Identification:
Title:
Composition and sources of clay from the trench slope and shallow accretionary prism of Nankai Trough
Year:
2005
Source:
In: Moore, Gregory F., Taira, Asahiko, Klaus, Adam, Becker, Keir, Becker, Luann, Boeckel, Babette, Cragg, Barry A., Dean, P. Allison, Fergusson, Christopher L., Henry, Pierre, Hirano, Satoshi, Hisamitsu, Toshio, Hunze, Sabine, Kastner, Miriam, Maltman, Alex J., Morgan, Julia K., Murakami, Yuki, Saffer, Demian M., Sanchez-Gomez, Mario, Screaton, Elizabeth J., Smith, David C., Spivack, Arthur J., Steurer, Joan F., Tobin, Harold J., Ujiie, Kohtaro, Underwood, Michael B., Wilson, Moyra E. J., Mikada, Hitoshi, Moore, J. Casey, Austin, Gary L., Bangs, Nathan L. B., Bourlange, Sylvain, Broilliard, Julien, Brueckmann, Warner, Corn, Ernest Ray, Davis, Earl E., Flemings, Peter B., Goldberg, David S., Gulick, Sean P. S., Hansen, Martin Bak, Hayward, Nathan, Hills, Denise J., Ienaga, Masanori, Ishiguro, Hiroyasu, Kinoshita, Masataka, Macdonald, Robert D., McNeill, Lisa, Obana, Shinichi, Hong, Ong Swee, Peacock, Sheila, Pettigrew, Thomas L., Saito, Saneatsu, Sawa, Takao, Thaiprasert, Nophawit, Tsurumi, Hikaru, Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program; scientific results; deformation and fluid flow processes in the Nankai Trough accretionary prism; coring, logging while drilling and advanced CORKs covering Legs 190 to 196 of the cruises of the drilling vessel JOIDES Resolution; Sydney, Australia, to Yokohama, Japan, Sites 1173-1178, 23 May-16 July 2000; and Keelung, Taiwan, to Kochi, Japan, Sites 808-1173, 2 May-1 July 2001
Publisher:
Texas A&M University, Ocean Drilling Program, College Station, TX, United States
Volume:
190/196
Issue:
Pages:
Abstract:
Three sites were cored on the landward slope of the Nankai margin of southwest Japan during Leg 190 of the Ocean Drilling Program. Sites 1175 and 1176 are located in a trench-slope basin that was constructed during the early Pleistocene ( approximately 1 Ma) by frontal offscraping of coarse-grained trench-wedge deposits. Rapid uplift elevated the substrate above the calcite compensation depth and rerouted a transverse canyon-channel system that had delivered most of the trench sediment during the late Pliocene (1.06-1.95 Ma). The basin's depth is now approximately 3000 to 3020 m below sea level. Clay-sized detritus (<2 mu m) did not change significantly in composition during the transition from trench-floor to slope-basin environment. Relative mineral abundances for the two slope-basin sites average 36-37 wt% illite, 25 wt% smectite, 22-24 wt% chlorite, and 15-16 wt% quartz. Site 1178 is located higher up the landward slope at a water depth of 1741 m, approximately 70 km from the present-day deformation front. There is a pronounced discontinuity approximately 200 m below seafloor between muddy slope-apron deposits (Quaternary-late Miocene) and sandier trench-wedge deposits (late Miocene; 6.8-9.63 Ma). Clay minerals change downsection from an illite-chlorite assemblage (similar to Sites 1175 and 1176) to one that contains substantial amounts of smectite (average = 45 wt% of the clay-sized fraction; maximum = 76 wt%). Mixing in the water column homogenizes fine-grained suspended sediment eroded from the Izu-Bonin volcanic arc, the Izu-Honshu collision zone, and the Outer Zone of Kyushu and Shikoku, but the spatial balance among those contributors has shifted through time. Closure of the Central America Seaway at approximately 3 Ma was particularly important because it triggered intensification of the Kuroshio Current. With stronger and deeper flow of surface water toward the northeast, the flux of smectite from the Izu-Bonin volcanic arc was dampened and more detrital illite and chlorite were transported into the Shikoku-Nankai system from the Outer Zone of Japan.
Language:
English
Genre:
Serial
Rights:
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