IODP SEDIS - Thesaurus -

Pr
USE	praseodymium

practice
RT	curation
	employment
	ethics
	forensic geology
	geologists
	licensing
	minorities
	registration
	technical writing
	women
SN	Before 1975, also search geology as a profession.

Praecardiida
BT	Invertebrata
	.Mollusca
	..Bivalvia
	...Praecardiida

Pragian
BT	Chronostratigraphic Units
	.Phanerozoic
	..Paleozoic
	...Devonian
	....Lower Devonian
	.....Pragian
SN	Europe. Lower Devonian, above Lochkovian and below Zlichovian. Added to Thesaurus in 1985.

Prague Czech Republic
BT	Europe
	.Central Europe
	..Czech Republic
	...Bohemia
	....Prague Czech Republic
UF	Praha Czech Republic
SN	City in central Bohemia. Before 1995, Prague Czechoslovakia was also used.

Praha Czech Republic
USE	Prague Czech Republic

Prahova Romania
BT	Europe
	.Southern Europe
	..Romania
	...Walachia
	....Prahova Romania
NT	Ploesti Romania
	Sinaia Romania
	Slanic Romania
RT	Teleajen Valley
SN	County in NE Walachia, S central Romania.

Prairie Bluff Chalk
BT	Chronostratigraphic Units
	.Phanerozoic
	..Mesozoic
	...Cretaceous
	....Upper Cretaceous
	.....Gulfian
	......Prairie Bluff Chalk
RT	Mississippi
	Alabama
	Selma Group
SN	In Selma Group. SW Mississippi and Alabama. Added to Thesaurus in 1995.

Prairie County Arkansas
BT	United States
	.Arkansas
	..Prairie County Arkansas
SN	E central Arkansas.

Prairie County Montana
BT	United States
	.Montana
	..Prairie County Montana
SN	E Montana.

Prairie du Chien Group
BT	Chronostratigraphic Units
	.Phanerozoic
	..Paleozoic
	...Ordovician
	....Lower Ordovician
	.....Prairie du Chien Group
RT	Iowa
	Illinois
	Wisconsin
	Minnesota
	Oneota Dolomite
	Shakopee Formation
SN	SW Wisconsin, Illinois, Iowa and S Minnesota. Added to Thesaurus in 1985.

Prairie Evaporite
BT	Chronostratigraphic Units
	.Phanerozoic
	..Paleozoic
	...Devonian
	....Middle Devonian
	.....Prairie Evaporite
RT	Saskatchewan
	Montana
	North Dakota
	Manitoba
	Elk Point Group
SN	Salt and anhydrite beds that form upper unit of Elk Point Group. Subsurface. Also search Prairie Formation NOT Louisiana. For Pleistocene formation in Louisiana, search Prairie Formation AND Louisiana.

prairies
RT	ecology
	grasslands
	plains
	revegetation
	steppes
SN	Added to Thesaurus in 1993.

Prakasam India
BT	Asia
	.Indian Peninsula
	..India
	...Andhra Pradesh India
	....Prakasam India
RT	heavy mineral deposits
SN	Andhra Pradesh, India. Heavy mineral deposits.

Pranhita-Godavari Valley
BT	Asia
	.Indian Peninsula
	..India
	...Pranhita-Godavari Valley
RT	Andhra Pradesh India
	Godavari Valley
	Maharashtra India
SN	Combined valleys of the Pranhita and Godavari river systems. Indexed with states as applicable.

praseodymium
BT	metals
	.rare earths
	..praseodymium
UF	Pr

prasinite
USE	greenschist

Pratt County Kansas
BT	United States
	.Kansas
	..Pratt County Kansas
SN	S Kansas.

Prbram Czech Republic
USE	Pribram Czech Republic

Pre-Cambrian
USE	Precambrian

pre-Neanderthal
SN	No longer a valid term for GeoRef. See Hominidae.

Prealps
BT	Europe
	.Alps
	..Prealps
UF	Alpine Foreland
RT	Italy
SN	Mostly in Italy.

Prebetic Zone
BT	Europe
	.Southern Europe
	..Iberian Peninsula
	...Spain
	....Prebetic Zone
RT	Betic Cordillera
	Subbetic Zone
SN	A geographic term with stratigraphic-tectonic connotations.

Preble County Ohio
BT	United States
	.Ohio
	..Preble County Ohio

Preboreal
BT	locene
	.Preboreal
UF	Subarctic
RT	Boreal
SN	Europe. An interval of postglacial time following the Younger Dryas of the late-glacial Arctic interval and preceding the Boreal.

Precambrian
BT	Chronostratigraphic Units
	.Precambrian
NT	Archean
	Proterozoic
	Acungui Group
	Adirondack Anorthosite
	Animikie Group
	Anshan Group
	Assyntic Orogeny
	Avalonian Orogeny
	Baltimore Gneiss
	Bijawar System
	Biwabik Iron Formation
	Brockman Iron Formation
	Carrizo Mountain Formation
	Catoctin Formation
	Central Rand Group
	Changcheng System
	Changzhougou Formation
	Chelmsford Formation
	Chuanlinggou Formation
	Chuar Group
	Cuddapah System
	Delhi Supergroup
	Eocambrian
	Espanola Formation
	Fig Tree Series
	Flinton Group
	Fortescue Group
	Great Smoky Group
	Grenvillian Orogeny
	Gunflint Iron Formation
	Hamersley Group
	Harbour Main Group
	Hazel Formation
	Hecla Hoek Formation
	Hudsonian Orogeny
	Idaho Springs Formation
	Johnnie Formation
	Jupiter Member
	Kaladgi System
	Katangan Orogeny
	Kenoran Orogeny
	Kingston Peak Formation
	Kisseynew Complex
	Knife Lake Group
	Ladoga Series
	Laramie anorthosite complex
	Levack Gneiss
	Lewisian Complex
	Luoquan Formation
	middle Precambrian
	Minas Series
	Missi Group
	Nipissing Diabase
	Nokomis Group
	Nonesuch Shale
	Noonday Dolomite
	North Shore Volcanics
	Onverwacht Group
	Osler Series
	Pahrump Series
	Pelona Schist
	Penokean Orogeny
	Penrhyn Slate
	Pongola Supergroup
	Prichard Formation
	Prince Albert Group
	Purcell System
	Roan Supergroup
	Sandia Granite
	Sherridon Group
	Sioux Quartzite
	Sokoman Formation
	Stillwater Complex
	Stirling Quartzite
	Sveconorwegian Orogeny
	Swaziland Sequence
	Swaziland System
	Transvaal Supergroup
	Twilight Gneiss
	Uinta Mountain Group
	Unkar Group
	upper Precambrian
	Vadito Group
	Ventersdorp Supergroup
	Wasekwan Group
	Waterberg System
	Wilcox Formation
	Witwatersrand Supergroup
	Wyman Formation
	Yellowjacket Formation
UF	Pre-Cambrian
RT	Kurnool System
	Ballachulish Complex
	Cadomian Orogeny
	Baikalian Phase
	Dalradian
	Bhander Group
	Limpopo Belt
	Deer Lake Group
	Dore Lake Complex
	Duluth Complex
	Hector Formation
	Highland Complex
	Jacobsville Sandstone
	Kaimur Sandstone
	Lardeau Group
	Middle Run Fo
SN	As of 1981, Archean is used for lower Precambrian.

Precambrian Shield
USE	Canadian Shield

precession
RT	Milankovitch theory
	motions
	obliquity of the ecliptic
	processes
SN	Used as a general term.

precious metals
BT	metals
	.precious metals
RT	geochemistry
	base metals
	alkali metals
	metal ores
	heavy metals
	chemical elements
	electrum
SN	Includes gold, silver, platinum group.

precipitation
RT	atmospheric precipitation
	chemically precipitated rocks
	crystallization
	evaporite deposits
	evaporites
	hydrology
	particles
	geochemistry
	rivers and streams
	runoff
	sedimentation
	storms
	water
SN	As of 1978, term refers to geochemistry. For meteorology, use atmospheric precipitation.

precision
RT	accuracy
	errors
	instruments
	measurement
	methods
	quality control
	reliability
	techniques
SN	Use restricted to occurrences where it is a major concept. Also see accuracy. Added to Thesaurus in 1993.

Precordillera
BT	South America
	.Precordillera
RT	Argentina
	Chile
SN	Indexed with countries and regions as applicable.

precursors
RT	acoustical emissions
	earthquake prediction
	radon emanometry
	seismology
	stress drops
	VAN method

predation
RT	bioerosion
	carnivorous taxa
	diet
	feeding
	nutrition
	paleontology
	trophic analysis
SN	Added to Thesaurus in 1985.

predators
RT	ecology
	paleoecology
SN	Added to Thesaurus in 1989.

Predazzo Italy
BT	Europe
	.Southern Europe
	..Italy
	...Trentino-Alto Adige Italy
	....Predazzo Italy
SN	City and resort in Dolomites in S Trento-Alto Adige, NE Italy.

prediction
RT	chaos
	extrapolation
	maximum likelihood
SN	As of 1993, use earthquake prediction if applicable.

prediction maps
BT	maps
	.prediction maps
RT	economics
	possibilities
	reserves
SN	Added to Thesaurus in 1981.

preferential flow
RT	breakthrough curves
	connectivity
	fractured materials
	ground water
	hydraulics
	hydrodynamics
	layered materials
	leaching
	movement
	patterns
	permeability
	porous materials
	saturated zone
	solute transport
	transmissivity
	unsaturated zone
SN	Also search double porosity if applicable. See transport. Added to Thesaurus in 1995.

preferred orientation
RT	fabric
	lineation
	orientation
	petrofabrics
	structural analysis
	tectonite

prehistory
SN	Not a valid GeoRef index term after 1970. See archaeology; anthropology.

prehnite
BT	silicates
	.sheet silicates
	..prehnite
RT	aluminosilicates

prehnite-pumpellyite facies
BT	facies
	.prehnite-pumpellyite facies
RT	metamorphic rocks

premonitory phenomena
SN	As of 1981, no longer a valid term for GeoRef. Use precursors.

Prentiss County Mississippi
BT	United States
	.Mississippi
	..Prentiss County Mississippi

preobrazhenskite
BT	borates
	.preobrazhenskite

preparation
RT	sample preparation
SN	Use sample preparation where applicable.

pres

Prescott County Ontario
BT	Canada
	.Eastern Canada
	..Ontario
	...Prescott County Ontario

preservation
RT	curation
	geologic sites
	Lagerstatten
	land use
	regulations
	soft parts
	taphonomy

Presidente Vargas
SN	Not a valid term for GeoRef. See Itabira Brazil.

Presidio County Texas
BT	United States
	.Texas
	..Presidio County Texas
SN	Extreme W Texas.

Presque Isle
BT	United States
	.Pennsylvania
	..Erie County Pennsylvania
	...Presque Isle
SN	As of 1989, used only for the small peninsula in Lake Erie in NW Pennsylvania. For the city in Aroostook County, Maine, use Presque Isle Maine. For the county in NE Michigan, use Presque Isle County Michigan.

Presque Isle County Michigan
BT	United States
	.Michigan
	..Michigan Lower Peninsula
	...Presque Isle County Michigan
SN	NE Michigan.

Presque Isle Maine
BT	United States
	.Maine
	..Aroostook County Maine
	...Presque Isle Maine
SN	City in N Maine.

pressure
NT	high pressure
	low pressure
RT	atmospheric pressure
	capillary pressure
	compression
	confining pressure
	decompaction
	decompression
	deformation
	earth pressure
	fluid inclusions
	fluid pressure
	geopressure
	hydraulic pressure
	hydrostatic pressure
	isochores
	lithostatic pressure
	load pressure
	P

pressure meters
USE	pressuremeters

pressure solution
RT	diagenesis
	solution

pressure wave
USE	P-waves

pressuremeter tests
RT	instruments
	pressuremeters
SN	Added to Thesaurus in 1993.

pressuremeters
UF	piezometers
	pressure meters
RT	instruments
	hydrophones
	pressure
	surface tension
	minipermeameters
	pressuremeter tests
	transducers
SN	Added to Thesaurus in 1985.

prestack migration
BT	seismic migration
	.prestack migration
UF	prestack seismic migration
RT	seismic methods
	dip moveout
	migration
	stacking
	poststack migration
	three-dimensional methods
SN	Added to Thesaurus in 1998.

prestack seismic migration
USE	prestack migration

Preston County West Virginia
BT	United States
	.West Virginia
	..Preston County West Virginia
SN	N West Virginia.

Preston Peak
RT	Klamath Mountains
	Siskiyou County California
SN	In Siskiyou Mountains in Siskiyou County in extreme N California. Indexed with county and Klamath Mountains as applicable.

Presumpscot Formation
BT	Chronostratigraphic Units
	.Phanerozoic
	..Cenozoic
	...Quarternary
	....Pleistocene
	.....Presumpscot Formation
RT	New Hampshire
	Maine
SN	Maine and SE New Hampshire. Added to Thesaurus in 1989.

Pretoria Group
BT	Chronostratigraphic Units
	.Precambrian
	..Proterozoic
	...Pretoria Group
RT	South Africa
	Botswana
	Transvaal Supergroup
SN	Proterozoic. South Africa and Botswana. In Transvaal Supergroup. Added to Thesaurus in 1993.

Pretoria South Africa
BT	Africa
	.Southern Africa
	..South Africa
	...Guateng South Africa
	....Pretoria South Africa
RT	impact features
SN	NE South Africa.

prevention
SN	A valid general term through mid-1978.

preventive measures
RT	aquifer vulnerability
	beach nourishment
	environmental geology
	mitigation
	public awareness
	safety
SN	Before 1998, also search mitigation if applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1981.

Priabonian
BT	Chronostratigraphic Units
	.Phanerozoic
	..Cenozoic
	...Paleogene
	....Eocene
	.....Priabonian
BT	Chronostratigraphic Units
	.Phanerozoic
	..Cenozoic
	...Paleogene
	....Eocene
	.....upper Eocene
	......Priabonian
RT	Bartonian
	Auversian
	Ludian
SN	Europe.

Priapulida
BT	Invertebrata
	.Vermes
	..Priapulida

Pribram Czech Republic
BT	Europe
	.Central Europe
	..Czech Republic
	...Bohemia
	....Pribram Czech Republic
UF	Prbram Czech Republic
SN	City SW of Prague in central Bohemia. Before 1995, Pribram Czechoslovakia was also used.

price
RT	cost
	economics
SN	Added to Thesaurus in 1981.

Price County Wisconsin
BT	United States
	.Wisconsin
	..Price County Wisconsin

Price Formation
BT	Chronostratigraphic Units
	.Phanerozoic
	..Paleozoic
	...Carboniferous
	....Mississippian
	.....Price Formation
RT	Virginia
SN	Includes Cloyd Conglomerate Member. SW Virginia.

Price River basin
RT	Colorado Plateau
	Utah
SN	Central Utah. May also occur in other locations. Indexed with counties and/or Utah or regions as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1985.

Price River Formation
BT	Chronostratigraphic Units
	.Phanerozoic
	..Mesozoic
	...Cretaceous
	....Upper Cretaceous
	.....Price River Formation
RT	Utah
	Colorado
	Mesaverde Group
	Castlegate Sandstone
SN	In Mesaverde Group. Central and E central Utah and W central Wyoming. Added to Thesaurus in 1985.

Prichard Formation
BT	Chronostratigraphic Units
	.Precambrian
	..Prichard Formation
RT	Idaho
	Montana
	Belt Supergroup
SN	Belt Supergroup. NE Idaho and NW Montana.

Pride Mountain Formation
BT	Chronostratigraphic Units
	.Phanerozoic
	..Paleozoic
	...Carboniferous
	....Mississippian
	.....Upper Mississippian
	......Pride Mountain Formation
RT	Mississippi
	Alabama
SN	Warrior Basin, N Alabama and NE Mississippi.

priderite
BT	oxides
	.priderite
RT	iron oxides

Pridolian
BT	Chronostratigraphic Units
	.Phanerozoic
	..Paleozoic
	...Silurian
	....Upper Silurian
	.....Pridolian
SN	Europe.

Priduli
BT	Chronostratigraphic Units
	.Phanerozoic
	..Paleozoic
	...Silurian
	....Priduli

Prikumsk Russian Federation
BT	Commonwealth of Independent States
	.Russian Federation
	..Stavropol Russian Federation
	...Prikumsk Russian Federation
UF	Budennovsk Russian Federation
SN	City in Stavropol Kray in the Northern Caucasus. Before 1993, Prikumsk Russian Republic was also used. This term has multiple hierarchies.

primary dispersion
RT	dispersion patterns
	mineral exploration
	secondary dispersion
SN	Before 1978, search primary AND dispersion.

primary magnetization
BT	magnetization
	.primary magnetization
RT	characteristic remanent magnetization
SN	Added to Thesaurus in 1981.

primary migration
RT	migration
	petroleum
SN	For migration of elastic waves use seismic migration. Added to Thesaurus in 1985.

primary structures
BT	sedimentary structures
	.primary structures
RT	secondary structures
	ball-and-pillow
	bedding
	ripple marks

primary wave
USE	P-waves

Primates
BT	Chordata
	.Vertebrata
	..Tetrapoda
	...Mammalia
	....Theria
	.....Eutheria
	......Primates
NT	Hominidae
	Prosimii
	simians
RT	fossil man
SN	Order.

Primorski Krai
USE	Primorye Russian Federation

Primorye Russian Federation
BT	Commonwealth of Independent States
	.Russian Federation
	..Primorye Russian Federation
BT	Asia
	.Primorye Russian Federation
NT	Kavalerovo Russian Federation
	Tetyukhe Russian Federation
	Vladivostok Russian Federation
UF	Maritime Kray
	Primorski Krai
RT	Russian Far East
	Barabash Suite
	Tatar Strait
	Sikhote-Alin Range
	Suchan Basin
SN	Primorye Kray (territory). New name for Primorski Krai which is the SE section of the Russian Far East between NE China and the Japan Sea. Before 1993, Primorye Russian Republic was also used. This term has multiple hierarchies.

Prince Albert Group
BT	Chronostratigraphic Units
	.Precambrian
	..Prince Albert Group
RT	Canada
	Saskatchewan

Prince Charles Mountains
BT	Antarctica
	.Prince Charles Mountains
SN	In Mac-Robertson Land near the Amery Ice Shelf on Indian Ocean side.

Prince County Prince Edward Island
BT	Canada
	.Eastern Canada
	..Maritime Provinces
	...Prince Edward Island
	....Prince County Prince Edward Island

Prince Edward County Ontario
BT	Canada
	.Eastern Canada
	..Ontario
	...Prince Edward County Ontario

Prince Edward County Virginia
BT	United States
	.Virginia
	..Prince Edward County Virginia

Prince Edward Island
BT	Canada
	.Eastern Canada
	..Maritime Provinces
	...Prince Edward Island
NT	Kings County Prince Edward Island
	Prince County Prince Edward Island
	Queens County Prince Edward Island
RT	Cumberland Basin
	Cardigan Bay
	Northumberland Strait
	Pictou Group
SN	As of 1993, restricted to the island in the Gulf of Saint Lawrence constituting a Canadian province. For the island in the Indian Ocean, see Prince Edward Island Group.

Prince Edward Island Group
BT	Indian Ocean Islands
	.Prince Edward Island Group
UF	Prince Edward Islands
SN	SE Indian Ocean. Territory of South Africa. Added to Thesaurus in 1993.

Prince Edward Islands
USE	Prince Edward Island Group

Prince George County Virginia
BT	United States
	.Virginia
	..Prince George County Virginia

Prince Georges County Maryland
BT	United States
	.Maryland
	..Prince Georges County Maryland
SN	Central Maryland.

Prince of Wales Island
RT	Alaska
	Alexander Archipelago
	Franklin District Northwest Territories
	Northwest Territories
	Southern Alaska
SN	Largest island of Alexander Archipelago in SE Alaska, W of Ketchikan; and an island between Victoria and Somerset islands in Franklin District, Northwest Territories. Indexed with Southeastern Alaska and/or Northwest Territories as applicable.

Prince Olaf Coast
USE	Prince Olav Coast

Prince Olav Coast
BT	Antarctica
	.Enderby Land
	..Prince Olav Coast
UF	Prince Olaf Coast
RT	Queen Maud Land
	Lutzow-Holm Bay
	Syowa Station
SN	Coast of Enderby Land, Antarctica, bordering the Indian Ocean. Added to Thesaurus in 1989.

Prince Rupert British Columbia
BT	Canada
	.Western Canada
	..British Columbia
	...Prince Rupert British Columbia
SN	City in W British Columbia on Kaien Island in Chatham Sound near extreme SE Alaska.

Prince William County Virginia
BT	United States
	.Virginia
	..Prince William County Virginia
SN	N Virginia. Also search Manassas Virginia and/or Manassas Park Virginia if applicable.

Prince William Sound
BT	United States
	.Alaska
	..Southern Alaska
	...Prince William Sound
RT	Exxon Valdez oil spill
	Montague Island
SN	Inlet of Gulf of Alaska E of Kenai Peninsula.

Prince William Terrane
BT	United States
	.Alaska
	..Prince William Terrane
RT	Coast Belt
SN	S Alaska. Added to Thesaurus in 1989.

Princess Anne County Virginia
SN	No longer a valid term for GeoRef. Now included in the independent city of Virginia Beach Virginia.

Princeton
SN	No longer a valid term for GeoRef. As of 1993, use Princeton British Columbia for the village in S British Columbia, in the Cascade Range. As of 1989, use Princeton New Jersey for the borough in New Jersey.

Princeton British Columbia
BT	Canada
	.Western Canada
	..British Columbia
	...Princeton British Columbia
SN	Village in S British Columbia, in the Cascade Range.

Princeton New Jersey
BT	United States
	.New Jersey
	..Mercer County New Jersey
	...Princeton New Jersey
SN	Borough in W central New Jersey.

principal components analysis
BT	statistical analysis
	.principal components analysis
RT	components
SN	Added to Thesaurus in 1981.

Principe
BT	Atlantic Ocean Islands
	.Sao Tome e Principe
	..Principe
RT	Sao Tome
SN	Island in Gulf of Guinea. Formerly Portuguese territory, now part of independent nation Sao Tome e Principe. Added to Thesaurus in 1985.

principles
RT	geology

Pripet Basin
BT	Europe
	.Pripet Basin
BT	Commonwealth of Independent States
	.Pripet Basin
UF	Pripet Depression
	Pripyat Basin
RT	Ukraine
	Belarus
	Polesye
SN	River basin most of which comprises the Pripet or Pinsk Marshes which is the largest tract of swamp in Europe. Largely coextensive with Polesye Lowland. Also search Pripet. This term has multiple hierarchies. Indexed with former Soviet republics as applic

Pripet Depression
USE	Pripet Basin

Pripyat Basin
USE	Pripet Basin

prismatine
USE	kornerupine

pristane
BT	organic compounds
	.hydrocarbons
	..aliphatic hydrocarbons
	...alkanes
	....pristane
SN	Added to Thesaurus in 1985.

Privas France
BT	Europe
	.Western Europe
	..France
	...Ardeche France
	....Privas France
SN	Town in E Ardeche, SE central France.

probability
BT	statistical analysis
	.probability
RT	reliability
	mathematical geology
	mathematical methods
	chaos
	stochastic processes
	sampling
	maximum likelihood
	uncertainty
	extrapolation

probe permeameters
USE	minipermeameters

probe, electron
USE	electron probe

probe, ion
USE	ion probe

probe, laser
USE	laser methods

probe, neutron
USE	neutron probe

problematic
SN	A valid index term through 1977 used in combination with fossils (i.e. fossils, problematic). After 1977, use problematic fossils.

problematic fossils
NT	Calcisphaerulidae
	Dacryoconarida
	problematic microfossils
UF	problematical fossils
RT	paleontology
	fossils
	Stromatoporoidea
	chemical fossils
	fossilization
	nannofossils
	miscellanea
	Receptaculitaceae
	Hyolithes
	Tentaculites
	Tentaculitida
	Tentaculitidae
SN	Before 1978, also search fossils AND (problematical OR problematic OR problematic organisms). Before 1981, Hyolithidae was included as a narrower term, now see Hyolithes. Before 1981 Receptaculitaceae was included as a narrower term.

problematic microfossils
BT	microfossils
	.problematic microfossils
BT	problematic fossils
	.problematic microfossils
NT	Bolboforma
	Tubiphytes
RT	miscellanea
SN	This term has multiple hierarchies.

problematic palynomorphs
BT	palynomorphs
	.problematic palynomorphs
RT	microfossils
SN	Indexed with problematic microfossils if applicable.

problematical fossils
USE	problematic fossils

problems
SN	A valid general term through mid-1978.

Proboscidea
BT	Chordata
	.Vertebrata
	..Tetrapoda
	...Mammalia
	....Theria
	.....Eutheria
	......Proboscidea
NT	Barytherioidea
	Deinotherioidea
	Elephantoidea
	Gomphotheriidae
	Mastodontoidea
	Moeritherioidea
SN	Order.

procaryotes
USE	prokaryotes

processes
RT	adsorption
	advection
	aggradation
	albitization
	alteration
	alunitization
	amphibolitization
	argillization
	aromatization
	atectonic processes
	autometamorphism
	bauxitization
	bioerosion
	biomineralization
	brecciation
	burial
	calcification
	calcitization
	carbonatiza

Proconsul
BT	Chordata
	.Vertebrata
	..Tetrapoda
	...Mammalia
	....Theria
	.....Eutheria
	......Primates
	.......simians
	........Pongidae
	.........Proconsul
RT	Dryopithecus
	Sivapithecus
SN	Genus.

production
RT	aromatization
	beneficiation
	economics
	exploitation
	offshore
	onshore
	optimization
	ore grade
	pelletization
	production control
	production value
	productive capacity
	pumping
	smelters
	tonnage
	water wells
SN	When referring to mining geology before May 1978, also search extraction. See tonnage if applicable. May be used with commodity terms, e.g. petroleum.

production control
UF	control, production
RT	mining geology
	production
	technology

production value
RT	economics
	production
SN	Added to Thesaurus in 1981.

productive capacity
RT	economics
	evaluation
	exploitation
	mineral economics
	ore grade
	production
	resources
SN	Added to Thesaurus in 1981.

productivity
RT	biomass
	ecology
	economics
	paleoecology
SN	Before 1995, also search paleoproductivity if applicable.

products
SN	A valid general term through mid-1978.

Proetidae
BT	Invertebrata
	.Arthropoda
	..Trilobitomorpha
	...Trilobita
	....Ptychopariida
	.....Proetidae
SN	Family.

professional registration
USE	registration

profiles
SN	As of 1981, no longer a valid term for GeoRef. See cross sections; geophysical profiles; soil profiles; geochemical profiles; beach profiles.

profitability
RT	cutoff grade
	economics
SN	Added to Thesaurus in 1981.

Proganosauria
SN	As of 1993, no longer a valid term for GeoRef.

progradation
RT	littoral drift
	sedimentation
	shore features

prograde metamorphism
BT	metamorphism
	.prograde metamorphism
RT	Barrovian-type deposits
	retrograde metamorphism
	epizonal metamorphism
	polymetamorphism
SN	Before 1978, also search metamorphism AND prograde.

Program for Array Seismic Studies of the Continental Lithosphere
USE	PASSCAL

Program Voyager
USE	Voyager Program

programming languages
USE	computer languages

programs
UF	projects
RT	associations
	education
	computer programs
	KTB
	mineral exploration
	IGBP
	BRIM
	computers
	Continental Scientific Drilling Program
	CUSMAP
	Dry Valley Drilling Project
	European Geotraverse
	INDEPTH
	GISP2
	GRIP
	GLIMPCE
	International Lithosphere Program
	IRIS network

progress report
BT	report
	.progress report
RT	associations
	annual report
	current research
	survey organizations
	symposia
	research

Project Voyager
USE	Voyager Program

projects
USE	programs

prokaryotes
UF	Monera
	procaryotes
RT	biologic evolution
	Plantae
	cyanobacteria
	Protista
	thallophytes
	bacteria
	paleobotany
	eukaryotes
SN	Member of group of organisms which have no vesicular nucleus or membrane-bounded organelles. Groups included are cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) and bacteria.

Prokopyevsk Russian Federation
BT	Commonwealth of Independent States
	.Russian Federation
	..Kemerovo Russian Federation
	...Prokopyevsk Russian Federation
SN	City at S end of Kuznetsk Basin in Kemerovo Oblast in S Siberia. Before 1993, Prokopyevsk Russian Republic was also used. This term has multiple hierarchies.

Prolecanitida
BT	Invertebrata
	.Mollusca
	..Cephalopoda
	...Tetrabranchiata
	....Ammonoidea
	.....Prolecanitida

proluvium
BT	sediments
	.clastic sediments
	..proluvium

prometheum
USE	promethium

promethium
BT	metals
	.rare earths
	..promethium
UF	Pm
	prometheum

propagation
RT	eikonal equation
	elastic waves
	electromagnetic waves
	ocean waves
	seismic coherency
	seismology
	shock waves
	wave splitting
	waves
SN	As of 1993, use emplacement with intrusions.

propane
BT	organic compounds
	.hydrocarbons
	..aliphatic hydrocarbons
	...alkanes
	....propane
RT	dibromochloropropane
SN	Added to Thesaurus in 1985.

properties
RT	acoustical properties
	behavior
	bioavailability
	brightness
	bulk density
	chemical properties
	connectivity
	constitutive equations
	dielectric properties
	dispersivity
	dynamic properties
	elastic properties
	elastodynamic properties
	electrical properties
	electroc

Propria Geosyncline
BT	South America
	.Brazil
	..Sergipe Brazil
	...Propria Geosyncline
RT	geosynclines
SN	In Propria region of Sergipe State, on the lower Sao Francisco River near the Atlantic Ocean.

propylite
BT	metamorphic rocks
	.metasomatic rocks
	..propylite
RT	andesites
	propylitization

propylitization
BT	metasomatism
	.propylitization
RT	processes
	hydrothermal alteration
	propylite

Prosimii
BT	Chordata
	.Vertebrata
	..Tetrapoda
	...Mammalia
	....Theria
	.....Eutheria
	......Primates
	.......Prosimii
NT	Adapidae
	Omomyidae

Prosobranchia
BT	Invertebrata
	.Mollusca
	..Gastropoda
	...Prosobranchia

prosopite
BT	halides
	.fluorides
	..prosopite

Prospect Mountain Quartzite
USE	Stirling Quartzite

prospecting
SN	As of 1981, no longer a valid term for GeoRef. Use exploration or mineral exploration as applicable. After 1992, also see coal exploration or petroleum exploration.

PROSPECTOR
RT	expert systems
	geographic information systems
	mineral exploration
SN	Computer-based consultation system for mineral exploration. Search in conjunction with data AND processing. Added to Thesaurus in 1989.

protactinium
BT	metals
	.actinides
	..protactinium
NT	Pa-231
UF	Pa

protection
RT	aquifer vulnerability
	beach nourishment
	conservation
	environmental geology
	geologic sites
	pollution
	reclamation
	regulations
	Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
	water quality
	wellhead protection
SN	Added to Thesaurus in 1985.

proteins
BT	organic compounds
	.proteins
NT	collagen
	conchiolin
	enzymes
	purines
RT	amino acids
	RNA
	peptides

Proterozoic
BT	Chronostratigraphic Units
	.Precambrian
	..Proterozoic
BT	Chronostratigraphic Units
	.Precambrian
	..upper Precambrian
	...Proterozoic
NT	Paleoproterozoic
	Mesoproterozoic
	Neoproterozoic
	Adelaidean
	Algonkian
	Athabasca Formation
	Badami Series
	Bambui Group
	Banded Gneissic Complex
	Baraga Group
	Bitter Springs Formation
	Cahill Formation
	Coldbrook Group
	Damara System
	Dedham Granodiorite
	Huronian
	Hutuo Group
	Karelian Orogeny
	Keweenawan
	Kibaran Orogeny
	Kombolgie Formation
	Kunyang Group
	Kursk Series
	Lewisian
	Lorrain Formation
	Malmani Subgroup
	Miette Group
	Negaunee Iron Formation
	Oronto Group
	Ortega Group
	Ovruch Series
	Pan-African Orogeny
	Pocatello Formation
	Pretoria Group
	Sinian
	Tapley Hill Formation
	Udokan Series
	Umberatana Group
	Windermere System
	Wolkberg Group
	Wopmay Orogeny
UF	Agnotozoic
RT	Yudomian
	Lewisian Complex
	Hoosac Formation
	Krol Formation
	New York City Group
	Harney Peak Granite
	Klodzko Unit
	Shuswap Complex
	Tallulah Falls Formation
	Middle Run Formation
	Yellow Aster Complex
	Sveconorwegian Orogeny

Proteutheria
BT	Chordata
	.Vertebrata
	..Tetrapoda
	...Mammalia
	....Theria
	.....Eutheria
	......Insectivora
	.......Proteutheria
NT	Anagalida
	Scandentia
SN	Suborder.

Protista
BT	Invertebrata
	.Protista
NT	ebridians
	Foraminifera
	Radiolaria
	Silicoflagellata
	Thecamoeba
	Tintinnidae
RT	microfossils
	algae
	microorganisms
	plankton
	bacteria
	prokaryotes
	Metazoa
	zooxanthellae
SN	Before 1976, also search Protozoa. Before 1998, microfossils was a broader term. Indexed with microfossils if applicable.

Proto-Atlantic Ocean
USE	Iapetus

Protochordata
BT	Chordata
	.Protochordata

protodolomite
BT	carbonates
	.protodolomite

protoenstatite
BT	silicates
	.chain silicates
	..pyroxene group
	...orthopyroxene
	....protoenstatite
RT	enstatite
SN	Artificial mineral.

protoliths
UF	parent rocks
RT	igneous rocks
	metamorphic rocks
	metamorphism
	parent bodies

proton-induced X-ray emission
USE	particle-induced X-ray emission

protons
RT	cosmic rays
	electrons
	particle-induced X-ray emission
SN	Used as a general term.

Protopivskaya Formation
BT	Chronostratigraphic Units
	.Phanerozoic
	..Mesozoic
	...Triassic
	....Upper Triassic
	.....Protopivskaya Formation
RT	Russian Federation
	Ukraine
	Donets Basin
SN	Central Ukraine and NW Donets Basin.

protoplanets
USE	planetesimals

protoquartzite
USE	sublitharenite

Protorthoptera
BT	Invertebrata
	.Arthropoda
	..Mandibulata
	...Insecta
	....Pterygota
	.....Neoptera
	......Exopterygota
	.......Protorthoptera
SN	Order.

Protozoa
SN	After 1976, use Protista.

proustite
BT	sulfosalts
	.sulfarsenites
	..proustite

provenance
UF	source areas
	source regions
	source terrains
	source terranes
	sourceland
RT	sedimentation
	sedimentary rocks
	sediments
	genesis
	paleocurrents
	relict materials

Provence
BT	Europe
	.Western Europe
	..France
	...Provence
RT	Bouches-du-Rhone France
	Alpes-de-Haute Provence France
	Provence Alps
	Alpes-Maritimes France
	Vaucluse France
	Var France
	Sainte-Baume Massif
SN	Historical region in SE France. Indexed with departments as applicable.

Provence Alps
BT	Europe
	.Western Europe
	..France
	...Provence Alps
BT	Europe
	.Alps
	..Western Alps
	...Provence Alps
RT	Alpes-de-Haute Provence France
	Provence
	Alpes-Maritimes France
	Maritime Alps
	Var France
	Sainte-Baume Massif
SN	In SE Provence. This term has multiple hierarchies. Indexed with departments as applicable.

Providence County Rhode Island
BT	United States
	.Rhode Island
	..Providence County Rhode Island
NT	Cumberland Rhode Island
SN	N Rhode Island.

provinces
SN	A valid general term through 1976. See specific term, e.g. metallogenic provinces, physiographic provinces, etc.

provinces, faunal
USE	faunal provinces

provinces, floral
USE	floral provinces

provinces, ground-water
USE	ground-water provinces

provinces, metallogenic
USE	metallogenic provinces

provinces, physiographic
USE	physiographic provinces

provincialism
USE	provinciality

provinciality
UF	provincialism
RT	ecology
	paleoecology
	fossils
SN	Used mostly for fossils.

Provo Utah
BT	United States
	.Utah
	..Utah County Utah
	...Provo Utah
SN	City on Provo River and SSE of Salt Lake City in N central Utah.

Prowers County Colorado
BT	United States
	.Colorado
	..Prowers County Colorado

Prudhoe Bay
BT	United States
	.Alaska
	..Northern Alaska
	...Prudhoe Bay
RT	North Slope
	Prudhoe Bay Field
SN	Inlet of the Arctic Ocean on the North Slope.

Prudhoe Bay Field
BT	United States
	.Alaska
	..Northern Alaska
	...Prudhoe Bay Field
RT	oil and gas fields
	North Slope
	Ivishak Formation
	Prudhoe Bay
SN	North Slope of Alaska. Added to Thesaurus in 1985.

Prut River
BT	Europe
	.Prut River
UF	Pruth River
RT	Romania
	Ukraine
	Moldavia
	Moldova
	Dniester-Prut Interfluve
SN	Rises in W central Carpathians and flows into Danube River below Galati. Also search Prut. Indexed with Romania and former Soviet republics as applicable.

Pruth River
USE	Prut River

Prydz Bay
BT	Antarctic Ocean
	.Prydz Bay
RT	Leg 119
	ODP Site 739
	ODP Site 740
	ODP Site 741
	ODP Site 742
	ODP Site 743
SN	Off Amery ice shelf, Antarctic Ocean. Added to Thesaurus in 1993.

Przemsyl Poland
USE	Przemysl Poland

Przemysl Poland
BT	Europe
	.Central Europe
	..Poland
	...Przemysl Poland
UF	Peremyshl Poland
	Przemsyl Poland
RT	Galitsiya
SN	Province and city near Ukrainian border in SE Poland.