Cr  search
USEchromium
CR chondrites  search
BTmeteorites
 .stony meteorites
 ..chondrites
 ...carbonaceous chondrites
 ....CR chondrites
NTRenazzo Meteorite
RTAcfer Meteorites
 Yamato Meteorites
SNRenazzo type. Class recognized since 1985. Members were formerly assigned to CM2 chondrites. Added to Thesaurus in 1995.
Cr-51  search
BTisotopes
 .radioactive isotopes
 ..Cr-51
BTmetals
 .chromium
 ..Cr-51
SNThis term has multiple hierarchies.
Cr-53/Cr-52  search
BTisotopes
 .stable isotopes
 ..Cr-53/Cr-52
BTmetals
 .chromium
 ..Cr-53/Cr-52
RTisotope ratios
SNThis term has multiple hierarchies.
Crab Orchard Formation  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Phanerozoic
 ..Paleozoic
 ...Silurian
 ....Crab Orchard Formation
RTKentucky
 Ohio
SNLower and Middle Silurian. Kentucky and SW Ohio. Added to Thesaurus in 1989.
Crab Orchard Mountain Group  search
USECrab Orchard Mountains Group
Crab Orchard Mountains Group  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Phanerozoic
 ..Paleozoic
 ...Carboniferous
 ....Pennsylvanian
 .....Lower Pennsylvanian
 ......Crab Orchard Mountains Group
UFCrab Orchard Mountain Group
RTGeorgia
 Tennessee
SNNW Georgia and E Tennessee. Added to Thesaurus in 1989.
cracks  search
NTmicrocracks
RTfatigue
 fissures
 fractures
 open fractures
 rock mechanics
Cracow Poland  search
BTEurope
 .Central Europe
 ..Poland
 ...Cracow Poland
NTKrzeszowice Poland
 Miechow Poland
 Pilica Poland
 Podhale
 Wieliczka Poland
UFKrakow Poland
RTAndrychow Poland
 Cracow-Czestochowa Jura
 Nowy Targ Poland
SNProvince and city in S Poland.
Cracow-Czestochowa Jura  search
BTEurope
 .Central Europe
 ..Poland
 ...Cracow-Czestochowa Jura
UFKrakow-Czestochowa Jura
RTCracow Poland
 Katowice Poland
 Czestochowa Poland
SNMountain range in S Poland between Cracow and Czestochowa. Added to Thesaurus in 1989.
Crai  search
SNNo longer a valid term for GeoRef. See Padurea Craiului Mountains.
Craig County Oklahoma  search
BTUnited States
 .Oklahoma
 ..Craig County Oklahoma
Craig County Virginia  search
BTUnited States
 .Virginia
 ..Craig County Virginia
Craighead County Arkansas  search
BTUnited States
 .Arkansas
 ..Craighead County Arkansas
crandallite  search
BTphosphates
 .crandallite
RTgoyazite
Crane County Texas  search
BTUnited States
 .Texas
 ..Crane County Texas
RTCentral Basin Platform
SNW Central Texas.
crania (skulls)  search
USEcraniums
craniums  search
UFbrain cases
 braincases
 crania (skulls)
RTmorphology
 anatomy
 skulls
SNAlso index skulls.
Crassostrea virginica  search
BTInvertebrata
 .Mollusca
 ..Bivalvia
 ...Ostreacea
 ....Ostreidae
 .....Crassostrea virginica
SNSpecies.
Crater Flat Tuff  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Phanerozoic
 ..Cenozoic
 ...Neogene
 ....Miocene
 .....Crater Flat Tuff
RTNevada
 Bullfrog Member
SNS Nevada. Includes Bullfrog Member and Tram Member. Added to Thesaurus in 1989.
Crater Lake  search
RTKlamath County Oregon
 Mount Mazama
 New Zealand
 North Island
 Ruapehu
 Oregon
SNIn Cascade Range in Klamath County in SW Oregon. Also in numerous other locations. Indexed with county or island and country or region as applicable.
crater lakes  search
BTlakes
 .crater lakes
RTcraters
 meteor craters
 lacustrine features
 volcanic features
 calderas
 cauldrons
 collapse structures
 subsidence
 lava lakes
SNAlso index lacustrine features as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1993.
Crater Mound  search
USEMeteor Crater
Cratere du Noveau Quebec  search
USENew Quebec Crater
cratering  search
RTcraters
 cryptoexplosion features
 earthquakes
 geomorphology
 impact features
 resurfacing
 spalling
craters  search
RTastroblemes
 calderas
 catenas
 crater lakes
 cratering
 cryptoexplosion features
 geomorphology
 impact features
 impacts
 lunar craters
 maars
 meteor craters
 microcraters
 Moon
 volcanic features
 volcanology
Craters of the Moon  search
BTUnited States
 .Idaho
 ..Craters of the Moon
RTnational monuments
 Blaine County Idaho
 Butte County Idaho
SNNational Monument. SW Butte and NE Blaine counties, S central Idaho. Indexed with counties as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1989.
cratons  search
RTcontinental margin
 continents
 crust
 forelands
 intracratonic basins
 shields
 supercontinents
 tectonic platforms
 tectonic units
 tectonics
Craven County North Carolina  search
BTUnited States
 .North Carolina
 ..Craven County North Carolina
RTNeuse River
SNOn both sides of the Neuse River in E North Carolina.
Crawford County Arkansas  search
BTUnited States
 .Arkansas
 ..Crawford County Arkansas
SNNW Arkansas.
Crawford County Georgia  search
BTUnited States
 .Georgia
 ..Crawford County Georgia
SNCentral Georgia.
Crawford County Illinois  search
BTUnited States
 .Illinois
 ..Crawford County Illinois
SNSE Illinois.
Crawford County Indiana  search
BTIndiana
 .Crawford County Indiana
SNS Indiana.
Crawford County Iowa  search
BTUnited States
 .Iowa
 ..Crawford County Iowa
SNW Iowa.
Crawford County Kansas  search
BTUnited States
 .Kansas
 ..Crawford County Kansas
SNSE Kansas.
Crawford County Michigan  search
BTUnited States
 .Michigan
 ..Michigan Lower Peninsula
 ...Crawford County Michigan
SNN central Michigan.
Crawford County Missouri  search
BTUnited States
 .Missouri
 ..Crawford County Missouri
SNE central Missouri.
Crawford County Ohio  search
BTUnited States
 .Ohio
 ..Crawford County Ohio
RTSandusky River basin
SNN central Ohio.
Crawford County Pennsylvania  search
BTUnited States
 .Pennsylvania
 ..Crawford County Pennsylvania
SNNW Pennsylvania.
Crawford County Wisconsin  search
BTUnited States
 .Wisconsin
 ..Crawford County Wisconsin
SNSW Wisconsin.
Crawford Thrust  search
BTUnited States
 .Crawford Thrust
RTIdaho
 Wyoming
SNE Idaho and W Wyoming. Indexed with states as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1989.
Crazy Mountain Basin  search
USECrazy Mountains Basin
Crazy Mountains  search
RTAlaska
 East-Central Alaska
 Montana
 Park County Montana
 U. S. Rocky Mountains
SNRange of the Rocky Mountains in central Montana. Also occurs approximately 60 miles NE of Fairbanks, Alaska. Indexed with U. S. Rocky Mountains and counties and/or Montana; OR East-Central Alaska as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1989.
Crazy Mountains Basin  search
BTUnited States
 .Montana
 ..Crazy Mountains Basin
UFCrazy Mountain Basin
RTMeagher County Montana
 Park County Montana
 Sweet Grass County Montana
SNS central Montana. Indexed with counties as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1989.
CREAMS  search
UFChemicals, Runoff and Erosion from Agricultural Management Systems
RTerosion
 environmental geology
 soils
 agrochemicals
 GLEAMS
 computer programs
 models
 runoff
 soil erosion
 soil management
 water erosion
SNModel. Precursor to GLEAMS.
creationism  search
UFscientific creationism
RTeducation
 biologic evolution
 paleontology
 geology
 catastrophism
 uniformitarianism
 life origin
 philosophy
SNAdded to Thesaurus in 1985.
Cree Lake  search
BTCanada
 .Western Canada
 ..Saskatchewan
 ...Cree Lake
SNN Saskatchewan. Added to Thesaurus in 1981.
Creede Caldera  search
BTUnited States
 .Colorado
 ..Mineral County Colorado
 ...Creede Caldera
BTUnited States
 .U. S. Rocky Mountains
 ..San Juan Mountains
 ...Creede Caldera
RTvolcanoes
 Creede Formation
 San Juan volcanic field
SNSan Juan volcanic field, SW Colorado. This term has multiple hierarchies.
Creede Colorado  search
BTUnited States
 .Colorado
 ..Mineral County Colorado
 ...Creede Colorado
SNTown in SW Colorado.
Creede District  search
USECreede mining district
Creede Formation  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Phanerozoic
 ..Cenozoic
 ...Paleogene
 ....Oligocene
 .....Creede Formation
RTColorado
 Creede Caldera
 San Juan Mountains
SNSan Juan Mountains province, SW Colorado.
Creede mining district  search
BTUnited States
 .Colorado
 ..Mineral County Colorado
 ...Creede mining district
UFCreede District
RTmines
SNMining district in SW Colorado. Added to Thesaurus in 1993.
Creek County Oklahoma  search
BTUnited States
 .Oklahoma
 ..Creek County Oklahoma
creep  search
UFcreeping
 rock creep
RTmantle
 slope stability
 soils
 active faults
 permafrost
 geomorphology
 deformation
 mechanical properties
 mass movements
 landslides
 stress
 etching
 dislocation creep
 elastic limit
 elastic strain
 relaxation
 slumping
 solifluction
SNAlso index mass movements as applicable.
creeping  search
USEcreep
Creil France  search
BTEurope
 .Western Europe
 ..France
 ...Oise France
 ....Creil France
SNTown N of Paris, N France.
Crenshaw County Alabama  search
BTUnited States
 .Alabama
 ..Crenshaw County Alabama
crenulation cleavage  search
USEslip cleavage
Creodonta  search
BTChordata
 .Vertebrata
 ..Tetrapoda
 ...Mammalia
 ....Theria
 .....Eutheria
 ......Creodonta
SNOrder.
creosote  search
RTorganic compounds
 pollutants
 pollution
 waste disposal
SNAdded to Thesaurus in 1989.
Crescent Formation  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Phanerozoic
 ..Cenozoic
 ...Paleogene
 ....Eocene
 .....Crescent Formation
RTWashington
SNNW Washington. Added to Thesaurus in 1985.
Crested Butte Colorado  search
BTUnited States
 .Colorado
 ..Gunnison County Colorado
 ...Crested Butte Colorado
SNTown in W central Colorado.
Crestmore  search
RTRiverside County California
SNArea in Riverside County, S California. Indexed with county or regions as applicable.
Cretaceous  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Phanerozoic
 ..Mesozoic
 ...Cretaceous
NTLower Cretaceous
 Upper Cretaceous
 Alisitos Formation
 Asu River Group
 Benton Formation
 Blairmore Group
 Bulldog Shale
 Calera Limestone
 Chatsworth Formation
 Colorado Group
 Columbian Orogeny
 Comanchean
 Dakota Formation
 Eureka Sound Formation
 Gosau Formation
 Graneros Shale
 Hatteras Formation
 Judea Group
 Kuskokwim Group
 Lower Greensand
 Mancos Shale
 Middle Cretaceous
 Mishash Formation
 Nanushuk Group
 Nenjiang Formation
 Potomac Group
 Qingshankou Formation
 Quantou Formation
 Robles Formation
 Santana Formation
 Shiranish Formation
 Tananao Schist
 Toolebuc Formation
 Valdez Group
 Viking Formation
 Vraconian
 Weald Clay
 Whitemud Formation
 Yacoraite Formation
RTNubian Sandstone
 Ionian Zone
 Brianconnais Zone
 Franciscan Complex
 Coast plutonic complex
 Laramide Orogeny
 Great Valley Sequence
 Lucas Formation
 Maiolica Limestone
 Mardin Formation
 Mist Mountain Formation
 Muro Group
 Paskapoo Formation
 Peace
SNAbove Jurassic, below Tertiary.
Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary  search
USEK-T boundary
Crete  search
BTEurope
 .Southern Europe
 ..Greece
 ...Crete
RTHellenides
 Mediterranean Sea
 Hellenic Arc
SNAdministrative region and island in E Mediterranean Sea.
Creuse France  search
BTEurope
 .Western Europe
 ..France
 ...Creuse France
RTMillevaches Plateau
SNDepartment in central France.
Crevasse Canyon Formation  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Phanerozoic
 ..Mesozoic
 ...Cretaceous
 ....Upper Cretaceous
 .....Crevasse Canyon Formation
RTNew Mexico
 Mesaverde Group
SNIn Mesaverde Group. NW New Mexico. Added to Thesaurus in 1985.
crevasses  search
SNSee fissures and rupture.
CRIB  search
UFComputerized Resources Information Bank
RTdata processing
 U. S. Geological Survey
 information systems
 geography
 data bases
 geodetic coordinates
SNAcronym. Later changed to MRDS (Mineral Resources Data System). Added to Thesaurus in 1985.
Cricetidae  search
BTChordata
 .Vertebrata
 ..Tetrapoda
 ...Mammalia
 ....Theria
 .....Eutheria
 ......Rodentia
 .......Myomorpha
 ........Cricetidae
NTMicrotus
 Mimomys
 Neotoma
 Pliomys
SNFamily.
Crimea Ukraine  search
BTEurope
 .Ukraine
 ..Crimea Ukraine
NTBakhchisarai Ukraine
 Crimean Mountains
 Crimean Plain
 Kerch Peninsula
 Kerch Ukraine
 Simferopol Ukraine
 Sivash
 Tarkhankut Peninsula
 Yalta Ukraine
UFKrym Ukraine
RTAlma River
 Azov region
 Russian Platform
 Krymka Meteorite
 Maikop Series
SNAutonomous republic and region jutting into the Black Sea. This term has multiple hierarchies.
Crimean Mountains  search
BTEurope
 .Ukraine
 ..Crimea Ukraine
 ...Crimean Mountains
SNRange in S Crimea along Black Sea Coast. This term has multiple hierarchies.
Crimean Plain  search
BTEurope
 .Ukraine
 ..Crimea Ukraine
 ...Crimean Plain
SNDry, level steppe covering the northern 80% of Crimean Peninsula. This term has multiple hierarchies.
crinanite  search
BTigneous rocks
 .volcanic rocks
 ..basalts
 ...alkali basalts
 ....crinanite
Criner Hills  search
BTUnited States
 .Oklahoma
 ..Criner Hills
SNS central Oklahoma. Added to Thesaurus in 1985.
Crinoidea  search
BTInvertebrata
 .Echinodermata
 ..Crinozoa
 ...Crinoidea
NTInadunata
Crinozoa  search
BTInvertebrata
 .Echinodermata
 ..Crinozoa
NTBlastoidea
 Crinoidea
 Cystoidea
 Eocrinoidea
 Lepidocystoidea
 Parablastoidea
 Paracrinoidea
UFPelmatozoa
Cripple Creek Colorado  search
BTUnited States
 .Colorado
 ..Teller County Colorado
 ...Cripple Creek Colorado
SNCity in central Colorado.
Crisana-Maramures  search
BTEurope
 .Southern Europe
 ..Romania
 ...Transylvania
 ....Crisana-Maramures
RTMaramures Romania
SNHistorical province in NW Transylvania.
Crisp County Georgia  search
BTUnited States
 .Georgia
 ..Crisp County Georgia
cristobalite  search
BTsilicates
 .framework silicates
 ..silica minerals
 ...cristobalite
RTquartz
 opal-CT
 tridymite
critic  search
critical flow  search
RThydraulics
 hydrodynamics
 hydrology
 laminar flow
 turbulence
SNAdded to Thesaurus in 1982.
critical load  search
RTacid rain
 acidification
 air
 aluminum
 ecology
 ecosystems
 loading
 metals
 nitrate ion
 nitrogen
 pH
 pollution
 sulfate ion
 sulfur
SNMeasure of acid deposition which will not cause long term damage to ecosystems. Indexed with elements or ions discussed.
critical review  search
RTreview
SNAdded to Thesaurus in 1981.
Crittenden County Arkansas  search
BTUnited States
 .Arkansas
 ..Crittenden County Arkansas
SNE Arkansas.
Crittenden County Kentucky  search
BTUnited States
 .Kentucky
 ..Crittenden County Kentucky
SNW Kentucky.
CRM  search
USEchemical remanent magnetization
Croatan Formation  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Phanerozoic
 ..Cenozoic
 ...Croatan Formation
RTPliocene
 Pleistocene
 North Carolina
SNE North Carolina. Indexed with ages as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1989.
Croatia  search
BTEurope
 .Southern Europe
 ..Croatia
NTLimski Channel
 Split Croatia
 Velebit Mountains
UFHrvatska Republika
RTAdriatic region
 Yugoslavia
 Dalmatia
 Mediterranean region
 Alps
 Balkan Peninsula
 Dinaric Alps
 Eastern Alps
 Limestone Alps
 Pannonian Basin
 Neretva Valley
 Osogovo Mountains
 Istria
 Karst region
SNW Balkan Peninsula, along the NE Adriatic Sea. Before 1995, Yugoslavia was a broader term.
crocidolite  search
BTsilicates
 .chain silicates
 ..amphibole group
 ...clinoamphibole
 ....crocidolite
UFkrokidolite
RTriebeckite
SNVariety of riebeckite.
Crockett County Tennessee  search
BTUnited States
 .Tennessee
 ..Crockett County Tennessee
Crockett County Texas  search
BTUnited States
 .Texas
 ..Crockett County Texas
Crocodile River basin  search
USELimpopo Basin
Crocodilia  search
BTChordata
 .Vertebrata
 ..Tetrapoda
 ...Reptilia
 ....Diapsida
 .....Archosauria
 ......Crocodilia
NTCrocodylidae
 Teleosauridae
SNOrder.
Crocodylidae  search
BTChordata
 .Vertebrata
 ..Tetrapoda
 ...Reptilia
 ....Diapsida
 .....Archosauria
 ......Crocodilia
 .......Crocodylidae
SNFamily.
crocoite  search
BTchromates
 .crocoite
Cromerian  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Phanerozoic
 ..Cenozoic
 ...Quarternary
 ....Pleistocene
 .....Upper Pleistocene
 ......Cromerian
NTSouth Polish Glaciation
SNGlaciation. Europe.
Crook County Oregon  search
BTUnited States
 .Oregon
 ..Crook County Oregon
SNCentral Oregon.
Crook County Wyoming  search
BTUnited States
 .Wyoming
 ..Crook County Wyoming
RTBlack Hills
SNNE Wyoming.
Crooked Creek Formation  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Phanerozoic
 ..Cenozoic
 ...Quarternary
 ....Pleistocene
 .....Crooked Creek Formation
RTOklahoma
 Kansas
SNIn Meade Group. Southwestern Kansas and northwestern Oklahoma.
Crosby County Texas  search
BTUnited States
 .Texas
 ..Crosby County Texas
Cross County Arkansas  search
BTUnited States
 .Arkansas
 ..Cross County Arkansas
cross folds  search
USEsuperposed folds
cross fractures  search
BTfractures
 .cross fractures
UFcross joints
RTjoints
 cleats
SNBefore 1978, search cross AND (fractures or joints).
cross joints  search
USEcross fractures
Cross Lake  search
RTFinger Lakes
 Manitoba
 New York
SNW central New York; also in central Manitoba. Indexed with New York or Manitoba as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1989.
cross sections  search
NTbalanced cross sections
UFcross-sections
RTstratigraphy
 borehole sections
 pit sections
 polished sections
 stratigraphic columns
 thin sections
 type sections
SNFrom 1978-1992, also search sections. Added to Thesaurus in 1993.
cross-bedding  search
BTsedimentary structures
 .planar bedding structures
 ..cross-bedding
UFcrossbedding
RTbedding
 laminations
 cross-laminations
 cross-stratification
cross-correlation  search
USEcrosscorrelation
cross-hole methods  search
USEcrosshole methods
cross-laminations  search
BTsedimentary structures
 .planar bedding structures
 ..cross-laminations
UFdiagonal lamination
RTcross-bedding
 laminations
 cross-stratification
 ripple drift-cross laminations
cross-sections  search
USEcross sections
cross-stratification  search
BTsedimentary structures
 .planar bedding structures
 ..cross-stratification
RTcross-bedding
 stratification
 cross-laminations
 hummocky cross-stratification
crossbedding  search
USEcross-bedding
crosscorrelation  search
BTstatistical analysis
 .crosscorrelation
UFcross-correlation
RTmathematical geology
 mathematical methods
 autocorrelation
 geostatistics
SNAdded to Thesaurus in 1985.
crosshole methods  search
UFcross-hole methods
RTgeophysical methods
 seismic methods
 electrical methods
 resistivity
 boreholes
 electromagnetic methods
 tomography
SNAdded to Thesaurus in 1993.
crossite  search
BTsilicates
 .chain silicates
 ..amphibole group
 ...clinoamphibole
 ....crossite
RTglaucophane
Crossopterygii  search
BTChordata
 .Vertebrata
 ..Pisces
 ...Osteichthyes
 ....Sarcopterygii
 .....Crossopterygii
NTActinistia
 Rhipidistia
SNOrder.
Crow Mountain Sandstone  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Phanerozoic
 ..Mesozoic
 ...Triassic
 ....Upper Triassic
 .....Crow Mountain Sandstone
RTWyoming
 Chugwater Formation
SNIn Chugwater Formation. NW Wyoming. Added to Thesaurus in 1995.
Crow Wing County Minnesota  search
BTUnited States
 .Minnesota
 ..Crow Wing County Minnesota
Crowley County Colorado  search
BTUnited States
 .Colorado
 ..Crowley County Colorado
Crowsnest Pass  search
BTCanada
 .Western Canada
 ..British Columbia
 ...Crowsnest Pass
SNIn SE British Columbia.
Crozet Islands  search
BTIndian Ocean Islands
 .Crozet Islands
SNFive small French islands SE of South Africa.
Crozon Peninsula  search
BTEurope
 .Western Europe
 ..France
 ...Finistere France
 ....Crozon Peninsula
SNS of Brest in Brittany in W France.
CRPG  search
BTgovernment agencies
 .CRPG
UFCentre de Recherches Petrographiques et Geochimiques
RTFrance
 CNRS
SNAcronym. Located in Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France. Added to Thesaurus in 1985.
crude oil  search
RThydrocarbons
 oil spills
 organic compounds
 petroleum
 volatile organic compounds
SNThis term is used for petroleum after it has left the ground. It occurs infrequently in GeoRef, largely in the context of pollution and production. For studies of oil before it leaves the ground, see petroleum. For discussions of oil resources and reserve
crushed stone  search
BTconstruction materials
 .crushed stone
UFstone, crushed
RTaggregate
 gravel deposits
 weathering
 conservation
 building stone
 granite deposits
 limestone deposits
 marble deposits
 sandstone deposits
SNIncludes use both as a commodity term and an engineering material. See List C for use as a commodity.
crust  search
NTcontinental crust
 lower crust
 middle crust
 oceanic crust
 upper crust
RTasthenosphere
 basaltic layer
 basement
 Conrad discontinuity
 core
 cratons
 crustal shortening
 crustal thickening
 crustal thinning
 delamination
 discontinuities
 Earth
 earthquakes
 encrustations
 epeirogeny
 geophysics
 geosynclines
 geothermal gradient
 granitic lay
SNUsed for the large-scale Earth's crust, and the crust of the planets and their satellites. As of 1981, for the crust of the Moon, use lunar crust. Also search crusts. For thin surface crusts, see weathering crust, encrustations, rock varnish.
crust, weathering  search
USEweathering crust
Crustacea  search
BTInvertebrata
 .Arthropoda
 ..Mandibulata
 ...Crustacea
NTBranchiopoda
 Cirripedia
 Copepoda
 Malacostraca
 Ostracoda
RTTrilobita
crustal shortening  search
UFshortening, crustal
RTtectonics
 plate tectonics
 crust
 thrust faults
 transpression
 crustal thickening
 gravity sliding
SNBefore 1978, also search shortening AND crustal.
crustal structure  search
SNNot a valid term for GeoRef. Use crust.
crustal studies  search
SNNot a valid term for GeoRef. Use crust.
crustal thickening  search
RTcrust
 crustal shortening
 crustal thinning
 delamination
 lithosphere
 lower crust
 neotectonics
 plate tectonics
 tectonics
 thick-skinned tectonics
 thickness
 undation
 upper crust
SNAdded to Thesaurus in 1995.
crustal thinning  search
RTcrust
 crustal thickening
 plate tectonics
 tectonics
 tectonophysics
 thickness
 thin-skinned tectonics
SNAdded to Thesaurus in 1993.
Cruziana  search
BTichnofossils
 .Cruziana
RTTrilobita
Cryogenian  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Precambrian
 ..Proterozoic
 ...Neoproterozoic
 ....Cryogenian
cryogeology  search
SNUse glacial geology or permafrost as applicable.
cryokarst  search
USEthermokarst
cryolite  search
BThalides
 .fluorides
 ..cryolite
RTcryolite deposits
SNAs of 1981, use cryolite deposits for cryolite as a commodity.
cryolite deposits  search
RTcryolite
 fluorspar
SNCommodity. See List C.
cryopedology  search
RTengineering geology
 frost action
 glacial geology
 periglacial features
 permafrost
Cryosols  search
BTsoils
 .Cryosols
cryotectonics  search
USEglaciotectonics
cryoturbation  search
UFcongeliturbation
 frost churning
 frost stirring
 geliturbation
RTrock mechanics
 soil mechanics
 congelifraction
 frost action
 frost heaving
 patterned ground
 periglacial features
cryptoexplosion features  search
NTshatter cones
UFcryptoexplosion structures
 features, cryptoexplosion
RTgeomorphology
 impact features
 craters
 impact craters
 meteor craters
 planar deformation features
 explosions
 suevite
 Charlevoix
 cratering
 impacts
 impactite
 Manicouagan Crater
 shock metamorphism
 zhamanshinite
SNBefore 1973, also search cryptoexplosion structures. Used for structures formed by the explosive release of energy, that exhibit intense rock deformation, and that show no obvious genetic relation to volcanism, tectonics, or meteorite impact.
cryptoexplosion structures  search
USEcryptoexplosion features
cryptogam  search
SNNot a valid GeoRef index term after 1969. Now use thallophytes, Bryophyta or Pteridophyta as applicable.
Cryptolithus  search
BTInvertebrata
 .Arthropoda
 ..Trilobitomorpha
 ...Trilobita
 ....Ptychopariida
 .....Cryptolithus
SNGenus.
cryptomelane  search
BToxides
 .cryptomelane
RTmanganese minerals
cryptoperthite  search
BTsilicates
 .framework silicates
 ..feldspar group
 ...alkali feldspar
 ....cryptoperthite
RTperthite
Cryptostomata  search
BTInvertebrata
 .Bryozoa
 ..Cryptostomata
NTFenestellidae
 Rhabdomesidae
crystal chemistry  search
UFmineral chemistry
 stereochemistry
RTgeochemistry
 chemical analysis
 clay mineralogy
 ion exchange
 crystal structure
 crystal systems
 crystallography
 bonding
 lattice parameters
 crystal growth
 electron microscopy
 crystal field
 coordination
 crystal zoning
 exsolution
 grain boundaries
 isomorphism
 m
SNUsed for the relations among chemical composition, structure and properties of crystals.
crystal defects  search
SNNot a valid term for GeoRef. See defects, point defects, crystal dislocations, or surface defects, if applicable.
crystal dislocations  search
UFline defects
RTminerals
 crystal structure
 crystal growth
 crystals
 defects
 point defects
 surface defects
SNBefore 1981, also search dislocations AND minerals. Added to Thesaurus in 1981.
crystal field  search
UFfield, crystal
RTminerals
 symmetry
 crystal structure
 optical properties
 crystal chemistry
 color
SNInteractions of individual atoms and their respective electron configurations, which, collectively, influence crystal structure and properties.
crystal form  search
UFform, crystal
RTcrystal systems
 crystal growth
 goniometry
 habit
crystal fractionation  search
UFgravitational differentiation
RTmagmas
 chemical fractionation
 fractional crystallization
 crystallization
 magmatic differentiation
 segregation
SNRefers to differentiation of magmas resulting from the floating or settling, under gravity, of mineral crystals being formed. Also see fractional crystallization. Added to Thesaurus in 1993.
crystal growth  search
RTclay mineralogy
 crystal chemistry
 crystal dislocations
 crystal form
 crystal structure
 crystal zoning
 crystallography
 electron microscopy
 epitaxy
 fluid inclusions
 geochemistry
 grain boundaries
 growth
 growth spirals
 habit
 inclusions
 intergrowths
 lattice par
SNUsed for studies on natural or artificial growth of crystals.
crystal habit  search
USEhabit
crystal lattice  search
USElattice
Crystal River Formation  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Phanerozoic
 ..Cenozoic
 ...Paleogene
 ....Eocene
 .....Crystal River Formation
RTFlorida
 Ocala Group
SNIn Ocala Group. N and W Florida.
crystal structure  search
UFcrystalline structure
RTclay mineralogy
 crystallinity
 atomic packing
 crystal systems
 crystallography
 etching
 bonding
 cell dimensions
 crystal chemistry
 crystal growth
 crystal field
 color centers
 exsolution
 crystal dislocations
 defects
 goniometry
 growth spirals
 fluorite structure
SNUsed for the internal structure of a crystal. Also search atomic structure.
crystal systems  search
NThexagonal system
 monoclinic system
 orthorhombic system
 triclinic system
RTatomic packing
 crystal chemistry
 crystal form
 crystal structure
 crystallography
 crystals
 lattice
 minerals
 symmetry
 unit cell
SNAdded to Thesaurus in 1983.
crystal zoning  search
RTcrystal chemistry
 crystal growth
 crystallization
 crystallography
 crystals
 fractional crystallization
 grain boundaries
 magmas
 magmatic differentiation
 mineralogy
 minerals
 petrography
 phase equilibria
 reaction rims
 zoning
SNSee zoning. Before 1982, also search zoning; zonation; zones. Before 1975, also search mineral zoning. Added to Thesaurus in 1982.
crystal, quartz  search
USEquartz crystal
crystalline limestone  search
USEmarbles
crystalline rocks  search
RTigneous rocks
 metamorphic rocks
 rocks
 symplectite
SNUsed only when rocks cannot be distinguished as igneous or metamorphic.
crystalline structure  search
USEcrystal structure
crystallinity  search
RTamorphous materials
 clay mineralogy
 crystal structure
 diagenesis
 illite
SNDegree to which a clay mineral, such as illite, is crystalline.
crystallites  search
RTmagmas
 volcanic glass
crystallization  search
RTcrystal fractionation
 crystal zoning
 crystals
 fractional crystallization
 genesis
 granitization
 intergrowths
 intrusions
 lithification
 magmas
 magmatic differentiation
 precipitation
 reaction rims
 recrystallization
 thermochronology
 water of crystallization
crystallization magnetization  search
USEchemical remanent magnetization
crystallization remanent magnetization  search
USEchemical remanent magnetization
crystallography  search
RTatomic packing
 Brillouin spectra
 clay mineralogy
 color centers
 crystal chemistry
 crystal growth
 crystal structure
 crystal systems
 crystal zoning
 crystals
 defects
 electron microscopy
 geochemistry
 goniometry
 grain boundaries
 growth spirals
 hexagonal system
SNUsed for general studies on the discipline of crystallography as a whole.
crystals  search
RTcrystal dislocations
 crystal systems
 crystal zoning
 crystallization
 crystallography
 defects
 grain boundaries
 intergrowths
 minerals
 phenocrysts
 piezoelectric properties
 point defects
 reaction rims
 resorption
 surface defects
 xenocrysts
SNUsed as a general term.