Kono, Masaru (1980): Magnetic properties of DSDP Leg 55 basalts

Leg/Site/Hole:
DSDP 55
DSDP 55 433
Identifier:
1981-027028
georefid

10.2973/dsdp.proc.55.134.1980
doi

Creator:
Kono, Masaru
Univ. Tokyo, Geophys. Inst., Tokyo, Japan
author

Identification:
Magnetic properties of DSDP Leg 55 basalts
1980
In: Shambach, James (editor), Jackson, Everett Dale, Koizumi, Itaru, Avdeiko, Gennady, Butt, Arif, Clague, David, Dalrymple, G. Brent, Greene, H. Gary, Karpoff, Anne Marie, Kirkpatrick, R. James, Kono, Masaru, Hsin Yi Ling, McKenzie, Judith, Morgan, Jason, Takayama, Toshiaki, Initial reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project covering Leg 55 of the cruises of the drilling vessel Glomar Challenger, Honolulu, Hawaii to Yokohama, Japan; July-September 1977
Texas A & M University, Ocean Drilling Program, College Station, TX, United States
55
723-736
Many magnetic properties were measured on basalt samples from Holes 430A (Ojin), 432A (Nintoku), 433A, 433B and 433C (Suiko), drilled on the Emperor Seamount chain. A number of conclusions can be drawn from the individual properties or from interrelations among various properties. 1) The ferromagnetic minerals are titanomagnetites, most of which have undergone high-temperature oxidation. Since high-temperature oxidation is rare in ocean floor basalts, this implies that the basalt lavas erupted subaerially when the seamounts were above sea level. 2) The NRM in these rocks is characterized by moderate intensity (AM = 5.01 emu/cm (super 3) ), large Konigsberger ratio (9.37), and high stability against AF demagnetization (MDF = 305 Oe). As it is certain that the NRM well represents the ambient magnetic field when the rocks formed, these rocks are ideal for studies of paleomagnetism. The major part of a seamount seems to have formed in a relatively short time span of about 1 m.y. (Dalrymple et al., this volume; Kono, this volume). These facts lend some support for the basic assumptions used in paleomagnetism of seamount magnetic anomalies (uniformity of magnetization, averaging of secular variation, etc.). 3) The grade of high-temperature oxidation varies from sample to sample, but moderately to highly oxidized samples always have high Curie points, between 500 degrees C and 600 degrees C, suggesting that separation into magnetite solid solution and ilmenite solid solution is almost complete at the moderate stage of high-temperature oxidation. 4) Samples with initial Curie temperatures between 300 degrees C and 500 degrees C always contain some trace of secondary low-temperature oxidation. High-temperature oxidation in such samples is always low grade. 5) Since it is very unlikely that Curie temperatures between 200 degrees C and 500 degrees C did not exist among the original basaltic rocks (titanomagnetites with intermediate Curie temperatures are common in basalts of the Hawaii Island), the ferromagnetic minerals with such Curie temperatures were very susceptible to low-temperature oxidation and underwent titanomaghemitization, and/or the parts of lava flows containing such minerals were preferentially lost by erosion, etc. Titanomagnetites which were subjected to high-temperature oxidation may become resistant to low-temperature oxidation. 6) Saturation magnetization is a useful parameter for representing the cooling rate or crystal growth of ferromagnetic minerals. The linear relation between Js and X may discriminate the structural differences of ferromagnetic grains as between homogeneous grains, and those subdivided by ilmenite lamellae. 7) Changes in many parameters, such as Jr, Jr/Js, and J(5 kOe)/Js, can be interpreted in terms of change in effective grain size, from SPM, SD, PSD, to MD, as the cooling rate becomes lower. These results show that many of the ferromagnetic minerals in the present samples are in the SD to PSD size range, which perhaps is the reason for the high observed stability of remanence. 8) Heating in vacuum causes a significant increase in magnetization in numerous samples which contain many SPM grains. This is attributable to crystal growth by annealing. 9) Apart from the Curie point, there is no difference between HT samples and LT samples, either in their magnetic properties or in the interrelations of those properties. Therefore, high-temperature oxidation is the dominant process, and low-temperature oxidation did not proceed much or affect magnetic properties in the present basalts. 10) Some systematic differences exist between magnetic properties of tholeiites and those of alkalic basalts. The reason for the difference is not clear at this stage.
English
Coverage:Geographic coordinates:
North:50.0000
West:160.0000East: 175.0000
South:35.0000

Solid-earth geophysics; basalts; Cenozoic; Deep Sea Drilling Project; Emperor Seamounts; geophysical surveys; igneous rocks; IPOD; Leg 55; magnetic minerals; magnetic properties; magnetization; natural remanent magnetization; North Pacific; Northwest Pacific; ocean floors; oceanography; oxidation; oxides; Pacific Ocean; paleomagnetism; properties; remanent magnetization; saturation magnetization; seamounts; Site 433; surveys; titanomagnetite; volcanic rocks; West Pacific;

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