Ra  search
USEradium
Ra-226  search
BTisotopes
 .radioactive isotopes
 ..Ra-226
BTmetals
 .alkaline earth metals
 ..radium
 ...Ra-226
RTRa-228/Ra-226
SNThis term has multiple hierarchies.
Ra-226/Th-230  search
USETh-230/Ra-226
Ra-228  search
BTisotopes
 .radioactive isotopes
 ..Ra-228
BTmetals
 .alkaline earth metals
 ..radium
 ...Ra-228
RTRa-228/Ra-226
SNThis term has multiple hierarchies.
Ra-228/Ra-226  search
BTisotopes
 .radioactive isotopes
 ..Ra-228/Ra-226
BTmetals
 .alkaline earth metals
 ..radium
 ...Ra-228/Ra-226
RTisotope ratios
 Ra-226
 Ra-228
SNThis term has multiple hierarchies.
Raasay  search
BTbrides
 .Inner Hebrides
 ..Raasay
BTghland region Scotland
 .Inverness-shire Scotland
 ..Raasay
SNIsland of the Inner Hebrides NE of Isle of Skye off NW Scotland. This term has multiple hierarchies.
Rabat  search
SNNo longer a valid term for GeoRef.
Rabat Morocco  search
BTAfrica
 .North Africa
 ..Morocco
 ...Rabat Morocco
SNCity on the Atlantic Ocean in NW Morocco.
Rabaul Caldera  search
BTAustralasia
 .Papua New Guinea
 ..Bismarck Archipelago
 ...Rabaul Caldera
RTNew Britain
SNOn New Britain Island.
Rabbit Lake Deposit  search
BTCanada
 .Western Canada
 ..Saskatchewan
 ...Rabbit Lake Deposit
RTuranium ores
 Rabbit Lake Saskatchewan
SNUranium deposit in central Saskatchewan. Before 1993, also search Rabbit Lake Saskatchewan and uranium ores. Added to Thesaurus in 1993.
Rabbit Lake Saskatchewan  search
BTCanada
 .Western Canada
 ..Saskatchewan
 ...Rabbit Lake Saskatchewan
RTRabbit Lake Deposit
SNTown. Location of uranium deposit in central Saskatchewan.
Rabun County Georgia  search
BTUnited States
 .Georgia
 ..Rabun County Georgia
SNExtreme NE Georgia.
racemization  search
RTamino acids
 aminostratigraphy
 epimerization
 geochronology
 relative age
SNFor the age method, also index amino acids and relative age as applicable.
Racha  search
RTGeorgian Republic
 Greater Caucasus
 Racha earthquake 1991
SNRegion of the Greater Caucasus, N Georgian Republic. May also be used in other locations. Search in combination with country. Indexed with Greater Caucasus and/or Georgian Republic as applicable.
Racha earthquake 1991  search
BTearthquakes
 .Racha earthquake 1991
RTGeorgian Republic
 Greater Caucasus
 Racha
SNEpicenter in Greater Caucasus, N central Georgian Republic.
Raciborz Poland  search
BTEurope
 .Central Europe
 ..Poland
 ...Katowice Poland
 ....Raciborz Poland
UFRatibor Poland
SNCity on Oder River in SW Katowice, S Poland.
Racine County Wisconsin  search
BTUnited States
 .Wisconsin
 ..Racine County Wisconsin
RTRoot River
SNExtreme SE Wisconsin.
Racine Dolomite  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Phanerozoic
 ..Paleozoic
 ...Silurian
 ....Middle Silurian
 .....Niagaran
 ......Racine Dolomite
RTIllinois
 Wisconsin
 Michigan
SNNE Illinois, N Michigan and SE Wisconsin. Added to Thesaurus in 1989.
RADAM  search
RTBrazil
 electromagnetic methods
 radar methods
 remote sensing
SNRemote sensing survey of Brazil. Added to Thesaurus in 1985.
radar  search
SNA valid term through 1977. After 1977, use radar methods.
radar exploration  search
USEradar methods
radar methods  search
NTground-penetrating radar
 lidar methods
UFradar exploration
RTgeophysical methods
 backscattering
 Doppler effect
 echo sounding
 geophysical surveys
 reflection methods
 remote sensing
 multispectral scanner
 Geosat
 electromagnetic methods
 radio-wave methods
 ERS-1
 microwave methods
 Magellan Program
 image enhancement
 RADAM
SNBefore 1978, search radar.
radial faults  search
BTfaults
 .radial faults
SNBefore 1978, also search faults AND radial.
radial flow  search
RTfluid dynamics
 hydraulics
 hydrodynamics
 hydrology
 steady flow
 unsteady flow
SNFor ground water, also index movement.
radiation  search
SNNo longer a valid term for GeoRef. See adaptive radiation, radioactivity, background radiation, electromagnetic radiation, synchrotron radiation, radiation damage, wave dispersion, or propagation.
radiation damag  search
radiation damage  search
UFdamage, radiation
RTgeochronology
 relative age
 cosmic rays
 radioactivity
 fission-track dating
 fission tracks
 particle tracks
 particle-track dating
 metamict minerals
 metamictization
radiation dosimetry  search
USEdosimetry
radio-frequency spectroscopy  search
BTspectroscopy
 .radio-frequency spectroscopy
RTchemical analysis
 analysis
SNBefore 1978, also search spectroscopy AND radio frequency.
radio-wave methods  search
UFradiowave methods
RTgeophysical surveys
 methods
 electromagnetic waves
 radar methods
 electromagnetic radiation
 ground-penetrating radar
SNBefore 1978 search radio waves.
radioactiv  search
radioactivation analysis  search
USEactivation analysis
radioactive decay  search
UFdecay, radioactive
RTabsolute age
 isotopes
SNBefore 1978, search decay AND radioactive.
radioactive elements  search
USEradioactive isotopes
radioactive fallout  search
USEfallout
radioactive isotopes  search
BTisotopes
 .radioactive isotopes
NTAl-26
 Al-27/Al-26
 Am-241
 Ar-37
 Ar-38
 Ar-38/Ar-36
 Ar-39
 Ar-40/Ar-39
 Be-10
 Be-10/Be-9
 Be-7
 C-14
 C-14/C-12
 Cl-36
 Co-60
 Cr-51
 Cs-134
 Cs-137
 Fe-55
 Fe-59
 I-129
 I-131
 K-40
 Kr-81
 Kr-85
 Mn-53
 Mn-54
 Na-22
 Na-24
 Os-187/Os-186
 P-32
 Pa-231
 Pb-204
 Pb-206/Pb-204
 Pb-207/Pb-204
 Pb-208/Pb-204
 Pb-210
 Po-210
 Pu-238
 Pu-239
 Pu-240
 Pu-240/Pu-239
 Pu-244
 Ra-226
 Ra-228
 Ra-228/Ra-226
 Rb-87/Sr-86
 Rn-220
 Rn-222
 Ru-106
 S-35
 Si-32
 Sm-147/Nd-144
 Sr-85
 Sr-89
 Sr-90
 Tc-99
 Th-228
 Th-230
 Th-230/Ra-226
 Th-232
 Th-232/Th-230
 Th-234
 tritium
 U-234
 U-234/Th-230
 U-235
 U-238
 U-238/Pb-204
 U-238/Pb-206
 U-238/Th-230
 U-238/Th-232
 U-238/U-234
 U-238/U-235
 Zn-65
 Zr-95
UFradioactive elements
RTradioactivity
 background radiation
 Chernobyl nuclear accident
SNAlso search radionuclides.
radioactive materials  search
SNNot a valid GeoRef index term after 1968. See isotopes; radioactivity; radioactive tracers; radioactive waste; radioactive isotopes.
radioactive minerals  search
SNNot a valid GeoRef index term after 1970. See radioactivity; minerals.
radioactive tracers  search
RTaerosols
 Chernobyl nuclear accident
 ground water
 hydrogeology
 hydrology
 isotopes
 radioactivity
 surface water
 tracers
radioactive waste  search
UFnuclear waste
 waste, radioactive
RTpollution
 engineering geology
 environmental geology
 chemical waste
 radioactivity
 Asse Mine
 background radiation
 hazardous waste
 industrial waste
 liquid waste
 Palmottu Project
 Gorleben
 high-level waste
 low-level waste
 Konrad Mine
 Resource Conservation and
radioactive waste repositories  search
SNNot a valid term for GeoRef. After 1993, see storage or underground storage or radioactive waste, waste disposal, or waste disposal sites.
radioactive-waste disposal  search
SNNot a valid GeoRef index term after 1970. Used in subfile N. After 1992, use radioactive waste with waste disposal or waste disposal sites. Also see storage or underground storage.
radioactivity  search
RTalpha rays
 alpha-ray spectroscopy
 autoradiography
 beta rays
 Chernobyl nuclear accident
 cosmic rays
 dosimetry
 electromagnetic radiation
 engineering geology
 fallout
 fission tracks
 gamma rays
 gamma-gamma methods
 gamma-ray methods
 gamma-ray spectroscopy
 heat
SNFor natural or induced radioactivity. Before 1972, also search nucleosynthesis. Before 1978, also search radiometric; radiometry.
radioactivity exploration  search
SNNot a valid GeoRef index term after 1971. Used in subfiles G and N. Now use radioactivity or radioactivity methods.
radioactivity logging  search
SNNot a valid GeoRef term after 1970. Used in subfile N. Use well-logging and radioactivity.
radioactivity methods  search
BTgeophysical methods
 .radioactivity methods
RTgeophysical surveys
 radioactivity
 dosimetry
 radon emanometry
 gamma-ray methods
 radioactivity survey maps
 liquid scintillation methods
 neutron methods
SNFor surveys, search with geophysical surveys and an area. For surveys, also index geophysical surveys and the area.
radioactivity survey maps  search
BTmaps
 .radioactivity survey maps
RTgeophysical survey maps
 radioactivity methods
SNAlso search maps AND geophysical surveys AND radioactivity methods with area. Added to Thesaurus in 1985.
radiocarbon dating  search
USEC-14
radiochemical analysis  search
SNNot a valid GeoRef index term after 1970. Use chemical analysis or isotopes as applicable.
radiography  search
NTautoradiography
RTX-ray radiography
radiography, X-ray  search
USEX-ray radiography
Radiolaria  search
BTInvertebrata
 .Protista
 ..Radiolaria
NTOsculosida
 Porulosida
 Spumellina
RTmicrofossils
 plankton
SNIndexed with microfossils if applicable.
radiolarite  search
BTsedimentary rocks
 .clastic rocks
 ..radiolarite
radiometers  search
SNSee AVHRR if applicable. This term could be used for microwave thermal emission methods or for sensing various kinds of radiant energy including radioactivity.
radiometric properties  search
SNAs of 1981, no longer a valid term for GeoRef. Term was introduced in 1978. See radioactivity.
radionuclides  search
SNA valid term through 1978. After 1978 use radioactive isotopes.
radiowave methods  search
USEradio-wave methods
radium  search
BTmetals
 .alkaline earth metals
 ..radium
NTRa-226
 Ra-228
 Ra-228/Ra-226
 Th-230/Ra-226
UFRa
RTisotopes
 uranium
Radnorshire Wales  search
BTEurope
 .Western Europe
 ..United Kingdom
 ...Great Britain
 ....Wales
 .....Powys Wales
 ......Radnorshire Wales
SNFormer county E Wales. As of April 1974, part of Powys.
radon  search
BTnoble gases
 .radon
NTRn-220
 Rn-222
UFRn
RTisotopes
 radon emanometry
radon emanometry  search
RTchemical analysis
 dosimetry
 earthquake prediction
 earthquakes
 eruptions
 gas chromatography
 geochemical methods
 mineral exploration
 precursors
 radioactivity methods
 radon
 soil gases
SNAdded to Thesaurus in 1985.
Radon transforms  search
UFslant stacks
RTseismic methods
 tomography
 mathematical transformations
SNIntegral of physical property of an object along a given line or energy transit path. Before 1993, also search Radon transformations. Added to Thesaurus in 1993.
radon-222  search
USERn-222
Radstock Bay  search
BTCanada
 .Northwest Territories
 ..Franklin District Northwest Territories
 ...Queen Elizabeth Islands
 ....Devon Island
 .....Radstock Bay
SNSW coast of Devon Island on Lancaster Sound in Franklin District.
Rae Province  search
BTNorth America
 .Canadian Shield
 ..Churchill Province
 ...Rae Province
RTAlberta
 Canada
 Saskatchewan
 Quebec
 Northwest Territories
 Labrador
SNPart of Churchill composite structural province of the N Canadian Shield. Archean-Proterozoic. Indexed with Canadian provinces as applicable.
raft foundations  search
RTbuildings
 foundations
 ice rafting
 settlement
SNAdded to Thesaurus in 1985.
Raft River  search
BTUnited States
 .Raft River
RTIdaho
 Utah
 Raft River basin
SNIn N Utah and S Idaho. Indexed with states as applicable.
Raft River basin  search
RTIdaho
 Raft River
 United States
 Utah
SNAlso search Raft River. May occur in several locations. Indexed with states or regions as applicable.
rafting, ice  search
USEice rafting
Ragavapuram Shales  search
USERaghavapuram Shales
Raghavapuram Shales  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Phanerozoic
 ..Mesozoic
 ...Jurassic
 ....Upper Jurassic
 .....Raghavapuram Shales
UFRagavapuram Shales
RTIndia
 Andhra Pradesh India
SNAlso search Raghavapuram.
Railroad Valley  search
RTGrant Canyon Field
 Nye County Nevada
SNSE central Nevada. Also in other locations. Indexed with county or region as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1981.
railroads  search
UFrailways
RTland subsidence
 embankments
 slope stability
 seismic response
 engineering geology
 environmental geology
 land use
 soil mechanics
 construction
 foundations
 highways
 tunnels
 site exploration
 engineering properties
 planning
 subways
SNUsed for geological or geotechnical studies pertaining in some way to railroad tracks and materials. Added to Thesaurus in 1989.
railways  search
USErailroads
rain  search
BTatmospheric precipitation
 .rain
NTacid rain
RTwater
 hydrology
 hydrosphere
 meltwater
SNAlso search rainfall. Added to Thesaurus in 1995.
rain forests  search
BTforests
 .rain forests
UFrainforests
RTenvironmental geology
 land use
 natural resources
 tropical environment
 vegetation
 temperate environment
SNAlso index tropical environment or temperate environment as applicable.
Rainbow Mountain  search
RTAlaska Range
 Valley County Idaho
SNPeak in Salmon River Mountains in Valley County, W central Idaho. Also in the Alaska Range. Indexed with county and mountain range as applicable.
raindro  search
raindrops  search
RTatmospheric precipitation
 clouds
 droplets
 humidity
 meteorology
 rainfall
 water
rainfall  search
RTacid rain
 atmospheric precipitation
 drought
 hydrology
 raindrops
 watersheds
rainforests  search
USErain forests
Rainier Mesa  search
BTUnited States
 .Nevada
 ..Nye County Nevada
 ...Rainier Mesa
RTNevada Test Site
SNOutlier of the Belted Range, in NW portion of the Nevada Test Site. Added to Thesaurus in 1981.
Rains County Texas  search
BTUnited States
 .Texas
 ..Rains County Texas
Rainy Lake  search
RTKoochiching County Minnesota
 Minnesota
 North America
 Ontario
 Saint Louis County Minnesota
SNOn border of Rainy River District Ontario and N Minnesota. May occur in other locations. Indexed with North America or Minnesota counties and/or Rainy River District Ontario as applicable.
Rainy River  search
BTNorth America
 .Rainy River
RTOntario
 Minnesota
SNFlows from Rainy Lake to Lake of the Woods. Indexed with Minnesota and/or Ontario as applicable.
Rainy River District Ontario  search
BTCanada
 .Eastern Canada
 ..Ontario
 ...Rainy River District Ontario
NTAtikokan Ontario
SNNW Ontario, on the border with Minnesota. Before 1989, also search Rainy River AND Ontario.
Raipur India  search
BTAsia
 .Indian Peninsula
 ..India
 ...Madhya Pradesh India
 ....Raipur India
SNCity in SE Madhya Pradesh, central India.
raised b  search
raised beaches  search
BTshore features
 .raised beaches
RTglacial geology
 shorelines
 beaches
 sea-level changes
 marine terraces
 lacustrine features
 benches
 terraces
 neotectonics
 uplifts
 emergent coastlines
 regression
SNIndexed with lacustrine features and/or beaches as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1995.
Rajahmundry India  search
BTAsia
 .Indian Peninsula
 ..India
 ...Andhra Pradesh India
 ....Rajahmundry India
SNCity in NE Andhra Pradesh, central India.
Rajasthan India  search
BTAsia
 .Indian Peninsula
 ..India
 ...Rajasthan India
NTAjmer India
 Alwar India
 Aravalli Range
 Barmer India
 Bhilwara India
 Bikaner India
 Jaipur India
 Jaisalmer India
 Jhunjhunu India
 Jodhpur India
 Khetri copper belt
 Khetri India
 Sirohi India
 Udaipur India
RTAravalli System
 Delhi Supergroup
 Kaimur Sandstone
 Kota India
 Lathi Formation
 Trans-Aravalli Vindhyan Basin
SNState in NW India.
Rajgir India  search
BTAsia
 .Indian Peninsula
 ..India
 ...Bihar India
 ....Rajgir India
SNVillage in N central Bihar, E India.
Rajmahal Hills  search
BTAsia
 .Indian Peninsula
 ..India
 ...Bihar India
 ....Rajmahal Hills
RTAmarjola
SNLow range of hills S and W of the Ganges River in E Bihar, E India.
Rajmahal India  search
BTAsia
 .Indian Peninsula
 ..India
 ...Bihar India
 ....Rajmahal India
SNTown in E Bihar, E India.
Rajmahal Series  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Phanerozoic
 ..Mesozoic
 ...Jurassic
 ....Rajmahal Series
RTIndia
 Bangladesh
SNBangladesh and NE India. Includes grits and shales intercalated in trap flows. Also search Rajmahal Traps if applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1993.
Rakhov Massif  search
BTEurope
 .Ukraine
 ..Ukrainian Carpathians
 ...Rakhov Massif
RTTranscarpathia Ukraine
SNIn central Carpathian Mountains of Transcarpathian Oblast. This term has multiple hierarchies.
Rakhov Ukraine  search
BTEurope
 .Ukraine
 ..Transcarpathia Ukraine
 ...Rakhov Ukraine
SNTown in Transcarpathian Oblast in W Ukraine. This term has multiple hierarchies.
Raleigh Belt  search
RTAppalachians
 Carolina slate belt
 North Carolina
 Piedmont
SNMetamorphic belt in central North Carolina. Indexed with counties or region as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1985.
Raleigh County West Virginia  search
BTUnited States
 .West Virginia
 ..Raleigh County West Virginia
SNS West Virginia.
Ralls County Missouri  search
BTUnited States
 .Missouri
 ..Ralls County Missouri
Raman  search
SNA valid term through 1977. After 1977, see Raman spectra or Raman spectroscopy.
Raman spectra  search
BTspectra
 .Raman spectra
RTspectroscopy
 vibrational spectra
 Raman spectroscopy
SNUsed for data. For methodology, use Raman spectroscopy. Added to Thesaurus in 1982.
Raman spectroscopy  search
BTspectroscopy
 .Raman spectroscopy
RTchemical analysis
 analysis
 Raman spectra
SNBefore 1978, also search spectroscopy AND Raman. As of 1982, for methodology only; use Raman spectra for data.
Ramapithecus  search
BTminidae
 .Ramapithecus
RTPongidae
 Sivapithecus
SNGenus. Sometimes classed under the Pongidae. Often included with Sivapithecus. Also search Sivapithecus if applicable. Indexed with Pongidae if applicable.
Ramapo Fault  search
BTUnited States
 .Ramapo Fault
RTNew York
 New Jersey
 Newark Basin
SNN New Jersey and SE New York. Indexed with states as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1989.
Ramgarh coal field  search
BTAsia
 .Indian Peninsula
 ..India
 ...Ramgarh coal field
UFRamgarh Coalfield
RTBihar India
 coal fields
SNS Bihar, India. Also search Ramgarh. Indexed with state or states as applicable.
Ramgarh Coalfield  search
USERamgarh coal field
Rammelsberg  search
BTEurope
 .Central Europe
 ..Germany
 ...Lower Saxony Germany
 ....Rammelsberg
BTEurope
 .Central Europe
 ..Germany
 ...Harz Mountains
 ....Rammelsberg
SNMountain in the Harz Mountains. This term has multiple hierarchies.
rammelsbergite  search
BTarsenides
 .rammelsbergite
RTnickel ores
 pararammelsbergite
Ramnagar India  search
BTAsia
 .Indian Peninsula
 ..India
 ...Uttar Pradesh India
 ....Ramnagar India
SNTown in SE Uttar Pradesh, India.
Ramnagar Pakistan  search
BTAsia
 .Indian Peninsula
 ..Pakistan
 ...Punjab Pakistan
 ....Ramnagar Pakistan
SNVillage NW of Lahore in Punjab, Pakistan.
Ramp Creek Formation  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Phanerozoic
 ..Paleozoic
 ...Carboniferous
 ....Mississippian
 .....Ramp Creek Formation
RTKentucky
 Indiana
SNS Indiana and N Kentucky. Added to Thesaurus in 1989.
Rampart Group  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Phanerozoic
 ..Paleozoic
 ...Carboniferous
 ....Mississippian
 .....Rampart Group
RTAlaska
 Lower Mississippian
SNProbably Lower Mississippian. Yukon-Tanana region in E central and E Alaska.
Ramparts Formation  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Phanerozoic
 ..Paleozoic
 ...Devonian
 ....Ramparts Formation
RTCanada
 Northwest Territories
SNMackenzie District Northwest Territories. Also search Ramparts.
ramps  search
RTcarbonate ramps
 faults
 thrust faults
SNUsed as a general term. Use carbonate ramps or thrust faults where applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1989.
Rampur coal field  search
BTAsia
 .Indian Peninsula
 ..India
 ...Rampur coal field
RTcoal fields
 Orissa India
SNNW Orissa. Also search Rampur. Indexed with state or states as applicable.
ramsdellite  search
BToxides
 .ramsdellite
RTvernadite
Ramsey County Minnesota  search
BTUnited States
 .Minnesota
 ..Ramsey County Minnesota
NTSaint Paul Minnesota
SNE Minnesota.
Ramsey County North Dakota  search
BTUnited States
 .North Dakota
 ..Ramsey County North Dakota
RTDevils Lake
SNNE central North Dakota.
Ran Fjord  search
USERana Fjord
Rana Fjord  search
BTEurope
 .Western Europe
 ..Scandinavia
 ...Norway
 ....Nordland Norway
 .....Rana Fjord
UFRan Fjord
 Ranen Fjord
SNOn the Norwegian Sea in central part of country. Also search Rana and Norway.
Ranchi India  search
BTAsia
 .Indian Peninsula
 ..India
 ...Bihar India
 ....Ranchi India
SNCity and District in S Bihar, E India.
Rancho La Brea  search
BTUnited States
 .California
 ..Los Angeles County California
 ...Rancho La Brea
UFLa Brea tar pits
SNPleistocene fossil locality in SW California. Added to Thesaurus in 1985.
Rancholabrean  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Phanerozoic
 ..Cenozoic
 ...Quarternary
 ....Pleistocene
 .....Upper Pleistocene
 ......Rancholabrean
SNNorth American continental stage. Above Irvingtonian, below Holocene. Added to Thesaurus in 1989.
rancieite  search
BToxides
 .rancieite
Rand  search
SNNot a valid term for GeoRef. See Witwatersrand for South Africa or Rand Mountains for California.
Rand Mountains  search
RTKern County California
 Mojave Desert
 California
SNRange in the Mojave Desert, Kern County , S central California. Also search Rand AND California. Indexed with county or region as applicable.
Randall County Texas  search
BTUnited States
 .Texas
 ..Randall County Texas
Randolph County Alabama  search
BTUnited States
 .Alabama
 ..Randolph County Alabama
SNE Alabama.
Randolph County Arkansas  search
BTUnited States
 .Arkansas
 ..Randolph County Arkansas
SNNE Arkansas.
Randolph County Georgia  search
BTUnited States
 .Georgia
 ..Randolph County Georgia
SNSW Georgia.
Randolph County Illinois  search
BTUnited States
 .Illinois
 ..Randolph County Illinois
SNSW Illinois.
Randolph County Indiana  search
BTIndiana
 .Randolph County Indiana
SNE Indiana.
Randolph County Missouri  search
BTUnited States
 .Missouri
 ..Randolph County Missouri
SNN central Missouri.
Randolph County North Carolina  search
BTUnited States
 .North Carolina
 ..Randolph County North Carolina
SNCentral North Carolina.
Randolph County West Virginia  search
BTUnited States
 .West Virginia
 ..Randolph County West Virginia
SNE West Virginia.
random processes  search
USEstochastic processes
Ranen Fjord  search
USERana Fjord
range  search
UFstratigraphic range
RTbiogeography
 fossils
 stratigraphy
 biostratigraphy
 first occurrence
 taxonomy
SNUsage is restricted to stratigraphy.
range, basin  search
USEbasin range structure
Rangeley Formation  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Phanerozoic
 ..Paleozoic
 ...Rangeley Formation
RTSilurian
 Devonian
 Massachusetts
 New Hampshire
 Maine
 Connecticut
SNN Connecticut, W Maine, Massachusetts and S New Hampshire. Silurian and/or Devonian. Indexed with ages as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1989.
Rangeley Lakes  search
BTUnited States
 .Rangeley Lakes
RTNew Hampshire
 Maine
 Coos County New Hampshire
 Franklin County Maine
 Oxford County Maine
SNAlso search Rangeley. Indexed with states and counties as applicable.
Rangely Anticline  search
BTUnited States
 .Colorado
 ..Rangely Anticline
SNIn NW near Utah border. Also search Rangely.
Rangely Colorado  search
BTUnited States
 .Colorado
 ..Rio Blanco County Colorado
 ...Rangely Colorado
SNTown on White River in NW Colorado.
Rangely Field  search
UFRangely oil field
RToil and gas fields
 Colorado
 Rio Blanco County Colorado
SNIn NW Colorado near Utah border. Before 1978, also search Rangely. Indexed with county or region as applicable.
Rangely oil field  search
USERangely Field
Ranger Canyon Formation  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Phanerozoic
 ..Paleozoic
 ...Permian
 ....Ranger Canyon Formation
RTAlberta
 British Columbia
 Ishbel Group
SNIn Ishbel Group. Rocky Mountains of British Columbia and Alberta. Added to Thesaurus in 1989.
Ranger Mine  search
RTAlligator Rivers Field
 mines
 Northern Territory Australia
 uranium ores
SNUranium ore deposit and mine in Alligator Rivers region, Northern Territory. Indexed with state or region as applicable.
Rangifer  search
BTChordata
 .Vertebrata
 ..Tetrapoda
 ...Mammalia
 ....Theria
 .....Eutheria
 ......Artiodactyla
 .......Ruminantia
 ........Cervidae
 .........Rangifer
SNGenus.
Rangitata River  search
BTAustralasia
 .New Zealand
 ..Rangitata River
RTSouth Island
SNE central South Island. Also search Rangitata. Also index South Island.
Raniganj (Stage)  search
USERaniganj Formation
Raniganj coal field  search
BTAsia
 .Indian Peninsula
 ..India
 ...West Bengal India
 ....Raniganj coal field
UFRaniganj Coalfield
RTcoal fields
SNWest Bengal state. Also search Raniganj India and coal.
Raniganj Coalfield  search
USERaniganj coal field
Raniganj Formation  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Phanerozoic
 ..Paleozoic
 ...Permian
 ....Upper Permian
 .....Raniganj Formation
UFRaniganj (Stage)
 Raniganj Stage
RTIndia
 West Bengal India
 Damuda Series
SNThe highest division of the Damuda Series. Added to Thesaurus in 1993.
Raniganj India  search
BTAsia
 .Indian Peninsula
 ..India
 ...West Bengal India
 ....Raniganj India
SNCity on N bank of Damodar River.
Raniganj Stage  search
USERaniganj Formation
rank  search
RTcoal
SNTo be used only for classification of coal.
Rankin County Mississippi  search
BTUnited States
 .Mississippi
 ..Rankin County Mississippi
SNCentral Mississippi.
Rannoch  search
Rannoch Formation  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Phanerozoic
 ..Mesozoic
 ...Jurassic
 ....Middle Jurassic
 .....Bajocian
 ......Rannoch Formation
RTAalenian
 Brent Group
 North Sea
SNIn Brent Group. Added to Thesaurus in 1995.
Ransom County North Dakota  search
BTUnited States
 .North Dakota
 ..Ransom County North Dakota
Raoul Island  search
BTWest Pacific Ocean Islands
 .Kermadec Islands
 ..Raoul Island
SNLargest of the volcanic Kermadec Islands which are a dependency of New Zealand 500 miles NE of Auckland.
rapakivi  search
BTigneous rocks
 .plutonic rocks
 ..granites
 ...rapakivi
UFwiborgite
Raphidiodea  search
BTInvertebrata
 .Arthropoda
 ..Mandibulata
 ...Insecta
 ....Pterygota
 .....Neoptera
 ......Endopterygota
 .......Neuroptera
 ........Raphidiodea
RTDiptera
 Hymenoptera
 Lepidoptera
SNSuborder.
Rapid City South Dakota  search
BTUnited States
 .South Dakota
 ..Pennington County South Dakota
 ...Rapid City South Dakota
SNCity in W South Dakota.
rapid variations  search
SNUsed in subfiles T, G and N. See variations; secular variations; fluctuations.
Rapides Parish Louisiana  search
BTUnited States
 .Louisiana
 ..Rapides Parish Louisiana
RTCalcasieu River
SNCentral Louisiana.
rapids  search
BTfluvial features
 .rapids
RTgeomorphology
 hydrology
 rivers
 streams
 waterways
 cascades
 waterfalls
SNAdded to Thesaurus in 1993.
Rappahannock County Virginia  search
BTUnited States
 .Virginia
 ..Rappahannock County Virginia
Rappahannock River  search
BTUnited States
 .Virginia
 ..Rappahannock River
SNRises in the Blue Ridge Mountains and flows into Chesapeake Bay.
Rarau Massif  search
BTEurope
 .Southern Europe
 ..Romania
 ...Rarau Massif
UFRarau Mountains
RTMoldavia
 Suceava Romania
SNSuceava County in N Romania. Also search Rarau.
Rarau Mountains  search
USERarau Massif
rare earth deposits  search
BTmetal ores
 .rare earth deposits
NTcerium ores
RTbastnaesite
 rare earths
 monazite deposits
SNCommodity. See List C.
rare earths  search
BTmetals
 .rare earths
NTcerium
 dysprosium
 erbium
 europium
 gadolinium
 holmium
 lanthanum
 lutetium
 neodymium
 praseodymium
 promethium
 samarium
 scandium
 terbium
 thulium
 ytterbium
 yttrium
UFinner transition elements
 lanthanide series
 lanthanides
 lanthanoans
RTrare earth deposits
 KREEP
 trace elements
SNSeries of metallic elements with atomic numbers 57 to 71 (the lanthanides). Also, scandium and yttrium are generally included in this group due to chemical similarities. Use rare earth deposits for rare earths as a commodity.
rare gases  search
USEnoble gases
RARE II  search
USERARE II regions
RARE II regions  search
BTpublic lands
 .RARE II regions
UFRARE II
 Roadless Area Review & Evaluation, Phase II
RTUnited States
 land use
 conservation
 programs
 wilderness areas
SNTracts of land belonging to the U. S. Forest Service that were being evaluated for their potential as wilderness areas. Added to Thesaurus in 1981.
Raritan Bay  search
BTUnited States
 .Raritan Bay
RTNew York
 New Jersey
 Staten Island
 Middlesex County New Jersey
 Monmouth County New Jersey
SNNE New Jersey and SE New York. Inlet of Atlantic Ocean bordered by Staten Island, New York, and Middlesex and Monmouth counties, New Jersey. Indexed with states and counties as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1989.
Raritan Formation  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Phanerozoic
 ..Mesozoic
 ...Cretaceous
 ....Upper Cretaceous
 .....Raritan Formation
RTMaryland
 Delaware
 New Jersey
SNComprises Amboy Stonewane Clay, Old Bridge Sand Member, South Amboy Fire Clay, Sayreville Sand Member, Woodbridge Clay, Farrington Sand Member, and Raritan Fire Clay.
Raritan River  search
BTUnited States
 .New Jersey
 ..Raritan River
SNN New Jersey. Flows into New York Bay S of Staten Island. Added to Thesaurus in 1985.
Ras al-Khaimah  search
BTAsia
 .Arabian Peninsula
 ..United Arab Emirates
 ...Ras al-Khaimah
SNSheikdom.
RASA  search
UFRegional Aquifer-System Analysis Program
RTUnited States
 ground water
 aquifers
 U. S. Geological Survey
 programs
SNAcronym. U. S. Geological Survey program begun in 1978. Added to Thesaurus in 1993.
rasorite  search
USEkernite
Rat  search
Rat Island  search
RTAlaska
 Aleutian Islands
 Bismarck Archipelago
 Papua New Guinea
 Rat Islands
SNSmall island in center of Rat Islands in W Aleutian Islands. Also an island in the Bismarck Archipelago, Papua New Guinea. Indexed with Rat Islands or Bismarck Archipelago as applicable.
Rat Islands  search
BTUnited States
 .Alaska
 ..Southwestern Alaska
 ...Aleutian Islands
 ....Rat Islands
RTRat Island
SNGroup in W Aleutian Islands.
rate of sedimentation  search
USEsedimentation rates
rates  search
RTerosion
 erosion rates
 growth rates
 reactivity
 residence time
 sedimentation rates
 settling
 slip rates
SNAs of 1982, use sedimentation rates or erosion rates.
Ratibor Poland  search
USERaciborz Poland
ratios  search
SNNo longer a valid term for GeoRef. After 1992, see chemical ratios or isotope ratios.
Raton Basin  search
RTColorado
 New Mexico
 United States
SNSE Colorado and NE New Mexico. Also search Raton. Indexed with states or regions as applicable.
Raton Formation  search
RTK-T boundary
 Paleocene
 Colorado
 New Mexico
 Upper Cretaceous
SNUpper Cretaceous and Paleocene. NE New Mexico and SE Colorado. Indexed with ages as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1985.
Rattlesnake Creek Terrane  search
BTUnited States
 .California
 ..Rattlesnake Creek Terrane
RTKlamath Mountains
SNIn Klamath Mountains of California. Added to Thesaurus in 1989.
Rattlesnake Hills  search
RTBenton County Washington
 Colorado Plateau
 Natrona County Wyoming
 Rattlesnake Mountain
 United States
 Washington
 Wyoming
 Yakima County Washington
SNArea in SW Natrona County, Wyoming. Also an area in Benton and Yakima counties, Washington. Also search Rattlesnake Mountain AND Wyoming for area in Wyoming. Indexed with states and counties as applicable. Added to Thesaurus in 1985.
Rattlesnake Mountain  search
RTBig Bend National Park
 Brewster County Texas
 Rattlesnake Hills
SNW Texas. Before 1985, term was sometimes used for Rattlesnake Hills, Wyoming. Also in other locations. Indexed with county and mountains as applicable.
Raukumara Peninsula  search
BTAustralasia
 .New Zealand
 ..Raukumara Peninsula
RTNorth Island
SNNE North Island. Also index North Island.
rault France  search
NTBedarieux France
 Cabrieres France
 Lodeve Basin
 Lodeve France
 Montpellier France
 Saint-Chinian France
 Sete France
Rauracian  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Phanerozoic
 ..Mesozoic
 ...Jurassic
 ....Upper Jurassic
 .....Rauracian
RTLusitanian
SNEurope. Above Argovian, below Sequanian.
Ravalli County Montana  search
BTUnited States
 .Montana
 ..Ravalli County Montana
RTSelway-Bitterroot Wilderness
SNW Montana.
Ravalli Group  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Precambrian
 ..Proterozoic
 ...Mesoproterozoic
 ....Ravalli Group
RTIdaho
 Montana
 Altyn Limestone
 Belt Supergroup
 Revett Quartzite
 Saint Regis Formation
SNOf Belt Supergroup. Includes Altyn Formation, Appekunny Formation, Grinnell Formation. NE Idaho, and NW Montana.
Ravenscrag Formation  search
BTChronostratigraphic Units
 .Phanerozoic
 ..Cenozoic
 ...Paleogene
 ....Paleocene
 .....Ravenscrag Formation
RTCanada
 Saskatchewan
raw humus  search
USEMor
raw materials  search
RTeconomic geology
 materials
 mineral resources
SNAdded to Thesaurus in 1982.
Rawlins County Kansas  search
BTUnited States
 .Kansas
 ..Rawlins County Kansas
SNNW Kansas.
Ray County Missouri  search
BTUnited States
 .Missouri
 ..Ray County Missouri
ray paths  search
USEraypaths
ray tracing  search
RTarrival time
 raypaths
 seismic methods
 velocity
SNAdded to Thesaurus in 1993.
Rayleigh number  search
RTconvection
 heat flow
 heat transfer
 hydrodynamics
 laboratory studies
 mathematical methods
SNUsed for any kind of Rayleigh number. Added to Thesaurus in 1995.
Rayleigh waves  search
BTelastic waves
 .seismic waves
 ..surface waves
 ...Rayleigh waves
NTRg-waves
UFR waves
RTseismology
 waves
 Lg-waves
 Stoneley waves
raypaths  search
UFray paths
RTseismology
 geophysical methods
 geophysics
 arrival time
 ray tracing
 seismic migration
SNAdded to Thesaurus in 1981.
rays, alpha  search
USEalpha rays
rays, beta  search
USEbeta rays
rays, cosmic  search
USEcosmic rays
rays, gamma  search
USEgamma rays
Razdan River  search
BTEurope
 .Armenia
 ..Razdan River
UFHrazdan River
 Zanga River
RTLake Sevan
SNRiver which serves as an outlet of Lake Sevan. This term has multiple hierarchies.
razor stone  search
USEnovaculite