In  search
USEindium
in situ  search
UFin-situ
RTretorting
SNApplicable to many fields, especially rocks, soils, or fossils when in the situation in which they were originally formed or deposited.
in-situ  search
USEin situ
Inadunata  search
BTInvertebrata
 .Echinodermata
 ..Crinozoa
 ...Crinoidea
 ....Inadunata
NTDelocrinus
SNSubclass.
Inangahua New Zealand  search
BTAustralasia
 .New Zealand
 ..Nelson New Zealand
 ...Inangahua New Zealand
RTSouth Island
SNVillage in NW South Island. Also index South Island.
Inari Finland  search
BTEurope
 .Western Europe
 ..Scandinavia
 ...Finland
 ....Lapland Finland
 .....Inari Finland
UFEnari Finland
SNTown on Lake Inari in N Finland. This term has multiple hierarchies.
Inarticulata  search
BTInvertebrata
 .Brachiopoda
 ..Inarticulata
NTLingula
RTArticulata
inaut Belgium  search
NTTournai Belgium
incarbonization  search
USEcoalification
Inceptisols  search
BTsoils
 .Inceptisols
NTAndepts
RTsoil group
incertae sedis  search
USEmiscellanea
incineration  search
RTash
 ash content
 environmental geology
 pyrolysis
 remediation
 waste disposal
 waste management
SNAlso index kind of waste discussed if applicable. See waste disposal.
inclination, magnetic  search
USEmagnetic inclination
inclined folds  search
BTfolds
 .inclined folds
RTorientation
SNBefore 1978, also search folds AND inclined.
inclined seismic interface  search
RTcurved seismic interface
 discontinuities
 seismology
SNAdded to Thesaurus in 1981.
inclinometers  search
RTinstruments
 magnetic inclination
SNAdded to Thesaurus in 1985.
inclusions  search
NTcalcium-aluminum inclusions
 fluid inclusions
 mineral inclusions
 xenoliths
RTassimilation
 country rocks
 crystal growth
 crystal structure
 geochemistry
 geologic barometry
 geologic thermometry
 host rocks
 igneous rocks
 isotopes
 lava
 magmas
 mineral deposits, genesis
 minerals
 P-T conditions
 P-T-t paths
 petrology
 phase equilibria
 rocks
 s
SNUsed for studies on enclosures or enclaves in rocks or minerals. For liquid or gaseous inclusions contained within crystals, use fluid inclusions. Before 1993, also search enclaves. Also index specific type of inclusion if applicable [e.g. mineral inclusi
incoalation  search
USEcoalification
incompetent materials  search
SNNot a valid term for GeoRef. As of 1995, use competent materials with rheology or ductility or ductile deformation or deformation or structural analysis or tectonics as applicable.
incompressibility modulus  search
USEbulk modulus
Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology network  search
USEIRIS network
increment  search
USErecharge
incrustations  search
USEencrustations
Indarch Meteorite  search
BTmeteorites
 .stony meteorites
 ..chondrites
 ...enstatite chondrites
 ....Indarch Meteorite
RTAzerbaijan
SNImpact at Shusta, Elisavetpol, Azerbaijan, Transcaucasia. Added to Thesaurus in 1989.
Indefatigable Island  search
USEChaves Island
Independence County Arkansas  search
BTUnited States
 .Arkansas
 ..Independence County Arkansas
NTBatesville Arkansas
SNNE central Arkansas.
Independence Mountains  search
BTUnited States
 .Nevada
 ..Elko County Nevada
 ...Independence Mountains
SNNE Nevada. Indexed with county or region as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1989.
INDEPTH  search
UFINternational DEep Profiling of Tibet and the Himalaya
RTChina
 Himalayas
 Xizang China
 programs
 geotraverses
 Lhasa Block
SNAcronym. Project of Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences in collaboration with German, U.S., and Canadian associates which involved common-depth reflection profiling and wide-angle reflection data collection in S Qinghai-Xizang Plateau in 1992. More stu
index beds  search
USEkey beds
index fauna  search
USEindex fossils
index flora  search
USEindex fossils
index fossils  search
UFguide fossils
 index fauna
 index flora
RTmicrofossils
 paleontology
 fossils
 stratigraphy
 biostratigraphy
 assemblages
 first occurrence
index maps  search
BTmaps
 .index maps
RTsite location maps
index of refraction  search
USErefractive index
India  search
BTAsia
 .Indian Peninsula
 ..India
NTAjay River
 Andhra Pradesh India
 Bengal Islands
 Bihar India
 Bilaspur India
 Bundelkhand
 Cauvery Basin
 Coromandel Coast
 Damodar Valley
 Deccan Plateau
 Delhi India
 Dharwar Craton
 Ghats
 Goa India
 Godavari Valley
 Gujarat India
 Haryana India
 Himachal Pradesh India
 Jumna River
 Karnataka India
 Kerala India
 Kolar schist belt
 Kota India
 Krishna River
 Laccadive Islands
 Madhya Pradesh India
 Mahanadi Valley
 Maharashtra India
 Narmada River
 Narmada Valley
 Narmada-Son Lineament
 Northeastern India
 Orissa India
 Pondicherry India
 Pranhita-Godavari Valley
 Punjab India
 Rajasthan India
 Ramgarh coal field
 Rampur coal field
 Satpura Range
 Shillong Plateau
 Sikkim India
 Singhbhum shear zone
 Son Valley
 Tamil Nadu India
 Trans-Aravalli Vindhyan Basin
 Uttar Pradesh India
 West Bengal India
RTAnantnag
 Aravalli System
 Ariyalur Stage
 Athgarh Sandstone
 Badami Series
 Bagh Beds
 Banded Gneissic Comple
Indian Ocean  search
NTAgulhas Bank
 Andaman Sea
 Arabian Sea
 Argo abyssal plain
 Atlantis II fracture zone
 Bay of Bengal
 Bengal Fan
 Carlsberg Ridge
 Cuvier abyssal plain
 East Indian Ocean
 Exmouth Plateau
 Gascoyne abyssal plain
 Great Australian Bight
 Java Trench
 Madagascar Basin
 Mascarene Basin
 Mid-Indian Ridge
 Mozambique Channel
 Naturaliste Plateau
 Ninetyeast Ridge
 Owen fracture zone
 Perth abyssal plain
 Red Sea
 Rodriguez triple junction
 Somali Basin
 Southwest Indian Ridge
 Timor Sea
 West Indian Ocean
 Wharton Basin
 Wombat Plateau
RTAntarctic Bottom Water
 Antarctic Ocean
 Bass Strait
 Broken Ridge
 Browse Basin
 DSDP Site 211
 DSDP Site 213
 DSDP Site 215
 DSDP Site 237
 DSDP Site 238
 DSDP Site 241
 DSDP Site 246
 DSDP Site 247
 DSDP Site 248
 DSDP Site 249
 DSDP Site 250
 DSDP Site 252
SNMany islands were considered narrower terms of Indian Ocean before 1985. See Indian Ocean Islands. Also see Antarctic Ocean for S portion.
Indian Ocean Islands  search
NTAmsterdam Island
 Comoro Islands
 Crozet Islands
 Kerguelen Islands
 Madagascar
 Maldive Islands
 Marion Island
 Mascarene Islands
 Mauritius
 Prince Edward Island Group
 Seychelles
RTAndaman Islands
 Bengal Islands
 Christmas Island
 Indian Ocean
 Laccadive Islands
 Saint Paul Island
 Sri Lanka
 Zanzibar
SNBefore 1985, islands in this region not listed as narrower terms may have been indexed with Indian Ocean. This term is used for islands and island groups which could not easily be assigned to adjacent land areas. Added to Thesaurus in 1981.
Indian Ocean Ridge  search
USEMid-Indian Ridge
Indian Peninsula  search
BTAsia
 .Indian Peninsula
NTAfghanistan
 Bangladesh
 Bengal
 Bhutan
 Godavari River
 India
 Indian Shield
 Jammu and Kashmir
 Kohistan
 Kosi Basin
 Nepal
 Pakistan
 Potwar Plateau
RTIndo-Australian Plate
 Brahmaputra River
 Sri Lanka
 Main Boundary Fault
 Main Central Thrust
 Indus-Yarlung Zangbo suture zone
SNAdded to Thesaurus in 1981.
Indian Plate  search
RTBangladesh
 India
 Indian Ocean
 Pacific Ocean
 Pakistan
 plate tectonics
 plates
 Xizang China
SNRedefined. Used for both the ancient plate pre-dating modern Indo-Australian Plate and for the modern tectonic plate extending from the Himalayas to the Tonga Trench in the Pacific Ocean which includes Australia. For specific regions, search in combinatio
Indian reservations  search
RTconservation
 human activity
 land use
 legislation
 Navajo Indian Reservation
 policy
 San Carlos Indian Reservation
 United States
 Yakima Indian Reservation
SNIndexed with specific reservations and states as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1985.
Indian Ridge  search
USEMid-Indian Ridge
Indian River  search
RTBritish Columbia
 Delaware
 Florida
 Ontario
 Yukon Territory
SNIn many locations. Search in combination with appropriate state or province. Indexed with states and/or provinces as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1989.
Indian River County Florida  search
BTUnited States
 .Florida
 ..Indian River County Florida
Indian Shield  search
BTAsia
 .Indian Peninsula
 ..Indian Shield
UFPeninsular Shield
RTIndia
 Deccan Plateau
 Sri Lanka
SNPlateau region in S and central India plus Sri Lanka. Indexed with countries as applicable.
Indian-Antarctic Ridge  search
USESoutheast Indian Ridge
Indiana  search
NTAdams County Indiana
 Allen County Indiana
 Bartholomew County Indiana
 Benton County Indiana
 Blackford County Indiana
 Boone County Indiana
 Brown County Indiana
 Carroll County Indiana
 Cass County Indiana
 Clark County Indiana
 Clay County Indiana
 Clinton County Indiana
 Crawford County Indiana
 Daviess County Indiana
 De Kalb County Indiana
 Dearborn County Indiana
 Decatur County Indiana
 Delaware County Indiana
 Dubois County Indiana
 Elkhart County Indiana
 Fayette County Indiana
 Floyd County Indiana
 Fountain County Indiana
 Franklin County Indiana
 Fulton County Indiana
 Gibson County Indiana
 Grant County Indiana
 Greene County Indiana
 Hamilton County Indiana
 Hancock County Indiana
 Harrison County Indiana
 Hendricks County Indiana
 Henry County Indiana
 Howard County Indiana
 Huntington County Indiana
 Jackson County Indiana
 Jasper County Indiana
 Jay County Indiana
 Jefferson County Indiana
 Jennings County Indiana
 Johnson County Indiana
 Knox County Indiana
 Kosciusko County Indiana
 Lagrange County Indiana
 Lake County Indiana
 Laporte County Indiana
 Lawrence County Indiana
 Madison County Indiana
 Marion County Indiana
 Marshall County Indiana
 Martin County Indiana
 Miami County Indiana
 Monroe County Indiana
 Montgomery County Indiana
 Morgan County Indiana
 Newton County Indiana
 Noble County Indiana
 Ohio County Indiana
 Orange County Indiana
 Owen County Indiana
 Parke County Indiana
 Perry County Indiana
 Pike County Indiana
 Porter County Indiana
 Posey County Indiana
 Pulaski County Indiana
 Putnam County Indiana
 Randolph County Indiana
 Ripley County Indiana
 Rush County Indiana
 Saint Joseph County Indiana
 Scott County Indiana
 Shelby County Indiana
 Spencer County Indiana
 Starke County Indiana
 Steuben County Indiana
 Sullivan County Indiana
 Switzerland County Indiana
 Tippecanoe County Indiana
 Tipton County Indiana
 Union County Indiana
 Vanderburgh County Indiana
 Vermillion County Indiana
 Vigo County Indiana
 Wabash County Indiana
 Warren County Indiana
 Warrick County Indiana
 Washington County Indiana
 Wayne County Indiana
 Wells County Indiana
 White County Indiana
 Whitley County Indiana
Indiana County Pennsylvania  search
BTUnited States
 .Pennsylvania
 ..Indiana County Pennsylvania
RTConemaugh River
SNW central Pennsylvania.
indic  search
indicators  search
RTcolor alteration index
 depth indicators
 diagenesis
 encrustations
 geochemical indicators
 gossan
 hydrocarbon indicators
 paleoclimatology
 paleoecology
 plate tectonics
Indigirka River  search
BTCommonwealth of Independent States
 .Russian Federation
 ..Yakutia Russian Federation
 ...Indigirka River
SNNE Yakutia. Flows into East Siberian Sea. Before 1978, also search Indigirka. This term has multiple hierarchies.
indium  search
BTmetals
 .indium
UFIn
Indo-Antarctic Ridge  search
USESoutheast Indian Ridge
Indo-Australian Plate  search
RTAustralia
 Australian Plate
 Australian-Antarctic discordance
 Bangladesh
 Himalayas
 India
 Indian Ocean
 Indian Peninsula
 New Guinea
 New Zealand
 Pacific Ocean
 Pakistan
 plate tectonics
 plates
 Xizang China
SNConsidered by some to be split in modern times. Also search Indian Plate and Australian Plate. Indexed with geographic area and/or age as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1993.
Indo-China (French)  search
USEIndochina
Indo-Sinian Orogeny  search
USEIndosinian Orogeny
Indochina  search
BTAsia
 .Far East
 ..Indochina
UFFarther India
 French Indochina
 Indo-China (French)
RTMalaysia
 Thailand
 Vietnam
 Cambodia
 Burma
 Cathaysia
 Indosinian Orogeny
 Laos
 Malay Peninsula
 West Malaysia
SNThe SE peninsula of Asia including the Malay Peninsula. (French Indochina consisted of current Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam). Before 1960, French Indochina and Indo-China (French) were also used. Indexed with countries as applicable.
indochinite  search
BTtektites
 .indochinite
Indonesia  search
BTAsia
 .Far East
 ..Indonesia
NTBali
 Bangka
 Billiton
 Celebes
 Irian Jaya Indonesia
 Java
 Kalimantan Indonesia
 Krakatoa
 Moluccas
 Pantar
 Sumatra
 Sunda Arc
 Sunda Strait
UFDutch East Indies
 Netherland India
RTGreat Sumatran Fault
 Arafura Sea
 ASEAN
 West Pacific Ocean Islands
 Malay Archipelago
 Lesser Sunda Islands
 Indonesian Seas
 Timor
 Borneo
 Flores Sea earthquake 1996
 Kabuh Formation
 Kalibeng Formation
 Pucangan Formation
SNBefore 1960, Dutch East Indies was used. Before 1945, Netherland India was used.
Indonesian Seas  search
BTPacific Ocean
 .West Pacific
 ..Indonesian Seas
NTBanda Sea
 Celebes Sea
 Java Sea
RTIndonesia
 Banda Arc
 Flores Sea earthquake 1996
SNIncludes small seas of the Pacific Ocean within Indonesia. Added to Thesaurus in 1981.
Indosinian Orogeny  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Phanerozoic
 ..Mesozoic
 ...Indosinian Orogeny
UFIndo-Sinian Orogeny
RTTriassic
 Lower Jurassic
 orogeny
 tectonics
 China
 Indochina
SNTriassic and Lower Jurassic. China, E and central Xizang and Indochina. Before 1993, also search Indosinian; Indosinian Movement. Indexed with ages as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1993.
Indre France  search
BTEurope
 .Western Europe
 ..France
 ...Indre France
RTTouraine
SNDepartment in W central France.
Indre-et-Loire France  search
BTEurope
 .Western Europe
 ..France
 ...Indre-et-Loire France
NTTours France
RTTouraine
SNDepartment in N central France.
induced  search
SNUsed in subfile G. See induced earthquakes; induced magnetization; induced polarization; induction.
induced earthquakes  search
BTearthquakes
 .induced earthquakes
RTseismology
 engineering geology
 earthquake prediction
 Parkfield earthquakes
SNAdded to Thesaurus in 1981.
induced magnetization  search
BTmagnetization
 .induced magnetization
SNAdded to Thesaurus in 1981.
induced polarization  search
RTcoupling
 dipole-dipole methods
 electrical field
 electrical methods
 geophysical methods
 geophysical surveys
 polarization
 well-logging
SNIndexed with applicable methods. For surveys, also index geophysical surveys.
induction  search
RTelectromagnetic methods
 geophysical methods
 magnetic field
 paleomagnetism
 well-logging
SNUsed for geophysical properties.
inductively coupled plasma  search
USEinductively coupled plasma methods
inductively coupled plasma methods  search
BTspectroscopy
 .inductively coupled plasma methods
UFinductively coupled plasma
 inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy
RTemission spectroscopy
 mass spectroscopy
 chemical analysis
 coupling
 plasma emission spectroscopy
SNAdded to Thesaurus in 1985.
inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy  search
USEinductively coupled plasma methods
Indunian  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Phanerozoic
 ..Mesozoic
 ...Triassic
 ....Lower Triassic
 .....Indunian
Indus Fan  search
BTIndian Ocean
 .Arabian Sea
 ..Indus Fan
RTDSDP Site 222
 Leg 117
 ODP Site 720
SNDeep-sea fan. E Arabian Sea. Added to Thesaurus in 1995.
Indus River  search
BTAsia
 .Indus River
RTJammu and Kashmir
 Pakistan
 Xizang China
SNRises in SW Tibet and flows into Arabian Sea. Indexed with Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan, and Xinjiang China as applicable.
Indus suture zone  search
USEIndus-Yarlung Zangbo suture zone
Indus-Tsangpo suture zone  search
USEIndus-Yarlung Zangbo suture zone
Indus-Yarlung Zangbo suture zone  search
BTAsia
 .Indus-Yarlung Zangbo suture zone
UFIndus suture zone
 Indus-Tsangpo suture zone
 Yarlung Zangbo suture zone
RTIndian Peninsula
 Kohistan
 India
 China
 Jammu and Kashmir
 Pakistan
 Xizang China
 Qinghai-Xizang Plateau
 Ladakh
SNExtends from Kohistan through Ladakh and Xizang. Indus Zone, Indus suture zone, Indus-Tsangpo suture zone have been used for sections primarily outside Xizang, and Yarlung Zangbo suture zone for sections in Xizang. Indexed with countries and regions as ap
industrial ash  search
industrial materials  search
USEindustrial minerals
industrial minerals  search
UFindustrial materials
RTabrasives
 carborundum
 corundum deposits
 garnet deposits
 absorbent materials
 minerals
 carbonado
 refractory materials
 industrial minerals maps
 graphite deposits
 nonmetal deposits
 zeolite deposits
SNCommodity. See List C.
industrial minerals maps  search
BTmaps
 .industrial minerals maps
RTindustrial minerals
 economic geology maps
SNBefore 1982, also search industrial minerals AND maps. Added to Thesaurus in 1982.
industrial patents  search
RTeconomics
 industry
SNUsually out-of-scope for GeoRef. Added to Thesaurus in 1981.
industrial waste  search
UFwaste, industrial
RTpollution
 environmental geology
 waste disposal
 chemical waste
 radioactive waste
 waste disposal sites
 liquid waste
 solid waste
 waste water
 PCBs
SNIndexed with specific type.
industrialized countries  search
RTcommunist countries
 developing countries
 economics
 international cooperation
 policy
 Western World
SNAdded to Thesaurus in 1985.
industry  search
RTannual report
 chemical industry
 companies
 economic geology
 engineering geology
 environmental geology
 industrial patents
SNUsed as a general term.
INEEL  search
BTUnited States
 .Idaho
 ..INEEL
UFIdaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory
 Idaho National Engineering Laboratory (INEL)
RTgovernment agencies
 Bingham County Idaho
 Butte County Idaho
 nuclear facilities
 Clark County Idaho
 Jefferson County Idaho
SNSE central Idaho including parts of Butte, Bingham, Jefferson, and Clark counties. Also search its former name, Idaho National Engineering Laboratory. Indexed with U. S. counties as applicable.
inert gases  search
USEnoble gases
inertial seismographs  search
BTseismographs
 .inertial seismographs
UFinertial seismometers
SNAdded to Thesaurus in 1981.
inertial seismometers  search
USEinertial seismographs
inertinite  search
BTmacerals
 .inertinite
NTfusinite
 micrinite
 sclerotinite
 semifusinite
infiltration  search
RTDRAINMOD
 Green-Ampt model
 ground water
 hydrology
 imbibition
 infiltrometers
 percolation
 recharge
 Richards equation
 soils
 unsaturated zone
 water regimes
 waterlogging
infiltration galleries  search
RTground water
 underground channels
SNAdded to Thesaurus in 1981.
infiltrometers  search
RThydrogeology
 hydrology
 infiltration
 instruments
 leaching
 lysimeters
 seepage
 surface water
SNAdded to Thesaurus in 1995.
infinite models  search
RTmathematical models
 models
 semi-infinite models
SNAdded to Thesaurus in 1981.
influence  search
RTeffects
SNAdded to Thesaurus in 1981.
information management  search
NTdata management
RTcomputer networks
 data bases
 data processing
 digital data
 expert systems
 geographic information systems
 information systems
 Internet
 spatial data
 systems analysis
SNAdded to Thesaurus in 1998.
information systems  search
NTgeographic information systems
RTARC/INFO
 CD-ROM
 computer networks
 CRIB
 data bases
 data handling
 data processing
 data retrieval
 data storage
 digital data
 Earth Observing System
 GeoRef
 Geoscan
 information management
 Internet
 NWIS-II
 Pascal
 systems
 systems analysis
 World Wide Web
Infracambrian  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Precambrian
 ..Proterozoic
 ...Neoproterozoic
 ....Infracambrian
RTEocambrian
 Ediacaran
 Vendian
infrared  search
SNA valid term through 1977. After 1977, see infrared methods for geophysical methods or see infrared spectra, or infrared spectroscopy as applicable.
infrared exploration  search
SNNot a valid index term after 1971. Used in subfiles G and N. Now use infrared methods.
infrared methods  search
BTgeophysical methods
 .infrared methods
NTAVHRR
 AVIRIS
RTchemical analysis
 backscattering
 geophysical surveys
 remote sensing
 thermal emission
 ERS-1
 infrared spectroscopy
 Thermal Infrared Multispectral Scanner
SNFor surveys, search with geophysical surveys and an area. For surveys, also index geophysical surveys and the area.
infrared spectra  search
BTspectra
 .infrared spectra
NTFTIR spectra
UFIR spectra
RTspectroscopy
 chemical analysis
 dosimetry
 vibrational spectra
 infrared spectroscopy
 near-infrared spectra
SNBefore 1978, also search infrared.
infrared spectroscopy  search
BTspectroscopy
 .infrared spectroscopy
NTFourier transform infrared spectroscopy
RTchemical analysis
 analysis
 infrared methods
 infrared spectra
SNBefore 1978, also search spectroscopy AND infrared.
Ingaladhal  search
USEIngaldhal
Ingaldhal  search
BTAsia
 .Indian Peninsula
 ..India
 ...Karnataka India
 ....Chitradurga India
 .....Ingaldhal
UFIngaladhal
SNOre bearing region in Chitradurga District in central Karnataka.
Ingham County Michigan  search
BTUnited States
 .Michigan
 ..Michigan Lower Peninsula
 ...Ingham County Michigan
RTLansing Michigan
SNS central Michigan.
Ingleborough  search
BTEurope
 .Western Europe
 ..United Kingdom
 ...Great Britain
 ....England
 .....Yorkshire England
 ......North Yorkshire England
 .......Ingleborough
SNMountain in W North Yorkshire in N England.
Ingleton England  search
BTEurope
 .Western Europe
 ..United Kingdom
 ...Great Britain
 ....England
 .....Ingleton England
RTDurham England
 North Yorkshire England
SNTowns in North Yorkshire and Durham in N England. Indexed with counties as applicable.
Inglewood California  search
BTUnited States
 .California
 ..Los Angeles County California
 ...Inglewood California
SNCity in S California.
Inglewood Fault  search
USENewport-Inglewood Fault
Ingul River  search
BTEurope
 .Ukraine
 ..Ingul River
SNS Ukraine. Also search Ingul. This term has multiple hierarchies.
Ingulets River  search
BTEurope
 .Ukraine
 ..Ingulets River
RTKrivoy Rog Basin
SNS Ukraine. Also search Ingulets. This term has multiple hierarchies.
Ingur (River)  search
USEInguri River
Inguri River  search
BTEurope
 .Georgian Republic
 ..Inguri River
UFIngur (River)
SNFlows into Black Sea. Also search Ingur or Inguri.
inhomogeneity  search
USEheterogeneity
initial neodymium  search
SNAs of 1998, not a valid term for GeoRef. For absolute age dating use Nd/Nd or Sm/Nd as applicable. Otherwise, use specific isotope ratio such as Nd-144/Nd-143 and event or process of interest such as magma contamination or mixing as applicable.
injection  search
RTartificial recharge
 engineering geology
 environmental geology
 fluid injection
 gas injection
 mercury injection
 reinjection wells
 slug tests
 waste disposal
injection wells  search
USEfluid injection
Inland Sea  search
BTAsia
 .Far East
 ..Japan
 ...Inland Sea
UFSeto Inland Sea
 Seto Sea
 Seto-chi-umi
 Seto-Naikai
 Setouchi
RTHonshu
 Kyushu
 Shikoku
 Osaka Bay
SNExtends E-W with W Honshu on the N, Shikoku on the S, and Kyushu on the W. Connected with Pacific Ocean by 4 channels.
inland seas  search
USEepicontinental seas
inlets  search
BTshore features
 .inlets
RTgeomorphology
 fluvial features
 shorelines
 bays
 embayments
 coastal environment
 lacustrine features
 tidal inlets
inliers  search
RTerosion features
 geomorphology
 landforms
 outliers
 stratigraphy
 structural geology
 tectonics
 windows
Inn Valley  search
BTEurope
 .Central Europe
 ..Inn Valley
RTBavaria Germany
 Tyrol Austria
 Baumkirchen
 Graubunden Switzerland
SNRiver valley.
innelite  search
BTsilicates
 .orthosilicates
 ..sorosilicates
 ...innelite
inner core  search
BTcore
 .inner core
RTouter core
Inner Hebrides  search
BTbrides
 .Inner Hebrides
NTIslay
 Isle of Skye
 Mull Island
 Raasay
 Rhum
RTHighland region Scotland
 Strathclyde region Scotland
 Outer Hebrides
SNIslands immediately off W coast of Scotland. Separated from Outer Hebrides by the Straits of The Minch, the Little Minch, and the Sea of Hebrides.
Inner Mongolia China  search
BTAsia
 .Far East
 ..China
 ...Inner Mongolia China
NTBayan Obo China
UFNei Monggol China
 Nei Mongol China
RTAmur Basin
 Amur River
 Gobi Desert
 Da Hinggan Ling
 Ordos Basin
 Kerulen River
SNAutonomous region N China.
inner shelf  search
BTcontinental shelf
 .inner shelf
RTouter shelf
inner slope  search
BTcontinental slope
 .inner slope
RTouter slope
 shelf-slope break
Inner Slovakian Carpathians  search
BTEurope
 .Central Europe
 ..Slovakia
 ...Slovakian Carpathians
 ....Inner Slovakian Carpathians
SNCentral Slovakia. This term has multiple hierarchies. Added to Thesaurus in 1993.
inner transition elements  search
USErare earths
Innisfree Meteorite  search
BTmeteorites
 .stony meteorites
 ..chondrites
 ...LL chondrites
 ....Innisfree Meteorite
RTAlberta
 Canada
SNImpact at Innisfree, E central Alberta, Canada. Before 1985, also search Innisfree AND meteorites. Added to Thesaurus in 1985.
Innsbruck Austria  search
BTEurope
 .Central Europe
 ..Austria
 ...Tyrol Austria
 ....Innsbruck Austria
SNCity in central Tyrol, W Austria.
Inocerami  search
BTInvertebrata
 .Mollusca
 ..Bivalvia
 ...Pteriina
 ....Inocerami
NTInoceramidae
SNIncludes the family Inoceramidae.
Inoceramidae  search
BTInvertebrata
 .Mollusca
 ..Bivalvia
 ...Pteriina
 ....Inocerami
 .....Inoceramidae
NTInoceramus
SNFamily.
Inoceramus  search
BTInvertebrata
 .Mollusca
 ..Bivalvia
 ...Pteriina
 ....Inocerami
 .....Inoceramidae
 ......Inoceramus
SNGenus.
inorganic  search
SNA valid term through 1977. After 1977, use inorganic materials.
inorganic acids  search
NThydrochloric acid
 hydrofluoric acid
 nitric acid
 sulfuric acid
RTacids
 organic acids
SNAdded to Thesaurus in 1981.
inorganic materials  search
RTligands
 materials
 organic compounds
SNBefore 1978, also search inorganic AND materials.
inosilicates  search
USEchain silicates
Inowroclaw Poland  search
BTEurope
 .Central Europe
 ..Poland
 ...Bydgoszcz Poland
 ....Inowroclaw Poland
SNCity in N central Poland.
INQUA  search
UFInternational Association for Quaternary Research
RTassociations
SNAcronym.
Insecta  search
BTInvertebrata
 .Arthropoda
 ..Mandibulata
 ...Insecta
NTEntotropha
 Pterygota
RTflight
 wings
 eggs
SNClass.
insecticides  search
BTpesticides
 .insecticides
RTenvironmental geology
 agrochemicals
 waste disposal
 aldicarb
 pollutants
 chloroform
SNAdded to Thesaurus in 1995.
Insectivora  search
BTChordata
 .Vertebrata
 ..Tetrapoda
 ...Mammalia
 ....Theria
 .....Eutheria
 ......Insectivora
NTDermoptera
 Macroscelida
 Proteutheria
 Soricidae
SNOrder.
inselbergs  search
BTerosion features
 .inselbergs
RTgeomorphology
insolation  search
RTmechanical weathering
 Milankovitch theory
 weathering
insoluble residues  search
UFresidues, insoluble
RTsedimentary rocks
 siliceous composition
 solubility
SNSometimes abbreviated as IR.
instabilities, plasma  search
SNNot a valid term for GeoRef. Usually out-of-scope. Used as plasma instabilities with magnetosphere.
installations, marine  search
USEmarine installations
installations, submarine  search
USEsubmarine installations
installations, underground  search
USEunderground installations
institutions  search
RTacademic institutions
 associations
SNAdded to Thesaurus in 1981.
instruments  search
RTaccelerator mass spectroscopy
 accelerometers
 air guns
 anvil cells
 AVHRR
 AVIRIS
 borehole televiewers
 calibration
 design
 dilatometers
 dosimetry
 extensometers
 flowmeters
 Formation MicroScanner
 Fraunhofer line discriminators
 geophones
 GLORIA
 gravimeters
 hydro
SNBefore 1971, also search apparatus.
insular shelf  search
UFisland shelf
RTocean floors
 continental shelf
 islands
 shelf environment
SNAdded to Thesaurus in 1985.
insulation materials  search
BTconstruction materials
 .insulation materials
RTmaterials
 glass materials
 asbestos deposits
 clays
 mica deposits
SNMay be used as a commodity term. See List C.
Int  search
intensities  search
USEintensity
intensity  search
UFintensities
RTparticles
 cosmic rays
 interplanetary space
 seismic intensity
 solar cycles
 magnetic intensity
 magnitude
SNGeneral term as of 1981. For intensity of earthquakes, use seismic intensity.
interactions, boundary  search
USEboundary interactions
interactive analysis  search
USEinteractive techniques
interactive methods  search
USEinteractive techniques
interactive techniques  search
UFinteractive analysis
 interactive methods
RTdata processing
SNAdded to Thesaurus in 1985.
interface, air-sea  search
USEair-sea interface
interface, oil-gas  search
USEoil-gas interface
interface, oil-water  search
USEoil-water interface
interface, sediment-water  search
USEsediment-water interface
interfaces  search
RTair-sea interface
 air-water interface
 gas-water interface
 mineral-water interface
 oil-gas interface
 oil-water interface
 sediment-water interface
 soil-structure interface
 surfactants
 water-rock interaction
SNAdded to Thesaurus in 1981.
interfacial tension  search
USEsurface tension
interference patterns  search
RTfolds
 foliation
 patterns
 petrofabrics
 structural analysis
SNAdded to Thesaurus in 1985.
interferometry  search
RTvery long baseline interferometry
SNGeneral term appropriate for many topics.
interglacial  search
SNA valid term through 1977. After 1977, see interglacial environment or specific interglacial stage.
interglacial environment  search
RTdepositional environment
 glacial environment
 glacial geology
 interstadial environment
 late-glacial environment
 paleoclimatology
 sedimentation
SNBefore 1978, search interglacial.
intergrowths  search
RTcrystal growth
 crystallization
 crystallography
 crystals
interior  search
RTcore
 dynamos
 Earth
 geodynamics
 lunar interior
 magma oceans
 Moon
 planetary interiors
 seismology
 subsidence
SNAs of 1981, restricted to the Earth.
interlaboratory comparison  search
RTchemical analysis
 materials
 minerals
 petrology
 quality control
 soil mechanics
 spectroscopy
 standard materials
 standard rocks
 standardization
 thermal analysis
SNUsed for comparison of standard materials between laboratories. Added to Thesaurus in 1989.
Interlake Forma  search
Interlake Formation  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Phanerozoic
 ..Paleozoic
 ...Silurian
 ....Lower Silurian
 .....Llandoverian
 ......Interlake Formation
RTSaskatchewan
 Montana
 North Dakota
 Manitoba
SNLocated in the Williston Basin. Added to Thesaurus in 1989.
interlayering  search
USEmineral interlayer
intermediate earthquake  search
USEintermediate-focus earthquakes
intermediate-focus earthquakes  search
BTearthquakes
 .intermediate-focus earthquakes
UFintermediate earthquake
RTfocus
 shallow-focus earthquakes
 deep-focus earthquakes
SNBefore 1978, search intermediate-focus.
intermittent springs  search
BTsprings
 .intermittent springs
RTground water
 hydrology
SNAdded to Thesaurus in 1982.
intermontane basins  search
BTbasins
 .intermontane basins
Intermontane Belt  search
BTNorth America
 .Intermontane Belt
RTAlberta
 Washington
 Alaska
 British Columbia
 Yukon Territory
SNOne of several tectonic belts between the Coast Ranges and Rocky Mountains, NW North America. Also search Intermontain Belt. Indexed with Washington and/or Canadian provinces or territories as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1995.
internal constitution  search
SNUsed in subfile G. See interior; planetary interiors.
internal waves  search
RTocean waves
 waves
International Association for Quaternary Research  search
USEINQUA
international cooperation  search
UFcooperation, international
RTassociations
 aid projects
 ASEAN
 industrialized countries
 policy
 Law of the Sea
 strategic minerals
 International Lithosphere Program
 International Monetary Fund
 negotiations
 technical cooperation
 UNCTAD
 World Bank
International Decade of Ocean Exploration  search
RToceanography
 research vessels
INternational DEep Profiling of Tibet and the Himalaya  search
USEINDEPTH
International Geological Congress  search
UFIGC
RTassociations
International Geological Correlation Programme  search
USEIGCP
International Geosphere-Biosphere Program  search
USEIGBP
International Lithosphere Program  search
UFILP (International Lithosphere Program)
RTinternational cooperation
 research
 programs
 IUGS
SNOf the IUGS and International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics. Acronym is ILP.
International Monetary Fund  search
RTassociations
 economics
 international cooperation
 United Nations
 World Bank
SNSometimes abbreviated as IMF. Usually out-of-scope for GeoRef. Added to Thesaurus in 1981.
International Phase of Ocean Drilling  search
USEIPOD
International Union of Geological Sciences  search
USEIUGS
Internet  search
BTcomputer networks
 .Internet
RTeducation
 data processing
 information systems
 data retrieval
 information management
 data handling
 digital data
 World Wide Web
 spatial data
interpla  search
interplanetary comparison  search
RTextraterrestrial geology
 natural analogs
 planetology
 planets
 terrestrial comparison
SNAdded to Thesaurus in 1981.
interplanetary dust  search
RTcosmic dust
 dust
 interplanetary space
 meteorites
 particles
interplanetary space  search
UFouter space
 space
RTplanetology
 particles
 albedo
 cosmic rays
 extraterrestrial geology
 asteroids
 cosmic dust
 meteoroids
 solar system
 shock waves
 meteors
 comae
 comets
 solar wind
 interplanetary dust
 electromagnetic radiation
 intensity
 solar cycles
 Halley's Comet
SNUsually out-of-scope for GeoRef.
interpolation  search
RTfunctions
 geostatistics
 interpretation
 kriging
 mathematical geology
 splines
 statistical analysis
interpretation  search
RTconcepts
 extrapolation
 interpolation
SNAppropriate to a large number of general topics.
interstadial environment  search
RTdepositional environment
 glacial environment
 glacial geology
 glaciation
 interglacial environment
 late-glacial environment
 periglacial environment
 sedimentation
SNBefore 1978, search interglacial.
interstellar dust  search
USEcosmic dust
interstitial water  search
USEpore water
intertidal environment  search
BTcoastal environment
 .intertidal environment
UFlittoral environment
RTsedimentation
 ecology
 depositional environment
 marine environment
 shorelines
 capes
 littoral erosion
 foredunes
 wave-cut platforms
 tidal flats
 intertidal sedimentation
SNAs of 1981, used for littoral environment. Before 1981, also search tidal environment. Before 1978, search intertidal; littoral.
intertidal sedimentation  search
BTsedimentation
 .intertidal sedimentation
RTintertidal environment
SNAdded to Thesaurus in 1981.
Intertrappean Beds  search
UFDeccan Intertrappean
 Deccan Intertrappean Beds
 Deccan Intertrappean Series
RTUpper Cretaceous
 Paleocene
 lower Eocene
 India
 Deccan Traps
SNUpper Cretaceous to lower Eocene. Sedimentary deposits of fossiliferous cherts, freshwater limestone or bole intercalated between the flows of Deccan Trap Basalt. Also search Intertrappean. Indexed with ages as applicable.
intraclastic texture  search
USEintraclasts
intraclasts  search
UFintraclastic texture
RTallochems
 textures
 carbonate rocks
intracontinental belts  search
RTorogenic belts
 orogeny
SNAdded to Thesaurus in 1981.
intracratonic basins  search
BTbasins
 .intracratonic basins
RTtectonics
 cratons
SNAdded to Thesaurus in 1981.
intrafolial folds  search
BTfolds
 .intrafolial folds
SNBefore 1978, search folds AND intrafolial.
intraformational structures  search
RTsedimentary structures
SNAdded to Thesaurus in 1982.
intramagmatic deposits  search
RTmagmatism
 mineral deposits, genesis
SNAdded to Thesaurus in 1981.
intraplate  search
USEintraplate processes
intraplate processes  search
UFintraplate
RTvolcanism
 tectonics
 earthquakes
 plate tectonics
 volcanoes
 swells
 seismicity
 mantle plumes
SNBefore 1993, also search midplate or mid-plate or intraplate tectonics if applicable. May be searched in combination with earthquakes, seismicity, volcanism, tectonics, etc. Added to Thesaurus in 1993.
intraplate tectonics  search
SNNo longer a valid term for GeoRef. See intraplate processes.
Intrazonal soils  search
BTsoils
 .Intrazonal soils
RTsoil group
 Bog soils
 Hydromorphic soils
 Brown forest soils
 Meadow soils
 Planosols
 Solonchak soils
 Solonetz soils
intrusion (ground water)  search
USEsalt-water intrusion
intrusions  search
NTbatholiths
 diatremes
 dikes
 laccoliths
 layered intrusions
 lopoliths
 pipes
 plugs
 plutons
 ring complexes
 sills
 stocks
UFinvasion (intrusion)
 irruption (intrusion)
RTigneous rocks
 magmas
 assimilation
 magma contamination
 domes
 country rocks
 emplacement
 hybridization
 aureoles
 contact metamorphism
 foliation
 heat flow
 lineation
 hypabyssal rocks
 crystallization
 magmatic differentiation
 diapirism
 dike swarms
 magma chambers
SNUsed for the igneous rocks mass formed by emplacement of magma in pre-existing rock. It is also used for the process of emplacement.
intrusive  search
SNA valid term through 1977. Included use in subfiles E and N. After 1977, intrusive was used in conjuction with igneous rocks. Now use igneous rocks, intrusions, hypabyssal rocks and/or plutonic rocks as applicable.
intrusive mountain  search
USEbatholiths
intrusive rocks  search
SNAs of 1989, no longer a valid term for GeoRef. Before 1978, the term intrusive was used in conjuction with igneous rocks. Now use igneous rocks, intrusions, hypabyssal rocks and/or plutonic rocks as applicable.
intrusives  search
SNNo longer a valid term for GeoRef. Before 1971, included use in subfiles E, G, N, T and B. Now use igneous rocks and/or intrusions as applicable.
Inuvik Northwest Territories  search
BTCanada
 .Western Canada
 ..Mackenzie District Northwest Territories
 ...Inuvik Northwest Territories
SNVillage in NW Mackenzie District, W Northwest Territories. This term has multiple hierarchies.
invasion (intrusion)  search
USEintrusions
inventory  search
RTcatalogs
 coal
 energy sources
 evaluation
 geothermal energy
 mineral inventory
 peat
 petroleum
 reserves
 resources
 water resources
SNUse mineral inventory for mineral collecting. For museum collections, use collections. General term. This term may be used for energy resources. Also see evaluation. Resources, and reserves are also used for economic analyses. Also see geophysical surveys
Inverness County Nova Scotia  search
BTCanada
 .Eastern Canada
 ..Maritime Provinces
 ...Nova Scotia
 ....Inverness County Nova Scotia
Inverness Scotland  search
BTghland region Scotland
 .Inverness-shire Scotland
 ..Inverness Scotland
SNCity in Inverness-shire, Highland region, N Scotland.
Inverness-shire Scotland  search
BTghland region Scotland
 .Inverness-shire Scotland
NTInverness Scotland
 Isle of Skye
 Raasay
 Rhum
UFInvernessshire Scotland
SNFormer county in NW Scotland.
Invernessshire Scotland  search
USEInverness-shire Scotland
inverse magnetization  search
BTmagnetization
 .inverse magnetization
SNAdded to Thesaurus in 1981.
inverse problem  search
UFinversion (seismology)
RTseismology
 impedance
 geophysical methods
 geophysical surveys
 Green function
 geophysics
 seismic migration
 gravity methods
 direct problem
 numerical filters
 Seislog
inversion (seismology)  search
USEinverse problem
inversion tectonics  search
BTtectonics
 .inversion tectonics
RTbasin inversion
 relief inversion
 reverse faults
SNAlso search basin inversion if applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1998.
inversion, basin  search
USEbasin inversion
Invertebrata  search
NTArchaeocyatha
 Arthropoda
 Brachiopoda
 Bryozoa
 Coelenterata
 Echinodermata
 Mollusca
 Porifera
 Protista
 Vermes
RTaffinities
 Camaroidea
 Cephalodiscida
 chitin
 Dendroidea
 Didymograptina
 Didymograptus
 Diplograptina
 Enteropneusta
 eukaryotes
 exoskeletons
 Glossograptina
 Graptolithina
 Graptoloidea
 ichnofossils
 Isograptus
 Metazoa
 Monograptina
 Monograptus
 Monograptus uniformi
SNTerm is to be used only when more specific terms do not apply or are too numerous to be recorded.
Invertebrate Paleontology (category)  search
SNInvertebrate paleontology, GeoRef category code 10, is one of thirty categories used to classify documents in GeoRef. Each reference in GeoRef is assigned one or more categories. Categories can be used, in addition to Terms, to refine searches (See List A
investment  search
RTeconomics
 investment legislation
SNAdded to Thesaurus in 1981.
investment legislation  search
RTeconomics
 investment
 legislation
SNUsually out-of-scope for GeoRef. Added to Thesaurus in 1981.
Inyan Kara Group  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Phanerozoic
 ..Mesozoic
 ...Cretaceous
 ....Lower Cretaceous
 .....Inyan Kara Group
RTWyoming
 North Dakota
 South Dakota
 Fall River Formation
 Lakota Formation
SNNE Wyoming, North Dakota and W South Dakota. Added to Thesaurus in 1985.
Inyo County California  search
BTUnited States
 .California
 ..Inyo County California
NTCoso Hot Springs KGRA
 Coso Range
 Funeral Mountains
 Inyo Mountains
 Owens Lake
 Panamint Range
RTBlack Mountains
 Nopah Range
 Chalfant Valley earthquake 1986
 Death Valley
 Furnace Creek
 El Paso Mountains
 Golden Trout Wilderness
 Kingston Range
 Long Valley
 Owens Valley
 Searles Lake
SNE California.
Inyo Domes  search
BTUnited States
 .California
 ..Mono County California
 ...Inyo Domes
RTLong Valley Caldera
 Owens Valley
 Obsidian Dome
SNIn Long Valley Caldera, E California. Added to Thesaurus in 1989.
Inyo Mountains  search
BTUnited States
 .California
 ..Inyo County California
 ...Inyo Mountains
UFWhite-Inyo Mountains
 White-Inyo Range
RTWhite Mountains
SNRange in E California.