Ch  search
Ch'ang-hsing China  search
USEChangxing China
Ch'ing Hai China  search
USEQinghai China
Ch'ing-hai China  search
USEQinghai China
Ch'ung-ch'ing China  search
USEChongqing China
chabazite  search
BTsilicates
 .framework silicates
 ..zeolite group
 ...chabazite
Chablais  search
BTEurope
 .Western Europe
 ..France
 ...Chablais
RTHaute-Savoie France
 Savoy Alps
SNLimestone massif of Savoy Alps and region in SE part of country.
Chaco  search
BTSouth America
 .Chaco
UFGran Chaco
RTArgentina
 Campo del Cielo Meteorite
 Paraguay
SNRegion. As of 1993, use Chaco Argentina for the province in N Argentina and Chaco Paraguay for the province in NW Paraguay. Indexed with countries and provinces as applicable.
Chaco Argentina  search
BTSouth America
 .Argentina
 ..Chaco Argentina
RTCampo del Cielo Meteorite
SNProvince, N Argentina.
Chaco Paraguay  search
BTSouth America
 .Paraguay
 ..Chaco Paraguay
SNRegion in Paraguay.
Chad  search
BTAfrica
 .West Africa
 ..Chad
NTKanem Chad
UFChad Republic
RTSahara
 Sahel
 Chad Basin
 Lake Chad
 Logone River
 Tibesti Massif
Chad Basin  search
BTAfrica
 .Chad Basin
RTCameroon
 Nigeria
 Niger
 Lake Chad
 Chad
SNIndexed with countries as applicable.
Chad Republic  search
USEChad
Chadak Uzbekistan  search
BTAsia
 .Uzbekistan
 ..Chadak Uzbekistan
SNVillage in E Uzbekistan. This term has multiple hierarchies.
Chadobets Uplift  search
BTCommonwealth of Independent States
 .Russian Federation
 ..Chadobets Uplift
BTAsia
 .Chadobets Uplift
RTKrasnoyarsk Russian Federation
SNSE Krasnoyarsk Kray in S Siberia. This term has multiple hierarchies.
Chadron Arch  search
BTUnited States
 .Chadron Arch
RTNebraska
 South Dakota
SNNW Nebraska and SW South Dakota. Indexed with states as applicable.
Chadron Formation  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Phanerozoic
 ..Cenozoic
 ...Paleogene
 ....Chadron Formation
RTWyoming
 Colorado
 Nebraska
 South Dakota
 White River Group
 upper Eocene
 lower Oligocene
 Chadronian
SNUpper Eocene to lower Oligocene. In White River Group. NE Colorado, W Nebraska, W South Dakota, and E Wyoming. Age was previously considered lower Oligocene. Indexed with upper Eocene and/or lower Oligocene as applicable.
Chadronian  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Phanerozoic
 ..Cenozoic
 ...Paleogene
 ....Eocene
 .....upper Eocene
 ......Chadronian
RTChadron Formation
SNNorth America. Upper Eocene. Age previously considered lower Oligocene.
Chaetetidae  search
BTInvertebrata
 .Coelenterata
 ..Anthozoa
 ...Zoantharia
 ....Tabulata
 .....Chaetetidae
SNFamily.
Chaetognatha  search
BTInvertebrata
 .Vermes
 ..Chaetognatha
Chaetopoda  search
BTInvertebrata
 .Vermes
 ..Annelida
 ...Chaetopoda
RTPolychaetia
Chaffee County Colorado  search
BTUnited States
 .Colorado
 ..Chaffee County Colorado
NTMount Antero
 Salida Colorado
SNCentral Colorado.
Chaidamu Basin  search
USEQaidam Basin
Chain Deep  search
BTIndian Ocean
 .Red Sea
 ..Chain Deep
Chain Lakes Massif  search
BTUnited States
 .Maine
 ..Chain Lakes Massif
RTAppalachians
SNW Maine. Indexed with state and counties as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1989.
chain silicates  search
BTsilicates
 .chain silicates
NTaenigmatite
 amphibole group
 babingtonite
 bustamite
 carpholite
 deerite
 ferrocarpholite
 ferrosilite
 howieite
 jade
 neptunite
 pectolite
 plancheite
 pyroxene group
 pyroxferroite
 pyroxmangite
 rhodonite
 rhonite
 scawtite
 shattuckite
 tobermorite
 wollastonite
 xonotlite
UFinosilicates
RTasbestos
Chaine des Puys  search
BTEurope
 .Western Europe
 ..France
 ...Puy-de-Dome France
 ....Chaine des Puys
SNDivision of Auvergne Mountains in S central part of country. Before 1981, also search Monts Dome. Added to Thesaurus in 1981.
Chainman Shale  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Phanerozoic
 ..Paleozoic
 ...Carboniferous
 ....Mississippian
 .....Chainman Shale
RTUtah
 California
 Nevada
 Great Basin
SNGreat Basin region of E California, Nevada and W Utah. Added to Thesaurus in 1989.
Chainpur Meteorite  search
BTmeteorites
 .stony meteorites
 ..chondrites
 ...LL chondrites
 ....Chainpur Meteorite
RTIndia
 Bihar India
SNImpact in W Bihar. Before 1981, also search Chainpur AND meteorites. Added to Thesaurus in 1981.
chalcanthite  search
BTsulfates
 .chalcanthite
chalcedony  search
BTsilicates
 .framework silicates
 ..silica minerals
 ...chalcedony
RTagate
 gems
 quartz
 carnelian
 chert
 chrysoprase
 jasper
 jasperoid
 onyx
Chalcidice  search
USEChalkidiki
chalcocite  search
BTsulfides
 .chalcocite
RTcopper ores
 copper minerals
 copper
 copper sulfides
 digenite
chalcogens  search
USEchalcophile elements
Chalcolithic  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Phanerozoic
 ..Cenozoic
 ...Chalcolithic
UFCopper Age
RTHolocene
 archaeology
 Quaternary
SNArcheological classification. Added to Thesaurus in 1985.
chalcophile elements  search
UFchalcogens
RTlithophile elements
 silver
 arsenic
 iron
 copper
 chemical elements
 cadmium
 lead
 polonium
 selenium
 siderophile elements
 sulfur
 tellurium
 zinc
SNChemical elements which tend to concentrate in sulfide minerals and ores. Also, elements concentrated in sulfide phases of meteorites. Added to Thesaurus in 1985.
chalcopyrite  search
BTsulfides
 .chalcopyrite
UFcopper pyrites
RTcopper ores
 copper minerals
 copper
chalcostibite  search
BTsulfosalts
 .sulfantimonites
 ..chalcostibite
Chaleur Bay  search
RTGulf of Saint Lawrence
 New Brunswick
 Quebec
 Restigouche Estuary
SNInlet of Gulf of Saint Lawrence between New Brunswick and the Gaspe Peninsula. Indexed with provinces or regions as applicable.
Chalfant Valley earthquake 1986  search
BTearthquakes
 .Chalfant Valley earthquake 1986
RTCalifornia
 Inyo County California
SNChalfant Valley, Inyo County, E California. Added to Thesaurus in 1989.
chalk  search
BTsedimentary rocks
 .carbonate rocks
 ..chalk
RTcalcite
 limestone
 chalk deposits
SNAs of 1981, no longer a valid term for GeoRef. Use Upper Cretaceous for the age.
chalk deposits  search
RTchalk
 limestone deposits
Chalk River  search
BTCanada
 .Eastern Canada
 ..Ontario
 ...Chalk River
SNTributary of Ottawa River, SE Ontario. For the town, see Chalk River Ontario. Added to Thesaurus in 1985.
Chalk River Ontario  search
BTCanada
 .Eastern Canada
 ..Ontario
 ...Renfrew County Ontario
 ....Chalk River Ontario
SNTown near Ottawa River in Renfrew County.
Chalkidiki  search
BTEurope
 .Southern Europe
 ..Greece
 ...Greek Macedonia
 ....Chalkidiki
UFChalcidice
 Khalkidhiki
RTSalonika Greece
SNPeninsula, S central Greek Macedonia. This term has multiple hierarchies.
Challenger Knoll  search
BTAtlantic Ocean
 .North Atlantic
 ..Gulf of Mexico
 ...Challenger Knoll
Challenger Plateau  search
BTPacific Ocean
 .South Pacific
 ..Southwest Pacific
 ...Tasman Sea
 ....Challenger Plateau
RTDSDP Site 593
 Leg 90
SNTasman Sea. This term has multiple hierarchies. Added to Thesaurus in 1989.
Challis Idaho  search
BTUnited States
 .Idaho
 ..Custer County Idaho
 ...Challis Idaho
SNCity in central Idaho.
Challis Volcanics  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Phanerozoic
 ..Cenozoic
 ...Tertiary
 ....Challis Volcanics
RTEocene
 Oligocene
 Miocene
 Idaho
SNS central Idaho. Indexed with ages as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1985.
chalmersite  search
USEcubanite
chalybite  search
USEsiderite
Chama Basin  search
BTUnited States
 .New Mexico
 ..Chama Basin
SNRiver basin in N New Mexico.
Chamba India  search
BTmachal Pradesh India
 .Chamba India
SNTown and district in NW Himachal Pradesh, N India.
Chambers County Alabama  search
BTUnited States
 .Alabama
 ..Chambers County Alabama
SNE Alabama.
Chambers County Texas  search
BTUnited States
 .Texas
 ..Chambers County Texas
SNSE Texas.
chambers, magma  search
USEmagma chambers
Chambly County Quebec  search
BTCanada
 .Eastern Canada
 ..Quebec
 ...Chambly County Quebec
chamosite  search
BTsilicates
 .sheet silicates
 ..chlorite group
 ...chamosite
RTberthierine
Champaign County Illinois  search
BTUnited States
 .Illinois
 ..Champaign County Illinois
NTUrbana Illinois
SNE Illinois.
Champaign County Ohio  search
BTUnited States
 .Ohio
 ..Champaign County Ohio
NTUrbana Ohio
SNW central Ohio.
Champlain County Quebec  search
BTCanada
 .Eastern Canada
 ..Quebec
 ...Champlain County Quebec
Champlain Sea  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Phanerozoic
 ..Cenozoic
 ...Quarternary
 ....Pleistocene
 .....Champlain Sea
RTOntario
 Quebec
 Vermont
 New York
 North America
 Lake Champlain
 Saint Lawrence Lowlands
SNLarge, postglacial water body which existed in Pleistocene time in the Saint Lawrence Lowlands. Indexed with states and Canadian provinces as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1985.
Champlain Valley  search
BTNorth America
 .Champlain Valley
RTQuebec
 Vermont
 New York
 Lake Champlain
 Great Appalachian Valley
SNLake Champlain area between Adirondack Mountains and Green Mountains and extending into S Quebec. Indexed with Quebec and states as applicable.
Champlainian  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Phanerozoic
 ..Paleozoic
 ...Ordovician
 ....Middle Ordovician
 .....Champlainian
RTTrentonian
SNProvincial series, North America. Above Canadian Series.
Chanares Argentina  search
BTSouth America
 .Argentina
 ..Cordoba Argentina
 ...Chanares Argentina
SNVillage in central Argentina.
Chanares Formation  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Phanerozoic
 ..Mesozoic
 ...Triassic
 ....Chanares Formation
RTArgentina
 La Rioja Argentina
Chandigarh India  search
BTAsia
 .Indian Peninsula
 ..India
 ...Punjab India
 ....Chandigarh India
SNCity in E Punjab State, N India.
Chandler wobble  search
RTEarth
 motions
Chang Jiang River  search
USEYangtze River
Changai Mountains  search
USEHangay Mountains
Changcheng System  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Precambrian
 ..Changcheng System
RTChina
 Changzhougou Formation
 Chuanlinggou Formation
SNIncludes Changzhougou and Chuanlinggou formations. Added to Thesaurus in 1989.
changes  search
SNNo longer a valid term for GeoRef. See alteration for pressure-temperature changes, climate change, conversion, fluctuations, global change, lake-level changes, paleoecology, sea-level changes, transformations, transient phenomena, and variations.
changes of level  search
SNNo longer a valid term for GeoRef. Used in subfiles B, E, G, N, and T. Now see sea-level changes or lake-level changes. Also see transgression or regression.
Changhsingian  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Phanerozoic
 ..Paleozoic
 ...Permian
 ....Lopingian
 .....Changhsingian
Changjiang Estuary  search
USEYangtze River
Changjiang River  search
USEYangtze River
Changwat Nakhon Phanom Thailand  search
BTAsia
 .Far East
 ..Thailand
 ...Changwat Nakhon Phanom Thailand
SNProvince in NE Thailand. Nakhon Phanom is also a city.
Changxing China  search
BTAsia
 .Far East
 ..China
 ...Zhejiang China
 ....Changxing China
UFCh'ang-hsing China
SNN Zhejiang near Jiangsu border, E China. Before 1993, also search Ch'ang-hsing.
Changzhougou Formation  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Precambrian
 ..Changzhougou Formation
RTChina
 Changcheng System
SNProterozoic? In Changcheng System. Added to Thesaurus in 1989.
channel geometry  search
RTchannels
 fluvial features
 geometry
 geomorphology
 hydrology
 rivers
 rivers and streams
 streams
SNFor channel cross-section only.
Channel Islands  search
BTUnited States
 .California
 ..Channel Islands
NTSan Clemente Island
UFSanta Barbara Islands
RTEnglish Channel Islands
 Los Angeles County California
 San Miguel Island
 San Nicolas Island
 Santa Barbara Basin
 Santa Barbara Channel
 Santa Barbara County California
 Santa Catalina Island
 Santa Cruz Island
 Ventura County California
SNRestricted to the Santa Barbara Islands off SW California coast between Santa Barbara and San Diego. Before 1981, term referred to the Channel Islands in the English Channel as well, and was indexed under California or England as applicable. Beginning in
channel order  search
USEstream order
Channeled Scabland  search
UFScabland (Columbia Plateau)
RTIdaho
 Montana
 Washington
 Oregon
 Columbia Plateau
 Columbia River basin
 Lake Missoula
 Pasco Basin
SNColumbia Plateau, of SE Washington and neighboring Montana, Idaho and Oregon. From repeated drainage of glacial lakes, particularly Lake Missoula. Also search channeled scablands or scablands in combination with location. The feature occurs in other locat
channelization  search
RTchannels
 fluvial features
 streams
 waterways
SNAdded to Thesaurus in 1989.
channels  search
RTbraided streams
 buried channels
 canals
 channel geometry
 channelization
 culverts
 fluvial features
 furrows
 geomorphology
 gorges
 grooves
 gullies
 knickpoints
 lava channels
 levees
 planar bedding structures
 rills
 riprap
 rivers
 sedimentary structures
 sedimentati
SNFor the geomorphic feature, index fluvial features if applicable.
Chao Phraya River  search
BTAsia
 .Far East
 ..Thailand
 ...Chao Phraya River
RTGulf of Siam
SNW Thailand. Formed by the combination of the Ping and Wang, and Nam and Yom rivers near Nakhon Sawan. Flows approximately 140 miles, past many cities (including Bangkok) to the Gulf of Siam. Added to Thesaurus in 1989.
chaoite  search
BTnative elements
 .chaoite
RTmeteorites
 carbon
 diamond
 graphite
 lonsdaleite
chaos  search
UFchaotic behavior
RTmathematical geology
 mathematical methods
 mathematical models
 fractals
 prediction
 probability
 stochastic processes
SNDeterminate behavior of systems in which the final state depends so sensitively on its initial state that the behavior is effectively unpredictable and appears to be random. Added to Thesaurus in 1995.
chaotic behavior  search
USEchaos
Chappel Limestone  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Phanerozoic
 ..Paleozoic
 ...Carboniferous
 ....Mississippian
 .....Lower Mississippian
 ......Chappel Limestone
RTTexas
SNCentral Texas. Includes King Creek Marl, Ives Conglomerate, Epsey Creek Limestone and Whites Crossing Coquina. Added to Thesaurus in 1989.
Char  search
RTKazakhstan
SNRock belt in the Lake Zaisan and Kalba Range areas of NE Kazakhstan. Indexed with regions as applicable.
Characeae  search
BTmicrofossils
 .Charophyta
 ..Characeae
SNFamily. This term has multiple hierarchies.
character  search
characteristic remanent magnetization  search
BTmagnetization
 .remanent magnetization
 ..characteristic remanent magnetization
RTdemagnetization
 natural remanent magnetization
 primary magnetization
SNAbbreviated ChRM. Added to Thesaurus in 1995.
characterization  search
RTsoils
 water regimes
Charadriiformes  search
BTChordata
 .Vertebrata
 ..Tetrapoda
 ...Aves
 ....Neornithes
 .....Charadriiformes
SNOrder.
charcoal  search
RTabsolute age
 carbon
 coal
Chardzhou Turkmenia  search
BTAsia
 .Turkmenia
 ..Chardzhou Turkmenia
NTGaurdak Turkmenia
 Kugitang-Tau
SNOblast and city in E Turkmenia. Also search Chardzhov. This term has multiple hierarchies.
Chardzhov  search
SNNo longer a valid term for GeoRef. See Chardzhou Turkmenia.
Charente  search
SNPreviously used for the department in W France. As of 1993, use Charente France or Charente-Maritime France for the department. As of 1995, use Charente River for the river. Also see Charentes.
Charente France  search
BTEurope
 .Western Europe
 ..France
 ...Charente France
NTAngouleme France
 Saint-Severin France
RTCharentes
 Saint-Severin Meteorite
SNDepartment in W France.
Charente-Inferieure France  search
USECharente-Maritime France
Charente-Maritime France  search
BTEurope
 .Western Europe
 ..France
 ...Charente-Maritime France
UFCharente-Inferieure France
RTCharentes
SNDepartment in W France.
Charentes  search
BTEurope
 .Western Europe
 ..France
 ...Charentes
RTCharente France
 Charente-Maritime France
SNRegion in W and W central France.
Chariton County Missouri  search
BTUnited States
 .Missouri
 ..Chariton County Missouri
Charl  search
Charles City County Virginia  search
BTUnited States
 .Virginia
 ..Charles City County Virginia
Charles County Maryland  search
BTUnited States
 .Maryland
 ..Charles County Maryland
SNS Maryland.
Charles Darwin  search
USEDarwin, Charles
Charles Formation  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Phanerozoic
 ..Paleozoic
 ...Carboniferous
 ....Mississippian
 .....Charles Formation
RTSaskatchewan
 Montana
 North Dakota
 South Dakota
 Madison Group
SNIn Madison Group. Added to Thesaurus in 1989.
Charles Lyell  search
USELyell, Charles
Charles Mix County South Dakota  search
BTUnited States
 .South Dakota
 ..Charles Mix County South Dakota
Charleston County South Carolina  search
BTUnited States
 .South Carolina
 ..Charleston County South Carolina
NTAshley River Fault
 Charleston South Carolina
SNAlong the Atlantic Ocean in SE South Carolina.
Charleston earthquake 1886  search
BTearthquakes
 .Charleston earthquake 1886
RTSouth Carolina
 Charleston South Carolina
SNEpicenter near Charleston, South Carolina. Added to Thesaurus in 1985.
Charleston South Carolina  search
BTUnited States
 .South Carolina
 ..Charleston County South Carolina
 ...Charleston South Carolina
RTCharleston earthquake 1886
SNCity in SE South Carolina.
Charleston West Virginia  search
BTUnited States
 .West Virginia
 ..Kanawha County West Virginia
 ...Charleston West Virginia
SNCity in W central West Virginia.
Charlevoix  search
BTCanada
 .Eastern Canada
 ..Quebec
 ...Charlevoix
UFCharlevoix structure
RTMichigan
 impact features
 cryptoexplosion features
SNAs of 1989, used only for the cryptoexplosion or impact feature in Quebec. Use Charlevoix Michigan for city on Lake Michigan.
Charlevoix County Michigan  search
BTUnited States
 .Michigan
 ..Michigan Lower Peninsula
 ...Charlevoix County Michigan
NTCharlevoix Michigan
SNNW Michigan.
Charlevoix County, Quebec  search
SNUse Charlevoix-Est County Quebec or Charlevoix-Ouest County Quebec as applicable.
Charlevoix East County Quebec  search
USECharlevoix-Est County Quebec
Charlevoix Michigan  search
BTUnited States
 .Michigan
 ..Michigan Lower Peninsula
 ...Charlevoix County Michigan
 ....Charlevoix Michigan
SNCity on Lake Michigan in NW Michigan.
Charlevoix structure  search
USECharlevoix
Charlevoix West County Quebec  search
USECharlevoix-Ouest County Quebec
Charlevoix-Est County Quebec  search
BTCanada
 .Eastern Canada
 ..Quebec
 ...Charlevoix-Est County Quebec
UFCharlevoix East County Quebec
 East Charlevoix County Quebec
RTCharlevoix-Ouest County Quebec
SNE central Quebec. Before 1993, also search Charlevoix Est, East Charlevoix County, East Charlevoix, or Charlevoix East in conjunction with Quebec.
Charlevoix-Ouest County Quebec  search
BTCanada
 .Eastern Canada
 ..Quebec
 ...Charlevoix-Ouest County Quebec
UFCharlevoix West County Quebec
 West Charlevoix County Quebec
RTCharlevoix-Est County Quebec
SNE central Quebec. Before 1993, also search Charlevoix-Ouest County, Charlevoix Ouest, West Charlevoix County, West Charlevoix, or Charlevoix West in combination with Quebec.
Charlie Gibbs fracture zone  search
USEGibbs fracture zone
Charlotte Belt  search
BTUnited States
 .Charlotte Belt
RTSouth Carolina
 Appalachians
 North Carolina
 Georgia
 Carolina slate belt
 Piedmont
 Southern Appalachians
SNMetamorphic belt, extending from central North Carolina across NW South Carolina to N Georgia. Indexed with counties or states as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1985.
Charlotte County Florida  search
BTUnited States
 .Florida
 ..Charlotte County Florida
SNOn Gulf of Mexico in S Florida.
Charlotte County New Brunswick  search
BTCanada
 .Eastern Canada
 ..Maritime Provinces
 ...New Brunswick
 ....Charlotte County New Brunswick
SNIn extreme S New Brunswick.
Charlotte County Virginia  search
BTUnited States
 .Virginia
 ..Charlotte County Virginia
SNS Virginia.
Charlotte North Carolina  search
BTUnited States
 .North Carolina
 ..Mecklenburg County North Carolina
 ...Charlotte North Carolina
SNCity in S North Carolina.
Charlton County Georgia  search
BTUnited States
 .Georgia
 ..Charlton County Georgia
charnockite  search
BTigneous rocks
 .plutonic rocks
 ..granites
 ...charnockite
RTfarsundite
charoite  search
BTsilicates
 .sheet silicates
 ..charoite
Charon Satellite  search
RTPluto
 satellites
SNSatellite of Pluto. Before 1989, also search Charon AND Pluto. Added to Thesaurus in 1989.
Charophyta  search
BTPlantae
 .algae
 ..Chlorophyta
 ...Charophyta
BTmicrofossils
 .Charophyta
NTCharaceae
SNThis term has multiple hierarchies.
Charters Towers Australia  search
BTAustralasia
 .Australia
 ..Queensland Australia
 ...Charters Towers Australia
SNCity just E of the Great Dividing Range in NE central Queensland.
chartology  search
USEcartography
Chase County Kansas  search
BTUnited States
 .Kansas
 ..Chase County Kansas
SNE central Kansas.
Chase County Nebraska  search
BTUnited States
 .Nebraska
 ..Chase County Nebraska
SNS Nebraska.
Chase Group  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Phanerozoic
 ..Paleozoic
 ...Permian
 ....Chase Group
RTOklahoma
 Nebraska
 Kansas
 Fort Riley Limestone
 Wreford Limestone
SNIncludes Odell Formation, Nolans Formation, Wreford Limestone, Matfield Shale, Doyle Shale, Winfield Limestone, Herrington Limestone, Fort Riley Limestone and Barneston Limestone. E Kansas, N central Oklahoma, and SE Nebraska.
chassignite  search
BTmeteorites
 .stony meteorites
 ..achondrites
 ...Martian meteorites
 ....SNC Meteorites
 .....chassignite
NTChassigny Meteorite
SNAdded to Thesaurus in 1981.
Chassigny Meteorite  search
BTmeteorites
 .stony meteorites
 ..achondrites
 ...Martian meteorites
 ....SNC Meteorites
 .....chassignite
 ......Chassigny Meteorite
RTFrance
 Haute-Marne France
SNImpact at Chassigny in Haute-Marne, France. Before 1985, also search Chassigny AND meteorites. Added to Thesaurus in 1985.
Chat  search
Chateauguay County Quebec  search
BTCanada
 .Eastern Canada
 ..Quebec
 ...Chateauguay County Quebec
Chateaulin Basin  search
BTEurope
 .Western Europe
 ..France
 ...Finistere France
 ....Chateaulin Basin
SNIn extreme W Brittany.
Chatham County Georgia  search
BTUnited States
 .Georgia
 ..Chatham County Georgia
SNE Georgia.
Chatham County North Carolina  search
BTUnited States
 .North Carolina
 ..Chatham County North Carolina
SNCentral North Carolina.
Chatham Rise  search
BTPacific Ocean
 .South Pacific
 ..Chatham Rise
RTDSDP Site 594
SN500 miles E of New Zealand.
Chatkal Range  search
BTAsia
 .Kyrgyzstan
 ..Chatkal Range
BTAsia
 .Tien Shan
 ..Chatkal Range
SNBranch of NW Tien Shan. Before 1978, also search Chatkal. This term has multiple hierarchies.
Chatsworth Formation  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Phanerozoic
 ..Mesozoic
 ...Cretaceous
 ....Chatsworth Formation
RTCalifornia
SNS California. Added to Thesaurus in 1985.
Chattahoochee County Georgia  search
BTUnited States
 .Georgia
 ..Chattahoochee County Georgia
Chattahoochee River  search
BTUnited States
 .Chattahoochee River
RTAlabama
 Florida
 Georgia
SNIn Georgia, Alabama, and Florida. Added to Thesaurus in 1981.
Chattanooga Shale  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Phanerozoic
 ..Paleozoic
 ...Chattanooga Shale
RTDevonian
 Upper Devonian
 Mississippian
 Kentucky
 Missouri
 Oklahoma
 Illinois
 Mississippi
 Alabama
 Georgia
 Tennessee
 Arkansas
SNUpper Devonian and Mississippian. Consists of lower Dowelltown Member and upper Gassaway Member. In some areas, includes Hardin Sandstone Member below the Dowelltown. N Alabama, Arkansas, NW Georgia, Illinois, E and W Kentucky, NE Mississippi, Missouri, O
Chattian  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Phanerozoic
 ..Cenozoic
 ...Paleogene
 ....Oligocene
 .....Chattian
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Phanerozoic
 ..Cenozoic
 ...Paleogene
 ....Oligocene
 .....upper Oligocene
 ......Chattian
SNEurope. Above Rupelian, below Aquitanian (Miocene).
Chattooga County Georgia  search
BTUnited States
 .Georgia
 ..Chattooga County Georgia
Chaturi Georgian Republic  search
USEChiatura Georgian Republic
Chautauqua County Kansas  search
BTUnited States
 .Kansas
 ..Chautauqua County Kansas
SNSE Kansas.
Chautauqua County New York  search
BTUnited States
 .New York
 ..Chautauqua County New York
SNExtreme W New York.
Chaves County New Mexico  search
BTUnited States
 .New Mexico
 ..Chaves County New Mexico
RTGuadalupe Mountains
SNSE New Mexico.
Chaves Island  search
BTEast Pacific Ocean Islands
 .Galapagos Islands
 ..Chaves Island
UFIndefatigable Island
RTSanta Cruz Island
SNOne of the Galapagos Islands. Not to be confused with Santa Cruz Island which is one of the Channel Islands. Also search Santa Cruz Island AND Galapagos. Added to Thesaurus in 1981.
Chaya Massif  search
BTCommonwealth of Independent States
 .Russian Federation
 ..Chaya Massif
BTAsia
 .Chaya Massif
RTBaikal region
SNA gabbro-peridotite massif in northern Baikal region. This term has multiple hierarchies.
Chazy Group  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Phanerozoic
 ..Paleozoic
 ...Ordovician
 ....Middle Ordovician
 .....Chazy Group
RTQuebec
 Vermont
 New York
SNE New York, W Vermont and S Quebec. Added to Thesaurus in 1989.
Chazyan  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Phanerozoic
 ..Paleozoic
 ...Ordovician
 ....Middle Ordovician
 .....Chazyan
SNNorth America. Below Mohawkian, above Lower Ordovician.
Cheatham County Tennessee  search
BTUnited States
 .Tennessee
 ..Cheatham County Tennessee
Cheboygan County Michigan  search
BTUnited States
 .Michigan
 ..Michigan Lower Peninsula
 ...Cheboygan County Michigan
Chechen-Ingush Russian Federation  search
BTCommonwealth of Independent States
 .Russian Federation
 ..Chechen-Ingush Russian Federation
BTEurope
 .Chechen-Ingush Russian Federation
NTGrozny Russian Federation
UFChecheno-Ingush Russian Federation
RTNorthern Caucasus
 Malgobek Russian Federation
SNFormer Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic on N slopes of Caucasus. Before 1993, Chechen-Ingush Russian Republic was also used. This term has multiple hierarchies.
Checheno-Ingush Russian Federation  search
USEChechen-Ingush Russian Federation
Chedabucto Bay  search
BTCanada
 .Eastern Canada
 ..Maritime Provinces
 ...Nova Scotia
 ....Chedabucto Bay
SNInlet of Atlantic Ocean in NE just S of Cape Breton Island.
Cheilostomata  search
BTInvertebrata
 .Bryozoa
 ..Cheilostomata
Cheju Island  search
BTAsia
 .Far East
 ..Korea
 ...South Korea
 ....Cheju Island
SNIn East China Sea S of mainland.
Chekalin Russian Federation  search
BTCommonwealth of Independent States
 .Russian Federation
 ..Tula Russian Federation
 ...Chekalin Russian Federation
UFLikhvin Russian Federation
SNTown in W Tula Oblast in SW European Russian Federation. Before 1993, Chekalin Russian Republic was also used. This term has multiple hierarchies.
Chekiang China  search
USEZhejiang China
Chelan County Washington  search
BTUnited States
 .Washington
 ..Chelan County Washington
SNCentral Washington.
chelation  search
RTbonding
 geochemistry
 ligands
 metals
 organic compounds
SNAdded to Thesaurus in 1985.
Cheleken Peninsula  search
BTAsia
 .Turkmenia
 ..Cheleken Peninsula
SNIn Krasnovodsk Oblast on Caspian Sea. This term has multiple hierarchies.
Cheleken Turkmenia  search
BTAsia
 .Turkmenia
 ..Ashkhabad Turkmenia
 ...Cheleken Turkmenia
SNTown on the Caspian Sea in Ashkhabad Oblast, SW Turkmenia. This term has multiple hierarchies.
Chelicerata  search
BTInvertebrata
 .Arthropoda
 ..Chelicerata
NTArachnida
 Merostomata
SNSubphylum.
Chelmsford Formation  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Precambrian
 ..Chelmsford Formation
RTOntario
SNLocated in the Sudbury Basin. Added to Thesaurus in 1989.
Chelmsford Granite  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Phanerozoic
 ..Paleozoic
 ...Devonian
 ....Chelmsford Granite
RTMassachusetts
 New Hampshire
 Maine
SNAdded to Thesaurus in 1989.
Chelonia  search
BTChordata
 .Vertebrata
 ..Tetrapoda
 ...Reptilia
 ....Anapsida
 .....Chelonia
NTEmydidae
 Pelomedusidae
 Testudinidae
UFTestudines
RTTestudinata
SNOrder and genus. Testudines is a synonym for the order. Indexed with Testudinata if applicable.
Chelyabinsk Russian Federation  search
BTCommonwealth of Independent States
 .Russian Federation
 ..Chelyabinsk Russian Federation
NTBakal Russian Federation
 Kochkar Russian Federation
 Magnitogorsk Russian Federation
 Rudnichny Russian Federation
 Ufaley Russian Federation
RTUral region
 Yuryuzan Russian Federation
 Ilmen Mountains
SNCity and oblast in Southern Urals. Before 1993, Chelyabinsk Russian Republic was also used. Indexed with Asia if applicable.
chemical  search
SNA valid term through 1977. After 1977, use more specific term, e.g. chemical composition, or chemical properties, or chemical analysis, or chemical weathering.
chemical analysis  search
RTaccelerator mass spectroscopy
 activation analysis
 alpha-ray spectroscopy
 analysis
 atomic absorption
 atomic force microscopy
 Auger spectroscopy
 automated analysis
 calorimetry
 catalysis
 centrifuge methods
 chemical composition
 chromatography
 citrate-bicarbon
SNUsed only for methodology. For data resulting from chemical analysis of a material, use chemical composition AND name of material. Also search chemical analyses; analysis AND chemical. Indexed with specific type of analysis where applicable.
chemical buffers  search
USEbuffers
chemical composition  search
RTanalysis
 chemical analysis
 gas chromatography
 geochemical surveys
 geochemistry
 hydrochemistry
 ion chromatography
 isochores
 manganese composition
 soils
 composition
SNUsed to discuss data and results of methods. Also search chemical AND composition.
chemical demagnetization  search
BTdemagnetization
 .chemical demagnetization
RTgeophysics
 magnetization
 paleomagnetism
 remanent magnetization
SNAdded to Thesaurus in 1981.
chemical dispersion  search
RTcitrate-bicarbonate-dithionite method
 dispersivity
 fresh water
 geochemistry
 ground water
 hydrochemistry
 magma transport
 salt water
 salt-water intrusion
 sea water
 transport
SNFrom 1981-1992, also search dispersion. Added to Thesaurus in 1993.
chemical elements  search
RTboron
 carbon
 chalcophile elements
 cosmochemistry
 cosmogenic elements
 geochemical anomalies
 geochemistry
 halogens
 hydrogen
 isotopes
 lithophile elements
 major elements
 major-element analyses
 metals
 migration of elements
 minor elements
 minor-element analyses
SNBefore 1993, also search elements. See list D. Added to Thesaurus in 1993.
chemical erosion  search
USEcorrosion
chemical evolution  search
SNNot a valid term for GeoRef. As of 1993, see biologic evolution or life origin or biochemistry if applicable. Also see chemical properties, atmosphere or paleoatmosphere, which can be combined with evolution.
chemical explosions  search
BTexplosions
 .chemical explosions
chemical fossils  search
RTbiomarkers
 casts
 fossilization
 fossils
 ichnofossils
 paleontology
 problematic fossils
chemical fractionation  search
RTcrystal fractionation
 fractional crystallization
 geochemistry
 isotope fractionation
 partitioning
SNFor fractionation of isotopes, use isotope fractionation. For fractionation of magmas, use fractional crystallization. Before 1985, also search fractionation. Added to Thesaurus in 1985.
chemical industry  search
RTeconomic geology
 industry
SNAdded to Thesaurus in 1981.
chemical logging  search
USEgeochemical logging
chemical magnetization  search
USEchemical remanent magnetization
chemical methods  search
SNAs of 1981, no longer a valid term for GeoRef. See geochemical methods; chemical analysis.
chemical prop  search
chemical properties  search
RTcoal
 geochemistry
 igneous rocks
 metamorphic rocks
 physicochemical properties
 properties
 sedimentary rocks
 sediments
 surfactants
 thermochemical properties
 valency
chemical ratios  search
RTgeochemistry
 HIMU
 partition coefficients
 Sr/Ca
SNBefore 1993, also search ratios and geochemistry. Added to Thesaurus in 1993.
chemical reactions  search
RTcoupling
 decarbonation
 endothermic reactions
 geochemistry
 methylation
 reaction rims
 reactivity
 sinks
 stoichiometry
SNBefore 1993, also search reactions. Added to Thesaurus in 1993.
chemical remanence  search
USEchemical remanent magnetization
chemical remanent magnetization  search
BTmagnetization
 .remanent magnetization
 ..chemical remanent magnetization
UFchemical magnetization
 chemical remanence
 CRM
 crystallization magnetization
 crystallization remanent magnetization
RTpaleomagnetism
chemical sedimentation  search
BTsedimentation
 .chemical sedimentation
SNAdded to Thesaurus in 1981.
chemical waste  search
RTagrochemicals
 environmental geology
 hazardous waste
 industrial waste
 liquid waste
 pollutants
 pollution
 radioactive waste
 solid waste
 sulfuric acid
 tailings
 toxic materials
 waste disposal
 waste disposal sites
SNGenerated by chemical, petrochemical, plastics, pharmaceutical, biochemical, or microbiological manufacturing processes. See pollutants for some specific kinds. Indexed with specific type if known. Added to Thesaurus in 1995.
chemical weathering  search
BTweathering
 .chemical weathering
RTrock varnish
 embayments
 corrosion
 karstification
 pits
 weathering rinds
chemically precipitated rocks  search
BTsedimentary rocks
 .chemically precipitated rocks
NTchert
 duricrust
 evaporites
 ferricrete
 flint
 iron formations
 ironstone
 jaspilite
 phosphate rocks
 silcrete
 siliceous sinter
 taconite
 tufa
 weathering crust
UFchemically precipitated sediments
RTsedimentation
 rocks
 gypsum
 allochems
 anhydrite
 dolomite
 precipitation
 iron-rich composition
 itabirite
 travertine
 halite
 novaculite
SNAs of 1981, terms that were classified under chemically precipitated sediments are included here or under carbonate rocks. Those added here are duricrust, ferricrete, silcrete, siliceous sinter and weathering crust.
chemically precipitated sediments  search
USEchemically precipitated rocks
chemicals  search
SNNot recommended for GeoRef. Use a more specific term. See chemical waste, pollutants, reagents, agrochemicals. Also see organic compounds, inorganic materials.
Chemicals, Runoff and Erosion from Agricultural Management Systems  search
USECREAMS
chemistry  search
SNAs of 1981, no longer a valid term for GeoRef. See geochemistry.
Chemnitz Germany  search
BTEurope
 .Central Europe
 ..Germany
 ...Saxony Germany
 ....Chemnitz Germany
UFKarl-Marx-Stadt
SNCity in Saxony, E Germany. From 1981-1992, Karl-Marx-Stadt referred to the city in SE East Germany. Before 1981, it also included the East German district.
chemostratigraphy  search
RTgeochemistry
 stratigraphy
SNAdded to Thesaurus in 1989.
chemosynthesis  search
RTgeochemistry
 paleobotany
 processes
 respiration
SNAlso search chemoautotrophism and chemoautotrophy if applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1995.
Chemung County New York  search
BTUnited States
 .New York
 ..Chemung County New York
RTChemung River
SNS New York.
Chemung Formation  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Phanerozoic
 ..Paleozoic
 ...Devonian
 ....Upper Devonian
 .....Chemung Formation
RTVirginia
 Pennsylvania
 New York
 Maryland
 West Virginia
SNAdded to Thesaurus in 1989.
Chemung River  search
BTUnited States
 .Chemung River
RTPennsylvania
 New York
 Bradford County Pennsylvania
 Chemung County New York
SNS New York and N Pennsylvania. Formed at the junction of the Cohocton and Tioga rivers near Painted Post, New York. Flows about 45 miles SE to the Susquehanna River near Athens, Pennsylvania. Indexed with counties as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1989
Chenango County New York  search
BTUnited States
 .New York
 ..Chenango County New York
Chenango River  search
BTUnited States
 .New York
 ..Chenango River
SNIn S central New York.
chenier plains  search
BTplains
 .chenier plains
BTshore features
 .chenier plains
RTshorelines
 eolian features
 beaches
 cheniers
 mud flats
SNThis term has multiple hierarchies. Added to Thesaurus in 1993.
cheniers  search
BTshore features
 .cheniers
RTgeomorphology
 shorelines
 beach ridges
 marine terraces
 chenier plains
SNAdded to Thesaurus in 1981.
Cher France  search
BTEurope
 .Western Europe
 ..France
 ...Cher France
NTBourges France
 Sancerre-Couy Borehole
SNDepartment in central France.
Cheremkhovo Basin  search
USEIrkutsk Basin
Cheremkovo coal basin  search
USEIrkutsk Basin
Cherkasi Ukraine  search
USECherkassy Ukraine
Cherkassy Ukraine  search
BTEurope
 .Ukraine
 ..Cherkassy Ukraine
NTKorsun-Shevchenkovski Ukraine
UFCherkasi Ukraine
SNCity and oblast in central Ukraine. This term has multiple hierarchies.
Chernigov Ukraine  search
BTEurope
 .Ukraine
 ..Chernigov Ukraine
SNOblast in N Ukraine. This term has multiple hierarchies.
Chernobyl nuclear accident  search
RTfallout
 radioactivity
 radioactive tracers
 radioactive isotopes
SNUse for the 1986 accident which released radioactive materials into the atmosphere. After 1992, search in combination with Chernobyl Ukraine for local studies. Before 1993, also search Chernobyl AND (radioactivity or fallout) if applicable. For local stud
Chernobyl Ukraine  search
BTEurope
 .Ukraine
 ..Kiev Ukraine
 ...Chernobyl Ukraine
UFTschernobyl Ukraine
RTnuclear facilities
SNSite of nuclear reactor accident in Kiev oblast, Ukraine. This term has multiple hierarchies.
Chernozems  search
BTsoils
 .Chernozems
UFBlack earth
 Chernozyom
 Tchornozem
 Tschernosem
 Tschernosiom
RTsoil group
 Zonal soils
 Chestnut soils
Chernozyom  search
USEChernozems
Cherokee County Alabama  search
BTUnited States
 .Alabama
 ..Cherokee County Alabama
SNNE Alabama.
Cherokee County Georgia  search
BTUnited States
 .Georgia
 ..Cherokee County Georgia
SNNW Georgia.
Cherokee County Iowa  search
BTUnited States
 .Iowa
 ..Cherokee County Iowa
SNNW Iowa.
Cherokee County Kansas  search
BTUnited States
 .Kansas
 ..Cherokee County Kansas
SNExtreme SE Kansas.
Cherokee County North Carolina  search
BTUnited States
 .North Carolina
 ..Cherokee County North Carolina
SNExtreme W North Carolina.
Cherokee County Oklahoma  search
BTUnited States
 .Oklahoma
 ..Cherokee County Oklahoma
SNE Oklahoma.
Cherokee County South Carolina  search
BTUnited States
 .South Carolina
 ..Cherokee County South Carolina
SNN South Carolina.
Cherokee County Texas  search
BTUnited States
 .Texas
 ..Cherokee County Texas
SNE Texas.
Cherokee Group  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Phanerozoic
 ..Paleozoic
 ...Carboniferous
 ....Pennsylvanian
 .....Middle Pennsylvanian
 ......Desmoinesian
 .......Cherokee Group
RTIowa
 Missouri
 Nebraska
 Kansas
 Bevier Coal
 Cabaniss Formation
 Excello Shale
SNDivided into Riverton, Warner, Rowe, Dry Wood, Bluejacket, Seville, Weir, Tebo, Scammon, Mineral, Robinson, Branch, Fleming, Croweburg, Verdigris, Bevier, Lagonda, Mulky, and Excello formations. SW Iowa, E Kansas, W Missouri, and SE Nebraska.
Cherry Canyon Forma  search
Cherry Canyon Formation  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Phanerozoic
 ..Paleozoic
 ...Permian
 ....Guadalupian
 .....Cherry Canyon Formation
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Phanerozoic
 ..Paleozoic
 ...Permian
 ....Lower Permian
 .....Cherry Canyon Formation
RTOntario
 New Mexico
 Texas
 Delaware Mountain Group
SNIn Delaware Mountain Group. W Texas and S New Mexico. This term has multiple hierarchies. Added to Thesaurus in 1985.
Cherry County Nebraska  search
BTUnited States
 .Nebraska
 ..Cherry County Nebraska
chert  search
BTsedimentary rocks
 .chemically precipitated rocks
 ..chert
NTjasperoid
UFhornstein
 hornstone
RTtripoli
 chalcedony
 jasper
 flint
 metachert
chertification  search
BTdiagenesis
 .chertification
RTsilicification
Ches  search
Chesapeake  search
Chesapeake Bay  search
BTUnited States
 .Chesapeake Bay
RTVirginia
 Maryland
 Atlantic Coastal Plain
 North Atlantic
SNInlet of Atlantic Ocean in E United States. Indexed with states as applicable.
Chesapeake Group  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Phanerozoic
 ..Cenozoic
 ...upper Cenozoic
 ....Chesapeake Group
RTOligocene
 Pliocene
 Pleistocene
 Miocene
 Virginia
 North Carolina
 Maryland
 Delaware
 Calvert Formation
 Choptank Formation
 Chowan River Formation
 Eastover Formation
 Saint Marys Formation
 Yorktown Formation
SNVirginia, North Carolina, Delaware and E Maryland. At one time considered, middle and upper Miocene, it ranges from Oligocene to Pleistocene. Indexed with age or ages as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1985.
Cheshire County New Hampshire  search
BTw Hampshire
 .Cheshire County New Hampshire
Cheshire England  search
BTEurope
 .Western Europe
 ..United Kingdom
 ...Great Britain
 ....England
 .....Cheshire England
RTMersey River
 Mersey Valley
SNCounty in NW England.
Cheshire Formation  search
RTArchean
 Belingwe greenstone belt
 Connecticut
 Lower Cambrian
 Massachusetts
 New York
 Quebec
 Vermont
 Zimbabwe
SNW Connecticut, W Massachusetts, SE New York, SW Vermont and S Quebec. Also in the Archean Ngezi Group, Belingwe greenstone belt, Zimbabwe. Indexed with age as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1989.
Chesil Beach England  search
BTEurope
 .Western Europe
 ..United Kingdom
 ...Great Britain
 ....England
 .....Dorset England
 ......Chesil Beach England
SNOn the English Channel in Dorset.
Chester County Pennsylvania  search
BTUnited States
 .Pennsylvania
 ..Chester County Pennsylvania
SNSE Pennsylvania.
Chester County South Carolina  search
BTUnited States
 .South Carolina
 ..Chester County South Carolina
SNN South Carolina.
Chester County Tennessee  search
BTUnited States
 .Tennessee
 ..Chester County Tennessee
SNSW Tennessee.
Chester Series  search
USEChesterian
Chesterfield County South Carolina  search
BTUnited States
 .South Carolina
 ..Chesterfield County South Carolina
NTPageland South Carolina
SNN South Carolina.
Chesterfield County Virginia  search
BTUnited States
 .Virginia
 ..Chesterfield County Virginia
SNE central Virginia. Also search Colonial Heights Virginia if applicable.
Chesterian  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Phanerozoic
 ..Paleozoic
 ...Carboniferous
 ....Mississippian
 .....Upper Mississippian
 ......Chesterian
NTAux Vases Sandstone
 Beech Creek Limestone Member
 Cypress Sandstone
 Golconda Formation
 Imo Formation
 Renault Formation
UFChester Series
RTKentucky
 Missouri
 Illinois
 Indiana
 Alabama
 Tennessee
 Morrowan
 Meramecian
 Springer Formation
SNProvincial series, North America. Formations included in standard section: Aux Vases Sandstone, Renault Limestone, Bethel Sandstone, Point Creek Formation. N Alabama, Illinois, S Indiana, Kentucky, E Missouri, and Tennessee.
Chestnut soils  search
BTsoils
 .Chestnut soils
RTsoil group
 Zonal soils
 Chernozems
Cheviot Hills  search
RTAustralia
 England
 Queensland Australia
 Scotland
SNRange of hills along the English-Scottish border. Also occurs in N Queensland. Indexed with England and/or Scotland OR location as applicable.
chevkinite  search
BTsilicates
 .orthosilicates
 ..sorosilicates
 ...chevkinite
chevron folds  search
BTfolds
 .chevron folds
RTkink folds
SNBefore 1978, also search folds AND chevron.
chevron marks  search
BTsedimentary structures
 .bedding plane irregularities
 ..chevron marks
SNAdded to Thesaurus in 1985.
Cheyenne Belt  search
BTUnited States
 .Cheyenne Belt
RTWyoming
 Colorado
SNShear zone along S margin of Archean Wyoming Province and adjacent accreted Proterozoic rocks. Indexed with Colorado and/or Wyoming as applicable.
Cheyenne County Colorado  search
BTUnited States
 .Colorado
 ..Cheyenne County Colorado
SNE Colorado.
Cheyenne County Kansas  search
BTUnited States
 .Kansas
 ..Cheyenne County Kansas
SNExtreme NW Kansas.
Cheyenne County Nebraska  search
BTUnited States
 .Nebraska
 ..Cheyenne County Nebraska
SNW Nebraska.
Cheyenne Sandstone  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Phanerozoic
 ..Mesozoic
 ...Cretaceous
 ....Lower Cretaceous
 .....Cheyenne Sandstone
RTOklahoma
 Colorado
 Kansas
SNUnderlies Kiowa Formation; overlies Morrison Formation. SW Kansas, SE Colorado, and W Oklahoma.
Chhindwara India  search
BTAsia
 .Indian Peninsula
 ..India
 ...Madhya Pradesh India
 ....Chhindwara India
SNDistrict and town in S central Madhya Pradesh, central India.
Chiang Mai Thailand  search
BTAsia
 .Far East
 ..Thailand
 ...Chiang Mai Thailand
SNCity and province in NW Thailand.
Chiapas Mexico  search
BTMexico
 .Chiapas Mexico
NTEl Chichon
RTSierra de Juarez
SNState in SE Mexico.
Chiatura Georgian Republic  search
BTEurope
 .Georgian Republic
 ..Chiatura Georgian Republic
UFChaturi Georgian Republic
 Chiaturi Georgian Republic
SNCity in central Georgian Republic.
Chiaturi Georgian Republic  search
USEChiatura Georgian Republic
Chiayi-Hsinying area  search
BTAsia
 .Far East
 ..Taiwan
 ...Chiayi-Hsinying area
Chiba earthquake 1987  search
USEChibaken-Toho-Oki earthquake 1987
Chiba Japan  search
BTnshu
 .Chiba Japan
NTChoshi Japan
RTYamanashi Japan
 Chiba Peninsula
 Kanto Plain
 Tokyo Bay
SNCity and prefecture SE of Tokyo in central Honshu.
Chiba Peninsula  search
BTnshu
 .Chiba Peninsula
UFBoso Peninsula
RTChiba Japan
 Chibaken-Toho-Oki earthquake 1987
 Kazusa Group
SNBetween Tokyo Bay and Sagami Sea.
Chiba-ken Toho-Oki earthquake 1987  search
USEChibaken-Toho-Oki earthquake 1987
Chibaken-Toho-Oki earthquake 1987  search
BTearthquakes
 .Chibaken-Toho-Oki earthquake 1987
UFChiba earthquake 1987
 Chiba-ken Toho-Oki earthquake 1987
RTHonshu
 Japan
 West Pacific
 Chiba Peninsula
 Oki Islands
SNEpicenter off the east coast of Chiba, Japan. Added to Thesaurus in 1993.
Chibougamau Quebec  search
BTCanada
 .Eastern Canada
 ..Quebec
 ...Abitibi County Quebec
 ....Chibougamau Quebec
RTHenderson Mine
SNVillage SE of Lake Mistassini in central Quebec.
Chicago Illinois  search
BTUnited States
 .Illinois
 ..Cook County Illinois
 ...Chicago Illinois
SNCity on Lake Michigan in NE Illinois.
Chichagof Island  search
BTUnited States
 .Alaska
 ..Southeastern Alaska
 ...Alexander Archipelago
 ....Chichagof Island
SNSE Alaska. Added to Thesaurus in 1985.
Chichibu Belt  search
BTAsia
 .Far East
 ..Japan
 ...Chichibu Belt
RTHonshu
 Kyushu
 Kurosegawa Zone
 Shikoku
SNExtends from W Kyushu through central Shikoku to Chiba Peninsula of E Honshu. Middle segment of Butsuzo Tectonic Line. Kochi Prefecture, central Shikoku. Also index Honshu and/or Shikoku and/or Kyushu as applicable.
Chichibu Japan  search
BTnshu
 .Saitama Japan
 ..Chichibu Japan
SNCity NW of Tokyo in central Honshu.
Chichibu Mine  search
BTnshu
 .Saitama Japan
 ..Chichibu Mine
RTmines
 metal ores
SNSaitama Prefecture, central Honshu.
Chickamauga Group  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Phanerozoic
 ..Paleozoic
 ...Ordovician
 ....Chickamauga Group
RTVirginia
 Alabama
 Georgia
 Tennessee
SNIncludes limestone strata of Middle and Upper Ordovician age. N Alabama, NW Georgia, E Tennessee, and SW Virginia.
Chickasaw County Iowa  search
BTUnited States
 .Iowa
 ..Chickasaw County Iowa
Chickasaw County Mississippi  search
BTUnited States
 .Mississippi
 ..Chickasaw County Mississippi
Chickasawhay Formation  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Phanerozoic
 ..Cenozoic
 ...Paleogene
 ....Oligocene
 .....upper Oligocene
 ......Chickasawhay Formation
RTMississippi
SNIn Limestone Creek Group. In SE Mississippi.
Chickmagalur India  search
BTAsia
 .Indian Peninsula
 ..India
 ...Karnataka India
 ....Chickmagalur India
SNVillage in SW Karnataka, S India.
Chicot Aquifer  search
BTUnited States
 .Chicot Aquifer
RTLouisiana
 Texas
SNSW Louisiana and SE Texas. Indexed with states as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1989.
Chicot County Arkansas  search
BTUnited States
 .Arkansas
 ..Chicot County Arkansas
Chicoutimi County Quebec  search
BTCanada
 .Eastern Canada
 ..Quebec
 ...Chicoutimi County Quebec
Chicxulub Crater  search
RTCaribbean region
 Caribbean Sea
 Gulf of Mexico
 impact features
 Mexico
 Yucatan Peninsula
SNPossible impact structure thought to be centered offshore N Yucatan Peninsula, Bay of Campeche, S Gulf of Mexico. Indexed with Yucatan Peninsula and Mexican states and/or Gulf of Mexico and/or Caribbean Sea as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1995.
Chieti Italy  search
BTEurope
 .Southern Europe
 ..Italy
 ...Abruzzi Italy
 ....Chieti Italy
SNProvince and town in E Abruzzi.
Chihsia Formation  search
USEQixia Formation
Chihuahua Mexico  search
BTMexico
 .Chihuahua Mexico
NTSierra Pena Blanca
RTRio Grande
 Allende Meteorite
 Sierra de Juarez
 Chihuahua tectonic belt
 Guerrero Terrane
 Pedregosa Basin
 Rio Grande Rift
 Rio Grande Valley
 San Antonio Mine
 Sierra Madre Occidental
SNState in northern Mexico. Also a city.
Chihuahua tectonic belt  search
BTNorth America
 .Chihuahua tectonic belt
RTNew Mexico
 Texas
 Chihuahua Mexico
 Rio Grande Rift
 Coahuila Mexico
SNIndexed with Mexican and U. S. states as applicable.
Childress County Texas  search
BTUnited States
 .Texas
 ..Childress County Texas
Chile  search
BTSouth America
 .Chile
NTAntofagasta Chile
 Arauco Chile
 Atacama Chile
 Atacama Desert
 Copiapo River
 Coquimbo Chile
 Magallanes Chile
 Santiago Chile
 Tarapaca Chile
 Valparaiso Chile
RTAndes
 Puna
 Chile Margin Triple Junction
 Antofagasta earthquake 1995
 Colorado River
 Patagonia
 Patagonian Andes
 Patagonian Batholith
 Precordillera
 Central Valley
 Chile earthquake 1960
 Chile earthquake 1985
 Cordillera de la Costa
 San Pedro
 Tierra del Fuego
 V
Chile earthquake 1960  search
BTearthquakes
 .Chile earthquake 1960
RTChile
 Peru-Chile Trench
 shallow-focus earthquakes
SNCentral Andes. To search before 1993, see earthquakes. Before 1993, also search Chilean earthquake 1960. Added to Thesaurus in 1993.
Chile earthquake 1985  search
BTearthquakes
 .Chile earthquake 1985
UFcentral Chile earthquake 1985
 Chilean earthquake 1985
RTChile
 Santiago Chile
 Valparaiso Chile
SNCentral Chile. Added to Thesaurus in 1989.
Chile earthquake 1995  search
USEAntofagasta earthquake 1995
Chile Margin Triple Junction  search
RTAntarctic Plate
 Chile
 Leg 141
 Nazca Plate
 ODP Site 859
 ODP Site 860
 ODP Site 861
 ODP Site 862
 ODP Site 863
 South American Plate
 triple junctions
SNAntarctic, Nazca, and South American plates. Added to Thesaurus in 1995.
Chile Ridge  search
BTPacific Ocean
 .South Pacific
 ..Southeast Pacific
 ...Chile Ridge
UFChile Rise
RTmid-ocean ridges
SNRuns SE-NW off Chilean coast between 80#DG W-105#DG W. This term has multiple hierarchies.
Chile Rise  search
USEChile Ridge
Chile Trench  search
USEPeru-Chile Trench
Chilean earthquake 1985  search
USEChile earthquake 1985
Chilhowee Group  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Phanerozoic
 ..Paleozoic
 ...Cambrian
 ....Lower Cambrian
 .....Chilhowee Group
RTVirginia
 North Carolina
 Maryland
 Tennessee
 Antietam Formation
 Rome Formation
 Shady Dolomite
SNIncludes Loudoun Formation, Weverton Sandstone, Harpers Shale, Antietam Formation, Unicoi Formation, Hampton Shale, Erwin Quartzite, Vann Quartzite, Sandsuck Shale, Cochran Quartzite, Nebo Quartzite, Murry Shale, Hesse Quartzite, Shady Dolomite, Rome Form
Chilliwack Group  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Phanerozoic
 ..Paleozoic
 ...Carboniferous
 ....Chilliwack Group
RTWashington
 British Columbia
SNS British Columbia and N Washington. Added to Thesaurus in 1985.
Chilly Buttes  search
BTUnited States
 .Idaho
 ..Custer County Idaho
 ...Chilly Buttes
SNNear Borah Peak in central Idaho. Added to Thesaurus in 1989.
Chilton County Alabama  search
BTUnited States
 .Alabama
 ..Chilton County Alabama
SNCentral Alabama.
chimneys  search
RTfumaroles
 geomorphology
 hydrothermal vents
 mining geology
 ore bodies
 pipes
 shore features
 vents
SNUse for the landform. As of 1993, use vents for volcanic chimneys and hydrothermal vents for hydrothermal chimneys. Added to Thesaurus in 1993.
China  search
BTAsia
 .Far East
 ..China
NTAnhui China
 Chongqing China
 Da Hinggan Ling
 Dabie Mountains
 Dongpu Depression
 Fujian China
 Gansu China
 Guangdong China
 Guangxi China
 Guizhou China
 Hainan China
 Han River basin
 Hebei China
 Heilongjiang China
 Henan China
 Hong Kong
 Huang He
 Hubei China
 Hunan China
 Inner Mongolia China
 Jiangsu China
 Jiangxi China
 Jilin China
 Kunlun Mountains
 Liaohe Basin
 Liaoning China
 Loess Plateau
 Nanling
 Ningxia China
 North China Platform
 Ordos Basin
 Qilian Mountains
 Qinghai China
 Qinghai-Xizang Plateau
 Qinling Mountains
 Sanjiang
 Shaanxi China
 Shandong China
 Shanghai China
 Shanxi China
 Sichuan Basin
 Sichuan China
 Songliao Basin
 South China Block
 Taihang Mountains
 Tancheng-Lujiang Fault
 Tangshan China
 Tarim Platform
 Xianshuihe fault zone
 Xichang China
 Xinjiang China
 Xisha Islands
 Xizang China
 Yangtze Platform
 Yangtze River
 Yangtze River valley
 Yangtze Three Gorges
 Yishu Fault
 Yunnan China
 Zhejiang China
RTAltai Mountains
 Anshan Group
 Central Asia
 Brahmaputra River
 Benxi Formation
 Cathaysia
 Changcheng System
 Changzhougou Formation
 Chuanlinggou Formation
 Dengying Formation
 Doushantuo Formation
 Haicheng earthquake 1975
 Haiyuan earthquake 1920
 Huanghua Depress
SNPeoples Republic of China. Before 1993, Manchuria, Eastern China, Northern China, Northwestern China, South-Central China, and Southwestern China were narrower terms.
China Sea  search
BTPacific Ocean
 .North Pacific
 ..Northwest Pacific
 ...China Sea
RTEast China Sea
 South China Sea
 Taiwan Strait
SNBordering on China and divided by Taiwan into East China Sea to N and South China Sea extending to Malaysia in the S. This term has multiple hierarchies. Indexed with seas as applicable.
Chinghai China  search
USEQinghai China
Chingis-Tau  search
BTCommonwealth of Independent States
 .Kazakhstan
 ..Semipalatinsk Kazakhstan
 ...Chingis-Tau
UFChingiz Range
SNMountain range in Semipalatinsk Oblast in E Kazakhstan. This term has multiple hierarchies.
Chingiz Range  search
USEChingis-Tau
Chinji Formation  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Phanerozoic
 ..Cenozoic
 ...Neogene
 ....Miocene
 .....upper Miocene
 ......Chinji Formation
RTTortonian
 Punjab Pakistan
 Siwalik System
 Punjab India
SNLower Siwalik System. Salt Range of Punjab Pakistan and neighboring India. Previously considered Pliocene.
Chinkuashih Mine  search
BTAsia
 .Far East
 ..Taiwan
 ...Chinkuashih Mine
UFKinwashih Mine
RTmines
 copper ores
 gold ores
SNN Taiwan.
Chinkuashih Taiwan  search
BTAsia
 .Far East
 ..Taiwan
 ...Chinkuashih Taiwan
UFKinnashih Taiwan
SNVillage in N Taiwan.
Chinle Formation  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Phanerozoic
 ..Mesozoic
 ...Triassic
 ....Upper Triassic
 .....Chinle Formation
RTNew Mexico
 Utah
 Colorado
 Nevada
 Arizona
 Dockum Group
 Petrified Forest Member
 Shinarump Member
SNIn Dockum Group. N Arizona, SW Colorado, SE Nevada, N New Mexico, S Utah.
Chios  search
BTMediterranean region
 .Aegean Islands
 ..Greek Aegean Islands
 ...Chios
UFKhios
SNIsland department in Aegean Sea off W coast of Turkey. As of 1993, use Chios Greece for the town. Before 1993 also search Chios AND Greece for the town. This term has multiple hierarchies.
Chipola Formation  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Phanerozoic
 ..Cenozoic
 ...Neogene
 ....Miocene
 .....lower Miocene
 ......Chipola Formation
RTAlabama
 Florida
SNIn Alum Bluff Group. SE Alabama and NW Florida.
Chippewa County Michigan  search
BTUnited States
 .Michigan
 ..Michigan Upper Peninsula
 ...Chippewa County Michigan
NTSault Sainte Marie Michigan
SNExtreme E Michigan Upper Peninsula, NE Michigan.
Chippewa County Minnesota  search
BTUnited States
 .Minnesota
 ..Chippewa County Minnesota
Chippewa County Wisconsin  search
BTUnited States
 .Wisconsin
 ..Chippewa County Wisconsin
Chirchik River  search
BTAsia
 .Chirchik River
RTKazakhstan
 Uzbekistan
SNFlows into the Syr Darya at Chinaz. Also search Chirchik. Indexed with former Soviet republics as applicable.
Chirchik Uzbekistan  search
BTAsia
 .Uzbekistan
 ..Tashkent Uzbekistan
 ...Chirchik Uzbekistan
SNCity in Tashkent Oblast in E Uzbekistan. This term has multiple hierarchies.
Chironomidae  search
BTInvertebrata
 .Arthropoda
 ..Mandibulata
 ...Insecta
 ....Pterygota
 .....Neoptera
 ......Endopterygota
 .......Diptera
 ........Chironomidae
SNFamily.
Chiroptera  search
BTChordata
 .Vertebrata
 ..Tetrapoda
 ...Mammalia
 ....Theria
 .....Eutheria
 ......Chiroptera
SNOrder.
Chisago County Minnesota  search
BTUnited States
 .Minnesota
 ..Chisago County Minnesota
Chita Russian Federation  search
BTCommonwealth of Independent States
 .Russian Federation
 ..Chita Russian Federation
BTAsia
 .Chita Russian Federation
NTBalei Russian Federation
 Darasun Russian Federation
 Itaka Russian Federation
 Khapcheranga Russian Federation
 Klichka Russian Federation
 Shilka Valley
 Unda Russian Federation
RTBaikal-Amur Railroad region
 Udokan Series
 Transbaikalia
 Zeya River
 Olekma-Vitim Highlands
 Kodar Range
 Olekma River
SNCity and oblast E of Lake Baikal on the Mongolian and NE Chinese borders. Before 1993, Chita Russian Republic was also used. This term has multiple hierarchies.
Chitaldroog India  search
USEChitradurga India
Chitaldrug India  search
USEChitradurga India
Chitaldrug schist belt  search
USEChitradurga schist belt
chitin  search
RTcuticles
 exoskeletons
 Invertebrata
 organic compounds
 polysaccharides
 tests
SNOrganic compound which is a common constituent of various invertebrate exoskeletons and tests. Added to Thesaurus in 1989.
Chitinozoa  search
BTpalynomorphs
 .Chitinozoa
BTmicrofossils
 .Chitinozoa
SNThis term has multiple hierarchies.
Chitistone Pass  search
BTNorth America
 .Chitistone Pass
RTAlaska
 Yukon Territory
 Saint Elias Mountains
SNIn the Saint Elias Mountains. Indexed with Alaska and/or Yukon Territory as applicable.
Chitradurga India  search
BTAsia
 .Indian Peninsula
 ..India
 ...Karnataka India
 ....Chitradurga India
NTIngaldhal
UFChitaldroog India
 Chitaldrug India
SNDistrict and town in N Karnataka, SW India.
Chitradurga schist belt  search
BTAsia
 .Indian Peninsula
 ..India
 ...Karnataka India
 ....Chitradurga schist belt
UFChitaldrug schist belt
RTDharwar Craton
 Dharwars
SNKarnataka. Crystalline rocks in this area are considered to be Dharwars.
Chitral  search
SNNo longer a valid term for GeoRef. As of 1993, see Chitral Pakistan for the city. As of 1995, use Chitral River if applicable. In Afghanistan, the river is called Konar Dara-ye.
Chitral Pakistan  search
BTAsia
 .Indian Peninsula
 ..Pakistan
 ...North-West Frontier Pakistan
 ....Chitral Pakistan
SNCity, NW Pakistan.
Chittenden County Vermont  search
BTUnited States
 .Vermont
 ..Chittenden County Vermont
SNOn Lake Champlain in NW Vermont.
Chiuzbaia  search
BTEurope
 .Southern Europe
 ..Romania
 ...Transylvania
 ....Maramures Romania
 .....Chiuzbaia
SNRegion in Maramures County in N Transylvania.
Chkalov Russian Federation  search
USEOrenburg Russian Federation
chkalovite  search
BTsilicates
 .framework silicates
 ..chkalovite
chladnite  search
BTmeteorites
 .stony meteorites
 ..achondrites
 ...chladnite
NTNorton County Meteorite
UFaubrite
 enstatite achondrites
SNUsed for enstatite achondrites. Added to Thesaurus in 1981.
chlorapatite  search
BTphosphates
 .chlorapatite
RTapatite
chloride ion  search
BThalogens
 .chlorine
 ..chloride ion
RTions
 chlorides
SNBefore 1978, search chloride.
chlorides  search
BThalides
 .chlorides
NTatacamite
 bideauxite
 bischofite
 boracite
 carnallite
 eudialyte
 halite
 kainite
 mimetite
 paratacamite
 phosgenite
 pyromorphite
 rinneite
 sylvite
 vanadinite
RTcalcium chloride
 chloride ion
 potassium chloride
 sodium chloride
chlorinated hydrocarbons  search
BTorganic compounds
 .halogenated hydrocarbons
 ..chlorinated hydrocarbons
NTcarbon tetrachloride
 chlorobenzene
 chloroform
 DDT
 dibromochloropropane
 hexachlorobenzene
 PCBs
 tetrachloroethylene
 trichloroethane
 trichloroethylene
RTpollutants
 hydrocarbons
 solvents
 dechlorination
 dioxins
 chlorofluorocarbons
 dense nonaqueous phase liquids
 volatile organic compounds
SNAdded to Thesaurus in 1989.
chlorinated phenols  search
USEchlorophenols
chlorine  search
BThalogens
 .chlorine
NTchloride ion
 Cl-36
 Cl-37/Cl-35
UFCl
RTdechlorination
 salt
chlorite  search
BTsilicates
 .sheet silicates
 ..chlorite group
 ...chlorite
RTchloritization
chlorite group  search
BTsilicates
 .sheet silicates
 ..chlorite group
NTchamosite
 chlorite
 clinochlore
 cookeite
 kammererite
 sudoite
chlorite schist  search
BTmetamorphic rocks
 .schists
 ..chlorite schist
chloritization  search
BTmetasomatism
 .chloritization
RTprocesses
 chlorite
chloritoid  search
BTsilicates
 .orthosilicates
 ..nesosilicates
 ...chloritoid
RTaluminosilicates
chlorobenzene  search
BTorganic compounds
 .halogenated hydrocarbons
 ..chlorinated hydrocarbons
 ...chlorobenzene
RTagrochemicals
 hexachlorobenzene
 pesticides
 pollutants
 aromatic hydrocarbons
 solvents
 benzene
SNSolvent.
chlorofluorocarbons  search
BTorganic compounds
 .halogenated hydrocarbons
 ..chlorofluorocarbons
UFCFCs
RTpollutants
 tracers
 greenhouse effect
 chlorinated hydrocarbons
 ozone
chloroform  search
BTorganic compounds
 .halogenated hydrocarbons
 ..chlorinated hydrocarbons
 ...chloroform
UFtrichloromethane
RTinsecticides
 pesticides
 pollutants
 toxic materials
 solvents
 carcinogens
 tracers
 volatiles
SNCHCl
chloropal  search
USEnontronite
chlorophaeite  search
BTsilicates
 .chlorophaeite
chlorophenols  search
BTorganic compounds
 .chlorophenols
NTpentachlorophenol
UFchlorinated phenols
RTagrochemicals
 pesticides
 pollutants
 toxic materials
 phenols
 solvents
 carcinogens
SNUsed in production of pesticides, and as solvents.
chlorophenothane  search
USEDDT
Chlorophyceae  search
BTPlantae
 .algae
 ..Chlorophyta
 ...Chlorophyceae
NTCodiaceae
 Dasycladaceae
 Receptaculitaceae
RTmicrofossils
SNIndexed with microfossils if applicable.
chlorophyll  search
BTorganic compounds
 .pigments
 ..chlorophyll
Chlorophyta  search
BTPlantae
 .algae
 ..Chlorophyta
NTBotryococcus
 Charophyta
 Chlorophyceae
 Desmidiales
 Tasmanites
UFgreen algae
RTmicrofossils
SNIndexed with microfossils if applicable.
Choc Nappe  search
BTEurope
 .Central Europe
 ..Choc Nappe
RTSlovakia
 Slovakian Carpathians
 Veporides
 Western Carpathians
SNW Carpathians, Slovakia. Indexed with country as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1985.
Chocolate Mountains  search
RTArizona
 California
 Imperial County California
 La Paz County Arizona
 Yuma County Arizona
SNMountain range in SE La Paz County, Arizona. Also a mountain range in N central Imperial County, California. Indexed with counties or regions and mountains as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1985.
Choctaw County Alabama  search
BTUnited States
 .Alabama
 ..Choctaw County Alabama
SNSW Alabama.
Choctaw County Mississippi  search
BTUnited States
 .Mississippi
 ..Choctaw County Mississippi
SNCentral Mississippi.
Choctaw County Oklahoma  search
BTUnited States
 .Oklahoma
 ..Choctaw County Oklahoma
SNSE Oklahoma.
Choctawhatchee Bay  search
BTUnited States
 .Florida
 ..Choctawhatchee Bay
RTWalton County Florida
SNInlet of Gulf of Mexico in the Florida Panhandle in NW Florida. Indexed with counties as applicable.
Chokai  search
BTnshu
 .Chokai
UFChokai-san
RTAkita Japan
 volcanoes
 Yamagata Japan
SNMountain and volcano between Yamagata and Akita Prefecture. N Honshu, Japan. Indexed with prefecture as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1989.
Chokai-san  search
USEChokai
Cholame California  search
BTUnited States
 .California
 ..San Luis Obispo County California
 ...Cholame California
SNTown on the Pacific in S California.
Chomolungma  search
USEMount Everest
Chondrichthyes  search
BTChordata
 .Vertebrata
 ..Pisces
 ...Chondrichthyes
NTElasmobranchii
 Eubradyodonti
 Euselachii
 Holocephali
SNClass.
chondrites  search
BTmeteorites
 .stony meteorites
 ..chondrites
NTAshmore Meteorite
 carbonaceous chondrites
 Dhajala Meteorite
 enstatite chondrites
 Fayetteville Meteorite
 H chondrites
 Haviland Meteorite
 HL chondrites
 Jilin Meteorite
 Kaidun Meteorite
 L chondrites
 LL chondrites
 ordinary chondrites
 Saint-Severin Meteorite
 Sharps Meteorite
 Tieschitz Meteorite
 Weston Meteorite
 Ybbsitz Meteorite
RTAcapulco Meteorite
 acapulcoite
 achondrites
 Elephant Moraine Meteorites
 iron meteorites
 stony irons
 Chondrites ichnofossils
 chondrules
Chondrites ichnofossils  search
BTichnofossils
 .Chondrites ichnofossils
RTchondrites
SNUsed to distinguish the ichnofossil from the meteorite.
Chondrostei  search
BTChordata
 .Vertebrata
 ..Pisces
 ...Osteichthyes
 ....Actinopterygii
 .....Chondrostei
NTPalaeonisciformes
SNInfraclass.
chondrules  search
RTchondrites
 meteorites
Chongqing China  search
BTAsia
 .Far East
 ..China
 ...Chongqing China
UFCh'ung-ch'ing China
 Chungking China
RTWufeng Formation
 Yangtze Platform
 Sichuan China
 Yangtze River
 Yangtze Three Gorges
SNMajor city. Included within a newly independent municipality (1997) formed from eastern Sichuan, S central China. Before 1998, also search Sichuan China.
Chopawamsic Formation  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Phanerozoic
 ..Paleozoic
 ...lower Paleozoic
 ....Chopawamsic Formation
RTVirginia
SNE central Virginia. Added to Thesaurus in 1985.
Choptank Formation  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Phanerozoic
 ..Cenozoic
 ...Neogene
 ....Miocene
 .....middle Miocene
 ......Choptank Formation
RTVirginia
 Maryland
 Chesapeake Group
SNIn Chesapeake Group. E Maryland and Virginia.
Choptank River  search
BTUnited States
 .Choptank River
RTMaryland
 Delaware
SNIndexed with states as applicable.
Chor Pakistan  search
BTAsia
 .Indian Peninsula
 ..Pakistan
 ...Sind Pakistan
 ....Chor Pakistan
SNVillage in SE Pakistan.
Chordata  search
NTProtochordata
 Vertebrata
RTHemichordata
chorology  search
USEbiogeography
Chortis Block  search
BTCentral America
 .Chortis Block
RTCosta Rica
 Caribbean region
 Guatemala
 Nicaragua
 El Salvador
 Honduras
SNExtends from SE Guatemala to N Costa Rica, bounded by the Motagua fault zone on the NW and on the SW by the Middle America Trench boundary with the Cocos Plate. Indexed with countries as applicable.
Chorzow Poland  search
BTEurope
 .Central Europe
 ..Poland
 ...Katowice Poland
 ....Chorzow Poland
SNCity in N Katowice, S Poland.
Choshi Japan  search
BTnshu
 .Chiba Japan
 ..Choshi Japan
UFChosi Japan
SNCity in E Chiba Prefecture, SE Honshu, Japan.
Chosi Japan  search
USEChoshi Japan
Choukoutien  search
USEZhoukoudian
Chouteau County Montana  search
BTUnited States
 .Montana
 ..Chouteau County Montana
SNN central Montana.
Chouteau Limestone  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Phanerozoic
 ..Paleozoic
 ...Carboniferous
 ....Mississippian
 .....Lower Mississippian
 ......Chouteau Limestone
RTMissouri
 Illinois
 Kansas
 Kinderhookian
SNKinderhookian or Lower Mississippian. Central and E Missouri, SW Illinois, and Kansas. Underlies Burlington Limestone in Missouri, Sedalia Formation in Illinois; overlies Hannibal Formation in Missouri and Illinois. Indexed with ages as applicable. Added
Chowan County North Carolina  search
BTUnited States
 .North Carolina
 ..Chowan County North Carolina
Chowan River Formation  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Phanerozoic
 ..Cenozoic
 ...Neogene
 ....Pliocene
 .....upper Pliocene
 ......Chowan River Formation
RTVirginia
 North Carolina
 Chesapeake Group
SNIn Chesapeake Group. Added to Thesaurus in 1989.
Choybalsan Mongolia  search
BTAsia
 .Far East
 ..Mongolia
 ...Choybalsan Mongolia
UFKerulen Mongolia
SNTown on Kerulen River in E Mongolia.
Christchurch New Zealand  search
BTAustralasia
 .New Zealand
 ..Canterbury New Zealand
 ...Christchurch New Zealand
RTSouth Island
SNCity on Pacific Ocean in E Canterbury. Also index South Island.
Christian County Illinois  search
BTUnited States
 .Illinois
 ..Christian County Illinois
SNCentral Illinois.
Christian County Kentucky  search
BTUnited States
 .Kentucky
 ..Christian County Kentucky
SNSW Kentucky.
Christian County Missouri  search
BTUnited States
 .Missouri
 ..Christian County Missouri
SNSW Missouri.
Christiansund  search
USEKristiansund Norway
Christmas Island  search
RTIndian Ocean Islands
 Kiribati
 Line Islands
SNAn external territory of Australia, about 225 miles S of W end of Java in the Indian Ocean. Also one of the Line Islands in the central Pacific Ocean, S of Hawaii. Search with appropriate broader terms: Indian Ocean Islands OR Line Islands and Kiribati. I
Christmas Mountains  search
BTUnited States
 .Texas
 ..Christmas Mountains
RTBrewster County Texas
SNIn Big Bend region in SW Texas.
Christopher Formation  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Phanerozoic
 ..Mesozoic
 ...Cretaceous
 ....Lower Cretaceous
 .....Christopher Formation
RTCanada
 Northwest Territories
 Ellef Ringnes Island
SNEllef Ringnes Island in Franklin District.
ChRM  search
SNSee characteristic remanent magnetization.
chromates  search
NTcrocoite
 hemihedrite
RTminerals
chromatograms  search
RTchromatography
 fragmentograms
 gas chromatograms
SNAdded to Thesaurus in 1981.
chromatography  search
UFpaper chromatography
RTadsorption
 spectroscopy
 chemical analysis
 analysis
 ion chromatography
 gas chromatography
 chromatograms
 liquid chromatography
chrome diopside  search
BTsilicates
 .chain silicates
 ..pyroxene group
 ...clinopyroxene
 ....chrome diopside
UFchrome-diopside
RTdiopside
chrome spinel  search
BToxides
 .chrome spinel
UFpicotite
RTspinel
chrome-diopside  search
USEchrome diopside
chromite  search
BToxides
 .chromite
RTchromite ores
 chromitite
 chromium
SNAs of 1981, use chromite ores for chromite as a commodity.
chromite ores  search
BTmetal ores
 .chromite ores
UFchromium ores
RTalpine-type deposits
 chromite
 chromium
 podiform deposits
SNCommodity. See List C.
chromitite  search
BTigneous rocks
 .plutonic rocks
 ..ultramafics
 ...chromitite
RTchromite
chromium  search
BTmetals
 .chromium
NTCr-51
 Cr-53/Cr-52
UFCr
RTchromite ores
 chromite
SNChemical element. Use chromite ores for the commodity; before 1981, chromite was used for that purpose. Use chromite for the mineral.
chromium ores  search
USEchromite ores
chronology  search
RTbiochronology
 geochronology
SNUsed as a general term.
chronosequences  search
RTpedogenesis
 soils
 time factor
Chronostratigraphic Units  search
NTPhanerozoic
 Precambrian
chronostratigraphy  search
RTstratigraphy
SNIndexed with age terms as applicable.
Chryse  search
USEChryse Planitia
Chryse Basin  search
USEChryse Planitia
Chryse Planitia  search
BTMars
 .Chryse Planitia
UFChryse
 Chryse Basin
 Chryse region
SNLow plain on Mars. Added to Thesaurus in 1985.
Chryse region  search
USEChryse Planitia
chrysoberyl  search
BToxides
 .chrysoberyl
RTalexandrite
chrysocolla  search
BTsilicates
 .sheet silicates
 ..chrysocolla
RTcopper ores
 copper minerals
Chrysophyta  search
BTPlantae
 .algae
 ..Chrysophyta
UFgolden-brown algae
RTmicrofossils
SNIncluding golden-brown algae. Indexed with microfossils if applicable.
chrysoprase  search
BTsilicates
 .framework silicates
 ..silica minerals
 ...chrysoprase
RTchalcedony
chrysotile  search
BTsilicates
 .sheet silicates
 ..serpentine group
 ...chrysotile
UFchrysotile asbestos
RTasbestos
 asbestos deposits
chrysotile asbestos  search
USEchrysotile
Chu Kazakhstan  search
BTCommonwealth of Independent States
 .Kazakhstan
 ..Chu Kazakhstan
SNTown in Dzhambul Oblast in S Kazakhstan. This term has multiple hierarchies.
Chu River  search
BTCommonwealth of Independent States
 .Kazakhstan
 ..Chu River
RTChu-Sarysu Depression
SNRiver in Dzhambul Oblast in S Kazakhstan. Before 1995, also search Chu. This term has multiple hierarchies. Added to Thesaurus in 1995.
Chu-Ili Mountains  search
BTCommonwealth of Independent States
 .Kazakhstan
 ..Chu-Ili Mountains
BTAsia
 .Tien Shan
 ..Chu-Ili Mountains
SNBranch of the Tien Shan in Dzhambul Oblast in S Kazakhstan. This term has multiple hierarchies.
Chu-Sarysu Basin  search
USEChu-Sarysu Depression
Chu-Sarysu Depression  search
BTCommonwealth of Independent States
 .Kazakhstan
 ..Chu-Sarysu Depression
UFChu-Sarysu Basin
RTChu River
 Sarysu River
SNThis term has multiple hierarchies. Added to Thesaurus in 1989.
Chuanlinggou Formation  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Precambrian
 ..Chuanlinggou Formation
RTChina
 Changcheng System
SNProterozoic? In Changcheng System. Added to Thesaurus in 1989.
Chuar Group  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Precambrian
 ..Chuar Group
RTArizona
 Jupiter Member
SNGrand Canyon Series. Grand Canyon region in N Arizona.
Chubu Japan  search
BTnshu
 .Chubu Japan
RTAichi Japan
 Tokai Japan
 Japanese Alps
 Nagano Japan
 Shizuoka Japan
 Yamanashi Japan
 Gifu Japan
 Hokuriku
 Niigata Japan
 Fukui Japan
 Ishikawa Japan
 Toyama Japan
SNRegion W-central Honshu. Includes Aichi, Fukui, Gifu, Ishikawa, Nagano, Niigata, Shizuoka, Toyama and Yamanashi prefectures and Hokuriku, Tokai, and Tosan districts. Indexed with prefecture or prefectures as applicable.
Chubut Argentina  search
BTSouth America
 .Argentina
 ..Chubut Argentina
RTPatagonia
SNProvince in S Argentina.
Chuckanut Formation  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Phanerozoic
 ..Cenozoic
 ...Paleogene
 ....Eocene
 .....Chuckanut Formation
RTWashington
 San Juan Islands
SNOverlies schists and igneous rocks. San Juan Islands in NW Washington.
Chudleigh England  search
BTEurope
 .Western Europe
 ..United Kingdom
 ...Great Britain
 ....England
 .....Devonshire England
 ......Chudleigh England
SNTown in Devonshire, SW England.
Chugach Mountains  search
BTUnited States
 .Alaska
 ..Southern Alaska
 ...Chugach Mountains
RTCoast Ranges
 Columbia Glacier
 Martin River Glacier
SNAlong S coast Alaska.
Chugach Terrane  search
RTAlaska
 British Columbia
 Coast Belt
SNCoastal Belt of N British Columbia and Alaska between the Peninsular and Wrangellia terranes and the Prince William Terrane. Indexed with Alaska and/or British Columbia as applicable.
Chugoku  search
BTnshu
 .Chugoku
RTHiroshima Japan
 Okayama Japan
 Shimane Japan
 Tottori Japan
 Yamaguchi Japan
SNRegion of mountains in SW Honshu which contains Hiroshima, Okayama, Shimane, Tottori and Yamaguchi prefectures. Indexed with prefectures as applicable.
Chugwater Formation  search
RTColorado
 Crow Mountain Sandstone
 Montana
 Permian
 Permian-Triassic boundary
 Red Peak Formation
 Triassic
 Wyoming
SNIndexed with ages as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1989.
Chukchi Peninsula  search
BTCommonwealth of Independent States
 .Russian Federation
 ..Chukchi Peninsula
BTAsia
 .Chukchi Peninsula
UFChukot Peninsula
 Chukotka (Peninsula)
 Chukotsk Peninsula
 Chukotski Peninsula
 Chukotskiy Peninsula
RTAnadyr Basin
 Magadan Russian Federation
 Okhotsk-Chukchi
 Wrangel Island
SNNE extremity of Siberia in Chukchi National Okrug of Magadan Oblast. Before 1978, also search Chukchi. As of 1981, term includes Wrangel Island. This term has multiple hierarchies.
Chukchi Range  search
USEAnadyr Range
Chukchi Sea  search
BTArctic Ocean
 .Chukchi Sea
RTBering Strait
 Beringia
SNN of Bering Strait. Between Alaska and Siberia. Before 1978, also search Chukchi.
Chukot Peninsula  search
USEChukchi Peninsula
Chukotka (Peninsula)  search
USEChukchi Peninsula
Chukotsk Peninsula  search
USEChukchi Peninsula
Chukotski Peninsula  search
USEChukchi Peninsula
Chukotskiy Peninsula  search
USEChukchi Peninsula
Chuma River  search
USEUda River
Chumstick Formation  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Phanerozoic
 ..Cenozoic
 ...Paleogene
 ....Eocene
 .....Chumstick Formation
RTWashington
SNAdded to Thesaurus in 1989.
Chungking China  search
USEChongqing China
Chuquicamata Chile  search
BTSouth America
 .Chile
 ..Antofagasta Chile
 ...Chuquicamata Chile
SNMining settlement in N Chile.
Church Stretton England  search
BTEurope
 .Western Europe
 ..United Kingdom
 ...Great Britain
 ....England
 .....Shropshire England
 ......Church Stretton England
SNUrban district in S central Shropshire in W England.
Churchill County Nevada  search
BTUnited States
 .Nevada
 ..Churchill County Nevada
RTCarson River
 Dixie Valley
 Fairview Peak
SNW central Nevada.
Churchill Falls  search
UFGrand Falls (Labrador)
RTLabrador
SNOn Churchill River in SW and S Labrador. As of 1993, use Churchill Falls Newfoundland for the town. The town of Grand Falls Newfoundland is on Newfoundland Island. May occur in other locations. Indexed with Labrador or region as applicable.
Churchill Manitoba  search
BTCanada
 .Western Canada
 ..Manitoba
 ...Churchill Manitoba
RTFort Churchill
SNTown on Hudson Bay in NE Manitoba.
Churchill Province  search
BTNorth America
 .Canadian Shield
 ..Churchill Province
NTCape Smith fold belt
 Rae Province
RTAlberta
 Saskatchewan
 Ontario
 Quebec
 Manitoba
 Northwest Territories
 Athabasca Formation
 Labrador
 Reindeer Zone
 Wyoming Province
SNStructural province of the Canadian Shield. Indexed with Labrador and provinces as applicable.
Chuya Alps  search
BTCommonwealth of Independent States
 .Russian Federation
 ..Chuya Alps
BTAsia
 .Chuya Alps
BTAsia
 .Altai Mountains
 ..Chuya Alps
RTAltai Russian Federation
SNRange in Altai Mountains near the Mongolian and Xinjiang China borders. This term has multiple hierarchies.
Chuya Basin  search
BTCommonwealth of Independent States
 .Russian Federation
 ..Altai Russian Federation
 ...Chuya Basin
SNRiver basin in Altai Kray near the Mongolian and Xinjiang China borders. This term has multiple hierarchies.
Chuya Russian Federation  search
BTCommonwealth of Independent States
 .Russian Federation
 ..Irkutsk Russian Federation
 ...Chuya Russian Federation
SNVillage in NE Irkutsk Oblast near the SW Yakutia border. Before 1993, Chuya Russian Republic was also used. This term has multiple hierarchies.
Chvaletice Czech Republic  search
BTEurope
 .Central Europe
 ..Czech Republic
 ...Bohemia
 ....Chvaletice Czech Republic
RTmines
SNMine site in E Bohemia. Before 1995, Chvaletice Czechoslovakia was also used.