Search SEDIS

Thesaurus

As
USE	arsenic

Asal Rift
UF	Asal-Ghoubbat Rift
	Asal-Ghoubbet Rift
RT	Djibouti
	Gulf of Tadjoura
SN	Rift zone, central Djibouti and Gulf of Tadjoura. Indexed with Djibouti and/or Gulf of Tadjoura as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1985.

Asal-Ghoubbat Rift
USE	Asal Rift

Asal-Ghoubbet Rift
USE	Asal Rift

Asama
BT	nshu
	.Asama
UF	Asama Volcano
	Asamayama
	Mount Asama
	Mt. Asama
RT	Nagano Japan
	volcanoes
	Gumma Japan
SN	Active volcano on W Gumma and E Nagano prefecture border, 85 miles NW of Tokyo. Also search Mount Asama. After 1993, use Asama Japan for the place in Nagano prefecture. Indexed with prefecture or prefectures as applicable.

Asama Volcano
USE	Asama

Asamayama
USE	Asama

Asaphidae
BT	Invertebrata
	.Arthropoda
	..Trilobitomorpha
	...Trilobita
	....Ptychopariida
	.....Asaphidae
SN	Family.

asbestos
BT	silicates
	.asbestos
RT	actinolite
	chain silicates
	amphibole group
	amosite
	anthophyllite
	sheet silicates
	asbestos deposits
	chrysotile
SN	As of 1981, use asbestos deposits for asbestos as a commodity.

asbestos deposits
RT	asbestos
	chrysotile
	insulation materials
	Thetford Mines
SN	Commodity. See List C.

Asbian
BT	Chronostratigraphic Units
	.Phanerozoic
	..Paleozoic
	...Carboniferous
	....Dinantian
	.....Asbian
SN	Europe. Added to Thesaurus in 1989.

asbolane
USE	asbolite

asbolite
BT	oxides
	.asbolite
UF	asbolane
RT	manganese oxides

Ascension Island
BT	Atlantic Ocean Islands
	.Ascension Island
RT	Atlantic Ocean
SN	British possession 700 miles NW of Saint Helena.

Ascension Parish Louisiana
BT	United States
	.Louisiana
	..Ascension Parish Louisiana

ascharite
USE	szaibelyite

Aschersleben Germany
BT	Europe
	.Central Europe
	..Germany
	...Saxony-Anhalt Germany
	....Aschersleben Germany
SN	City in Saxony-Anhalt, E central Germany. Before 1993, Aschersleben was used with Halle Bezirk.

aschynite
USE	aeschynite

Ascoli Piceno Italy
BT	Europe
	.Southern Europe
	..Italy
	...Marches Italy
	....Ascoli Piceno Italy
SN	Town and province in S Marches.

Ascraeus Mons
BT	Mars
	.Ascraeus Mons
RT	volcanoes
	Tharsis
	Tharsis Montes
SN	Shield volcano on Mars. Added to Thesaurus in 1989.

ASEAN
UF	Association of South East Asian Nations
RT	associations
	international cooperation
	Indonesia
	Brunei
	Malaysia
	Philippine Islands
	Singapore
	Thailand
SN	Acronym. In 1985, Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippine Islands, Singapore and Thailand were members. Added to Thesaurus in 1981.

aseismic design
RT	design
	engineering geology
	seismic response
SN	Added to Thesaurus in 1981.

aseismic margins
RT	continental margin
	passive margins
	plate tectonics
SN	Added to Thesaurus in 1981.

aseismic ridges
RT	microcontinents
	mid-ocean ridges
SN	Before 1978, search aseismic.

ash

ash clouds
UF	clouds, ash
	dust clouds (volcanic)
	eruption clouds
	volcanic clouds
RT	volcanism
	atmosphere
	aircraft
	geologic hazards
	volcanic risk
	climate
	stratosphere
	volcanology
SN	Before 1985, also search dust clouds and volcanology.

ash content
RT	analysis
	ash
	coal
	combustion
	energy sources
	incineration
	peat
	quality control
SN	As of 1998, restricted to use for incombustible material. For other uses, see volcanic ash.

ash falls
RT	fallout
	pyroclastics
	volcanic ash
	volcaniclastics
	volcanism
	volcanoes
	volcanology

ash flows
UF	glowing avalanche
RT	volcanism
	igneous rocks
	pyroclastics
	clastic sediments
	volcanic ash
	sediments
	tuff
	volcanic rocks
	volcanology
	ash-flow tuff
	flow texture
	flows
	fluidization
	ignimbrite
	nuees ardentes
	pyroclastic flows

Ash H

Ash Hollow Formation
BT	Chronostratigraphic Units
	.Phanerozoic
	..Cenozoic
	...Neogene
	....Pliocene
	.....Ash Hollow Formation
RT	Wyoming
	Nebraska
	Kansas
	South Dakota
	Ogallala Formation
SN	In Ogallala Formation. W Kansas, W Nebraska, South Dakota, and SE Wyoming.

ash-flow tuff
BT	igneous rocks
	.volcanic rocks
	..pyroclastics
	...ash-flow tuff
RT	volcanic ash
	tuff
	ash flows
	ignimbrite
	pyroclastic flows

Ashe County North Carolina
BT	United States
	.North Carolina
	..Ashe County North Carolina

Ashe Formation
BT	Chronostratigraphic Units
	.Phanerozoic
	..Paleozoic
	...lower Paleozoic
	....Ashe Formation
RT	Virginia
	North Carolina
	Tennessee
SN	NW North Carolina, E Tennessee, and SW Virginia.

Ashgillian
BT	Chronostratigraphic Units
	.Phanerozoic
	..Paleozoic
	...Ordovician
	....Upper Ordovician
	.....Ashgillian
NT	Hirnantian
RT	Bala
SN	Europe. Upper Caradocian, below Llandoverian (Silurian).

Ashio Japan
BT	nshu
	.Ashio Japan
RT	Gumma Japan
	Tochigi Japan
SN	Town on border of Tochigi and Gumma prefectures, central Honshu.

Ashio Mine
BT	nshu
	.Ashio Mine
RT	mines
	copper ores
	Gumma Japan
	Tochigi Japan
SN	Before 1993, also search Ashio copper mines. Indexed with prefectures and commodity as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1993.

Ashkhabad Turkmenia
BT	Asia
	.Turkmenia
	..Ashkhabad Turkmenia
NT	Cheleken Turkmenia
	Darvaza Turkmenia
SN	Oblast and city in S Turkmenia near the Iranian border. This term has multiple hierarchies.

Ashland County Ohio
BT	United States
	.Ohio
	..Ashland County Ohio
SN	N central Ohio.

Ashland County Wisconsin
BT	United States
	.Wisconsin
	..Ashland County Wisconsin
SN	Extreme N Wisconsin.

Ashley County Arkansas
BT	United States
	.Arkansas
	..Ashley County Arkansas

Ashley River Fault
BT	United States
	.South Carolina
	..Charleston County South Carolina
	...Ashley River Fault
SN	Charleston region, SE South Carolina. Added to Thesaurus in 1989.

Ashmore Meteorite
BT	meteorites
	.stony meteorites
	..chondrites
	...Ashmore Meteorite
RT	Texas
	Gaines County Texas
SN	Impact in Gaines County, W Texas. Before 1981, also search Ashmore AND meteorites. Added to Thesaurus in 1981.

Ashtabula County Ohio
BT	United States
	.Ohio
	..Ashtabula County Ohio
SN	NE Ohio.

ashtonite
USE	mordenite

Asia
NT	Abakan Russian Federation
	Afghan-Tajik Basin
	Altai Mountains
	Altai Russian Federation
	Altai-Sayan region
	Amu Darya
	Amu Darya Basin
	Amur Basin
	Amur region
	Amur River
	Amur Russian Federation
	Anadyr Basin
	Anadyr Range
	Angara River
	Arabian Peninsula
	Baikal Mountains
	Baikal rift zone
	Baikal-Amur Railroad region
	Brahmaputra River
	Buryat Russian Federation
	Central Asia
	Chadobets Uplift
	Chaya Massif
	Chirchik River
	Chita Russian Federation
	Chukchi Peninsula
	Chuya Alps
	Dzhagdy Range
	Dzhida River
	Dzhugdzhur region
	Euphrates River
	Far East
	Ganges River
	Gobi Desert
	Himalayas
	Hindu Kush
	Ili Basin
	Indian Peninsula
	Indus River
	Indus-Yarlung Zangbo suture zone
	Irkutsk Basin
	Irkutsk Russian Federation
	Irtysh River
	Ishim River
	Iya River
	Kamchatka Russian Federation
	Kamenka River
	Kansk-Achinsk Basin
	Karakoram
	Karymskaya Sopka
	Kemerovo Russian Federation
	Kerulen River
	Khabarovsk Russian Federation
	Khamar-Daban Range
	Khanka Lake
	Khatanga Basin
	Kiya River
	Kochkar Russian Federation
	Kodar Range
	Kolyma River
	Kolyma River basin
	Kolyma Uplift
	Krasnoyarsk Russian Federation
	Kuban River
	Kuban Valley
	Kulunda Steppe
	Kura River
	Kurama Range
	Kurgan Russian Federation
	Kuznetsk Basin
	Kyrgyzstan
	Lake Baikal
	Lena Basin
	Lena River
	Lower Tunguska River
	Magadan Russian Federation
	Magnitogorsk Russian Federation
	Main Boundary Fault
	Main Central Thrust
	Mama River
	Maya River basin
	Maymecha-Kotuy
	Megion Field
	Middle East
	Moneron Island
	Moskva River
	Murgab Basin
	Naga Hills
	Nayba River basin
	Novosibirsk Russian Federation
	Ob River
	Ob-Irtysh Interfluve
	Okhotsk region
	Okhotsk-Chukchi
	Okhotsk-Chukchi volcanic belt
	Olekma River
	Olekma-Vitim Highlands
	Omolon Block
	Omolon River
	Omsk Russian Federation
	Ozernoye Russian Federation
	Patom Plateau
	Penzhina Bay
	Popigay Structure
	Primorye Russian Federation
	Pskem Range
	Rudny Altai
	Russian Far East
	Russian Pacific region
	Sakhalin Russian Federation
	Salair Ridge
	Selenga River valley
	Serov Russian Federation
	Sette-Daban Range
	Siberia
	Siberian fold belt
	Siberian Platform
	Sikhote-Alin Range
	Siwalik Range
	Southeast Asia
	Sri Lanka
	Stanovoy Range
	Stony Tunguska River
	Strait of Malacca
	Suchan Basin
	Surkhan Darya
	Surkhan Darya basin
	Syr Darya
	Sysert Russian Federation
	Tagil Basin
	Tajikistan
	Tannu-Ola Range
	Tarbagatay Range
	Tatar Strait
	Tien Shan
	Tomsk Russian Federation
	Transbaikalia
	Tunguska Basin
	Tunguska River
	Tunguska Syneclise
	Turan
	Turanian Platform
	Turkestan
	Turkmenia
	Turukhan River
	Tuva Russian Federation
	Tyumen Russian Federation
	Uchur River basin
	Uda River
	Udokan Mountains
	Uzbekistan
	Verkhoyansk region
	Vilyuy River
	Vilyuy River basin
	Vindhyan Basin
	Vitim River
	West Siberia
	Western Transbaikalia
	Wrangel Island
	Yakutia Russian Federation
	Yenisei Basin
	Yenisei River
	Yenisei-Khatanga basin
	Yudoma River
	Zeya River
RT	Argun Ri
SN	To retrieve all documents, USSR and Commonwealth of Independent States should also be searched (see list O). Before 1981, Malay Archipelago was included as a narrower term.

Asia Minor
USE	Turkey

Asiatic USSR
SN	As of 1993, no longer a valid term for GeoRef. Included the Russian Republic E of the Urals and the republics of Soviet Central Asia: Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan (Kirghizia), Tajikistan, Turkmenia, and Uzbekistan. Before 1978, search Asiatic AND USSR. Now see

Askania gravimeters
BT	gravimeters
	.Askania gravimeters
SN	Added to Thesaurus in 1981.

Aso
BT	Asia
	.Far East
	..Japan
	...Kyushu
	....Kumamoto Japan
	.....Aso
UF	Aso Volcano
	Aso-san
RT	volcanoes
	Aso Caldera
SN	Volcanic mountain with five peaks in central Kyushu. Before 1993, also used for town in Kumamoto Prefecture.

Aso Caldera
BT	Asia
	.Far East
	..Japan
	...Kyushu
	....Kumamoto Japan
	.....Aso Caldera
RT	Aso
SN	Aso, central Kyushu.

Aso Volcano
USE	Aso

Aso-san
USE	Aso

Asotin County Washington
BT	United States
	.Washington
	..Asotin County Washington

aspartic acid
BT	organic compounds
	.organic acids
	..amino acids
	...aspartic acid
SN	Added to Thesaurus in 1985.

asperities
UF	asperity
RT	engineering geology
	faults
	rock mechanics
	fractures
	shear tests
	three-dimensional models
SN	Added to Thesaurus in 1989.

asperity
USE	asperities

asphalt
BT	bitumens
	.asphalt
UF	asphaltene
	asphaltenes
RT	organic compounds
	biomarkers

asphaltene
USE	asphalt

asphaltenes
USE	asphalt

Assam India
BT	Asia
	.Indian Peninsula
	..India
	...Northeastern India
	....Assam India
RT	Garo Hills
	Meghalaya India
	Shillong India
	Shillong Plateau
SN	State NE of Bangladesh in NE India. Territory was reorganized in early 1970s.

Asse Mine
BT	Europe
	.Central Europe
	..Germany
	...Lower Saxony Germany
	....Asse Mine
UF	Asse Salt Mine
RT	mines
	waste disposal
	radioactive waste
	waste disposal sites
SN	Salt mine and radioactive waste disposal site. Lower Saxony, N central Germany. Indexed with regions as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1989.

Asse Salt Mine
USE	Asse Mine

Asselian
BT	Chronostratigraphic Units
	.Phanerozoic
	..Paleozoic
	...Permian
	....Cisuralian
	.....Asselian
BT	Chronostratigraphic Units
	.Phanerozoic
	..Paleozoic
	...Permian
	....Lower Permian
	.....Asselian
SN	Europe. Stage. Below Sakmarian. Above Stephanian of Upper Carboniferous.

assemblages
UF	faunal assemblages
	fossil assemblages
RT	biotopes
	fossils
	biofacies
	communities
	faunal provinces
	floral provinces
	ichnofacies
	index fossils
SN	Restricted to assemblages of fossils. For assemblages of minerals, use mineral assemblages.

assessment, environmental
SN	Use risk assessment or environmental analysis or environmental effects.

assimilation
RT	anatexis
	country rocks
	emplacement
	hybridization
	inclusions
	intrusions
	magma contamination
	magma transport
	magmas
	palingenesis
SN	As of 1981, restricted to magmas. Not to be used as a general term.

Assiniboine River
BT	Canada
	.Western Canada
	..Assiniboine River
RT	Saskatchewan
	Manitoba
	Assiniboine River valley
SN	S Canada; 590 miles long. Rises in SE Saskatchewan, flows S and E across S Manitoba into the Red River of the North at Winnipeg. Indexed with provinces as applicable.

Assiniboine River valley
BT	Canada
	.Western Canada
	..Assiniboine River valley
UF	Assiniboine Valley
RT	Saskatchewan
	Manitoba
	Assiniboine River
SN	Important wheat growing region. Indexed with provinces as applicable.

Assiniboine Valley
USE	Assiniboine River valley

Association of South East Asian Nations
USE	ASEAN

associations
RT	AAPG
	academic institutions
	AGI
	AGU
	annual report
	ASEAN
	bibliography
	catalogs
	collections
	current research
	education
	Euratom
	expeditions
	geology
	government agencies
	GSA
	IGCP
	INQUA
	institutions
	international cooperation
	International Geological Congress
	Int
SN	Reserved for organizations not included under academic institutions, government agencies, museums or survey organizations. Before 1976, also search meetings.

Assumption Parish Louisiana
BT	United States
	.Louisiana
	..Assumption Parish Louisiana

Assynt
BT	ghland region Scotland
	.Sutherland Scotland
	..Assynt
UF	Assynt region
SN	Sutherland, N Scotland. Added to Thesaurus in 1989.

Assynt region
USE	Assynt

Assyntian Orogeny
USE	Assyntic Orogeny

Assyntic Orogeny
BT	Chronostratigraphic Units
	.Precambrian
	..Assyntic Orogeny
UF	Assyntian Orogeny
RT	Cambrian
	orogeny
	tectonics
	Western Europe
SN	Orogenic events at the end of the Precambrian. Before 1978, search Assyntian.

ast Range Ophiolite#Colorado River basin#Cupido Formation#Difunta Group#Eagle Fo

Astarte
BT	Invertebrata
	.Mollusca
	..Bivalvia
	...Astartida
	....Astarte
SN	Genus.

Astartida
BT	Invertebrata
	.Mollusca
	..Bivalvia
	...Astartida
NT	Astarte

astatine
BT	halogens
	.astatine
UF	At
SN	Chemical element.

Asteridae
BT	Plantae
	.Spermatophyta
	..Angiospermae
	...Dicotyledoneae
	....Asteridae

Asterocyclina
BT	Invertebrata
	.Protista
	..Foraminifera
	...Rotaliina
	....Orbitoidacea
	.....Asterocyclina
RT	microfossils
SN	Genus. Indexed with microfossils if applicable.

Asteroidea
BT	Invertebrata
	.Echinodermata
	..Asterozoa
	...Stelleroidea
	....Asteroidea

asteroids
NT	S-type asteroids
	Vesta Asteroid
UF	minor planets
RT	Moon
	planetology
	meteorites
	cosmic rays
	interplanetary space
	cosmic dust
	cosmochemistry
	meteoroids
	NEAR Program
	parent bodies
	planets
	solar system
	tektites

Asterozoa
BT	Invertebrata
	.Echinodermata
	..Asterozoa
NT	Stelleroidea

asthenosphere
UF	zone of mobility
RT	mantle
	upper mantle
	plate tectonics
	magmas
	elastic waves
	Earth
	crust
	delamination
	isostasy
	lithosphere
	lower crust
	Mohorovicic discontinuity
	tectonophysics

Asti Italy
BT	Europe
	.Southern Europe
	..Italy
	...Piemonte Italy
	....Asti Italy
SN	City and province in NW Italy.

Astian
BT	Chronostratigraphic Units
	.Phanerozoic
	..Cenozoic
	...Neogene
	....Pliocene
	.....upper Pliocene
	......Astian
SN	Europe. Above the Piacenzian.

Astoria

Astoria Canyon
BT	Pacific Ocean
	.North Pacific
	..Northeast Pacific
	...Astoria Canyon
RT	Oregon
SN	Just off Astoria, Oregon and the mouth of the Columbia River. This term has multiple hierarchies.

Astoria Formation
BT	Chronostratigraphic Units
	.Phanerozoic
	..Cenozoic
	...Neogene
	....Miocene
	.....Astoria Formation
RT	Washington
	Oregon
SN	Lower to middle Miocene. NW Oregon and SW Washington. Added to Thesaurus in 1985.

Astrakhan Arch
BT	Commonwealth of Independent States
	.Astrakhan Arch
RT	Russian Federation
	Kazakhstan
	Astrakhan Russian Federation
	Caspian Depression
	Volga region
SN	W Caspian Depression, near mouth of Volga River. Indexed with former Soviet republics as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1985.

Astrakhan Russian Federation
BT	Commonwealth of Independent States
	.Russian Federation
	..Astrakhan Russian Federation
BT	Europe
	.Astrakhan Russian Federation
RT	Astrakhan Arch
SN	Oblast and city on NW Caspian Sea. Before 1993, Astrakhan Russian Republic was also used. This term has multiple hierarchies.

Astrapotheria
BT	Chordata
	.Vertebrata
	..Tetrapoda
	...Mammalia
	....Theria
	.....Eutheria
	......Astrapotheria
SN	Order.

astroblemes
BT	impact features
	.astroblemes
UF	fossil meteorite craters
RT	geomorphology
	craters
	impact craters
	meteor craters

astronomy
SN	As of 1993, no longer a valid term for GeoRef. Usually out-of-scope. Used with astrophysics and solar physics or planetology.

astrophyllite
BT	silicates
	.sheet silicates
	..astrophyllite

astrophysics and solar physics
SN	As of 1993, no longer a valid term for GeoRef. Usually out-of-scope. Used for special bibliographies.

Astrorhizidae
BT	Invertebrata
	.Protista
	..Foraminifera
	...Textulariina
	....Ammodiscacea
	.....Astrorhizidae
RT	microfossils
SN	Family. Indexed with microfossils if applicable.

Asturian Arc
BT	Europe
	.Southern Europe
	..Iberian Peninsula
	...Spain
	....Asturian Arc
SN	Added to Thesaurus in 1981.

Asturian Massif
BT	Europe
	.Southern Europe
	..Iberian Peninsula
	...Spain
	....Asturias Spain
	.....Asturian Massif
SN	In NW Spain.

Asturian Orogenic Phase
USE	Asturian Orogeny

Asturian Orogeny
BT	Chronostratigraphic Units
	.Phanerozoic
	..Paleozoic
	...Carboniferous
	....Asturian Orogeny
UF	Asturian Orogenic Phase
RT	orogeny
	tectonics
	Europe
	Hercynian Orogeny
	Stephanian
	Westphalian
SN	Before 1978, search Asturian AND orogeny.

Asturias Spain
BT	Europe
	.Southern Europe
	..Iberian Peninsula
	...Spain
	....Asturias Spain
NT	Asturian Massif
	Aviles Spain
	La Caridad Spain
UF	Oviedo Spain
RT	Cantabrian Basin
	Cantabrian Mountains
SN	Region now an autonomous community and province which was an ancient kingdom in NW Spain.

Asturreta
BT	Europe
	.Southern Europe
	..Iberian Peninsula
	...Spain
	....Navarra Spain
	.....Asturreta
RT	Navarre
SN	Region in N Spain.

Asu River Group
BT	Chronostratigraphic Units
	.Phanerozoic
	..Mesozoic
	...Cretaceous
	....Asu River Group
RT	Nigeria
	Benue Valley
SN	In the Benue Valley. Added to Thesaurus in 1989.

Asuka Meteorites
BT	meteorites
	.Asuka Meteorites
RT	Antarctica
	Queen Maud Land
	Sor-Rondane Mountains
SN	Collected from bare icefields around Sor-Rondane Mountains, Queen Maud Land, East Antarctica from 1986. Due to abbreviations for these meteorites, such as Asuka-881757 also search Asuka in combination with number.

Aswan Dam
BT	Africa
	.North Africa
	..Egypt
	...Aswan Dam
RT	Nile River
SN	Includes Aswan High Dam on Nile River creating Lake Nasser in SE Egypt. Added to Thesaurus in 1995.

Aswan Egypt
BT	Africa
	.North Africa
	..Egypt
	...Aswan Egypt
NT	Kom Ombo Egypt
SN	Governorate. Also a city on the Mediterranean Sea.

asymmetric distribution
RT	distribution
	statistical analysis
	statistical distribution
	symmetry
SN	A type of statistical distribution. Added to Thesaurus in 1982.

asymmetric folds
BT	folds
	.asymmetric folds
RT	symmetric folds
SN	Before 1978, also search folds AND asymmetric.

asymmetry
USE	symmetry

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