This study presents petrological, geochemical and isotopic (Sr, Nd, S and C) data on samples collected by submersible at the peridotite-dominated southern wall and drilled by the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) at the gabbroic central dome (Site U1309) of the Atlantis Massif. The motivation of these studies is to understand lateral and vertical heterogeneities in crustal architecture, deformation, fluid fluxes, serpentinization and alteration conditions within the massif. The main goals of this thesis were: (1) to understand variations in conditions of serpentinization, and chemical and mineralogical changes accompanying crustal aecretion and alteration; (2) to quantify fluid-rock interaction and fluid-fluxes, and to determine their influence on the chemical compositions of the basement rocks; (3) to characterize the origin and evolution of volatiles in the peridotite hosted Lost City hydrothermal system; (4) to identify the linksks between serpentinization and microbial activity at Lost City; and (5) to compare the metamorphic and alteration conditions between the southern wall and the central dome of the massif.