Sato, Tokiyuki (2010): Emergence of the Isthmus of Panama links to Northern Hemisphere glaciation; relation to new definition of the "Quaternary". Japan Association for Quaternary Research, Tokyo, Japan, In: Ueki, Takeyuki (prefacer), Endo, Kunihiko (prefacer), The 2009 symposium on Environmental change and tectonics around the base of the newly defined Quaternary, 49 (5), 283-292, georefid:2011-027988

Abstract:
Calcareous nannofossil assemblages found in samples from the Arctic and North Pacific Oceans indicate that heavy Northern Hemisphere glaciation occurred in 2.75 Ma, based on the abundant occurrence of cold water nanno-fossil Coccolithus pelagicus and the drastic increase of ice rafted debris in these areas. Final closure of the Central American Sea Way, indicated by the biogeography of calcareous nannofossils in the Caribbean and the eastern Pacific, occurred at this time. These results indicate that the emergence of the Isthmus of Panama resulted in the Northern Hemisphere glaciation, and also led to both the Quaternary-style ocean circulation and nannofossil biogeography in 2:75 Ma.
Coverage:
West: -148.2647 East: 167.3600 North: 80.2829 South: 47.0606
Relations:
Expedition: 145
Site: 145-881
Site: 145-882
Site: 145-883
Site: 145-887
Expedition: 151
Site: 151-911
Expedition: 303
Site: 303-U1308
Data access:
Provider: SEDIS Publication Catalogue
Data set link: http://sedis.iodp.org/pub-catalogue/index.php?id=2011-027988 (c.f. for more detailed metadata)
This metadata in ISO19139 XML format