(super 143) Nd/ (super 144) Nd ratios have been determined on 37 samples of oceanic basalt, with a typical precision of +2-3X10-5 (2 s). Ocean island and dredged and cored submarine basalts are included for which reliable measurements of (super 87) Sr/ (super 86) Sr ratios exist in the literature or have been measured as part of this study. A strong negative correlation exists between (super 143) Nd/ (super 144) Nd and (super 87) Sr/ (super 86) Sr ratios in basalts from Iceland and the Reykjanes Ridge, but such a clear correlation does not exist for samples from the Hawaiian Islands. However, when other ocean island basalts from the Atlantic are included there is an overall correlation between these two parameters. Increases and decreases in Rb/Sr in oceanic basalt source regions have in general been accompanied by decreases and increases respectively in Sm/Nd ratios. The compatibility of the data with single-stage models is assessed and it is concluded that enrichment and depletion events, which are consistent with transfer of silicate melts, are responsible for the observed variation.