u  search
U-234  search
BTisotopes
 .radioactive isotopes
 ..U-234
BTmetals
 .actinides
 ..uranium
 ...U-234
RTU-234/Th-230
 U-238/U-234
SNThis term has multiple hierarchies.
U-234/Th-230  search
BTisotopes
 .radioactive isotopes
 ..U-234/Th-230
BTmetals
 .actinides
 ..thorium
 ...U-234/Th-230
BTmetals
 .actinides
 ..uranium
 ...U-234/Th-230
UFTh-230/U-234
RTisotope ratios
 Th-230
 U-234
SNThis term has multiple hierarchies.
U-234/U-238  search
USEU-238/U-234
U-235  search
BTisotopes
 .radioactive isotopes
 ..U-235
BTmetals
 .actinides
 ..uranium
 ...U-235
RTU-238/U-235
SNThis term has multiple hierarchies.
U-235/U-238  search
USEU-238/U-235
U-238  search
BTisotopes
 .radioactive isotopes
 ..U-238
BTmetals
 .actinides
 ..uranium
 ...U-238
RTU-238/Pb-204
 U-238/Th-230
 U-238/Th-232
 U-238/U-234
 U-238/U-235
SNThis term has multiple hierarchies.
U-238/Pb-204  search
BTisotopes
 .radioactive isotopes
 ..U-238/Pb-204
BTmetals
 .lead
 ..U-238/Pb-204
BTmetals
 .actinides
 ..uranium
 ...U-238/Pb-204
RTHIMU
 Pb-204
 U-238
SNFor isotopic ratio used in age determination, use U/Pb. This term has multiple hierarchies.
U-238/Pb-206  search
BTisotopes
 .radioactive isotopes
 ..U-238/Pb-206
BTisotopes
 .stable isotopes
 ..U-238/Pb-206
BTmetals
 .lead
 ..U-238/Pb-206
BTmetals
 .actinides
 ..uranium
 ...U-238/Pb-206
RTisotope ratios
SNAs of 1989, for isotopic ratio used in age determination, use U/Pb. This term has multiple hierarchies.
U-238/Th-230  search
BTisotopes
 .radioactive isotopes
 ..U-238/Th-230
BTmetals
 .actinides
 ..thorium
 ...U-238/Th-230
BTmetals
 .actinides
 ..uranium
 ...U-238/Th-230
UFTh-230/U-238
RTisotope ratios
 Th-230
 U-238
SNThis term has multiple hierarchies.
U-238/Th-232  search
BTisotopes
 .radioactive isotopes
 ..U-238/Th-232
BTmetals
 .actinides
 ..thorium
 ...U-238/Th-232
BTmetals
 .actinides
 ..uranium
 ...U-238/Th-232
UFTh-232/U-238
RTTh-232
 U-238
SNThis term has multiple hierarchies.
U-238/U-234  search
BTisotopes
 .radioactive isotopes
 ..U-238/U-234
BTmetals
 .actinides
 ..uranium
 ...U-238/U-234
UFU-234/U-238
RTisotope ratios
 U-234
 U-238
SNThis term has multiple hierarchies.
U-238/U-235  search
BTisotopes
 .radioactive isotopes
 ..U-238/U-235
BTmetals
 .actinides
 ..uranium
 ...U-238/U-235
UFU-235/U-238
RTisotope ratios
 U-235
 U-238
SNThis term has multiple hierarchies.
U-stage  search
USEuniversal stage
U. S. Bureau of Land Management  search
BTgovernment agencies
 .U. S. Bureau of Land Management
UFBLM (U. S. Bureau of Land Management)
 Bureau of Land Management
RTland management
 public lands
U. S. Bureau of Mines  search
BTgovernment agencies
 .U. S. Bureau of Mines
UFU.S. Bureau of Mines
 USBM
SNAdded to Thesaurus in 1985.
U. S. Department of Agriculture  search
BTgovernment agencies
 .U. S. Department of Agriculture
UFUSDA
RTagriculture
U. S. Department of Energy  search
BTgovernment agencies
 .U. S. Department of Energy
UFDepartment of Energy, U.S.
 DOE
 U.S. Department of Energy
SNAdded to Thesaurus in 1985.
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency  search
BTgovernment agencies
 .U. S. Environmental Protection Agency
UFEnvironmental Protection Agency, U.S.
 EPA
 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
RTClean Air Act
 Clean Water Act
 Safe Drinking Water Act
 Superfund
SNAdded to Thesaurus in 1989.
U. S. Geological Survey  search
BTgovernment agencies
 .survey organizations
 ..U. S. Geological Survey
UFU.S. Geological Survey
 United States Geological Survey
RTAMRAP
 AMCOR
 RASA
 CRIB
 CUSMAP
 NWIS-II
 NAWQA
 USGS
U. S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission  search
BTgovernment agencies
 .U. S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission
UFNRC
 U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission
SNAdded to Thesaurus in 1985.
U. S. Rocky Mountains  search
BTUnited States
 .U. S. Rocky Mountains
BTNorth America
 .Rocky Mountains
 ..U. S. Rocky Mountains
NTAbsaroka Range
 Big Belt Mountains
 Bighorn Mountains
 Bitterroot Range
 Bridger Range
 Flint Creek Range
 Gore Range
 Gravelly Range
 Laramie Mountains
 Little Belt Mountains
 Medicine Bow Mountains
 Owl Creek Mountains
 San Juan Mountains
 Sangre de Cristo Mountains
 Sawatch Range
 Spanish Peaks
 Tendoy Range
 Tobacco Root Mountains
 Uinta Mountains
 Wasatch Range
 Wet Mountains
 Wind River Range
RTIdaho
 North American Cordillera
 Pioneer Mountains
 Northern Rocky Mountains
 Great Divide Basin
 Central Rocky Mountains
 Pikes Peak
 Crazy Mountains
 Elk Mountains
 Front Range
 Madison Range
 Mahogany Zone
 Mullen Creek-Nash Fork shear zone
 Mosquito Range
 Red Des
SNBefore 1981, search Rocky Mountains AND United States. This term has multiple hierarchies. Indexed with states as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1981.
U. S. S. R.  search
SNNot a valid term for GeoRef after 1971. See USSR or Commonwealth of Independent States. Used in subfile G.
U. S. Virgin Islands  search
BTCaribbean region
 .West Indies
 ..Antilles
 ...Lesser Antilles
 ....Virgin Islands
 .....U. S. Virgin Islands
NTSaint Croix
 Saint Thomas
RTUnited States
 Saint John Island
SNVirgin Islands of the United States. Before 1981, search Virgin Islands. Added to Thesaurus in 1981.
U.S. Bureau of Mines  search
USEU. S. Bureau of Mines
U.S. Department of Energy  search
USEU. S. Department of Energy
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency  search
USEU. S. Environmental Protection Agency
U.S. Exclusive Economic Zone  search
USEUnited States Exclusive Economic Zone
U.S. Geological Survey  search
USEU. S. Geological Survey
U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission  search
USEU. S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission
U/He  search
RTabsolute age
 helium
 isotope ratios
 uranium
SNIsotopic ratio used in age determination.
U/Pb  search
UFuranium-lead
RTabsolute age
 Pb-210
 Pb/Pb
 Pb/Th
 isotope ratios
 thermochronology
 lead
 uranium
SNIsotopic ratio used in age determination.
U/Th  search
USETh/U
U/Th/Pb  search
RTabsolute age
 isotope ratios
 lead
 Th/U
 thorium
 uranium
 uranium disequilibrium
SNIsotopic ratio used in age determination.
Uaua Brazil  search
BTSouth America
 .Brazil
 ..Bahia Brazil
 ...Uaua Brazil
SNVillage in NE Bahia, E Brazil.
Ubangi-Shari  search
USECentral African Republic
Ube coal field  search
BTnshu
 .Yamaguchi Japan
 ..Ube coal field
UFUbe Coalfield
RTcoal fields
SNE of Shimonoseki in SW Honshu.
Ube Coalfield  search
USEUbe coal field
Uchaly Russian Federation  search
BTCommonwealth of Independent States
 .Russian Federation
 ..Bashkortostan Russian Federation
 ...Uchaly Russian Federation
SNVillage in E Bashkortostan, Southern Urals in SE European Russian Federation. Before 1993, Uchaly Russian Republic was also used. This term has multiple hierarchies.
Uchi Lake  search
BTCanada
 .Eastern Canada
 ..Ontario
 ...Kenora District Ontario
 ....Uchi Lake
SNNW Ontario. After 1993, use Uchi Lake Ontario for the village nearby. Also search Uchi.
Uchur River basin  search
BTCommonwealth of Independent States
 .Russian Federation
 ..Uchur River basin
BTAsia
 .Uchur River basin
RTYakutia Russian Federation
 Khabarovsk Russian Federation
SNCentral W Khabarovsk Kray and SE Yakutia in E Siberia. Before 1978, also search Uchur; Uchur River. This term has multiple hierarchies.
Uda River  search
BTCommonwealth of Independent States
 .Russian Federation
 ..Uda River
BTAsia
 .Uda River
UFChuma River
RTIrkutsk Russian Federation
SNRises in Irkutsk Oblast and flows into Angara River just above its junction with the Yenisei River in S central Siberia. Also search Uda. This term has multiple hierarchies.
Udachnaya Pipe  search
BTCommonwealth of Independent States
 .Russian Federation
 ..Yakutia Russian Federation
 ...Udachnaya Pipe
RTSiberian Platform
 Anabar Shield
SNKimberlite pipe. This term has multiple hierarchies. Added to Thesaurus in 1989.
Udachnaya Russian Federation  search
BTCommonwealth of Independent States
 .Russian Federation
 ..Yakutia Russian Federation
 ...Udachnaya Russian Federation
SNVillage just S of the Arctic Circle in W central Yakutia. Before 1993, Udachnaya Russian Republic was also used. This term has multiple hierarchies.
Udaipur India  search
BTAsia
 .Indian Peninsula
 ..India
 ...Rajasthan India
 ....Udaipur India
SNCity and district in S Rajasthan, NW India.
Udmurt Russian Federation  search
USEUdmurtia Russian Federation
Udmurtia Russian Federation  search
BTCommonwealth of Independent States
 .Russian Federation
 ..Udmurtia Russian Federation
BTEurope
 .Udmurtia Russian Federation
UFUdmurt Russian Federation
RTUral region
SNFormer Udmurt Autonomous Soviet Sovialist Republic. W of the Urals and NE of Kazan. Before 1993, Udmurtia Russian Republic was also used. This term has multiple hierarchies.
Udokan Mountains  search
BTCommonwealth of Independent States
 .Russian Federation
 ..Udokan Mountains
BTAsia
 .Udokan Mountains
SNIn area where Amur Oblast, Chita Oblast and Yakutia meet NE of Lake Baikal. Also search Udokan. This term has multiple hierarchies.
Udokan Series  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Precambrian
 ..Proterozoic
 ...Udokan Series
RTRussian Federation
 Yakutia Russian Federation
 Amur region
 Chita Russian Federation
SNPaleoproterozoic. An aggregate of metamorphised sedimentary rocks including schists, phyllites, sandstones, and crystalline limestone. In NW Amur Oblast, N Chita Oblast, and S Yakutia NE of Lake Baikal.
Ufa Russian Federation  search
BTCommonwealth of Independent States
 .Russian Federation
 ..Bashkortostan Russian Federation
 ...Ufa Russian Federation
SNCity in Bashkortostan, Southern Urals. Before 1993, Ufa Russian Republic was also used. This term has multiple hierarchies.
Ufaley Russian Federation  search
BTCommonwealth of Independent States
 .Russian Federation
 ..Chelyabinsk Russian Federation
 ...Ufaley Russian Federation
UFNizhniy Ufaley Russian Federation
SNTown in NW Chelyabinsk Oblast in the Central Urals of W Siberia. Before 1993, Ufaley Russian Republic was also used. Indexed with regions as applicable.
Uganda  search
BTAfrica
 .East Africa
 ..Uganda
NTBukusu
 Kakuto Uganda
 Moroto Mountain
RTNile River
 East African Rift
 Mount Baker
 Lake Albert
 Lake Edward
 Lake Victoria
SNFormer British protectorate which became independent in 1962.
Uinta Basin  search
BTUnited States
 .Uinta Basin
UFUintah Basin
RTUtah
 Colorado
SNNW Colorado and NE Utah. Indexed with states as applicable.
Uinta County Wyoming  search
BTUnited States
 .Wyoming
 ..Uinta County Wyoming
RTMoxa Arch
SNExtreme SW Wyoming.
Uinta Formation  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Phanerozoic
 ..Cenozoic
 ...Paleogene
 ....Eocene
 .....upper Eocene
 ......Uinta Formation
RTUtah
 Colorado
SNColorado and NE Utah. Added to Thesaurus in 1985.
Uinta Mountain Group  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Precambrian
 ..Uinta Mountain Group
RTUtah
 Colorado
SNNE Utah and NW Colorado. Added to Thesaurus in 1985.
Uinta Mountains  search
BTUnited States
 .U. S. Rocky Mountains
 ..Uinta Mountains
RTUtah
 Wyoming
SNRange chiefly in NE Utah. This term has multiple hierarchies. Indexed with counties and states as applicable.
Uintah Basin  search
USEUinta Basin
Uintah County Utah  search
BTUnited States
 .Utah
 ..Uintah County Utah
RTDinosaur National Monument
SNNE Utah.
uintahite  search
USEgilsonite
uintaite  search
USEgilsonite
Uintan  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Phanerozoic
 ..Cenozoic
 ...Paleogene
 ....Eocene
 .....Uintan
SNNorth America. Middle to upper Eocene. Above Bridgerian; below Duchesnian. Added to Thesaurus in 1989.
Ukraine  search
BTEurope
 .Ukraine
BTCommonwealth of Independent States
 .Ukraine
NTArtemovsk Ukraine
 Bar Ukraine
 Belozerka Ukraine
 Bitkov Ukraine
 Boltyshka Depression
 Borshchev Ukraine
 Cherkassy Ukraine
 Chernigov Ukraine
 Crimea Ukraine
 Dnepropetrovsk Ukraine
 Dolina Ukraine
 Glinsk Ukraine
 Gorlovka Basin
 Il'Intsa
 Ingul River
 Ingulets River
 Ivano-Frankovsk Ukraine
 Kharkov Ukraine
 Kiev Ukraine
 Kirovograd Ukraine
 Konstantinovka Ukraine
 Kosov Ukraine
 Krivoy Rog Basin
 Lebedin Ukraine
 Lvov Ukraine
 Lvov-Volyn Basin
 Nikitovka Ukraine
 Odessa Ukraine
 Pervomaisk Ukraine
 Podolia
 Pokutye
 Poltava Ukraine
 Ros River valley
 Rozdol Ukraine
 Rudki Ukraine
 Sob River basin
 Tereblya Ukraine
 Teterev River valley
 Transcarpathia Ukraine
 Ukrainian Carpathians
 Ukrainian Shield
 Vodino Ukraine
 Volhynia
 Volyn Ukraine
 Volyn-Podolia
 Zaporozhe Ukraine
 Zhdanov Ukraine
 Zhitomir Ukraine
RTDanube River
 Danube Valley
 Azov region
 Brest Basin
 Bug region
 Bug River
 Dnieper Basin
 Dnieper River
 Beshchady Mountains
 Carpathians
 Black Sea region
 Bukovina
 Carpathian Foredeep
 Carpathian Foreland
 Danube Delta
 Divnoe Meteorite
 Dnieper-Donets Basin
 Dniest
SNRepublic. Formerly the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic. This term has multiple hierarchies.
Ukrainian Carpathians  search
BTEurope
 .Ukraine
 ..Ukrainian Carpathians
BTEurope
 .Carpathians
 ..Ukrainian Carpathians
NTRakhov Massif
UFSoviet Carpathians
RTRussian Platform
 Eastern Carpathians
SNE extension of the Carpathians in SW Ukraine. This term has multiple hierarchies.
Ukrainian Shield  search
BTEurope
 .Ukraine
 ..Ukrainian Shield
BTRussian Platform
 .Ukrainian Shield
UFVolyno-Azov Massif
SNExtends from the S Polesye in the NW to the Azov Sea. This term has multiple hierarchies.
Ukrainian Syneclise  search
BTEurope
 .Ukrainian Syneclise
BTRussian Platform
 .Ukrainian Syneclise
RTUkraine
SNThis term has multiple hierarchies. Indexed with former Soviet republics as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1981.
Ulan Bator Mongolia  search
BTAsia
 .Far East
 ..Mongolia
 ...Ulan Bator Mongolia
UFUrga Mongolia
SNCity in N central Mongolia.
Ulatisian  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Phanerozoic
 ..Cenozoic
 ...Paleogene
 ....Eocene
 .....middle Eocene
 ......Ulatisian
SNNorth America. Above Penutian, below Narizian.
ulexite  search
BTborates
 .ulexite
UFboronatrocalcite
 natroborocalcite
Ulianovsk Russian Federation  search
USEUlyanovsk Russian Federation
Ulkan Russian Federation  search
BTCommonwealth of Independent States
 .Russian Federation
 ..Irkutsk Russian Federation
 ...Ulkan Russian Federation
SNVillage NW of N Lake Baikal in Irkutsk Oblast. Before 1993, Ulkan Russian Republic was also used. This term has multiple hierarchies.
ullmannite  search
BTsulfides
 .ullmannite
UFnickel-antimony glance
RTwillyamite
Ulmaceae  search
BTPlantae
 .Spermatophyta
 ..Angiospermae
 ...Dicotyledoneae
 ....Ulmaceae
Ulmus  search
BTPlantae
 .Spermatophyta
 ..Angiospermae
 ...Dicotyledoneae
 ....Ulmus
SNGenus.
Ulsan South Korea  search
BTAsia
 .Far East
 ..Korea
 ...South Korea
 ....Ulsan South Korea
SNTown in S South Korea.
Ulster  search
SNNot a valid term for GeoRef as of 1993. See Northern Ireland.
Ulster County New York  search
BTUnited States
 .New York
 ..Ulster County New York
NTShawangunk Mountains
SNS New York.
Ultisols  search
BTsoils
 .Ultisols
NTPaleudults
RTsoil group
ultrabasic composition  search
USEultramafic composition
ultrabasic rocks  search
SNNot a valid term for GeoRef. Before 1971, included use in subfiles E, G, N and B. Now use ultramafics or ultramafic composition.
ultrabasite  search
BTsulfides
 .ultrabasite
UFdiaphorite
SNFor ultramafic rocks, use ultramafics or ultramafic composition.
ultramafic  search
SNA valid term through 1977. After 1977, use ultramafic composition.
ultramafic composition  search
UFultrabasic composition
RTigneous rocks
 composition
 mafic composition
SNBefore 1978, search ultramafic; ultrabasic.
ultramafic family  search
SNAs of 1981, no longer a valid term for GeoRef. Use ultramafics or peridotites as applicable.
ultramafic rocks  search
SNA valid term through 1976. Use ultramafics or ultramafic composition.
ultramafics  search
BTigneous rocks
 .plutonic rocks
 ..ultramafics
NTariegite
 augitite
 bronzitite
 chromitite
 clinopyroxenite
 diallagite
 eulysite
 garnet pyroxenite
 griquaite
 hornblendite
 kimberlite
 komatiite
 limburgite
 meimechite
 olivinite
 orthopyroxenite
 peridotites
 pyroxenite
 websterite
RTleucitite
 melilitite
 nephelinite
 alpine-type features
 ankaramite
 picrite
 picrite porphyry
 ophiolite
SNBefore 1981, search ultramafic family, ultramafic rocks.
ultrametamorphism  search
BTmetamorphism
 .ultrametamorphism
ultramylonite  search
BTmetamorphic rocks
 .mylonites
 ..ultramylonite
UFultramylonites
RTfaults
SNAdded to Thesaurus in 1989.
ultramylonites  search
USEultramylonite
ultrapotassic composition  search
RTalkalic composition
 composition
 potassic composition
SNAdded to Thesaurus in 1995.
ultrasonic methods  search
RTacoustical methods
 borehole televiewers
 geophysical surveys
 methods
 geophysical methods
SNAdded to Thesaurus in 1985.
ultrastructure  search
RTpaleontology
 petrography
 planar deformation features
SNBefore 1978, also search microstructure. Also see deformation.
ultraviolet light  search
USEultraviolet radiation
ultraviolet radiation  search
BTelectromagnetic radiation
 .ultraviolet radiation
UFultraviolet light
 ultraviolet rays
 UV radiation
ultraviolet rays  search
USEultraviolet radiation
ultraviolet spectra  search
BTspectra
 .ultraviolet spectra
UFultraviolet spectrum
 UV spectra
RTspectroscopy
 dosimetry
 ultraviolet spectroscopy
SNBefore 1978, also search ultraviolet.
ultraviolet spectroscopy  search
BTspectroscopy
 .ultraviolet spectroscopy
RTchemical analysis
 analysis
 ultraviolet spectra
SNBefore 1978, also search spectroscopy AND ultraviolet.
ultraviolet spectrum  search
USEultraviolet spectra
Ulu-Tau  search
BTCommonwealth of Independent States
 .Kazakhstan
 ..Ulu-Tau
UFUlutau
RTDzhezkazgan Kazakhstan
SNRange W of the Kazakh Hills in Dzhezkazgan Oblast in central Kazakhstan. This term has multiple hierarchies.
Ulutau  search
USEUlu-Tau
ulvospinel  search
BToxides
 .ulvospinel
RTiron oxides
 titanium oxides
 spinel group
Ulyanovsk Russian Federation  search
BTCommonwealth of Independent States
 .Russian Federation
 ..Ulyanovsk Russian Federation
BTEurope
 .Ulyanovsk Russian Federation
UFSimbirsk Russian Federation
 Ulianovsk Russian Federation
SNOblast and also city on the right bank of the Volga River S of Kazan. Before 1993, Ulyanovsk Russian Republic was also used. This term has multiple hierarchies.
Umanak Greenland  search
BTArctic region
 .Greenland
 ..Umanak Greenland
SNSettlement on S shore of Umanak Fjord midway up W coast.
umangite  search
BTselenides
 .umangite
Umaria India  search
BTAsia
 .Indian Peninsula
 ..India
 ...Madhya Pradesh India
 ....Umaria India
SNTown in NE Madhya Pradesh, central India.
Umatilla County Oregon  search
BTUnited States
 .Oregon
 ..Umatilla County Oregon
Umba River  search
RTKarelia
 Karelia Russian Federation
 Kenya
 Tanzania
SNFrom Kenya flows into Indian Ocean just N of Tanzanian border. May also occur in Karelia Russian Federation. Also search Umba and country as applicable. Indexed with countries as applicable.
Umberatana Group  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Precambrian
 ..Proterozoic
 ...Umberatana Group
RTSouth Australia
 Australia
SNE South Australia. Added to Thesaurus in 1989.
Umbria Italy  search
BTEurope
 .Southern Europe
 ..Italy
 ...Umbria Italy
NTPerugia Italy
 Terni Italy
RTTiber Valley
SNAutonomous region in central Italy.
Umbriel Satellite  search
RTsatellites
 Uranus
 Voyager Program
SNOne of the satellites of Uranus. Before 1989, also search Umbriel AND Uranus. Added to Thesaurus in 1989.
Umiat Field  search
BTUnited States
 .Alaska
 ..Northern Alaska
 ...Umiat Field
RToil and gas fields
 North Slope
SNOil field. North Slope, N Alaska. Added to Thesaurus in 1989.
Umm al Qaiwain  search
USEUmm al-Qaiwain
Umm al-Qaiwain  search
BTAsia
 .Arabian Peninsula
 ..United Arab Emirates
 ...Umm al-Qaiwain
UFUmm al Qaiwain
SNEmirate. One of federation of 7 states at S end of Persian Gulf.
umohoite  search
BTmolybdates
 .umohoite
Umpqua Formation  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Phanerozoic
 ..Cenozoic
 ...Paleogene
 ....Eocene
 .....Umpqua Formation
RTCalifornia
 Oregon
SNLower to middle Eocene. Predominantly medium-grained sandstone with some shaly and conglomerate layers. In N California and SW Oregon.
Umrer India  search
BTAsia
 .Indian Peninsula
 ..India
 ...Madhya Pradesh India
 ....Umrer India
SNTown in central Madhya Pradesh, central India.
un  search
Unalaska Island  search
BTUnited States
 .Alaska
 ..Southwestern Alaska
 ...Aleutian Islands
 ....Unalaska Island
NTMakushin
SNIn Fox Islands, Aleutian Islands, SW Alaska. Added to Thesaurus in 1989.
uncertainty  search
RTerrors
 geostatistics
 probability
 reliability
 statistical analysis
SNAlso index specific type of analysis if applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1998.
UNCLOS  search
USELaw of the Sea
Uncompahgre Plateau  search
USEUncompahgre Uplift
Uncompahgre Uplift  search
BTUnited States
 .Uncompahgre Uplift
UFUncompahgre Plateau
RTNew Mexico
 Utah
 Colorado
 Paradox Basin
SNIndexed with states as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1989.
unconfined aquifers  search
BTaquifers
 .unconfined aquifers
RTground water
 shallow depth
 water table
 shallow aquifers
 surficial aquifers
unconformities  search
NTangular unconformities
 erosional unconformities
UFunconformity
RTstratigraphy
 hardground
 exhumation
 sequence stratigraphy
 lithostratigraphy
 stratigraphic gaps
unconformity  search
USEunconformities
unconformity-type deposits  search
RTmineral deposits, genesis
 uranium ores
unconsolidated materia  search
unconsolidated materials  search
RTcoarse-grained materials
 compactness
 consolidation
 fines
 materials
 particulate materials
 sediments
 soil mechanics
 soils
SNBefore 1978, search unconsolidated.
UNCTAD  search
UFUnited Nations Conference on Trade and Development
RTassociations
 economics
 international cooperation
 United Nations
SNAcronym. Usually out-of-scope for GeoRef. Added to Thesaurus in 1981.
und  search
Unda Russian Federation  search
BTCommonwealth of Independent States
 .Russian Federation
 ..Chita Russian Federation
 ...Unda Russian Federation
SNVillage in S Chita Oblast in Transbaikalia. Before 1993, Unda Russian Republic was also used. This term has multiple hierarchies.
undation  search
RTcrust
 crustal thickening
 tectonics
underclay  search
UFcoal clay
 root clay
 seat clay
 seat earth
 underearth
RTclay
 fireclay
 coal seams
underearth  search
USEunderclay
underground  search
SNA valid term through 1977. After 1977, use underground space.
underground cavities  search
RTcaverns
 caves
 solution cavities
 geomorphology
 underground space
 volcanic features
SNUse solution cavities if applicable. Also see underground space for engineering geology. Added to Thesaurus in 1993.
underground channels  search
RTchannels
 drainage
 infiltration galleries
 irrigation
 ground water
 underground installations
 waterways
SNAdded to Thesaurus in 1981.
underground disposal  search
UFunderground waste disposal
RTwaste disposal
 radioactive waste
 waste disposal sites
 waste management
 underground installations
 landfills
 far-field
 near-field
 underground storage
 underground storage tanks
SNAdded to Thesaurus in 1985.
underground installations  search
UFinstallations, underground
RTmines
 land subsidence
 seismic response
 rock mechanics
 permafrost
 geologic hazards
 seepage
 design
 construction
 feasibility studies
 foundations
 excavations
 pipelines
 leaking underground storage tanks
 far-field
 near-field
 gas storage
 oil storage
 site explora
SNUsed for geological studies on underground cavities (natural or otherwise), excluding tunnels.
underground mines  search
USEunderground mining
underground mining  search
BTmining
 .underground mining
UFsubsurface mining
 underground mines
RTmines
 mining geology
 cut-and-fill mining
 longwall mining
 underground installations
 roof control
SNAdded to Thesaurus in 1982.
Underground Research Laboratory  search
RTLac du Bonnet Batholith
 Pinawa Manitoba
 waste disposal
SNCanada's URL is located at (N50#DG15'W095#DG50'), about 10 kilometers north of Pinawa Manitoba, Whiteshell Research Area, W end of Whiteshell Provincial Park. In the Lac du Bonnet Batholith, it is site of nuclear waste disposal investigations. May occur i
underground space  search
UFspace, underground
RTland use
 underground cavities
 underground installations
 underground storage
underground storage  search
UFsubsurface storage
RTwaste disposal
 underground installations
 storage
 leaking underground storage tanks
 far-field
 near-field
 underground disposal
 gas storage
 oil storage
 underground storage tanks
 high-level waste
 low-level waste
 Stripa region
 underground space
SNAdded to Thesaurus in 1982.
underground storage tanks  search
RTgas storage
 gasoline
 leaking underground storage tanks
 oil storage
 petroleum products
 storage
 underground disposal
 underground storage
 waste disposal
SNUse leaking underground storage tanks if applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1995.
underground streams  search
RTcaverns
 caves
 exsurgence
 hydrogeology
 hydrology
 karst
 resurgence
 springs
 streams
 tributaries
 geomorphology
 ground water
 unsaturated zone
SNAdded to Thesaurus in 1982.
underground waste disposal  search
USEunderground disposal
underground water  search
USEground water
Underhill Formation  search
RTLower Cambrian
 Neoproterozoic
 Vermont
SNIndexed with ages as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1989.
underplating  search
UFsubcretion
RTextension tectonics
 plate tectonics
 rifting
 accretionary wedges
 active margins
 subduction zones
 lithosphere
 continental crust
 oceanic crust
 underthrust faults
SNUsed to refer to different concepts in plate tectonics: In areas of rifting and thinning of continental crust, used to describe emplacement of basaltic magma at the base of the continental crust. In oceanic subduction zones, used to refer to accretion of
underpressure  search
RTfluid pressure
 hydrostatic pressure
 pore pressure
 pressure
 reservoir properties
underthrust faults  search
BTfaults
 .underthrust faults
RTunderplating
SNBefore 1978, search underthrust AND faults.
UNDP  search
UFUnited Nations Development Programme
RTassociations
 United Nations
SNAdded to Thesaurus in 1981.
undulatory extinction  search
RTmicroscope methods
 optical extinction
SNAdded to Thesaurus in 1981.
Ungava  search
BTCanada
 .Ungava
UFNew Quebec
RTQuebec
 Labrador
 New Quebec Crater
SNRegion including Quebec N of Eastmain River and SW Labrador. Indexed with Labrador and/or Quebec as applicable.
Ungava Crater  search
USENew Quebec Crater
Ungulata  search
BTChordata
 .Vertebrata
 ..Tetrapoda
 ...Mammalia
 ....Theria
 .....Eutheria
 ......Ungulata
RTCondylarthra
 Amblypoda
 Artiodactyla
 Perissodactyla
 Dinocerata
 Litopterna
 Pantodonta
 Pyrotheria
 Xenungulata
SNInformal group name for the hoofed mammals. Includes Amblypoda, Artiodactyla, Condylarthra, Dinocerata, Litopterna, Pantodonta, Perissodactyla, Pyrotheria, and Xenungulata.
uniaxial tests  search
RTbiaxial tests
 testing
 triaxial tests
 engineering geology
SNBefore 1978, search uniaxial.
Unicoi County Tennessee  search
BTUnited States
 .Tennessee
 ..Unicoi County Tennessee
UNIDO  search
UFUnited Nations Industrial Development Organization
RTassociations
 United Nations
SNAdded to Thesaurus in 1981.
uniformitarianism  search
UFactualism
RTsedimentation
 deposition
 biologic evolution
 stratigraphy
 geology
 catastrophism
 creationism
 history
Union County Arkansas  search
BTUnited States
 .Arkansas
 ..Union County Arkansas
SNS Arkansas.
Union County Florida  search
BTUnited States
 .Florida
 ..Union County Florida
SNN Florida.
Union County Georgia  search
BTUnited States
 .Georgia
 ..Union County Georgia
SNN Georgia.
Union County Illinois  search
BTUnited States
 .Illinois
 ..Union County Illinois
SNS Illinois.
Union County Indiana  search
BTIndiana
 .Union County Indiana
SNE Indiana.
Union County Iowa  search
BTUnited States
 .Iowa
 ..Union County Iowa
SNS Iowa.
Union County Kentucky  search
BTUnited States
 .Kentucky
 ..Union County Kentucky
SNW Kentucky.
Union County Mississippi  search
BTUnited States
 .Mississippi
 ..Union County Mississippi
SNN Mississippi.
Union County New Jersey  search
BTUnited States
 .New Jersey
 ..Union County New Jersey
RTWatchung Mountains
Union County New Mexico  search
BTUnited States
 .New Mexico
 ..Union County New Mexico
RTPasamonte Meteorite
SNExtreme NE New Mexico.
Union County North Carolina  search
BTUnited States
 .North Carolina
 ..Union County North Carolina
SNS North Carolina.
Union County Ohio  search
BTUnited States
 .Ohio
 ..Union County Ohio
SNCentral Ohio.
Union County Oregon  search
BTUnited States
 .Oregon
 ..Union County Oregon
RTWallowa Mountains
SNNE Oregon.
Union County Pennsylvania  search
BTUnited States
 .Pennsylvania
 ..Union County Pennsylvania
SNCentral Pennsylvania.
Union County South Carolina  search
BTUnited States
 .South Carolina
 ..Union County South Carolina
SNN South Carolina.
Union County South Dakota  search
BTUnited States
 .South Dakota
 ..Union County South Dakota
SNSE South Dakota.
Union County Tennessee  search
BTUnited States
 .Tennessee
 ..Union County Tennessee
SNNE Tennessee.
Union Islands  search
USETokelau
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics  search
SNNot a valid GeoRef index term after 1968. See USSR or Commonwealth of Independent States.
Union Parish Louisiana  search
BTUnited States
 .Louisiana
 ..Union Parish Louisiana
Unionidae  search
BTInvertebrata
 .Mollusca
 ..Bivalvia
 ...Unionidae
unit cell  search
UFcell, unit
RTcrystal structure
 crystal systems
 lattice
 lattice parameters
United Arab Emirates  search
BTAsia
 .Arabian Peninsula
 ..United Arab Emirates
NTAbu Dhabi
 Ajman
 Dubai
 Fujairah
 Ras al-Khaimah
 Sharjah
 Umm al-Qaiwain
UFTrucial Coast
 Trucial Oman
RTHanifa Formation
 Khuff Formation
 Shuaiba Formation
 Arab Formation
 Middle East
 Near East
 Semail Ophiolite
 Thamama Group
SNFederation of 7 states which was achieved in 1972. Formerly known as Trucial States, Trucial Oman, or Trucial Coast. Not strictly equivalent to Trucial Coast, but replaces Trucial Coast.
United Kingdom  search
BTEurope
 .Western Europe
 ..United Kingdom
NTGreat Britain
 Isle of Man
 Northern Ireland
RTAberystwyth Grits
 British Virgin Islands
 Ballantrae Complex
 Speeton Clay
 Barton Beds
 Barwell Meteorite
 Bembridge Marls
 British Geological Survey
 Skiddaw Slates
 London Clay
 Lower Greensand
 Sherwood Sandstone
 Oxford Clay
 Penrhyn Slate
 Shap Granite
 Upper Old
SNComprising Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Indexed with political divisions as applicable.
United Nations  search
RTassociations
 International Monetary Fund
 UNCTAD
 UNDP
 UNIDO
 World Bank
United Nations Conference on Trade and Development  search
USEUNCTAD
United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea  search
USELaw of the Sea
United Nations Development Programme  search
USEUNDP
United Nations Industrial Development Organization  search
USEUNIDO
United States  search
NTAbsaroka Fault
 Alabama
 Alamosa River
 Alaska
 Albuquerque Basin
 Allegheny Front
 Allegheny Mountains
 Allegheny Plateau
 Amargosa Desert
 Amite River
 Anacostia River basin
 Anadarko Basin
 Ardmore Basin
 Arizona
 Arkansas
 Arkansas River
 Arkansas River valley
 Arkoma Basin
 Atlantic Coastal Plain
 Battle Mountain High
 Benton Uplift
 Big Blue River
 Bighorn Basin
 Bighorn River
 Black Warrior Basin
 Bloody Bluff Fault
 Blue Ridge Mountains
 Book Cliffs
 Brevard Zone
 Bronson Hill Anticlinorium
 California
 Cambridge Arch
 Canadian River
 Carolina Bays
 Carolina Terrane
 Carson River
 Cascade Range
 Catskill Delta
 Cedar Creek Anticline
 Central Basin Platform
 Chadron Arch
 Charlotte Belt
 Chattahoochee River
 Chemung River
 Chesapeake Bay
 Cheyenne Belt
 Chicot Aquifer
 Choptank River
 Cincinnati Arch
 Clark's Fork Basin
 Coeur d'Alene mining district
 Colorado
 Colorado Lineament
 Colorado Plateau
 Columbia Plateau
 Columbia River estuary
 Connecticut
 Connecticut River
 Connecticut Valley
 Coronado National Forest
 Crawford Thrust
 Culpeper Basin
 Dan River basin
 Delaware
 Delaware Basin
 Delaware Bay
 Delaware River
 Delaware River basin
 Delmarva Peninsula
 Denver Basin
 Dinosaur National Monument
 District of Columbia
 Dunbarton Basin
 Dunkard Basin
 Eastern U.S.
 Evangeline Aquifer
 Florida
 Floridan Aquifer
 Forest City Basin
 Four Corners
 Gallatin Range
 Genesee River
 Georgia
 Gettysburg Basin
 Gila River
 Great Basin
 Great Smoky Fault
 Great Smoky Mountains
 Hardeman Basin
 Hawaii
 Hayesville Fault
 Hayfork Terrane
 High Plains Aquifer
 Hudson River
 Hudson Valley
 Hueco Mountains
 Hugoton Embayment
 Hurricane Ridge Syncline
 Idaho
 Idaho Batholith
 Illinois
 Illinois Basin
 Iowa
 Ismay Zone
 Kansas
 Kentucky
 Kings Mountain Belt
 Kiokee Belt
 Kirkwood-Cohansey Aquifer
 Klamath Mountains
 Lake Char Fault
 Lake Chatuge
 Lake Powell
 Lake Tahoe
 Lewis and Clark Lineament
 Little Missouri River basin
 Llano Estacado
 Louisiana
 Madison Aquifer
 Magothy Aquifer
 Maine
 Maryland
 Massachusetts
 Maumee River valley
 Merrimack River valley
 Merrimack Synclinorium
 Michigan
 Midcontinent
 Midcontinent geophysical anomaly
 Middle Atlantic Bight
 Midwest
 Minnesota
 Mississippi
 Mississippi Embayment
 Mississippi River
 Mississippi Sound
 Mississippi Valley
 Missouri
 Missouri Plateau
 Missouri River
 Missouri River valley
 Mohave Mountains
 Montana
 Monticello Reservoir
 Mount Adams
 Moxa Arch
 Mullen Creek-Nash Fork shear zone
 Narragansett Basin
 Nashville Dome
 Navajo Indian Reservation
 Nebraska
 Nemaha Ridge
 Neosho River valley
 Nevada
 New England
 New Hampshire
 New Jersey
 New Madrid region
 New Mexico
 New York
 Newark Basin
 Newark-Gettysburg Basin
 North Carolina
 North Dakota
 Ogallala Aquifer
 Ohio
 Ohio River
 Ohio River basin
 Ohio River valley
 Okefenokee Swamp
 Oklahoma
 Oregon
 Orogrande Basin
 Ouachita Belt
 Ouachita Mountains
 Owyhee Mountains
 Ozark Mountains
 Palo Duro Basin
 Paradox Basin
 Pecos River
 Pecos River valley
 Pennsylvania
 Permian Basin
 Pilot Range
 Pine Mountain Window
 Potomac River
 Potomac River basin
 Powder River basin
 Pulaski thrust sheet
 Raft River
 Ramapo Fault
 Rangeley Lakes
 Raritan Bay
 Reading Prong
 Reelfoot Rift
 Rhode Island
 Rock Creek Park
 Sabine Uplift
 Saco River
 Salisbury Embayment
 Savannah River
 Selway-Bitterroot Wilderness
 Sevier orogenic belt
 Shenandoah Valley
 South Carolina
 South Dakota
 South Platte River
 South Platte River valley
 Southern Oklahoma Aulacogen
 Southern U.S.
 Southwestern U.S.
 Susquehanna River
 Susquehanna River basin
 Suwannee River
 Tennessee
 Tennessee River
 Tennessee Valley
 Texas
 Tombigbee River
 Trans-Pecos
 Truckee River
 U. S. Rocky Mountains
 Uinta Basin
 Uncompahgre Uplift
 Utah
 Verdigris River valley
 Vermont
 Virgin River valley
 Virginia
 Walker Lane
 Wasatch fault zone
 Wasatch Front
 Washakie Basin
 Washington
 Washita River valley
 West Virginia
 Western U.S.
 Wiggins Arch
 Wisconsin
 Wyoming
 Wyoming Province
 Yakima fold belt
 Yellowstone National Park
 Yellowstone River
RTAMCOR
 Appalachians
 Avalon
SNBetween 1978-1997, Pacific Coast was used as a narrower term.
United States Exclusive Economic Z  search
United States Exclusive Economic Zone  search
UFU.S. Exclusive Economic Zone
RTUnited States
 ocean floors
 economics
 Gulf of Mexico
 North Pacific
 North Atlantic
 offshore
 mineral exploration
 exploration
 policy
 Law of the Sea
 Exclusive Economic Zone
 strategic minerals
SNBefore 1985, also search EEZ or Exclusive Economic Zone AND United States. Added to Thesaurus in 1985.
United States Geological Survey  search
USEU. S. Geological Survey
units, stratigraphic  search
USEstratigraphic units
univariate analysis  search
BTstatistical analysis
 .univariate analysis
RTanalysis
 bivariate analysis
 multivariate analysis
SNAdded to Thesaurus in 1989.
Universal Soil Loss Equation  search
UFUSLE
RTerosion
 soils
 equations
 mathematical methods
 runoff
 soil erosion
 erodibility
SNAdded to Thesaurus in 1989.
universal stage  search
UFFedorov stage
 stage, universal
 U-stage
RTstructural analysis
 microscope methods
 ore microscopy
universities  search
USEacademic institutions
University of Arizona  search
RTacademic institutions
 Arizona
SNIn Tucson.
University of Bonn  search
RTacademic institutions
 Germany
SNIn Bonn, North Rhine-Westphalia.
University of California  search
RTacademic institutions
 Los Alamos National Laboratory
 California
SNHas geoscience departments located in Berkeley, Davis, Los Angeles, Riverside, San Diego, Santa Barbara and Santa Cruz.
University of Cambridge  search
USECambridge University
University of Louvain  search
RTacademic institutions
 Belgium
SNIn Louvain E of Brussels.
University of Lund  search
RTacademic institutions
 Sweden
SNIn Lund, Malmohus, extreme S Sweden.
University of Michigan  search
RTacademic institutions
 Michigan
SNIn Ann Arbor W of Detroit.
University of Pennsylvania  search
RTacademic institutions
 Pennsylvania
SNIn Philadelphia.
University of Rome  search
RTacademic institutions
 Italy
SNIn Rome.
University of Tokyo  search
UFTokyo Imperial University
RTacademic institutions
 Japan
SNIn Tokyo.
University of Wisconsin  search
RTacademic institutions
 Wisconsin
SNHas geoscience departments located in Madison, Eau Claire, Green Bay, Wausau (Marathon County campus), Milwaukee, Oshkosh, Kenosha (Parkside campus), Platteville, River Falls, Stevens Point, Superior and Whitewater.
Unkar Group  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Precambrian
 ..Unkar Group
RTArizona
SNGrand Canyon Series. Divided into (descending) Dox Sandstone, Shinumo Quartzite, Hakatai Shale, Bass Limestone, and Hotuata Conglomerate. In N Arizona.
unmixing  search
USEexsolution
unsaturated zone  search
UFnon-saturated zone
 vadose zone
 zone of aeration
RTsoils
 ground water
 hydrogeology
 SUTRA
 preferential flow
 capillary water
 saturated zone
 water table
 underground streams
 water regimes
 Green-Ampt model
 DRAINMOD
 infiltration
 Richards equation
SNSubsurface zone with pressure less than atmospheric. In GeoRef, it is not considered ground water. Added to Thesaurus in 1981.
Unst  search
BTEurope
 .Western Europe
 ..United Kingdom
 ...Great Britain
 ....Scotland
 .....Shetland Islands
 ......Unst
SNNorthernmost large island of the Shetland Islands. This term has multiple hierarchies.
unsteady flow  search
UFtransient flow
RThydrology
 hydrodynamics
 hydraulics
 fluid dynamics
 radial flow
 steady flow
SNAdded to Thesaurus in 1982.
Unstrut River  search
BTEurope
 .Central Europe
 ..Germany
 ...Unstrut River
RTSaxony-Anhalt Germany
 Thuringia Germany
SNTributary of the Saale River. Also search Unstrut. Indexed with states as applicable.
Unzen  search
BTAsia
 .Far East
 ..Japan
 ...Kyushu
 ....Nagasaki Japan
 .....Unzen
UFUnzen Volcano
RTvolcanoes
SNActive volcano. In Unzen National Park, Nagasaki Prefecture on central Shimabar Peninsula E of Nagasaki.
Unzen Volcano  search
USEUnzen
Uonuma Group  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Phanerozoic
 ..Cenozoic
 ...Uonuma Group
RTLower Pleistocene
 upper Pliocene
 Honshu
 Japan
SNUpper Pliocene to lower Pleistocene. Composed of Oguni and Tsukayama formations. In NW Honshu. Indexed with ages as applicable.
up#Magdalenian#Martin Formation#Mousterian#Omo Group#Osaka Grou  search
uplands  search
RThighlands
 mesas
 plateaus
 geomorphology
SNUse more specific term if applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1993.
uplifts  search
RTdomes
 epeirogeny
 exhumation
 glacial rebound
 isostatic rebound
 neotectonics
 raised beaches
 subsidence
 swells
 tectonics
 vertical movements
upper Albian  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Phanerozoic
 ..Mesozoic
 ...Cretaceous
 ....Lower Cretaceous
 .....Albian
 ......upper Albian
SNAdded to Thesaurus in 1985.
upper Archean  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Precambrian
 ..Archean
 ...upper Archean
NTAmitsoq Gneiss
 Qorqut Granite
RTVentersdorp Supergroup
 Fortescue Group
 Levack Gneiss
SNAdded to Thesaurus in 1985.
upper atmosphere  search
SNAs of 1993, no longer a valid term for GeoRef. Usually out-of-scope.
Upper Austria  search
BTEurope
 .Central Europe
 ..Austria
 ...Upper Austria
NTGosau Austria
 Linz Austria
 Weyer Austria
RTSalzach River
 Salzkammergut
 Enns Valley
 North Austrian Crystallines
 Totes Gebirge
Upper Bavaria Germany  search
BTEurope
 .Central Europe
 ..Germany
 ...Bavaria Germany
 ....Upper Bavaria Germany
NTBerchtesgaden Germany
 Kreuth Germany
 Munich Germany
RTBavarian Alps
SNAn administrative division in the extreme S in which Munich, the Bavarian Alps and Salzburg Alps are located.
upper boundary  search
SNA valid general term through 1976. Now use stratigraphic boundary for stratigraphic meaning.
Upper Cambrian  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Phanerozoic
 ..Paleozoic
 ...Cambrian
 ....Upper Cambrian
NTBonneterre Formation
 Conococheague Formation
 Dresbachian
 Dunderberg Shale
 Eau Claire Formation
 Franconia Formation
 Galesville Sandstone
 Goldenville Formation
 Lamotte Sandstone
 Maynardville Limestone
 Mount Simon Sandstone
 Nopah Formation
 Orr Formation
 Pilgrim Formation
 Potsdam Sandstone
 Reagan Sandstone
 Timbered Hills Group
 Trempealeauan
 Wilberns Formation
 Wonewoc Formation
RTMiddle Cambrian
 Lower Cambrian
 Pacoota Sandstone
 Arbuckle Group
 Rose Run Sandstone
 Knox Group
 Davis Formation
 Deadwood Formation
 Little Falls Formation
 Road River Formation
upper Campanian  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Phanerozoic
 ..Mesozoic
 ...Cretaceous
 ....Upper Cretaceous
 .....Campanian
 ......upper Campanian
SNAdded to Thesaurus in 1985.
Upper Carboniferous  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Phanerozoic
 ..Paleozoic
 ...Carboniferous
 ....Upper Carboniferous
NTBashkirian
 Coal Measures
 Gzhelian
 Karharbari Stage
 Kasimovian
 Millstone Grit
 Moscovian
 Namurian
 Stephanian
 Talchir Series
 Uralian
 Westphalian
RTPennsylvanian
 Dinantian
 San Gregorio Formation
 Itarare Subgroup
 lower Gondwana System
 Middle Carboniferous
 Gondwana System
 Talchir Formation
upper Cenomanian  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Phanerozoic
 ..Mesozoic
 ...Cretaceous
 ....Upper Cretaceous
 .....Cenomanian
 ......upper Cenomanian
SNAbove Albian; below Turonian. Added to Thesaurus in 1989.
upper Cenozoic  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Phanerozoic
 ..Cenozoic
 ...upper Cenozoic
NTChesapeake Group
 Matuyama Chron
RTQuaternary
Upper Cretaceous  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Phanerozoic
 ..Mesozoic
 ...Cretaceous
 ....Upper Cretaceous
NTCenomanian
 Turonian
 Coniacian
 Santonian
 Campanian
 Maastrichtian
 Almond Formation
 Ariyalur Stage
 Bagh Beds
 Bearpaw Formation
 Belle Fourche Shale
 Belly River Formation
 Black Creek Formation
 Blackhawk Formation
 Blair Formation
 Bluffport Marl Member
 Blufftown Formation
 Bridge Creek Limestone Member
 Buda Limestone
 Cardium Formation
 Carlile Shale
 Castlegate Sandstone
 Codell Sandstone Member
 Cody Shale
 Coker Formation
 Colville Group
 Crevasse Canyon Formation
 Cupido Formation
 Demopolis Chalk
 Djadokhta Formation
 Duwi Formation
 Eagle Sandstone
 Edmonton Formation
 Elkhorn Mountains Volcanics
 Eutaw Formation
 Ferron Sandstone Member
 Forbes Formation
 Fort Hays Limestone Member
 Fox Hills Formation
 Frontier Formation
 Fruitland Formation
 Gallup Sandstone
 Gammon Ferruginous Member
 Ghareb Formation
 Greenhorn Limestone
 Gulfian
 Harebell Formation
 Hell Creek Formation
 Hilliard Shale
 Holz Shale
 Hornbrook Formation
 Horseshoe Canyon Formation
 Judith River Formation
 K-T boundary
 Kanguk Formation
 Kirtland Shale
 Kodiak Formation
 La Luna Formation
 La Ventana Sandstone
 Ladd Formation
 Lance Formation
 Laramie Formation
 Lewis Shale
 Lopez de Bertodano Formation
 Magothy Formation
 Marca Shale Member
 Marshalltown Formation
 Menefee Formation
 Menuha Formation
 Mesaverde Group
 Middendorf Formation
 Milk River Formation
 Monmouth Group
 Montana Group
 Mooreville Chalk
 Moreno Formation
 Navesink Formation
 Niobrara Formation
 Ojo Alamo Sandstone
 Oldman Formation
 Parkman Sandstone
 Peedee Formation
 Pictured Cliffs Sandstone
 Pierre Shale
 Point Loma Formation
 Point Lookout Sandstone
 Price River Formation
 Raritan Formation
 Ripley Formation
 Rock Springs Formation
 Rosario Formation
 Saratoga Chalk
 Selma Group
 Senonian
 Shannon Sandstone Member
 Sharon Springs Member
 Smoky Hill Chalk Member
 Star Point Sandstone
 Straight Cliffs Formation
 Sussex Sandstone Member
 Teapot Sandstone Member
 Tununk Member
 Tuscaloosa Formation
 Two Medicine Formation
 Wall Creek Member
 Williams Fork Formation
 Williams Formation
 Woodbury Clay
RTLower Cretaceous
 Comanchean
 Bauru Formation
 Beaverhead Formation
 Middle Cretaceous
 Fort Union Formation
 Difunta Group
 Laramide Orogeny
 Great Valley Sequence
 Dakhla Shale
 Deccan Traps
 Intertrappean Beds
 Denver Formation
 Maravillas Formation
 Mount Scopus Gr
upper crust  search
BTcrust
 .upper crust
RTlower crust
 middle crust
 crustal thickening
upper Devensian  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Phanerozoic
 ..Cenozoic
 ...Quarternary
 ....Pleistocene
 .....Upper Pleistocene
 ......Devensian
 .......upper Devensian
Upper Devonian  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Phanerozoic
 ..Paleozoic
 ...Devonian
 ....Upper Devonian
NTFrasnian
 Famennian
 Birdbear Formation
 Brallier Shale
 Chemung Formation
 Cleveland Member
 Duperow Formation
 Greenland Gap Group
 Grosmont Formation
 Hampshire Formation
 Huron Member
 Jefferson Group
 Kanayut Conglomerate
 Lime Creek Formation
 New Albany Shale
 Nisku Formation
 Ohio Shale
 Olentangy Shale
 Palliser Formation
 Perry Formation
 Sonyea Group
 Strunian
 West Falls Formation
RTLower Devonian
 Middle Devonian
 Acadian Phase
 Chattanooga Shale
 Beaverhill Lake Group
 Antrim Shale
 Martin Formation
 Guandacol Formation
 Bakken Formation
 Ellesmerian Orogeny
 Endicott Group
 Exshaw Formation
 Fisset Brook Formation
 Pilot Shale
 Swan Hills Forma
upper Eocene  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Phanerozoic
 ..Cenozoic
 ...Paleogene
 ....Eocene
 .....upper Eocene
NTAuversian
 Barnwell Formation
 Bartonian
 Chadronian
 Cowlitz Formation
 Dry Branch Formation
 Jackson Group
 La Meseta Formation
 Lattorfian
 Ludian
 Mission Valley Formation
 Moodys Branch Formation
 Ocala Group
 Piney Point Formation
 Poway Conglomerate
 Priabonian
 Shubuta Member
 Tejon Formation
 Tepee Trail Formation
 Tongrian
 Twiggs Clay
 Uinta Formation
 Whitsett Formation
 Yazoo Clay
RTlower Eocene
 White River Group
 middle Eocene
 Barail Group
 Chadron Formation
 Cozy Dell Formation
 Narizian
 Sespe Formation
 Twin River Formation
Upper Franconia Germany  search
BTEurope
 .Central Europe
 ..Germany
 ...Bavaria Germany
 ....Upper Franconia Germany
RTFranconia
SNAdministration division in NE Bavaria. Part of old historical region of Franconia.
upper Gondwana  search
USEupper Gondwana System
upper Gondwana System  search
BTGondwana System
 .upper Gondwana System
UFupper Gondwana
RTMesozoic
 Triassic
 Jurassic
 Cretaceous
 Lower Cretaceous
 Gondwana
 Athgarh Sandstone
 lower Gondwana System
SNPeninsular India. Added to Thesaurus in 1985.
upper Holocene  search
BTlocene
 .upper Holocene
Upper Jurassic  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Phanerozoic
 ..Mesozoic
 ...Jurassic
 ....Upper Jurassic
NTOxfordian
 Kimmeridgian
 Tithonian
 Arab Formation
 Argovian
 Bossier Formation
 Bowser Lake Group
 Brushy Basin Shale Member
 Buckner Formation
 Cotton Valley Group
 Entrada Sandstone
 Galice Formation
 Hanifa Formation
 Haynesville Formation
 Jabalpur Series
 Josephine Ophiolite
 Josephine Peridotite
 Kimmeridge Clay
 Lusitanian
 Malm
 Morrison Formation
 Naknek Formation
 Portlandian
 Raghavapuram Shales
 Rauracian
 Salt Wash Sandstone Member
 Schuler Formation
 Sequanian
 Smackover Formation
 Stump Formation
 Sundance Formation
 Swift Formation
 Volgian
 Westwater Canyon Sandstone Member
 Zuloaga Limestone
RTLower Jurassic
 Middle Jurassic
 Kirkwood Formation
 Toro Formation
 Coast Range Ophiolite
 Nicoya Complex
 Davis Formation
upper Liassic  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Phanerozoic
 ..Mesozoic
 ...Jurassic
 ....Lower Jurassic
 .....upper Liassic
NTToarcian
SNAdded to Thesaurus in 1981.
Upper Lusatia  search
BTEurope
 .Central Europe
 ..Germany
 ...Saxony Germany
 ....Upper Lusatia
RTDoberlug Germany
 Lusatia
 Weissenberg Germany
SNThat part of Lusatia in E Germany.
upper Maestrichtian  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Phanerozoic
 ..Mesozoic
 ...Cretaceous
 ....Upper Cretaceous
 .....Senonian
 ......Maestrichtian
 .......upper Maestrichtian
SNAdded to Thesaurus in 1985.
upper mantle  search
BTmantle
 .upper mantle
UFouter mantle
RT410-km discontinuity
 670-km discontinuity
 asthenosphere
 lower crust
 pyrolite
 Sn-waves
 lateral heterogeneity
 lower mantle
upper Mesozoic  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Phanerozoic
 ..Mesozoic
 ...upper Mesozoic
RTmiddle Mesozoic
upper Miocene  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Phanerozoic
 ..Cenozoic
 ...Neogene
 ....Miocene
 .....upper Miocene
NTCastaic Formation
 Chinji Formation
 Duplin Formation
 Eastover Formation
 Meotian
 Messinian
 Modelo Formation
 Montesano Formation
 Pannonian
 Pontian
 Puente Formation
 Punchbowl Formation
 Santa Margarita Formation
 Sarmatian
 Tortonian
 Turolian
RTlower Miocene
 middle Miocene
 Capistrano Formation
 Clarendonian
 Yakima Basalt
 Cuddalore Series
 Neyveli Lignite
 Hemphillian
 Warkalli Formation
 Wildcat Group
 Ridge Route Formation
 Mohnian
 Pinecrest Beds
 Sisquoc Formation
 Stevens Sandstone
Upper Mississippi Valley  search
BTUnited States
 .Mississippi Valley
 ..Upper Mississippi Valley
RTIowa
 Missouri
 Illinois
 Wisconsin
 Minnesota
SNThat part of the Mississippi Valley N of Cairo, Illinois. Indexed with states as applicable.
Upper Mississippian  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Phanerozoic
 ..Paleozoic
 ...Carboniferous
 ....Mississippian
 .....Upper Mississippian
NTBangor Limestone
 Chesterian
 Fayetteville Formation
 Greenbrier Limestone
 Hartselle Sandstone
 Heath Formation
 Mauch Chunk Formation
 Meramecian
 Monteagle Limestone
 Parkwood Formation
 Pennington Formation
 Pitkin Limestone
 Pride Mountain Formation
 Serpukhovian
 Tuscumbia Limestone
RTLower Mississippian
 Bird Spring Formation
 Ely Limestone
 Wahoo Limestone
 Rundle Group
 Valmeyeran
 Manning Canyon Shale
upper Neogene  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Phanerozoic
 ..Cenozoic
 ...Neogene
 ....upper Neogene
RTPliocene
SNAdded to Thesaurus in 1989.
Upper Old  search
Upper Old Red Sandstone  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Phanerozoic
 ..Paleozoic
 ...Devonian
 ....Upper Old Red Sandstone
RTUnited Kingdom
 Great Britain
SNRepresented by Nairn, Boghole, Alves-Scaat Craig, Rosebrae, Plateau, and Portishead beds; by Quartz Conglomerate; and by Farlow Sandstone. In Great Britain.
upper Oligocene  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Phanerozoic
 ..Cenozoic
 ...Paleogene
 ....Oligocene
 .....upper Oligocene
NTChattian
 Chickasawhay Formation
 Egerian
 Suwannee Limestone
RTAnahuac Formation
 Arikaree Group
 Arikareean
 lower Oligocene
 middle Oligocene
 John Day Formation
 Pirabas Formation
Upper Ordovician  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Phanerozoic
 ..Paleozoic
 ...Ordovician
 ....Upper Ordovician
NTHirnantian
 Katian
 Sandbian
 Ashgillian
 Bighorn Dolomite
 Caradocian
 Cincinnatian
 Cortlandt Complex
 Edenian
 Fairview Formation
 Fernvale Formation
 Fish Haven Dolomite
 Juniata Formation
 Kope Formation
 Maquoketa Formation
 Neda Formation
 Queenston Shale
 Red River Formation
 Reedsville Formation
 Richmond Group
 Utica Shale
 Wufeng Formation
RTLower Ordovician
 Middle Ordovician
 Ellis Bay Formation
 Bala
 Tippecanoe Sequence
 Matapedia Group
 Maravillas Formation
Upper Palatinate  search
BTEurope
 .Central Europe
 ..Germany
 ...Bavaria Germany
 ....Upper Palatinate
NTWindischeschenbach Germany
UFOberpfalz
RTPalatinate
SNThat part of the historical region of the Palatinate located in E Bavaria, SE Germany.
upper Paleocene  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Phanerozoic
 ..Cenozoic
 ...Paleogene
 ....Paleocene
 .....upper Paleocene
NTLandenian
 Thanetian
 Tiffanian
RTlower Paleocene
 Ewekoro Formation
upper Paleogene  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Phanerozoic
 ..Cenozoic
 ...Paleogene
 ....upper Paleogene
RTEocene
 Oligocene
SNAdded to Thesaurus in 1985.
upper Paleolithic  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Phanerozoic
 ..Cenozoic
 ...Stone Age
 ....Paleolithic
 .....upper Paleolithic
RTPleistocene
 archaeology
 Quaternary
SNArchaeological classification. Added to Thesaurus in 1985.
upper Paleozoic  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Phanerozoic
 ..Paleozoic
 ...upper Paleozoic
NTAntrim Shale
 Arkansas Novaculite
 Bakken Formation
 Calaveras Formation
 Dwyka Formation
 Fountain Formation
 Garhwal Group
 Guandacol Formation
 Kaskaskia Sequence
 Narragansett Pier Granite
 Sicker Group
 Tubarao Group
 Tunguska Series
 Wild Cow Formation
 Wood River Formation
RTMonashee Complex
 Rio Bonito Formation
Upper Peninsula, Michigan  search
USEMichigan Upper Peninsula
Upper Pennsylvanian  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Phanerozoic
 ..Paleozoic
 ...Carboniferous
 ....Pennsylvanian
 .....Upper Pennsylvanian
NTAmes Limestone
 Canyon Group
 Cisco Group
 Holder Formation
 Missourian
 Pine Shadow Member
 Sturgis Formation
 Virgilian
 Wescogame Formation
RTMiddle Pennsylvanian
 Lower Pennsylvanian
 Laborcita Formation
 Wahoo Limestone
 Wild Cow Formation
Upper Permian  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Phanerozoic
 ..Paleozoic
 ...Permian
 ....Upper Permian
NTBarabash Suite
 Cadeby Formation
 Kazanian
 Permian-Triassic boundary
 Raniganj Formation
 Salado Formation
 Tatarian
 Usuginu Conglomerate
 Vetluga Series
 Zechstein
RTGuadalupian
 Lower Permian
 Middle Permian
Upper Pleistocene  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Phanerozoic
 ..Cenozoic
 ...Quarternary
 ....Pleistocene
 .....Upper Pleistocene
NTBaltic ice lake
 Cromerian
 Devensian
 Eemian
 Holsteinian
 Hoxnian
 Illinoian
 Ipswichian
 Lake Iroquois
 Old Crow Tephra
 Rancholabrean
 Saalian
 Sangamonian
 Sartanian
 Sicilian
 Twocreekan
 Tyrrhenian
 Vistulian
 Weichselian
 Wisconsinan
 Wurm
RTLower Pleistocene
 Baltic Glaciation
 Clovis
 last glacial maximum
 Glasford Formation
 Lake Bonneville
 Scarborough Formation
upper Pliocene  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Phanerozoic
 ..Cenozoic
 ...Neogene
 ....Pliocene
 .....upper Pliocene
NTAkchagylian
 Astian
 Chowan River Formation
 Levantinian
 Redonian
 Rexroad Formation
 Romanian
RTMartin Formation
 middle Pliocene
 lower Pliocene
 Matuyama Chron
 Uonuma Group
upper Precambrian  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Precambrian
 ..upper Precambrian
NTProterozoic
RTYudomian
 Famatina System
 Porsanger Dolomite Formation
 Puncoviscana Formation
 Sparagmite Group
upper Proterozoic  search
USENeoproterozoic
upper Quaternary  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Phanerozoic
 ..Cenozoic
 ...Quaternary
 ....upper Quaternary
NTBaltic Glaciation
 Brunhes Chron
 Bull Lake Glaciation
 Pinedale Glaciation
 Yoldia Sea
Upper Rhine  search
USEUpper Rhine Valley
Upper Rhine Graben  search
BTEurope
 .Central Europe
 ..Rhine Graben
 ...Upper Rhine Graben
Upper Rhine Valley  search
BTEurope
 .Central Europe
 ..Germany
 ...Upper Rhine Valley
UFUpper Rhine
RTBaden-Wurttemberg Germany
 Rhineland-Palatinate Germany
 Hesse Germany
 Rhine Valley
SNAs of 1981, restricted to that part of the Rhine Valley between Basel and Mainz in W Germany. Before 1981, included part of France. Indexed with states as applicable.
upper Riphean  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Precambrian
 ..Proterozoic
 ...Neoproterozoic
 ....Riphean
 .....upper Riphean
SNAdded to Thesaurus in 1985.
Upper Silesia  search
BTEurope
 .Central Europe
 ..Poland
 ...Upper Silesia
UFUpper Silesian area
RTSilesia
 Lower Silesia
 Silesian coal basin
 Upper Silesian coal basin
SNThe eastern part of former German Silesia plus Polish Silesia lying SE of Lower Silesia centering on Katowice and Cracow.
Upper Silesia coal basin  search
USEUpper Silesian coal basin
Upper Silesian area  search
USEUpper Silesia
Upper Silesian Basin  search
USEUpper Silesian coal basin
Upper Silesian coal basin  search
BTEurope
 .Central Europe
 ..Poland
 ...Katowice Poland
 ....Upper Silesian coal basin
UFUpper Silesia coal basin
 Upper Silesian Basin
 Upper Silesian coal field
RTcoal fields
 Silesian coal basin
 Upper Silesia
SNN foot of the W Beskid Mountains in Upper Silesia.
Upper Silesian coal field  search
USEUpper Silesian coal basin
Upper Silurian  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Phanerozoic
 ..Paleozoic
 ...Silurian
 ....Upper Silurian
NTBloomsburg Formation
 Cayugan
 Ludlovian
 Pridolian
 Salina Group
 Wristen Formation
RTLower Silurian
 Keyser Limestone
 Middle Silurian
 Downtonian
 Rondout Formation
 Tura Formation
 Wenlock Limestone
SNWenlockian was considered a narrower term before 1993.
upper Sinian  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Precambrian
 ..Proterozoic
 ...Sinian
 ....upper Sinian
SNChina. Added to Thesaurus in 1989.
upper Tertiary  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Phanerozoic
 ..Cenozoic
 ...Tertiary
 ....upper Tertiary
NTPoznan Clays
RTNeogene
 Akchagylian
 lower Tertiary
 Gauss Chron
 Gilbert Chron
 Matuyama Chron
 middle Tertiary
upper Tournaisian  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Phanerozoic
 ..Paleozoic
 ...Carboniferous
 ....Mississippian
 .....Tournaisian
 ......upper Tournaisian
SNAdded to Thesaurus in 1985.
Upper Triassic  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Phanerozoic
 ..Mesozoic
 ...Triassic
 ....Upper Triassic
NTCarnian
 Norian
 Rhaetian
 Chinle Formation
 Crow Mountain Sandstone
 Dockum Group
 Karmutsen Group
 Kayenta Formation
 Keuper
 Lockatong Formation
 Luning Formation
 Mercia Mudstone
 Petrified Forest Member
 Protopivskaya Formation
 Redonda Formation
 Sag River Sandstone
 Santa Rosa Sandstone
 Shinarump Member
 Stormberg Series
 Stuhini Group
 Torlesse Supergroup
 Wingate Sandstone
RTLower Triassic
 Middle Triassic
 Hallstatt Limestone
 Cimmerian Orogeny
 Brunswick Formation
 Passaic Formation
 Eagle Mills Formation
 Elliot Formation
 Moenave Formation
 Navajo Sandstone
 Pucara Group
 Kunga Group
 Stockton Formation
Upper Tunguska  search
USEAngara River
upper Visean  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Phanerozoic
 ..Paleozoic
 ...Carboniferous
 ....Mississippian
 .....Visean
 ......upper Visean
SNAdded to Thesaurus in 1985.
Upper Volta  search
USEBurkina Faso
upper Weichselian  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Phanerozoic
 ..Cenozoic
 ...Quarternary
 ....Pleistocene
 .....Upper Pleistocene
 ......Weichselian
 .......upper Weichselian
NTAllerod
 Older Dryas
 Younger Dryas
SNW Europe. Added to Thesaurus in 1989.
upper Wisconsinan  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Phanerozoic
 ..Cenozoic
 ...Quarternary
 ....Pleistocene
 .....Upper Pleistocene
 ......Wisconsinan
 .......upper Wisconsinan
SNAdded to Thesaurus in 1985.
Upper Zaire Congo Democratic Republic  search
BTAfrica
 .Central Africa
 ..Congo Democratic Republic
 ...Upper Zaire Congo Democratic Republic
NTKilo Congo Democratic Republic
UFHaut-Zaire Congo Democratic Republic
RTLake Albert
SNThe province of Haut-Zaire in NW Congo Democratic Republic. Before 1998, Upper Zaire was also used.
Uppsala Sweden  search
BTEurope
 .Western Europe
 ..Scandinavia
 ...Sweden
 ....Uppsala Sweden
SNCounty and city in E Sweden.
upright folds  search
BTfolds
 .upright folds
RTanticlines
 anticlinoria
 antiform folds
 vertical orientation
SNAdded to Thesaurus in 1993.
Upshur County Texas  search
BTUnited States
 .Texas
 ..Upshur County Texas
SNNE Texas.
Upshur County West Virginia  search
BTUnited States
 .West Virginia
 ..Upshur County West Virginia
SNCentral West Virginia.
Upson County Georgia  search
BTUnited States
 .Georgia
 ..Upson County Georgia
Upton County Texas  search
BTUnited States
 .Texas
 ..Upton County Texas
SNW Texas.
upwelling  search
RTcontaminant plumes
 currents
 downwelling
 mantle plumes
 ocean circulation
 ocean currents
 oceanography
 plumes
 sea water
 subsidence
Urach Germany  search
BTEurope
 .Central Europe
 ..Germany
 ...Baden-Wurttemberg Germany
 ....Urach Germany
SNCentral Baden-Wurttemberg, in the Swabian Alb. SE of Stuttgart. Also search Urach region.
Urach region  search
SNNo longer a valid term for GeoRef. See Urach Germany.
Ural Mountains  search
USEUrals
Ural Range  search
USEUrals
Ural region  search
BTCommonwealth of Independent States
 .Russian Federation
 ..Ural region
UFUrals Region
RTBashkortostan Russian Federation
 Chelyabinsk Russian Federation
 Orenburg Russian Federation
 Sverdlovsk Russian Federation
 Perm Russian Federation
 Kurgan Russian Federation
 Udmurtia Russian Federation
SNA mining and industrial region on both sides of the Central Urals comprising the Chelyabinsk, Sverdlovsk, Kurgan, Orenburg, and Perm oblasts; and Bashkortostan and Udmurtia.
Ural River  search
BTCommonwealth of Independent States
 .Ural River
RTRussian Federation
 Kazakhstan
SNRises at S end of Urals and flows into the Caspian Sea. Indexed with former Soviet republics as applicable.
Ural-Tau  search
BTCommonwealth of Independent States
 .Russian Federation
 ..Ural-Tau
BTCommonwealth of Independent States
 .Urals
 ..Southern Urals
 ...Ural-Tau
SNLow, water-divide mountain range in E Southern Urals. This term has multiple hierarchies.
Ural-Volga Interfluve  search
USEVolga-Ural region
Ural-Volga region  search
USEVolga-Ural region
Uralian  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Phanerozoic
 ..Paleozoic
 ...Carboniferous
 ....Upper Carboniferous
 .....Uralian
SNRussia. Above Gzhelian, below Sakmarian of Permian.
Uralian Foreland  search
BTCommonwealth of Independent States
 .Russian Federation
 ..Uralian Foreland
BTCommonwealth of Independent States
 .Urals
 ..Uralian Foreland
SNThe western slope and foothills of the Urals. This term has multiple hierarchies.
uralitization  search
BTmetasomatism
 .uralitization
RThydrothermal alteration
 metamorphism
Urals  search
BTCommonwealth of Independent States
 .Urals
NTCentral Urals
 Mugodzhar Hills
 Northern Urals
 Novaya Zemlya
 Polar Urals
 Southern Urals
 Uralian Foreland
UFUral Mountains
 Ural Range
RTRussian Federation
 Kazakhstan
 Eurasia
 Kama River
SNMountain range extending from the Kara Sea in the N to W Kazakhstan in the S separating Europe from Asia. Indexed with ranges as applicable.
Urals Region  search
USEUral region
uraninite  search
BToxides
 .uraninite
RTuranium ores
 pitchblende
uranium  search
BTmetals
 .actinides
 ..uranium
NTU-234
 U-234/Th-230
 U-235
 U-238
 U-238/Pb-204
 U-238/Pb-206
 U-238/Th-230
 U-238/Th-232
 U-238/U-234
 U-238/U-235
RTIo/U
 isotopes
 uranium ores
 lithophile elements
 HIMU
 U/He
 Th/U
 U/Pb
 U/Th/Pb
 uranium minerals
 radium
 uranium disequilibrium
SNChemical element. Use uranium ores for uranium as a commodity.
uranium disequilibrium  search
UFuranium-series method
RTabsolute age
 isotopes
 uranium
 U/Th/Pb
 thermal ionization mass spectroscopy
uranium minerals  search
RTminerals
 ore minerals
 uranium
 uranium ores
SNMay be used under commodities (list C).
uranium ores  search
BTmetal ores
 .uranium ores
RTAlligator Rivers Field
 Jabiluka Australia
 Ambrosia Lake mining district
 Midwest Lake Deposits
 autunite
 brannerite
 carnotite
 coffinite
 Colorado mineral belt
 Klerksdorp Field
 Grants mining district
 Key Lake Deposits
 Midnite Mine
 NURE
 Oklo
 Olympic Dam Deposi
SNCommodity. See List C.
uranium-lead  search
USEU/Pb
uranium-series method  search
USEuranium disequilibrium
uranium-thorium  search
USETh/U
uranophane  search
BTsilicates
 .orthosilicates
 ..nesosilicates
 ...uranophane
RTuranium ores
Uranus  search
RTAriel Satellite
 coronae
 Miranda Satellite
 Oberon Satellite
 outer planets
 planetary rings
 planetology
 planets
 satellites
 solar system
 Titania Satellite
 Umbriel Satellite
 Voyager 2
 Voyager Program
urban environment  search
RTecology
 environmental geology
 human ecology
 pollution
 sedimentation
 urbanization
SNAdded to Thesaurus in 1989.
urban planning  search
RTenvironmental geology
 land use
 planning
 regional planning
 urbanization
Urbana Illinois  search
BTUnited States
 .Illinois
 ..Champaign County Illinois
 ...Urbana Illinois
SNCity in E central Illinois.
Urbana Ohio  search
BTUnited States
 .Ohio
 ..Champaign County Ohio
 ...Urbana Ohio
SNCity in W central Ohio.
urbanization  search
RTconservation
 environmental geology
 land use
 rural environment
 urban environment
 urban planning
ureilite  search
BTmeteorites
 .stony meteorites
 ..achondrites
 ...ureilite
NTHaveroe Meteorite
SNAdded to Thesaurus in 1981.
Urengoi Field  search
USEUrengoy Field
Urengoy Field  search
BTCommonwealth of Independent States
 .Russian Federation
 ..Tyumen Russian Federation
 ...Yamal-Nenets Russian Federation
 ....Urengoy Field
UFUrengoi Field
RToil and gas fields
 Siberian Lowland
SNWest of Pur River, central Siberian Lowland. Also search Urengoy. This term has multiple hierarchies. Added to Thesaurus in 1998.
Urga Mongolia  search
USEUlan Bator Mongolia
Urgonian  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Phanerozoic
 ..Mesozoic
 ...Cretaceous
 ....Lower Cretaceous
 .....Urgonian
SNEurope.
Uri Switzerland  search
BTEurope
 .Central Europe
 ..Switzerland
 ...Uri Switzerland
RTBernese Alps
 Oberalp Pass
SNCanton in central Switzerland.
Urodela  search
BTChordata
 .Vertebrata
 ..Tetrapoda
 ...Amphibia
 ....Lissamphibia
 .....Caudata
 ......Urodela
SNOrder.
Ursidae  search
BTChordata
 .Vertebrata
 ..Tetrapoda
 ...Mammalia
 ....Theria
 .....Eutheria
 ......Carnivora
 .......Fissipeda
 ........Ursidae
NTUrsus
SNFamily.
Ursus  search
BTChordata
 .Vertebrata
 ..Tetrapoda
 ...Mammalia
 ....Theria
 .....Eutheria
 ......Carnivora
 .......Fissipeda
 ........Ursidae
 .........Ursus
NTUrsus spelaeus
SNGenus.
Ursus spelaeus  search
BTChordata
 .Vertebrata
 ..Tetrapoda
 ...Mammalia
 ....Theria
 .....Eutheria
 ......Carnivora
 .......Fissipeda
 ........Ursidae
 .........Ursus
 ..........Ursus spelaeus
SNSpecies.
urtite  search
BTigneous rocks
 .plutonic rocks
 ..gabbros
 ...alkali gabbros
 ....urtite
RTijolite
 melteigite
Uruguay  search
BTSouth America
 .Uruguay
NTMontevideo Uruguay
 Rio Negro Uruguay
RTSan Gregorio Formation
 Tubarao Group
 Rio de la Plata
Urup  search
UFUrup Island
RTRussian Federation
 volcanoes
 Kuril Islands
SNVolcanic island in S central Kuril Islands NE of Japan. Before 1993, also used for copper mining district in N Caucasus. After 1993, see Urup mining district if applicable. Indexed with Kuril Islands as applicable.
Urup Island  search
USEUrup
Urup mining district  search
BTCommonwealth of Independent States
 .Russian Federation
 ..Northern Caucasus
 ...Urup mining district
RTcopper ores
 Greater Caucasus
SNCopper mining district in N Caucasus. This term has multiple hierarchies. Added to Thesaurus in 1993.
Usa Series  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Phanerozoic
 ..Paleozoic
 ...Cambrian
 ....Lower Cambrian
 .....Usa Series
RTRussian Federation
SNIncludes marble plus dolomites interspersed with beds of siliceous schist. In the Kuznetsk Alatau mountain region of Kemerovo Oblast and Khakass Autonomous Oblast E of Novosibirsk.
USBM  search
USEU. S. Bureau of Mines
USDA  search
USEU. S. Department of Agriculture
uses  search
SNA valid term through 1976. Use applications or utilization (for natural resources or economic studies.
USGS  search
RTU. S. Geological Survey
SNUse for documents published by the U. S. Geological Survey. For discussions about the Survey and its activities, use U. S. Geological Survey. Added to Thesaurus in 1985.
USLE  search
USEUniversal Soil Loss Equation
Uspenski Kazakhstan  search
USEUspenskiy Kazakhstan
Uspenskiy Kazakhstan  search
BTCommonwealth of Independent States
 .Kazakhstan
 ..Karaganda Kazakhstan
 ...Uspenskiy Kazakhstan
UFUspenski Kazakhstan
SNTown in Karaganda Oblast in E central Kazakhstan. This term has multiple hierarchies.
USSR  search
SNNo longer a valid term for GeoRef. As of 1993, see Commonwealth of Independent States or individual former constituent republics now represented by Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Estonia, Georgian Republic, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldov
USSR Academy of Sciences  search
BTgovernment agencies
 .USSR Academy of Sciences
RTRussian Federation
 Commonwealth of Independent States
SNIn Moscow.
UST  search
SNNot a valid term for GeoRef. Use leaking underground storage tanks if applicable. Or see underground storage tanks if applicable.
Ust-Kut Russian Federation  search
BTCommonwealth of Independent States
 .Russian Federation
 ..Irkutsk Russian Federation
 ...Ust-Kut Russian Federation
SNTown in N central Irkutsk Oblast NW of Lake Baikal. Before 1993, Ust-Kut Russian Republic was also used. This term has multiple hierarchies.
Ust-Urt  search
USEUstyurt
Ust-Urt Plateau  search
USEUstyurt
Ust-Yenisei Basin  search
BTCommonwealth of Independent States
 .Russian Federation
 ..Krasnoyarsk Russian Federation
 ...Taymyr Dolgan-Nenets Russian Federation
 ....Ust-Yenisei Basin
SNThat part of the lower Yenisei Basin from Ust-Port to Yenisei Bay which constitutes a drowned river mouth or estuary. Located in NW Taymyr-Nenets National Okrug. This term has multiple hierarchies.
Ustica Island  search
BTEurope
 .Southern Europe
 ..Italy
 ...Sicily Italy
 ....Ustica Island
SNSmall island in the Tyrrhenian Sea NW of Sicily. Also search Ustica.
Ustron Belarus  search
BTEurope
 .Belarus
 ..Ustron Belarus
SNVillage in central Belarus. This term has multiple hierarchies.
Ustyurt  search
BTCommonwealth of Independent States
 .Ustyurt
BTAsia
 .Central Asia
 ..Ustyurt
UFUst-Urt
 Ust-Urt Plateau
RTKazakhstan
 Uzbekistan
 Turkmenia
 Barsakelmes
SNDesert plateau extending from the Caspian Sea to the Aral Sea. This term has multiple hierarchies. Indexed with former Soviet republics as applicable.
Usu  search
BTkkaido
 .Usu
UFUsu Volcano
RTvolcanoes
SNOn NE Uchiura Bay in SW Hokkaido.
Usu Volcano  search
USEUsu
Usuginu Conglomerate  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Phanerozoic
 ..Paleozoic
 ...Permian
 ....Upper Permian
 .....Usuginu Conglomerate
RTHonshu
 Japan
SNIncludes large boulders of limestone, compact slate, sandstone, granite, and porphyrite. In N Honshu.
Usuki Japan  search
BTAsia
 .Far East
 ..Japan
 ...Kyushu
 ....Usuki Japan
SNTown on Bungo Strait in NE Kyushu, S Japan.
ut-Rhin France  search
NTMulhouse Basin
 Sainte-Marie-aux-Mines France
Utah  search
BTUnited States
 .Utah
NTArches National Park
 Beaver County Utah
 Box Elder County Utah
 Cache County Utah
 Canyonlands National Park
 Carbon County Utah
 Daggett County Utah
 Davis County Utah
 Drum Mountains
 Duchesne County Utah
 Emery County Utah
 Garfield County Utah
 Gibson Dome
 Grand County Utah
 Great Salt Lake
 Henry Mountains
 Iron County Utah
 Juab County Utah
 Kaiparowits Plateau
 Kane County Utah
 Millard County Utah
 Morgan County Utah
 Oquirrh Mountains
 Piute County Utah
 Rich County Utah
 Salt Lake County Utah
 San Juan County Utah
 San Rafael Swell
 Sanpete County Utah
 Sevier County Utah
 Sevier Desert
 Summit County Utah
 Thomas Range
 Tintic mining district
 Tooele County Utah
 Tushar Mountains
 Uintah County Utah
 Utah County Utah
 Wah Wah Mountains
 Wasatch County Utah
 Wasatch Plateau
 Washington County Utah
 Wayne County Utah
 Weber County Utah
RTAbsaroka Fault
 Arapien Shale
 Basin and Range Province
 Bald Mountain
 Be
Utah County Utah  search
BTUnited States
 .Utah
 ..Utah County Utah
NTFairfield Utah
 Payson Utah
 Provo Utah
RTJordan River
 Jordan Valley
SNN central Utah.
utahite  search
USEjarosite
Ute Creek  search
RTCanadian River
 New Mexico
SNFlows into the Canadian River in NE New Mexico. Also in other locations. Indexed with county or region as applicable.
ute-Garonne France  search
NTToulouse France
ute-Loire France  search
NTLac du Bouchet
 Velay
ute-Savoie France  search
NTAnnecy France
 Argentiere Glacier
 Rumilly France
ute-Vienne France  search
NTRochechouart France
 Saint-Sylvestre Massif
utes-Alpes France  search
NTBriancon France
utes-Pyrenees France  search
NTGavarnie France
 Lourdes France
Utica Shale  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Phanerozoic
 ..Paleozoic
 ...Ordovician
 ....Upper Ordovician
 .....Utica Shale
RTOntario
 New York
 Michigan
SNConsists of Nowadaga, Loyal Creek, Hopkinson, Holland, and Patent members.
utilization  search
RTconsumption
 depletion
 economic geology
 land loss
 land use
 natural resources
 supply
 water use
SNAs of 1982, restricted to economic geology. As of 1995, may be used for natural resources except for land use. May be used with commodity terms (list C) or natural resources.
Utopia Planitia  search
BTMars
 .Utopia Planitia
SNLow plain. Named for classical albedo feature.
Utrecht Netherlands  search
BTEurope
 .Western Europe
 ..Netherlands
 ...Utrecht Netherlands
SNProvince. Also a city S of Amsterdam.
Uttar Pradesh India  search
BTAsia
 .Indian Peninsula
 ..India
 ...Uttar Pradesh India
NTAlmora India
 Dehra Dun India
 Garhwal Himalayas
 Garhwal India
 Jhansi India
 Meerut India
 Mirzapur India
 Mussoorie India
 Mussoorie Syncline
 Naini Tal India
 Ramnagar India
 Roorkee India
 Tehri Garhwal India
RTSemri Series
 Bundelkhand
 Krol Formation
 Uttarkashi earthquake 1991
 Jumna River
 Kumaun Himalayas
 Subathu Formation
 Muth Quartzite
 Kaimur Sandstone
 Satpura Range
 Tal Formation
SNState in N central India.
Uttarkashi earthquake 1991  search
BTearthquakes
 .Uttarkashi earthquake 1991
RTIndia
 Uttar Pradesh India
 Garhwal Himalayas
SNEpicenter in Garhwal Himalayas, Uttar Pradesh India.
UV radiation  search
USEultraviolet radiation
UV spectra  search
USEultraviolet spectra
Uvalde County Texas  search
BTUnited States
 .Texas
 ..Uvalde County Texas
RTEdwards Aquifer
SNSW Texas.
Uvalde Gravel  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Phanerozoic
 ..Cenozoic
 ...Neogene
 ....Pliocene
 .....Uvalde Gravel
RTTexas
SNConsists almost wholly of rounded flat cobbles, boulders, and occasional limestone pebbles. In Texas.
uvarovite  search
BTsilicates
 .orthosilicates
 ..nesosilicates
 ...garnet group
 ....uvarovite
UFonvarovite
Uvigerina  search
BTInvertebrata
 .Protista
 ..Foraminifera
 ...Rotaliina
 ....Buliminacea
 .....Uvigerinidae
 ......Uvigerina
NTUvigerina peregrina
RTmicrofossils
SNGenus. Indexed with microfossils if applicable.
Uvigerina peregrina  search
BTInvertebrata
 .Protista
 ..Foraminifera
 ...Rotaliina
 ....Buliminacea
 .....Uvigerinidae
 ......Uvigerina
 .......Uvigerina peregrina
RTmicrofossils
SNSpecies. Indexed with microfossils if applicable.
Uvigerinidae  search
BTInvertebrata
 .Protista
 ..Foraminifera
 ...Rotaliina
 ....Buliminacea
 .....Uvigerinidae
NTUvigerina
RTmicrofossils
SNFamily. Indexed with microfossils if applicable.
Uzbekistan  search
BTAsia
 .Uzbekistan
BTCommonwealth of Independent States
 .Uzbekistan
NTAlmalyk Uzbekistan
 Bukantau
 Bukhara Uzbekistan
 Bukhara-Khiva
 Chadak Uzbekistan
 Karshi Steppe
 Karshi Uzbekistan
 Khiva Uzbekistan
 Kul'dzhuktau
 Mubarek Uzbekistan
 Nura-Tau
 Oktyabr Uzbekistan
 Samarkand Uzbekistan
 Sokh Uzbekistan
 Tamdytau
 Tashkent Uzbekistan
 Ziaetdin Uzbekistan
RTAmu Darya
 Amu Darya Basin
 Pamirs
 Surkhan Darya
 Aral region
 Central Asia
 Barsakelmes
 Chirchik River
 Dengizkul
 Fergana Basin
 Gazli earthquake 1976
 Gazli earthquake 1984
 Hissar Range
 Karamazar
 Kyzylkum
 Kurama Range
 Syr Darya
 Surkhan Darya basin
 Turan
 Turania
SNRepublic. Formerly the Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic. In Soviet Central Asia. This term has multiple hierarchies.
Uzen Field  search
BTCommonwealth of Independent States
 .Kazakhstan
 ..Uzen Field
RToil and gas fields
 giant fields
 Mangyshlak Peninsula
SNGiant oilfield in S Mangyshlak area, SE Kazakhstan. This term has multiple hierarchies.
Uzon  search
UFOzun
RTvolcanoes
 Kamchatka Russian Federation
 Kamchatka Peninsula
SNVolcano. SE Kamchatka Peninsula. Before 1993, may also have been used for towns. Indexed with regions as applicable.