacier
	New Zealand
	South Island
SN	Restricted to central South Island, New Zealand. Also index New Zealand and South Island.

Southern Andes
BT	South America
	.Andes
	..Southern Andes
RT	Puna
	Central Andes
	Northern Andes
SN	Before 1978, also search Andes AND south or southern.

Southern Apennines
BT	Europe
	.Southern Europe
	..Italy
	...Apennines
	....Southern Apennines
RT	Sila Massif
	Vulture Mountain
SN	Before 1981, also search Apennines AND South. Northern extent is Sella di Vinchiaturo Pass. Added to Thesaurus in 1981.

Southern Appalachians
BT	North America
	.Appalachians
	..Southern Appalachians
RT	Brevard Zone
	Rome Trough
	Charlotte Belt
	Carolina Terrane
	Kings Mountain Belt
	Central Appalachians
	Northern Appalachians
	Emerson Fault
	Tuscumbia Limestone
SN	Before 1978, also search Appalachians AND south or southern.

Southern Atlantic Coastal Plain
BT	United States
	.Atlantic Coastal Plain
	..Southern Atlantic Coastal Plain
SN	Before 1981, also search Atlantic Coastal Plain AND South. Added to Thesaurus in 1981.

Southern California
BT	United States
	.California
	..Southern California
RT	TERRAscope
	Big Bear earthquake 1992
	Landers earthquake 1992
SN	Before 1978, search California AND south.

Southern California Batholith
BT	United States
	.California
	..Southern California Batholith

Southern Carpathians
USE	Transylvanian Alps

Southern coal field
BT	Australasia
	.Australia
	..New South Wales Australia
	...Southern coal field
UF	Southern Coalfield
RT	coal fields
	Sydney Basin
SN	Sydney Basin, E New South Wales. Added to Thesaurus in 1989.

Southern Coalfield
USE	Southern coal field

Southern Cook Islands
USE	Cook Islands

Southern Europe
BT	Europe
	.Southern Europe
NT	Albania
	Balkan Mountains
	Banat
	Bosnia-Herzegovina
	Bulgaria
	Croatia
	Dalmatia
	Danube Plain
	Dinaric Alps
	Dobruja Basin
	Greece
	Iberian Peninsula
	Ionian Zone
	Istria
	Italy
	Krajiste
	Macedonia
	Malta
	Moesia
	Moesian Platform
	Neretva Valley
	Osogovo Mountains
	Rhodope Mountains
	Romania
	San Marino
	Serbo-Macedonian Massif
	Slovenia
	Struma River valley
	Vardar Zone
	Yugoslavia
SN	Added to Thesaurus in 1981.

Southern Finland Province
BT	Europe
	.Western Europe
	..Scandinavia
	...Finland
	....Southern Finland Province
NT	Helsinki Finland
	Nummi-Pusula Finland
SN	Before 1998, also search Kymi Finland, Uusimaa Finland or Hame Finland, the former provinces. Added to Thesaurus in 1998.

Southern Great Plains
BT	North America
	.Great Plains
	..Southern Great Plains
UF	Southern High Plains
RT	Llano Estacado
	Northern Great Plains
SN	Before 1978, search Great Plains AND south or southern.

Southern Hemisphere
RT	Eastern Hemisphere
	Gondwana
	Northern Hemisphere
	Western Hemisphere
SN	Used when discussing many large areas too numerous to mention.

Southern High Plains
USE	Southern Great Plains

Southern Highlands
RT	Moon
	New South Wales Australia
	Southern Highlands Papua New Guinea
	Southern Uplands
SN	Highland region in New South Wales, Australia. and the cratered highland part of the Moon's southern hemisphere. Before 1993, also used as a province in Papua New Guinea. Search in combination with Australia or Moon as applicable. Indexed with regions as

Southern Highlands Papua New Guinea
BT	Australasia
	.Papua New Guinea
	..Southern Highlands Papua New Guinea
RT	Southern Highlands
SN	Province.

southern Italy earthquake 1980
USE	Irpinia earthquake 1980

Southern Norway
BT	Europe
	.Western Europe
	..Scandinavia
	...Norway
	....Southern Norway
SN	N boundary is Trondheim. Added to Thesaurus in 1981.

Southern Ocean
SN	Not a valid term for GeoRef. Index Antarctic Ocean where waters include parts of the Atlantic Ocean, Pacific Ocean and Indian Ocean south of approximately 55#DG S.

Southern Oklahoma Aulacogen
BT	United States
	.Southern Oklahoma Aulacogen
RT	Oklahoma
	Texas
	Midcontinent
SN	S Midcontinent, N Texas and S Oklahoma. Added to Thesaurus in 1995.

Southern Oscillation
RT	atmosphere
	circulation
	El Nino
	Indian Ocean
	Pacific Ocean
	paleo-oceanography
SN	Fluctuation of the intertropical atmospheric circulation, particularly in the Indian Ocean and Pacific Ocean. It is strongly linked to El Nino which flows along the west coast of South America. Also search ENSO. Added to Thesaurus in 1995.

Southern Peninsula, Michigan
USE	Michigan Lower Peninsula

Southern Province
BT	North America
	.Canadian Shield
	..Southern Province
RT	Ontario
	Wisconsin
	Minnesota
	Michigan
	Lake Superior region
SN	Structural province of the Canadian Shield. Primarily in the Lake Superior region. Indexed with Ontario and/or states as applicable.

Southern Ranges, Buenos Aires
USE	Sierras Australes

Southern Rhodesia
USE	Zimbabwe

Southern Rocky Mountains
BT	North America
	.Rocky Mountains
	..Southern Rocky Mountains
RT	United States
	U. S. Rocky Mountains
	Northern Rocky Mountains
	Central Rocky Mountains
SN	Before 1978, also search Rocky Mountains AND (south OR southern).

Southern Swiss Alps
BT	Europe
	.Central Europe
	..Switzerland
	...Swiss Alps
	....Southern Swiss Alps
SN	This term has multiple hierarchies. Added to Thesaurus in 1981.

Southern Transdanubia
BT	ngary
	.Transdanubia
	..Southern Transdanubia
SN	Added to Thesaurus in 1981.

Southern U.S.
BT	United States
	.Southern U.S.
RT	Mississippi Valley
SN	As of 1993, term is used only for broad general discussions. For complete search, also search states. Added to Thesaurus in 1981.

Southern Uplands
RT	England
	Florida
	Nova Scotia
	Scotland
	Southern Highlands
SN	Between the Scottish Lowlands to the N and the Cheviot Hills on the English border to the S. Also used in Florida and in Nova Scotia. Indexed with counties or regions as applicable.

Southern Urals
BT	Commonwealth of Independent States
	.Urals
	..Southern Urals
NT	Ural-Tau
RT	Russian Federation
	Kazakhstan
	Mugodzhar Hills
	Bakal Russian Federation
	Sakmara Zone
	Taratash Complex
	Zhetybay Kazakhstan
SN	Section of the Urals N of the Mugodzhar Hills.

Southern Yemen
USE	Yemen
SN	Former Peoples Democratic Republic of Yemen. United with Yemen Arab Republic in 1990.

Southland New Zealand
BT	Australasia
	.New Zealand
	..Southland New Zealand
NT	Fiordland National Park
RT	South Island
SN	A land district in SW South Island. Also index South Island.

Southwest Atlantic
BT	Atlantic Ocean
	.South Atlantic
	..Southwest Atlantic
RT	North Atlantic
	East Atlantic
	Northeast Atlantic
	Northwest Atlantic
	Southeast Atlantic
	West Atlantic
SN	Before 1978, search Atlantic Ocean AND southwest.

Southwest Florida Water Management District
BT	United States
	.Florida
	..Southwest Florida Water Management District
RT	Gulf Coastal Plain
	Floridan Aquifer
SN	Added to Thesaurus in 1985.

Southwest Indian Ridge
BT	Indian Ocean
	.Southwest Indian Ridge
RT	mid-ocean ridges
	Atlantis II fracture zone
	Leg 118
	Leg 176
	ODP Site 732
	ODP Site 733
	ODP Site 734
	ODP Site 735
	Rodriguez triple junction
SN	Added to Thesaurus in 1981.

Southwest Pacific
BT	Pacific Ocean
	.South Pacific
	..Southwest Pacific
BT	Pacific Ocean
	.West Pacific
	..Southwest Pacific
NT	Arafura Sea
	Banda Sea
	Bismarck Sea
	Coral Sea
	Java Sea
	Lord Howe Rise
	Norfolk Ridge
	North Fiji Basin
	Tasman Basin
	Tasman Sea
	Torres Strait
RT	Bonaparte Gulf basin
	Broken Bay
	DSDP Site 204
	DSDP Site 205
	DSDP Site 206
	DSDP Site 209
	DSDP Site 262
	DSDP Site 275
	DSDP Site 276
	DSDP Site 277
	DSDP Site 278
	DSDP Site 279
	DSDP Site 280
	DSDP Site 281
	DSDP Site 285
	DSDP Site 286
	DSDP Site 288
	DSDP Site 64
SN	Before 1978, search Pacific Ocean AND southwest. Before 1995, parts of South Polynesian Pacific and Polynesian Pacific were sometimes used. This term has multiple hierarchies.

Southwestern Alaska
BT	United States
	.Alaska
	..Southwestern Alaska
NT	Alaska Peninsula
	Aleutian Islands
	Katmai
	Katmai National Park
	Kodiak Island
	Novarupta
	Nunivak Island
	Shelikof Strait
	Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes
RT	Pavlof
	Cook Inlet
	Augustine
	Yukon-Koyukuk Basin
SN	Artificial region based on U.S. Geological Survey quadrangle designations. Includes Aleutian Islands and Kodiak Island. Also search quadrangles if applicable. Also index quadrangles if applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1993.

Southwestern China
SN	No longer a valid term for GeoRef. Used as a regional term from 1985-1992. Now see Guizhou China, Sichuan China, Yunnan China and Xizang China.

Southwestern German Hills
BT	Europe
	.Central Europe
	..Germany
	...Southwestern German Hills
RT	Holzmaden region
SN	Added to Thesaurus in 1981.

Southwestern German Massifs
BT	Europe
	.Central Europe
	..Germany
	...Southwestern German Massifs
RT	Hesse Germany
SN	Chiefly in S Hesse. Indexed with German states as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1993.

Southwestern U.S.
BT	United States
	.Southwestern U.S.
SN	As of 1993, term is used only for broad general discussions. Before 1978, also search United States AND (southwest OR southwestern). For complete search, also search states.

Southwestern USSR
SN	No longer a valid term for GeoRef. As of 1993, see Commonwealth of Independent States. Before 1978, search USSR AND (southwest OR southwestern).

Soviet Altai Mountains
SN	No longer a valid term for GeoRef. Before 1993, used for the Altai Mountains in the USSR. After 1993, search Altai Mountains with Russian Federation or Kazakhstan. Also see Siberian fold belt.

Soviet Arctic
USE	Russian Arctic

Soviet Carpathians
USE	Ukrainian Carpathians

Soviet Central Asia
USE	Central Asia

Soviet Far East
USE	Russian Far East

Soviet Fennoscandia
USE	Russian Fennoscandia

Soviet Pacific region
USE	Russian Pacific region

Soviet Union
SN	Not a valid term for GeoRef. See USSR or Commonwealth of Independent States.

sovite
BT	igneous rocks
	.plutonic rocks
	..carbonatites
	...sovite

Sowerbyella
BT	Invertebrata
	.Brachiopoda
	..Articulata
	...Strophomenida
	....Sowerbyella

Sowie Mountains
BT	Europe
	.Central Europe
	..Poland
	...Sowie Mountains
BT	Europe
	.Central Europe
	..Sudeten Mountains
	...Sowie Mountains
UF	Eulengebirge
RT	Polish Sudeten Mountains
	Klodzko Unit
SN	Range of the Sudeten Mountains in Lower Silesia in SW Poland. This term has multiple hierarchies.